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Palma Albornoz SP, Fraga-Silva TF, de Carvalho RV, Rodrigues TS, Gembre AF, de Oliveira RS, de Souza FM, Corrêa GF, Ramalho LN, Carlos D, de Almeida DC, Câmara NO, Zamboni DS, Takahashi VN, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Medeiros AI, Costa DL, Bonato VL. Cell death induced by NLRP3-palmitate axis impairs pulmonary damage tolerance and aggravates immunopathology during obesity-tuberculosis comorbidity. J Pathol 2023; 259:291-303. [PMID: 36441400 DOI: 10.1002/path.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A low-grade and persistent inflammation, which is the hallmark of obesity, requires the participation of NLRP3 and cell death. During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, NLRP3 signaling is important for bacterial killing by macrophages in vitro but was shown to be dispensable for host protection in vivo. We hypothesized that during obesity-tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity, NLRP3 signaling might play a detrimental role by inducing excessive inflammation. We employed a model of high-fat-diet-induced obesity, followed by M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Obese mice presented increased susceptibility to infection and pulmonary immunopathology compared to lean mice. Using treatment with NLRP3 antagonist and Nlrp3-/- mice, we showed that NLRP3 signaling promoted cell death, with no effect in bacterial loads. The levels of palmitate were higher in the lungs of obese infected mice compared to lean counterparts, and we observed that this lipid increased M. tuberculosis-induced macrophage death in vitro, which was dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1. At the chronic phase, although lungs of obese Nlrp3-/- mice showed an indication of granuloma formation compared to obese wild-type mice, there was no difference in the bacterial load. Our findings indicate that NLRP3 may be a potential target for host-directed therapy to reduce initial and severe inflammation-mediated disease and to treat comorbidity-associated TB. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Palma Albornoz
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Fc Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Vh de Carvalho
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara S Rodrigues
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Silva de Oliveira
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mesquita de Souza
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giseli Furlan Corrêa
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Nz Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C de Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Os Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luís Costa
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia Ld Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Tsujimura Y, Shiogama Y, Soma S, Okamura T, Takano J, Urano E, Murakata Y, Kawano A, Yamakawa N, Asaka MN, Matsuo K, Yasutomi Y. Vaccination with Intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Provides Robust Protection against Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis but Not Pulmonary Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3023-3036. [PMID: 33097574 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is being reassessed in accordance with the achievements of clinical tuberculosis (TB) vaccine research. However, the mechanisms ultimately determining the success or failure of BCG vaccination to prevent pulmonary TB remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the protective effects of intradermal BCG vaccination by using specific pathogen-free cynomolgus macaques of Asian origin that were intradermally vaccinated with BCG (Tokyo strain) followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Erdman strain) infection. Intradermal BCG administration generated TB Ag-specific multifunctional CD4 T cell responses in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage and almost completely protected against the development of TB pathogenesis with aggravation of clinical parameters and high levels of bacterial burdens in extrapulmonary organs. However, interestingly, there were no differences in bacterial quantitation and pathology of extensive granulomas in the lungs between BCG-vaccinated monkeys and control animals. These results indicated that the changes in clinical parameters, immunological responses, and quantitative gross pathology that are used routinely to determine the efficacy of TB vaccines in nonhuman primate models might not correlate with the bacterial burden and histopathological score in the lung as measured in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsujimura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shiogama
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shogo Soma
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Immunoregulation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 514-8507 Tsu, Mie, Japan; and
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichiro Takano
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emiko Urano
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakata
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Kawano
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Immunoregulation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 514-8507 Tsu, Mie, Japan; and.,Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, 204-0022 Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu N Asaka
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, 204-0022 Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; .,Department of Immunoregulation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 514-8507 Tsu, Mie, Japan; and
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3
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Kato G, Kakazu T, Yamada M, Lau LM, Nakajima K, Sato S, Nakanishi T, Endo M, Sano M. Granulomatous inflammation in ginbuna crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii against Mycobacterium gordonae. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:93-100. [PMID: 30385316 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the immune responses against Mycobacterium gordonae in ginbuna crucian carp. Cumulative mortality of ginbuna injected with 2.0 × 107 CFU of M. gordonae was 50% at 170 days post-infection. CD4-1, CD8α, T-bet and IFNγ2 gene expression levels were significantly upregulated in ginbuna injected with 1.9 × 108 CFU of M. gordonae at 21 and 28 days post-infection. The CD4-2 level did not change during the experiment. Granulomatous responses consisted of central macrophage accumulation and surrounding lymphocytes, and Ziehl-Neelsen-positive bacteria were observed in the trunk kidney of the challenged fish. Immunohistochemistry using anti-ginbuna IFNγs and anti-ginbuna CD4-1 polyclonal antibody revealed that the marginal lymphocytes were positive for CD4-1, and the IFNγ-producing cells surrounded the mycobacterial cell-laden phagocytes. These results suggest that CD4-1+ cells and IFNγ2 play important roles in the granulomatous inflammation against Mycobacterial infections in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Taichi Kakazu
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yamada
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Lik-Ming Lau
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kazue Nakajima
- Niigata Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, Niigata, 940-1137, Japan
| | - Shoh Sato
- Niigata Prefectural Inland Water Fisheries Experiment Station, Niigata, 940-1137, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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4
