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Wu O, Lu X, Leng J, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang F, Zhang H, Li J, Khederzadeh S, Liu X, Yuan C. Reevaluating Adiponectin's impact on obesity hypertension: a Chinese case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:208. [PMID: 38615012 PMCID: PMC11015577 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Both conditions are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is mediated by adipokines such as adiponectin. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine that has a beneficial impact on metabolic and vascular biology, while high serum concentrations are associated with some syndromes. This "adiponectin paradox" still needs to be clarified in obesity-associated hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate how adiponectin affects blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolic function in obesity hypertension using a Chinese adult case-control study. METHODS A case-control study that had finished recruiting 153 subjects divided as four characteristic groups. Adiponectin serum levels were tested by ELISA in these subjects among these four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), diastolic blood pressure (DB), and other clinical laboratory data were collected. Analyzation of correlations between the research index and differences between groups was done by SPSS. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels in the| normal healthy group (NH group) were significantly higher than those in the newly diagnosed untreated just-obesity group (JO group), and negatively correlated with the visceral adiposity index. With multiple linear egression analysis, it was found that, for serum adiponectin, gender, serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were the significant independent correlates, and for SB, age and HDLC were the significant independent correlates, and for DB, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was the significant independent correlate. The other variables did not reach significance in the model. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that adiponectin's role in obesity-hypertension is multifaceted and is influenced by the systemic metabolic homeostasis signaling axis. In obesity-related hypertension, compensatory effects, adiponectin resistance, and reduced adiponectin clearance from impaired kidneys and liver all contribute to the "adiponectin paradox".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- JFIntelligent Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd Building No.5-7, No.699 Tianxiang Avenue, Hi-Tech Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Khederzadeh
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Mendelian randomization study reveals a causal relationship between adiponectin and LDL cholesterol in Africans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18955. [PMID: 36347891 PMCID: PMC9643497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been associated with cardiometabolic traits in observational studies across populations, yet it is unclear if these associations are causal. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the relationship between adiponectin and cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africans. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin levels across 3354 unrelated sub-Saharan Africans. The PRS was used as the instrumental variable in two-stage least-squares MR analysis to assess its association with insulin resistance, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and hypertension. The adiponectin PRS was causally related with LDL (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.07-1.04, P-value = 0.024) but not the other traits. This association was observed in both overweight/obese and normal weight individuals, but only reached statistical significance among overweight/obese individuals (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.01-1.08, P-value = 0.045). In normal weight individuals, the adiponectin PRS was associated with T2D (OR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02-0.73, P-value = 0.021), and in men with HDL (β = 1.03, 95%CI 0.14-1.92, P-value = 0.023). The findings of this first MR study in sub-Saharan Africans support a causal relationship of adiponectin with LDL, with T2D in normal weight individuals only, and with HDL in men only. These observations add to the small but growing literature on adiponectin MR studies.
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Reis RMDF, Azulay RSDS, Tavares MDG, Nascimento GC, Damianse SDSP, Rocha VCDC, Almeida AG, Lago DCF, Rodrigues V, Magalhães M, Sobral CS, Parente C, França J, Ribeiro J, Ferraz PCD, Junior CAA, Silva DA, Gomes MB, Faria MDS. Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Clinical Data and Autosomal Ancestry in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Admixed Brazilian Population. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020389. [PMID: 35205433 PMCID: PMC8872303 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a major cause of death in this population. This study investigates early markers of CVD associated with clinical data and autosomal ancestry in T1D patients from an admixed Brazilian population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 99 T1D patients. The mean age of the study sample was 27.6 years and the mean duration of T1D was 14.4 years. The frequencies of abnormalities of the early markers of CVD were 19.6% in the ankle-brachial index (ABI), 4.1% in the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and 5% in the carotid Doppler. A significant percentage of agreement was observed for the comparison of the frequency of abnormalities between CACS and carotid Doppler (92.2%, p = 0.041). There was no significant association between the level of autosomal ancestry proportions and early markers of CVD. The ABI was useful in the early identification of CVD in asymptomatic young patients with T1D and with a short duration of disease. Although CACS and carotid Doppler are non-invasive tests, carotid Doppler is more cost-effective, and both have limitations in screening for CVD in young patients with a short duration of T1D. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between autosomal ancestry proportions and early CVD markers in an admixed Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maria Duailibe Ferreira Reis
- Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Av. dos Portugueses, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil; (M.M.); (M.d.S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rossana Santiago de Sousa Azulay
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Maria da Glória Tavares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Gilvan Cortês Nascimento
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Sabrina da Silva Pereira Damianse
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Viviane Chaves de Carvalho Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Ana Gregória Almeida
- Research Group in Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology and Metabology (ENDOCLIM), São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (V.R.); (J.R.); (P.C.D.F.); (C.A.A.J.)