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Tsairidou S, Allen A, Banos G, Coffey M, Anacleto O, Byrne AW, Skuce RA, Glass EJ, Woolliams JA, Doeschl-Wilson AB. Can We Breed Cattle for Lower Bovine TB Infectivity? Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:310. [PMID: 30581821 PMCID: PMC6292866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host resistance and infectivity are genetic traits affecting infectious disease transmission. This Perspective discusses the potential exploitation of genetic variation in cattle infectivity, in addition to resistance, to reduce the risk, and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In bTB, variability in M. bovis shedding has been previously reported in cattle and wildlife hosts (badgers and wild boars), but the observed differences were attributed to dose and route of infection, rather than host genetics. This article addresses the extent to which cattle infectivity may play a role in bTB transmission, and discusses the feasibility, and potential benefits from incorporating infectivity into breeding programmes. The underlying hypothesis is that bTB infectivity, like resistance, is partly controlled by genetics. Identifying and reducing the number of cattle with high genetic infectivity, could reduce further a major risk factor for herds exposed to bTB. We outline evidence in support of this hypothesis and describe methodologies for detecting and estimating genetic parameters for infectivity. Using genetic-epidemiological prediction models we discuss the potential benefits of selection for reduced infectivity and increased resistance in terms of practical field measures of epidemic risk and severity. Simulations predict that adding infectivity to the breeding programme could enhance and accelerate the reduction in breakdown risk compared to selection on resistance alone. Therefore, given the recent launch of genetic evaluations for bTB resistance and the UK government's goal to eradicate bTB, it is timely to consider the potential of integrating infectivity into breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragda Tsairidou
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Allen
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Banos
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Scotland's Rural College, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Coffey
- Scotland's Rural College, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Osvaldo Anacleto
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Robin A. Skuce
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Glass
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea B. Doeschl-Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mainetti C, Peeters MA, Laffitte E. Cutaneous Granulomatosis: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:131-146. [PMID: 29352388 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous granulomatosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a skin inflammatory reaction triggered by a wide variety of stimuli, including infections, foreign bodies, malignancy, metabolites, and chemicals. From a pathogenic point of view, they are divided into non-infectious and infectious granulomas. Pathophysiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Non-infectious granulomatous skin diseases include granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, rheumatic nodules, foreign body granulomas, cutaneous sarcoidosis, and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Necrobiosis lipoidica is more frequent in diabetic patients. Infectious granulomas of the skin are caused by mycobacteria, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria; parasites, such as Leishmania; or fungi. Pathogenic mechanisms of M. tuberculosis-related granuloma are discussed. From a clinical point of view, it is useful to divide cutaneous granulomatosis into localized and more disseminated forms, although this distinction can be sometimes artificial. Three types of localized granulomatous lesions can be distinguished: palisaded granulomas (granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and rheumatoid nodules), foreign body granulomas, and infectious granulomas, which are generally associated with localized infections. Disseminated cutaneous granulomas can be divided into infectious, in particular tuberculosis, and non-infectious forms, among which sarcoidosis and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. From a histological point of view, the common denominator is the presence of a granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis and/or hypodermis; this infiltrate is mainly composed of macrophages grouped into nodules having a nodular, palisaded or interstitial architecture. Finally, we propose which diagnostic procedure should be performed when facing a patient with a suspected cutaneous granulomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Mainetti
- Department of Dermatology, Bellinzona Regional Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Laffitte
- Clinique de Dermatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland.
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6
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Benmerzoug S, Marinho FV, Rose S, Mackowiak C, Gosset D, Sedda D, Poisson E, Uyttenhove C, Van Snick J, Jacobs M, Garcia I, Ryffel B, Quesniaux VFJ. GM-CSF targeted immunomodulation affects host response to M. tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8652. [PMID: 29872095 PMCID: PMC5988704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host directed immunomodulation represents potential new adjuvant therapies in infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Major cytokines like TNFα exert a multifold role in host control of mycobacterial infections. GM-CSF and its receptor are over-expressed during acute M. tuberculosis infection and we asked how GM-CSF neutralization might affect host response, both in immunocompetent and in immunocompromised TNFα-deficient mice. GM-CSF neutralizing antibodies, at a dose effectively preventing acute lung inflammation, did not affect M. tuberculosis bacterial burden, but increased the number of granuloma in wild-type mice. We next assessed whether GM-CSF neutralization might affect the control of M. tuberculosis by isoniazid/rifampicin chemotherapy. GM-CSF neutralization compromised the bacterial control under sub-optimal isoniazid/rifampicin treatment in TNFα-deficient mice, leading to exacerbated lung inflammation with necrotic granulomatous structures and high numbers of intracellular M. tuberculosis bacilli. In vitro, GM-CSF neutralization promoted M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype in M. bovis BCG infected macrophages, with reduced mycobactericidal NO production and higher intracellular M. bovis BCG burden. Thus, GM-CSF pathway overexpression during acute M. tuberculosis infection contributes to an efficient M1 response, and interfering with GM-CSF pathway in the course of infection may impair the host inflammatory response against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulayman Benmerzoug
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Fabio Vitarelli Marinho
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Rose
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - David Gosset
- P@CYFIC Plateform, Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans, France
| | - Delphine Sedda
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Emeline Poisson
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | | | | | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS, UMR7355, Orleans, France.
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
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7
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Zhang J, Guo M, Rao Y, Wang Y, Xian Q, Yu Q, Huang Z, Wang X, Bao R, Yue J, Tang Z, Zhuang K, Zhou L, Li Z. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman infection of cynomolgus macaques of Chinese origin. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3609-3621. [PMID: 30069358 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Nearly one-third of the population worldwide is estimated to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), which represents a vast reservoir for a constant source of tuberculosis (TB) transmission. It has been suggested that cynomolgus macaques are less susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection than rhesus macaques, we examined M.tb infection of Chinese cynomolgus macaques. Methods Eight Chinese cynomolgus macaques were infected with M.tb Erdman strain with a small [25 colony forming unit (CFU)] or large dose (500 CFU) via bronchoscopy. The infected animals were monitored for symptoms and examined by chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT), tuberculin skin test (TST), and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). Results Based on TST conversion and the specific immune responses to M.tb antigens, all animals were successfully infected. Half of the animals developed active infection and died within 15 months postinfection. The other four animals were grouped with latent M.tb infection because of positive TST but few clinical signs and pathological changes of TB during the course of this study. Interestingly, a challenge with a large dose of M.tb also induced latent infection. Similar to the changes that occur with human TB patients, the animals with active infection exhibited weight loss, cough and typical TB pathological changes, including caseous granulomas, cavities, consolidation, lipid pneumonia, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy and bacterial burden in lungs and other organs. Conclusions The low dose of M.tb was sufficient to cause both active and latent M.tb infection in cynomolgus macaques of Chinese origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Rao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiaoyang Xian
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rong Bao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junqiu Yue
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhijiao Tang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhuoya Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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8
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Jeyanathan M, Yao Y, Afkhami S, Smaill F, Xing Z. New Tuberculosis Vaccine Strategies: Taking Aim at Un-Natural Immunity. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:419-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Zondervan NA, van Dam JCJ, Schaap PJ, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Suarez-Diez M. Regulation of Three Virulence Strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Success Story. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E347. [PMID: 29364195 PMCID: PMC5855569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest diseases. Emergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains makes treating tuberculosis increasingly challenging. In order to develop novel intervention strategies, detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the success of this pathogen is required. Here, we review recent literature to provide a systems level overview of the molecular and cellular components involved in divalent metal homeostasis and their role in regulating the three main virulence strategies of M. tuberculosis: immune modulation, dormancy and phagosomal rupture. We provide a visual and modular overview of these components and their regulation. Our analysis identified a single regulatory cascade for these three virulence strategies that respond to limited availability of divalent metals in the phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A Zondervan
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jesse C J van Dam
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Markelstrasse 38, 12163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Prevention of tuberculosis in rhesus macaques by a cytomegalovirus-based vaccine. Nat Med 2018; 24:130-143. [PMID: 29334373 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of global mortality from a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mtb). Here, over two independent Mtb challenge studies, we demonstrate that subcutaneous vaccination of rhesus macaques (RMs) with rhesus cytomegalovirus vectors encoding Mtb antigen inserts (hereafter referred to as RhCMV/TB)-which elicit and maintain highly effector-differentiated, circulating and tissue-resident Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses-can reduce the overall (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) extent of Mtb infection and disease by 68%, as compared to that in unvaccinated controls, after intrabronchial challenge with the Erdman strain of Mtb at ∼1 year after the first vaccination. Fourteen of 34 RhCMV/TB-vaccinated RMs (41%) across both studies showed no TB disease by computed tomography scans or at necropsy after challenge (as compared to 0 of 17 unvaccinated controls), and ten of these RMs were Mtb-culture-negative for all tissues, an exceptional long-term vaccine effect in the RM challenge model with the Erdman strain of Mtb. These results suggest that complete vaccine-mediated immune control of highly pathogenic Mtb is possible if immune effector responses can intercept Mtb infection at its earliest stages.
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11
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Yao Y, Lai R, Afkhami S, Haddadi S, Zganiacz A, Vahedi F, Ashkar AA, Kaushic C, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Enhancement of Antituberculosis Immunity in a Humanized Model System by a Novel Virus-Vectored Respiratory Mucosal Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:135-145. [PMID: 28531291 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The translation of preclinically promising novel tuberculosis vaccines to ultimate human applications has been challenged by the lack of animal models with an immune system equivalent to the human immune system in its genetic diversity and level of susceptibility to tuberculosis. Methods We have developed a humanized mice (Hu-mice) tuberculosis model system to investigate the clinical relevance of a novel virus-vectored (VV) tuberculosis vaccine administered via respiratory mucosal or parenteral route. Results We find that VV vaccine activates T cells in Hu-mice as it does in human vaccinees. The respiratory mucosal route for delivery of VV vaccine in Hu-mice, but not the parenteral route, significantly reduces the humanlike lung tuberculosis outcomes in a human T-cell-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results suggest that the Hu-mouse can be used to predict the protective efficacy of novel tuberculosis vaccines/strategies before they proceed to large, expensive human trials. This new vaccine testing system will facilitate the global pace of clinical tuberculosis vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rocky Lai
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siamak Haddadi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Zganiacz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Selective Killing of Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Marine Natural Products. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00743-17. [PMID: 28607021 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00743-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dormant phenotype acquired by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection poses a major challenge in disease treatment, since these bacilli show tolerance to front-line drugs. Therefore, it is imperative to find novel compounds that effectively kill dormant bacteria. By screening 4,400 marine natural product samples against dual-fluorescent M. tuberculosis under both replicating and nonreplicating conditions, we have identified compounds that are selectively active against dormant M. tuberculosis This validates our strategy of screening all compounds in both assays as opposed to using the dormancy model as a secondary screen. Bioassay-guided deconvolution enabled the identification of unique pharmacophores active in each screening model. To confirm the activity of samples against dormant M. tuberculosis, we used a luciferase reporter assay and enumerated CFU. The structures of five purified active compounds were defined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. We identified two lipid compounds with potent activity toward dormant and actively growing M. tuberculosis strains. One of these was commercially obtained and showed similar activity against M. tuberculosis in both screening models. Furthermore, puupehenone-like molecules were purified with potent and selective activity against dormant M. tuberculosis In conclusion, we have identified and characterized antimycobacterial compounds from marine organisms with novel activity profiles which appear to target M. tuberculosis pathways that are conditionally essential for dormancy survival.