| | - Débora Cristina Ferreira Lago
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Vandilson Rodrigues
- Research Group in Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology and Metabology (ENDOCLIM), São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (V.R.); (J.R.); (P.C.D.F.); (C.A.A.J.)
| | - Marcelo Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Av. dos Portugueses, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil; (M.M.); (M.d.S.F.)
| | - Carla Souza Sobral
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Conceição Parente
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Joana França
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA/EBSERH), Rua Barão de Itapary, 227-Centro, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (R.S.d.S.A.); (M.d.G.T.); (G.C.N.); (S.d.S.P.D.); (V.C.d.C.R.); (D.C.F.L.); (C.S.S.); (C.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jacqueline Ribeiro
- Research Group in Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology and Metabology (ENDOCLIM), São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (V.R.); (J.R.); (P.C.D.F.); (C.A.A.J.)
| | - Paulo Cézar Dias Ferraz
- Research Group in Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology and Metabology (ENDOCLIM), São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (V.R.); (J.R.); (P.C.D.F.); (C.A.A.J.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Azulay Junior
- Research Group in Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology and Metabology (ENDOCLIM), São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (A.G.A.); (V.R.); (J.R.); (P.C.D.F.); (C.A.A.J.)
| | - Dayse Aparecida Silva
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Marília Brito Gomes
- Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Manuel dos Santos Faria
- Graduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Av. dos Portugueses, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil; (M.M.); (M.d.S.F.)
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Meeks KAC, Bentley AR, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Evolutionary forces in diabetes and hypertension pathogenesis in Africans. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R110-R118. [PMID: 33734377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are increasing rapidly in urbanizing sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While lifestyle factors drive the increases in T2D and hypertension prevalence, evidence across populations shows that genetic variation, which is driven by evolutionary forces including a natural selection that shaped the human genome, also plays a role. Here we report the evidence for the effect of selection in African genomes on mechanisms underlying T2D and hypertension, including energy metabolism, adipose tissue biology, insulin action and salt retention. Selection effects found for variants in genes PPARA and TCF7L2 may have enabled Africans to respond to nutritional challenges by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Likewise, African-ancestry-specific characteristics of adipose tissue biology (low visceral adipose tissue [VAT], high intermuscular adipose tissue and a strong association between VAT and adiponectin) may have been selected for in response to nutritional and infectious disease challenges in the African environment. Evidence for selection effects on insulin action, including insulin resistance and secretion, has been found for several genes including MPHOSPH9, TMEM127, ZRANB3 and MC3R. These effects may have been historically adaptive in critical conditions, such as famine and inflammation. A strong correlation between hypertension susceptibility variants and latitude supports the hypothesis of selection for salt retention mechanisms in warm, humid climates. Nevertheless, adaptive genomics studies in African populations are scarce. More work is needed, particularly genomics studies covering the wide diversity of African populations in SSA and Africans in diaspora, as well as further functional assessment of established risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Barros BSV, Santos DC, Melo LGN, Pizarro MH, Muniz LH, Silva DA, Porto LC, Gomes MB. Genomic ancestry and metabolic syndrome in individuals with type 1 diabetes from an admixed population: a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Brazil. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14400. [PMID: 32918322 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the relationship between self-reported colour-race, genomic ancestry, and metabolic syndrome in an admixed Brazilian population with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We included 1640 participants with type 1 diabetes. The proportions of European, African and Amerindian genomic ancestries were determined by 46 ancestry informative markers of insertion deletion. Two different sets of analyses were performed to determine whether self-reported colour-race and genomic ancestry were predictors of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was identified in 29.8% of participants. In the first model, the factors associated with metabolic syndrome were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.36, P = 0.019); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 5.93, P < 0.001). Colour-race was not a predictive factor for metabolic syndrome. In the second model, colour-race was replaced by European genomic ancestry. The associated factors were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.39, P = 0.011); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 6.12, P < 0.001). Physical exercise (≥3 times a week) was a protective factor (odds ratio 0.77, P = 0.041), and European genomic ancestry was not associated with metabolic syndrome but showed an odds ratio of 1.77 (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although a higher level of European genomic ancestry was observed among participants with metabolic syndrome in the univariate analysis, this association did not persist after multivariable adjustments. Further prospective studies in other highly admixed populations remain necessary to better evaluate whether the European ancestral component modulates the development of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S V Barros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L G N Melo
- Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M H Pizarro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L H Muniz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D A Silva
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L C Porto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M B Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
The cause(s) of ubiquitous cognitive differences between American self-identified racial/ethnic groups (SIREs) is uncertain. Evolutionary-genetic models posit that ancestral genetic selection pressures are the ultimate source of these differences. Conversely, sociological models posit that these differences result from racial discrimination. To examine predictions based on these models, we conducted a global admixture analysis using data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study (PING; N = 1,369 American children). Specifically, we employed a standard methodology of genetic epidemiology to determine whether genetic ancestry significantly predicts cognitive ability, independent of SIRE. In regression models using four different codings for SIRE as a covariate, we found incremental relationships between genetic ancestry and both general cognitive ability and parental socioeconomic status (SES). The relationships between global ancestry and cognitive ability were partially attenuated when parental SES was added as a predictor and when cognitive ability was the outcome. Moreover, these associations generally held when subgroups were analyzed separately. Our results are congruent with evolutionary-genetic models of group differences and with certain environmental models that mimic the predictions of evolutionary-genetic ones. Implications for research on race/ethnic differences in the Americas are discussed, as are methods for further exploring the matter.
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Abstract
The cause(s) of ubiquitous cognitive differences between American self-identified racial/ethnic groups (SIREs) is uncertain. Evolutionary-genetic models posit that ancestral genetic selection pressures are the ultimate source of these differences. Conversely, sociological models posit that these differences result from racial discrimination. To examine predictions based on these models, we conducted a global admixture analysis using data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study (PING; N = 1,369 American children). Specifically, we employed a standard methodology of genetic epidemiology to determine whether genetic ancestry significantly predicts cognitive ability, independent of SIRE. In regression models using four different codings for SIRE as a covariate, we found incremental relationships between genetic ancestry and both general cognitive ability and parental socioeconomic status (SES). The relationships between global ancestry and cognitive ability were partially attenuated when parental SES was added as a predictor and when cognitive ability was the outcome. Moreover, these associations generally held when subgroups were analyzed separately. Our results are congruent with evolutionary-genetic models of group differences and with certain environmental models that mimic the predictions of evolutionary-genetic ones. Implications for research on race/ethnic differences in the Americas are discussed, as are methods for further exploring the matter.
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Goedecke JH, George C, Veras K, Peer N, Lombard C, Victor H, Steyn K, Levitt NS. Sex differences in insulin sensitivity and insulin response with increasing age in black South African men and women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 122:207-214. [PMID: 27889690 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Black Africans are disproportionally affected by type 2 diabetes, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. The study aimed to examine the effect of sex and age on insulin sensitivity and insulin response in black South African adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a random sample of 179 men and 260 women aged 25-74years with normal glucose tolerance from 5 peri-urban townships in Cape Town, SA. Insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index, ISI0,120) and response (insulinogenic index, IGI), and the disposition index (DI, ISI0,120×IGI), derived from an oral glucose tolerance test, were measured. RESULTS Although men were older (median [interquartile range]: 39 [30-48] vs. 35 [29-44], P=0.021) and had significantly lower BMI than women (22.6 [20.0-25.3] vs. 31.0 [25.9-35.7] kg/m2, P=0.001), DI was not different (P=0.740), but ISI0,120 was higher (P=0.007) and IGI was lower (P=0.074) in men than women, adjusting for age and BMI. With increasing age, DI (β (95%CI): -24.4 (-36.3 to -12.5), P<0.001) and IGI (β (95%CI): -4.9 (-7.5 to -2.2), P<0.001) decreased similarly in both sexes, but ISI0,120 did not change (β (95%CI): 0.005 (-0.20 to 0.03), P=0.675). CONCLUSION Black South African women with normal glucose tolerance have lower insulin sensitivity than their male counterparts, but increase their insulin response to maintain normoglycemia. With increasing age, insulin sensitivity remains unchanged, but the insulin response decreases at a similar rate in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, 3rd Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa.