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13
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Allen AR. One bacillus to rule them all? - Investigating broad range host adaptation in Mycobacterium bovis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:68-76. [PMID: 28434972 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Allen
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, AFBI Stormont, Department of Bacteriology, Lamont Building, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom.
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14
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Mourik BC, Lubberts E, de Steenwinkel JEM, Ottenhoff THM, Leenen PJM. Interactions between Type 1 Interferons and the Th17 Response in Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned from Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:294. [PMID: 28424682 PMCID: PMC5380685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical paradigm of tuberculosis (TB) immunity, with a central protective role for Th1 responses and IFN-γ-stimulated cellular responses, has been challenged by unsatisfactory results of vaccine strategies aimed at enhancing Th1 immunity. Moreover, preclinical TB models have shown that increasing IFN-γ responses in the lungs is more damaging to the host than to the pathogen. Type 1 interferon signaling and altered Th17 responses have also been associated with active TB, but their functional roles in TB pathogenesis remain to be established. These two host responses have been studied in more detail in autoimmune diseases (AID) and show functional interactions that are of potential interest in TB immunity. In this review, we first identify the role of type 1 interferons and Th17 immunity in TB, followed by an overview of interactions between these responses observed in systemic AID. We discuss (i) the effects of GM-CSF-secreting Th17.1 cells and type 1 interferons on CCR2+ monocytes; (ii) convergence of IL-17 and type 1 interferon signaling on stimulating B-cell activating factor production and the central role of neutrophils in this process; and (iii) synergy between IL-17 and type 1 interferons in the generation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures and the associated follicular helper T-cell responses. Evaluation of these autoimmune-related pathways in TB pathogenesis provides a new perspective on recent developments in TB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C Mourik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E M de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Interaction of the CD43 Sialomucin with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cpn60.2 Chaperonin Leads to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00915-16. [PMID: 28069816 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00915-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causal agent of tuberculosis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secreted by activated macrophages and lymphocytes are considered essential to contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The CD43 sialomucin has been reported to act as a receptor for bacilli through its interaction with the chaperonin Cpn60.2, facilitating mycobacterium-macrophage contact. We report here that Cpn60.2 induces both human THP-1 cells and mouse-derived bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) to produce TNF-α and that this production is CD43 dependent. In addition, we present evidence that the signaling pathway leading to TNF-α production upon interaction with Cpn60.2 requires active Src family kinases, phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p38, and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), both in BMMs and in THP-1 cells. Our data highlight the role of CD43 and Cpn60.2 in TNF-α production and underscore an important role for CD43 in the host-mycobacterium interaction.
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16
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Villaseñor T, Madrid-Paulino E, Maldonado-Bravo R, Urbán-Aragón A, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Activation of the Wnt Pathway by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Wnt-Wnt Situation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:50. [PMID: 28203237 PMCID: PMC5285348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), an intracellular pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium, is the cause of tuberculosis (TB), a major worldwide human infectious disease. The innate immune system is the first host defense against M. tuberculosis. The recognition of this pathogen is mediated by several classes of pattern recognition receptors expressed on the host innate immune cells, including Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, and C-type lectin receptors like Dectin-1, the Mannose receptor, and DC-SIGN. M. tuberculosis interaction with any of these receptors activates multiple signaling pathways among which the protein kinase C, the MAPK, and the NFκB pathways have been widely studied. These pathways have been implicated in macrophage invasion, M. tuberculosis survival, and impaired immune response, thus promoting a successful infection and disease. Interestingly, the Wnt signaling pathway, classically regarded as a pathway involved in the control of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in embryonic development, has recently been involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms in infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as TB, sepsis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we present the current knowledge supporting a role for the Wnt signaling pathway during macrophage infection by M. tuberculosis and the regulation of the immune response against M. tuberculosis. Understanding the cross talk between different signaling pathways activated by M. tuberculosis will impact on the search for new therapeutic targets to fuel the rational design of drugs aimed to restore the immunological response against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
| | - Edgardo Madrid-Paulino
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
| | - Rafael Maldonado-Bravo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
| | - Antonio Urbán-Aragón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico
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17
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Chukwuanukwu RC, Onyenekwe CC, Martinez‐Pomares L, Flynn R, Singh S, Amilo GI, Agbakoba NR, Okoye JO. Modulation of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during malaria/M. tuberculosis co-infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 187:259-268. [PMID: 27577087 PMCID: PMC5217870 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes significant morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The African region has 24% of the world's TB cases. TB overlaps with other infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV, which are also highly prevalent in the African region. TB is a leading cause of death among HIV-positive patients and co-infection with HIV and TB has been described as a syndemic. In view of the overlapping epidemiology of these diseases, it is important to understand the dynamics of the immune response to TB in the context of co-infection. We investigated the cytokine response to purified protein derivative (PPD) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from TB patients co-infected with HIV or malaria and compared it to that of malaria- and HIV-free TB patients. A total of 231 subjects were recruited for this study and classified into six groups; untreated TB-positive, TB positive subjects on TB drugs, TB- and HIV-positive, TB- and malaria-positive, latent TB and apparently healthy control subjects. Our results demonstrate maintenance of interferon (IFN)-γ production in HIV and malaria co-infected TB patients in spite of lower CD4 counts in the HIV-infected cohort. Malaria co-infection caused an increase in the production of the T helper type 2 (Th2)-associated cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in PPD-stimulated cultures. These results suggest that malaria co-infection diverts immune response against M. tuberculosis towards a Th-2/anti-inflammatory response which might have important consequences for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Chukwuanukwu
- Medical Laboratory Science DepartmentNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNigeria
| | - C. C. Onyenekwe
- Medical Laboratory Science DepartmentNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNigeria
| | | | - R. Flynn
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - S. Singh
- School of LifeUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - G. I. Amilo
- Haematology DepartmentNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNigeria
| | - N. R. Agbakoba
- Medical Laboratory Science DepartmentNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNigeria
| | - J. O. Okoye
- Medical Laboratory Science DepartmentNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi CampusNigeria
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18
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Schinköthe J, Köhler H, Liebler-Tenorio EM. Characterization of tuberculous granulomas in different stages of progression and associated tertiary lymphoid tissue in goats experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Agrawal N, Bhattacharyya C, Mukherjee A, Ullah U, Pandit B, Rao KVS, Majumder PP. Dissecting host factors that regulate the early stages of tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:102-113. [PMID: 27553417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete understanding of mechanisms involved in the host-pathogen interactions constrains our efforts to eliminate tuberculosis. In many individuals, resulting from immune response to mycobacterial infection organised structures called granulomas are formed. To identify host responses that may control at least the early stages of infection, we employed an in vitro granuloma model. Here, human PBMCs were infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture, and the appearance of granuloma-like structures was monitored over the next several days. Production of cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants was monitored at various times, and the resulting temporal profiles were examined for possible correlations with either granuloma formation, or bacterial growth. While a positive association of TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion levels with extent of granuloma formation could clearly be identified, we were, however, unable to detect any statistically significant relationship between any cytokine/chemokine and bacterial growth. Examination of specific host cellular biochemical pathways revealed that either modulation of neutral lipid homeostasis through inhibition of the Gi-protein coupled receptor GPR109A, or regulation of host metabolic pathways through addition of vitamin D, provided a more effective means of controlling infection. A subsequent genotypic analysis for a select subset of genes belonging to pathways known to be significant for TB pathology revealed associations of polymorphisms with cytokine secretions and bacterial growth independently. Collectively therefore, the present study supports that key metabolic pathways of the host cell, rather than levels of relevant cytokines/chemokines might be more critical for regulating the intracellular mycobacterial load, in the context of granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agrawal
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Ankur Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251 West Bengal, India.
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India.
| | - Bhaswati Pandit
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251 West Bengal, India.
| | - Kanury V S Rao
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 110067 New Delhi, India.
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, 741251 West Bengal, India.
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20
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Alingrin J, Coiffard B, Textoris J, Belenotti P, Daumas A, Leone M, Mege JL. Impaired Granuloma Formation in Sepsis: Impact of Monocytopenia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158528. [PMID: 27441846 PMCID: PMC4956217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are a collection of immune cells considered to be protective in infectious diseases. The in vitro generation of granulomas is an interesting substitution to invasive approaches of granuloma study. The monitoring of immune response through the determination of in vitro granuloma formation in patients with severe sepsis may be critical to individualize treatments. We compared the in vitro generation of granulomas by co-culturing circulating mononuclear cells from 19 patients with severe sepsis, 9 patients cured from Q fever and 12 healthy subjects as controls, and Sepharose beads coated either with BCG or Coxiella burnetii extracts to analyze both immune and innate granulomas, respectively. We showed that the great majority of patients with severe sepsis were unable to form granulomas in response to BCG and C. burnetii extracts whereas more than 80% of healthy controls and patients cured from Q fever formed granulomas. We also found that monocytopenia and defective production of tumor necrosis factor were associated with reduced formation of granulomas in patients with severe sepsis even if TNF did not seem to be involved in the defective granuloma formation. Taken together, these results suggest that the deficiency of granuloma formation may be a measurement of altered recruitment and activation of monocytes and lymphocytes in patients with severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Alingrin
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Coiffard
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Belenotti
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Daumas
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Gériatrie et Thérapeutique, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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21
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Hao W, Schlesinger LS, Friedman A. Modeling Granulomas in Response to Infection in the Lung. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148738. [PMID: 26986986 PMCID: PMC4795641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages play a large role in the innate immune response of the lung. However, when these highly immune-regulatory cells are unable to eradicate pathogens, the adaptive immune system, which includes activated macrophages and lymphocytes, particularly T cells, is called upon to control the pathogens. This collection of immune cells surrounds, isolates and quarantines the pathogen, forming a small tissue structure called a granuloma for intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the present work we develop a mathematical model of the dynamics of a granuloma by a system of partial differential equations. The 'strength' of the adaptive immune response to infection in the lung is represented by a parameter α, the flux rate by which T cells and M1 macrophages that immigrated from the lymph nodes enter into the granuloma through its boundary. The parameter α is negatively correlated with the 'switching time', namely, the time it takes for the number of M1 type macrophages to surpass the number of infected, M2 type alveolar macrophages. Simulations of the model show that as α increases the radius of the granuloma and bacterial load in the granuloma both decrease. The model is used to determine the efficacy of potential host-directed therapies in terms of the parameter α, suggesting that, with fixed dosing level, an infected individual with a stronger immune response will receive greater benefits in terms of reducing the bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Hao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology & Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute & Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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22