| | - Cindy George
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Veras
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, 3rd Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, 7505 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendriena Victor
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, 3rd Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa
| | - Krisela Steyn
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naomi S Levitt
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Associations of Genetically Determined Continental Ancestry With CD4+ Count and Plasma HIV-1 RNA Beyond Self-Reported Race and Ethnicity. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 71:544-50. [PMID: 26536313 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ancestry informative markers (AIMs) measure genetic admixtures within an individual beyond self-reported racial/ethnic (SRR) groups. Here, we used genetically determined ancestry (GDA) across SRR groups and examine associations between GDA and HIV-1 RNA and CD4 counts in HIV-positive children in the United States. METHODS Forty-one AIMs, developed to distinguish 7 continental regions, were detected by real-time PCR in 994 HIV-positive, antiretroviral naive children. GDA was estimated comparing each individual's genotypes to allele frequencies found in a large set of reference individuals originating from global populations using STRUCTURE. The means of GDA were calculated for each category of SRR. Linear regression was used to model GDA on CD4 count and log10 RNA, adjusting for SRR and age. RESULTS Subjects were 61% black, 25% Hispanic, 13% white, and 1.3% Unknown. The mean age was 2.3 years (45% male), mean CD4 count of 981 cells per cubic millimeter, and mean log10 RNA of 5.11. Marked heterogeneity was found for all SRR groups with high admixture for Hispanics. In adjusted linear regression models, subjects with 100% European ancestry were estimated to have 0.33 higher log10 RNA levels (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.62, P = 0.028) and 253 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter lower (95% CI: -517 to 11, P = 0.06) in CD4 count, compared to subjects with 100% African ancestry. CONCLUSION Marked continental admixture was found among this cohort of HIV-infected children from the United States. GDA contributed to differences in RNA and CD4 counts beyond SRR and should be considered when outcomes associated with HIV infection are likely to have a genetic component.
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Riestra P, Gebreab SY, Xu R, Khan RJ, Bidulescu A, Correa A, Tekola-Ayele F, Davis SK. Gender-specific associations between ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and adiponectin levels and obesity in the Jackson Heart Study cohort. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:65. [PMID: 26290432 PMCID: PMC4593213 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the important role of adiponectin in regulating general metabolic homeostasis, analysis of genetic determinants of adiponectin and the related cardio-metabolic traits in African American population has been limited and inconsistent. Considering the high genetic admixture of African Americans and thus the important population stratification that may confound the genetic-trait associations, the objective of this work was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the associations between ADIPOQ variants and adiponectin levels and obesity phenotypes in a large African American population from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort. METHODS Genotype data was available for 2968 JHS participants (1131men; 1837women). Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by a Tag-SNP Approach and literature review. The genotype imputation was performed using IMPUTE2 software and reference phased data from the 1000G project. PLINK software was used for the genetic analysis. Plasma specimens were analyzed by ELISA for adiponectin levels. All analyses were controlled for population stratification assessed by Individual Proportions of European Ancestry (PEA) estimates calculated in HAPMIX using ancestry informative markers (AIMs). RESULTS We found a gender-dependent association of some ADIPOQ variants and adiponectin levels. In women four of the studied polymorphisms (rs6444174, rs16861205, rs1403697, rs7641507) were associated with adiponectin levels after Bonferroni correction and controlling for the percentage of PEA, age, annual household income and smoking. These results were consistent with the haplotype analysis. The association between the rs12495941 variant and obesity is modulated by the PEA, so that the relationship between the G allele and a higher incidence of obesity was present in those individuals within the lower PEA group. In addition we found an effect modification of obesity on the association between the ADIPOQ rs6444174 SNP and BMI so that the presence of the T allele was negatively and significantly associated with BMI only in participants with a normal weight. CONCLUSIONS In this large African American cohort, ADIPOQ variants were associated with adiponectin levels in a gender-dependent manner and the relationship of some of these variants with obesity and BMI was modulated by the PEA and obesity status respectively. This suggests that the effects of these polymorphisms on adiponectin and obesity phenotypes are subject to a strong interaction with genetic and environmental factors in African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Riestra
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Samson Y Gebreab
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Ruihua Xu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Rumana J Khan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Jackson Medical Mall, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Av., Suite 701, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sharon K Davis