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Chávez-Galán L, Olleros ML, Vesin D, Garcia I. Much More than M1 and M2 Macrophages, There are also CD169(+) and TCR(+) Macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 26074923 PMCID: PMC4443739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are considered to be precursor cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, and macrophages are one of the leading members of this cellular system. Macrophages play highly diverse roles in maintaining an organism's integrity by either directly participating in pathogen elimination or repairing tissue under sterile inflammatory conditions. There are different subpopulations of macrophages and each one has its own characteristics and functions. In this review, we summarize present knowledge on the polarization of macrophages that allows the generation of subpopulations called classically activated macrophages or M1 and alternative activated macrophages or M2. Furthermore, there are macrophages that their origin and characterization still remain unclear but have been involved as main players in some human pathologies. Thus, we also review three other categories of macrophages: tumor-associated macrophages, CD169(+) macrophages, and the recently named TCR(+) macrophages. Based on the literature, we provide information on the molecular characterization of these macrophage subpopulations and their specific involvement in several human pathologies such as cancer, infectious diseases, obesity, and asthma. The refined characterization of the macrophage subpopulations can be useful in designing new strategies, supplementing those already established for the treatment of diseases using macrophages as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria L. Olleros
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vesin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Appelberg R, Moreira D, Barreira-Silva P, Borges M, Silva L, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Resende M, Correia-Neves M, Jordan MB, Ferreira NC, Abrunhosa AJ, Silvestre R. The Warburg effect in mycobacterial granulomas is dependent on the recruitment and activation of macrophages by interferon-γ. Immunology 2015; 145:498-507. [PMID: 25807843 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are the hallmark of mycobacterial disease. Here, we demonstrate that both the cell recruitment and the increased glucose consumption in granulomatous infiltrates during Mycobacterium avium infection are highly dependent on interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Mycobacterium avium-infected mice lacking IFN-γ signalling failed to developed significant inflammatory infiltrations and lacked the characteristic uptake of the glucose analogue fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). To assess the role of macrophages in glucose uptake we infected mice with a selective impairment of IFN-γ signalling in the macrophage lineage (MIIG mice). Although only a partial reduction of the granulomatous areas was observed in infected MIIG mice, the insensitivity of macrophages to IFN-γ reduced the accumulation of FDG. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assays showed that macrophage activated by IFN-γ displayed increased rates of glucose uptake and in vitro studies showed also that they had increased lactate production and increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes. Overall, our results show that the activation of macrophages by IFN-γ is responsible for the Warburg effect observed in organs infected with M. avium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Appelberg
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Palmira Barreira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Borges
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Letícia Silva
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Sciences, IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Resende
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nuno C Ferreira
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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24
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Saidu AS, Okolocha EC, Gamawa AA, Babashani M, Bakari NA. Occurrence and Distribution of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) in Slaughtered cattle in the abattoirs of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Vet World 2015; 8:432-7. [PMID: 27047110 PMCID: PMC4774856 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.432-437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in slaughtered cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The cause (s) of grossly suspected bTB lesions encountered at the abattoirs during post-mortem (PM), as whether due to Mycobacterium bovis alone or together with other acid fast bacilli (AFB). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional abattoir based study was conducted on 800 cattle slaughtered in the Northern, Central and Southern zonal abattoirs of Bauchi State, Nigeria, from June to August 2013; using PM meat inspection, Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN) and confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: The occurrence of bTB lesions from the organs of slaughtered cattle in Bauchi State, showed that the lungs had the highest number of suspected tissues 65 (54.20%), followed by the lymph nodes 28 (23.30%) while the heart, liver, spleen, intestines and mammary glands had the other 8.3%, 6.7%, 5.0%, 1.7%, and 0.8%, suspected tissues respectively. By ZN microscopic staining all 100% (2/2) of the intestines were positive for bTB, followed by the heart with 50% (5/10), then the lungs 29.23% (19/65); while the liver, lymph nodes, and spleen had 25%, 21.43% and 16.67% respectively were tested positive for bTB. It was only the mammary gland that tested negative for bTB in all the suspected tissues sampled. By PCR, the intestines had the highest positive bTB with 100% (2/2), followed by the liver with 12.5% (1/8), and then the lungs with 7.8% (5/65). The lymph nodes had 7.14% (2/28) tissues that tested positive for bTB. However, the spleen, heart and mammary gland were all tested negative with 0%; indicating that the false positive for bTB detected by ZN were confirmed by PCR. While based on the location of the abattoirs in the three senatorial zones of Bauchi State, Bauchi zonal abattoir had the highest number of suspected bTB cases 75 (62.50%), followed by Katagum zonal slaughter house with 32 (26.7%) and then Misau with 13 (10.8%). By the ZN staining technique, there were 25 (33.33%) positivity in Bauchi Zonal abattoir, while Katagum and Misau abattoirs had 9 (28.13%) and 1 (7.72%) positive respectively. By the PCR technique, 9 (12.00%), 1 (3.13%) and 0 (0.00%) positive cases were recorded for Bauchi, Katagum and Misau abattoirs respectively. Conclusion: The present study estimated the prevalence rate of bTB in Bauchi State, using PM, ZN and PCR techniques at 15.0%, 29.16% and 8.33%, respectively. Bovine TB lesions found at PM were not all due to M. bovis alone, as other MTBC and AFB organisms may cause bTB-like lesions that were excluded by PCR specific primers. The prevalence of bTB was higher in Bauchi abattoir that supplies larger population of the state with beef. These findings also demonstrate the urgent need for public health authorities in the state to intervene in the control of the zoonotic bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Saleh Saidu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - E C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - A A Gamawa
- Department of Animal Health, College of Agriculture, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - M Babashani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - N A Bakari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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25
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Faugaret D, Ben Amara A, Alingrin J, Daumas A, Delaby A, Lépolard C, Raoult D, Textoris J, Mège JL. Granulomatous response to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever: the lessons from gene expression analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:172. [PMID: 25566510 PMCID: PMC4266094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of granulomas is associated with the resolution of Q fever, a zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii; however the molecular mechanisms of granuloma formation remain poorly understood. We generated human granulomas with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and beads coated with C. burnetii, using BCG extracts as controls. A microarray analysis showed dramatic changes in gene expression in granuloma cells of which more than 50% were commonly modulated genes in response to C. burnetii and BCG. They included M1-related genes and genes related to chemotaxis. The inhibition of the chemokines, CCL2 and CCL5, directly interfered with granuloma formation. C. burnetii granulomas also expressed a specific transcriptional profile that was essentially enriched in genes associated with type I interferon response. Our results showed that granuloma formation is associated with a core of transcriptional response based on inflammatory genes. The specific granulomatous response to C. burnetii is characterized by the activation of type 1 interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Faugaret
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France ; AltraBio SAS Lyon, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Alingrin
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Daumas
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
| | - Amélie Delaby
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France ; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Lépolard
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France ; Unité Mixte BioMérieux-HCL, Hôpital Edouard Herriot - Pav P Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095 Marseille, France
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26
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Cilfone NA, Ford CB, Marino S, Mattila JT, Gideon HP, Flynn JL, Kirschner DE, Linderman JJ. Computational modeling predicts IL-10 control of lesion sterilization by balancing early host immunity-mediated antimicrobial responses with caseation during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:664-77. [PMID: 25512604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although almost a third of the world's population is infected with the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, our understanding of the functions of many immune factors involved in fighting infection is limited. Determining the role of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 at the level of the granuloma has proven difficult because of lesional heterogeneity and the limitations of animal models. In this study, we take an in silico approach and, through a series of virtual experiments, we predict several novel roles for IL-10 in tuberculosis granulomas: 1) decreased levels of IL-10 lead to increased numbers of sterile lesions, but at the cost of early increased caseation; 2) small increases in early antimicrobial activity cause this increased lesion sterility; 3) IL-10 produced by activated macrophages is a major mediator of early antimicrobial activity and early host-induced caseation; and 4) increasing levels of infected macrophage derived IL-10 promotes bacterial persistence by limiting the early antimicrobial response and preventing lesion sterilization. Our findings, currently only accessible using an in silico approach, suggest that IL-10 at the individual granuloma scale is a critical regulator of lesion outcome. These predictions suggest IL-10-related mechanisms that could be used as adjunctive therapies during tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Cilfone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Simeone Marino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Hannah P Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Jennifer J Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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27
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Al-Anazi KA, Al-Jasser AM, Alsaleh K. Infections Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2014; 4:231. [PMID: 25207262 PMCID: PMC4144006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infections are uncommon in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These infections are 10-40 times commoner in recipients of stem cell transplantation than in the general population but they are 10 times less in stem cell transplantation recipients compared to solid organ transplant recipients. The incidence of M. tuberculosis infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation ranges between <1 and 16% and varies considerably according to the type of transplant and the geographical location. Approximately 80% of M. tuberculosis infections in stem cell transplant recipients have been reported in patients receiving allografts. Several risk factors predispose to M. tuberculosis infections in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and these are related to the underlying medical condition and its treatment, the pre-transplant conditioning therapies in addition to the transplant procedure and its own complications. These infections can develop as early as day 11 and as late as day 3337 post-transplant. The course may become rapidly progressive and the patient may develop life-threatening complications. The diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infections in stem cell transplant recipients is usually made on clinical grounds, cultures obtained from clinical specimens, tissues biopsies in addition to serology and molecular tests. Unfortunately, a definitive diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infections in these patients may occasionally be difficult to be established. However, M. tuberculosis infections in transplant recipients usually respond well to treatment with anti-tuberculosis agents provided the diagnosis is made early. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in recipients of stem cell transplantation living in endemic areas and presenting with compatible clinical and radiological manifestations. High mortality rates are associated with infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains, miliary or disseminated infections, and delayed initiation of therapy. In recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, isoniazid prophylaxis has specific indications and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination is contraindicated as it may lead to disseminated infection. The finding that M. tuberculosis may maintain long-term intracellular viability in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells complicates the development of effective vaccines and strategies to eliminate tuberculosis. However, the introduction of linezolid, cellular immunotherapy, and immunomodulation in addition to autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation will ultimately have a positive impact on the overall management of infections caused by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed Al-Anazi
- Section of Adult Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid Alsaleh
- Section of Adult Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Zhang J, Xian Q, Guo M, Huang Z, Rao Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Bao R, Evans TG, Hokey D, Sizemore D, Ho WZ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:634-43. [PMID: 25224753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous high global tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates and variable vaccine efficacy of mycobacterium Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) emphasize the need for improved vaccines and drugs against TB, which require clinically relevant animal models for evaluation. We infected a total of 24 Chinese rhesus macaques with varying doses (CFU of 25, 100 and 500) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) Erdman strain via bronchoscopy. Regardless of the M.tb doses, all animals were infected successfully with minor differences in clinical progression; as evidenced by clinical manifestations, laboratory analyses, bacterial burden in infected tissues and histopathology evaluations. Rhesus macaques of Chinese origin are highly susceptible to infection with M.tb Erdman strain and develop acute TB disease, which is similar to that in humans. Pathologically, Chinese rhesus macaques recapitulated the complete spectrum of granulomatous lesions seen in human TB disease. These data indicate that low-dose infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin is a suitable model for acute M.tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiaoyang Xian