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Genomics of Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Branch, Social Epidemiology Research Unit, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Springfield S, Buscemi J, Fitzgibbon ML, Stolley MR, Zenk SN, Schiffer L, Sampson J, Jones Q, Murdock T, Davis I, Holland L, Watkins A, Odoms-Young A. A randomized pilot study of a community-based weight loss intervention for African-American women: Rationale and study design of Doing Me! Sisters Standing Together for a Healthy Mind and Body. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 43:200-8. [PMID: 26079196 PMCID: PMC4669053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the high prevalence of obesity among African-American women and modest success in behavioral weight loss interventions, the development and testing of weight management interventions using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach have been limited. Doing Me!: Sisters Standing Together for Healthy Mind and Body (Doing Me!) is an intervention adapted from an evidence-based behavioral obesity intervention using a CBPR approach. The purpose of Doing Me! is to test the feasibility and acceptability of this adapted intervention and determine its efficacy in achieving improvements in anthropometrics, diet, and physical activity. METHODS Sixty African-American women, from a low-income, urban community, aged 30-65 years will be randomized to one of two arms: 16-week Doing Me! (n = 30) or waitlist control (n = 30). Doing Me! employs CBPR methodology to involve community stakeholders and members during the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the intervention. There will be thirty-two 90-minute sessions incorporating 45 min of instruction on diet, physical activity, and/or weight management plus 45 min of physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline and post-intervention (16 weeks). DISCUSSION Doing Me! is one of the first CBPR studies to examine the feasibility/acceptability of an adapted evidence-based behavioral weight loss intervention designed for obese African-American women. CBPR may be an effective strategy for implementing a weight management intervention among this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparkle Springfield
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Cancer Education and Career Development Program, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 1747 West Roosevelt Road MC275, Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
| | - Joanna Buscemi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Marian L Fitzgibbon
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Melinda R Stolley
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Shannon N Zenk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Health Systems Science, 914 College of Nursing, 845 South Damen Ave. MC 802, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Linda Schiffer
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Jameika Sampson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Quiana Jones
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tanine Murdock
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Iona Davis
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Loys Holland
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Englewood Neighborhood Health Clinic, Chicago Department of Public Health, 641 W 63rd St, Chicago, IL 60621, United States
| | - April Watkins
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Angela Odoms-Young
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, 646 Applied Health Sciences Building, 1919 West Taylor Street MC 517, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Health Promotion Research Program, College of Medicine, Institute for Health Research and Policy, 486 Westside Research Office Bldg., 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
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Laston SL, Voruganti VS, Haack K, Shah VO, Bobelu A, Bobelu J, Ghahate D, Harford AM, Paine SS, Tentori F, Cole SA, MacCluer JW, Comuzzie AG, Zager PG. Genetics of kidney disease and related cardiometabolic phenotypes in Zuni Indians: the Zuni Kidney Project. Front Genet 2015; 6:6. [PMID: 25688259 PMCID: PMC4311707 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify genetic factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related cardiometabolic phenotypes among participants of the Genetics of Kidney Disease in Zuni Indians study. The study was conducted as a community-based participatory research project in the Zuni Indians, a small endogamous tribe in rural New Mexico. We recruited 998 members from 28 extended multigenerational families, ascertained through probands with CKD who had at least one sibling with CKD. We used the Illumina Infinium Human1M-Duo version 3.0 BeadChips to type 1.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Prevalence estimates for CKD, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension were 24%, 30%, 17% and 34%, respectively. We found a significant (p < 1.58 × 10-7) association for a SNP in a novel gene for serum creatinine (PTPLAD2). We replicated significant associations for genes with serum uric acid (SLC2A9), triglyceride levels (APOA1, BUD13, ZNF259), and total cholesterol (PVRL2). We found novel suggestive associations (p < 1.58 × 10-6) for SNPs in genes with systolic (OLFML2B), and diastolic blood pressure (NFIA). We identified a series of genes associated with CKD and related cardiometabolic phenotypes among Zuni Indians, a population with a high prevalence of kidney disease. Illuminating genetic variations that modulate the risk for these disorders may ultimately provide a basis for novel preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Laston
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas at San Antonio Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kannapolis, NC, USA ; University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vallabh O Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Arlene Bobelu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeanette Bobelu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Donica Ghahate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Antonia M Harford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean W MacCluer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio, TX, USA ; Southwest National Primate Research Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Philip G Zager
- Dialysis Clinic, Inc., Albuquerque, NM USA ; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, NM, USA
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