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Rao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rong Bao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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29
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Yuk JM, Jo EK. Host immune responses to mycobacterial antigens and their implications for the development of a vaccine to control tuberculosis. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2014; 3:155-67. [PMID: 25003089 PMCID: PMC4083068 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide health problem, causing around 2 million deaths per year. Despite the bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine being available for more than 80 years, it has limited effectiveness in preventing TB, with inconsistent results in trials. This highlights the urgent need to develop an improved TB vaccine, based on a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses during mycobacterial infection. Recent studies have revealed a potential role for autophagy, an intracellular homeostatic process, in vaccine development against TB, through enhanced immune activation. This review attempts to understand the host innate immune responses induced by a variety of protein antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and to identify future vaccine candidates against TB. We focus on recent advances in vaccine development strategies, through identification of new TB antigens using a variety of innovative tools. A new understanding of the host-pathogen relationship, and the usefulness of mycobacterial antigens as novel vaccine candidates, will contribute to the design of the next generation of vaccines, and to improving the host protective immune responses while limiting immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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30
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Williams AC, Dunbar RIM. Big brains, meat, tuberculosis and the nicotinamide switches: co-evolutionary relationships with modern repercussions on longevity and disease? Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:79-87. [PMID: 24767939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Meat eating has been an important trigger for human evolution however the responsible component in meat has not been clearly identified. Here we propose that the limiting factors for expanding brains and increasing longevity were the micronutrient nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and the metabolically related essential amino-acid, tryptophan. Meat offers significant sourcing challenges and lack causes a deficiency of nicotinamide and tryptophan and consequently the energy carrier nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that gets consumed in regulatory circuits important for survival, resulting in premature ageing, poor cognition and brain atrophy. If a trophic supply of dietary nicotinamide/tryptophan is so essential for building brains, constraining their size and connectivity, we hypothesise that back-up mechanisms to ensure the supply evolved. One strategy may be increasing the reliance on gut symbionts to break down celluloses that produces NADH and only nicotinamide indirectly, and may cause diarrhoea. We suggest that a direct supplier was the chronic mycobacterial infection tuberculosis (TB) that is a surprise candidate but it co-evolved early, does not inevitably cause disease (90-95% of those infected are healthy), and secretes (and is inhibited by) nicotinamide. We hypothesise that TB evolved first as a symbiont that enabled humans to cope with short-lived shortages of meat and only later behaved as a pathogen when the supply deteriorated chronically, for those in poverty. (TB immunology and epidemiology is riddled with paradoxes for a conventional pathogen). We test this in pilot data showing that sharp declines in TB (and diarrhoea) - `environmental enteropathy' strongly correlate with increasing meat consumption and therefore nicotinamide exposure, unlike later onset cancers and Parkinson's disease that increased in incidence, perhaps - as we propose a hypothetical hypervitaminosis B3 (to include obesity and the metabolic syndrome) - as the trade-off for increased brain power and longevity, a recently evolved human characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK.
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
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31
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de Martino M, Galli L, Chiappini E. Reflections on the immunology of tuberculosis: will we ever unravel the skein? BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 24564297 PMCID: PMC4015689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many and large dumps exist in our knowledge about Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in infants and children. We still do not understand why some individuals do acquire and others do not acquire the infection in the presence of the same risk factors. We do not understand why some individuals convert from latent to active tuberculosis and why other individuals convert from active to inactive tuberculosis even without treatment. As a matter of fact the immune system mounts a bouncing, robust and polyedral defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the bacillus is so much artful and dextrous that it has ahead from this immunological fierce accoutrements. Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival, multiplication, and transmission are largely favoured by the immune mechanisms. The granuloma itself is more bacillus- than host-protective. These abilities make Mycobacterium tuberculosis one of more successful human pathogens, but dumps in our knowledge and the counterproductive immunity hinder development of new diagnostics, therapies and vaccines. This occurs in front of an infection which engages one third of the world population and a disease which kills in a year about 1.5 million individuals worldwide. Understanding mechanisms and meaning of immune response in tuberculosis marks out the foundations of strategies with a view to prepare effective vaccines and reliable diagnostic tools as well as to build up therapeutic weapons. To gain these objectives is vital and urgent considering that tuberculosis is a common cause of morbidity and is a leading cause of death.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov L Boros
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
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33
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Williams AC, Dunbar RIM. Big brains, meat, tuberculosis, and the nicotinamide switches: co-evolutionary relationships with modern repercussions? Int J Tryptophan Res 2013; 6:73-88. [PMID: 24250227 PMCID: PMC3825668 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat-eating was a game changer for human evolution. We suggest that the limiting factors for expanding brains earlier were scarcities of nicotinamide and tryptophan. In humans and some other omnivores, lack of meat causes these deficiencies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is necessary to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via either glycolysis or via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. NAD consumption is also necessary for developmental and repair circuits. Inadequate supplies result in "de-evolutionary" brain atrophy, as seen with pellagra. If trophic nicotinamide/tryptophan was a "prime mover" in building bigger brains, back-up mechanisms should have evolved. One strategy may be to recruit extra gut symbionts that produce NADH precursors or export nicotinamide (though this may cause diarrhea). We propose a novel supplier TB that co-evolved early, which did not originally and does not now inevitably cause disease. TB has highly paradoxical immunology for a pathogen, and secretes and is inhibited by nicotinamide and its analogue, isoniazid. Sharp declines in TB and diarrhea correlated with increased meat intake in the past, suggesting that dietary vitamin B3 and tryptophan deficiencies (also associated with poor cognition and decreased lifespans) are still common where meat is unaffordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Institute for Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, UK
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