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Chen Y, Xu H, Yu P, Wang Q, Li S, Ji F, Wu C, Lan Q. Interferon-γ inducible protein 30 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype and chemoresistance by activating EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in glioma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:4124-4138. [PMID: 37408388 PMCID: PMC10651985 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have indicated that IFI30 plays a protective role in human cancers. However, its potential roles in regulating glioma development are not fully understood. METHODS Public datasets, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting (WB) were used to evaluate the expression of IFI30 in glioma. The potential functions and mechanisms of IFI30 were examined by public dataset analysis; quantitative real-time PCR; WB; limiting dilution analysis; xenograft tumor assays; CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays; and immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS IFI30 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with corresponding controls, and the expression level of IFI30 was positively associated with tumor grade. Functionally, both in vivo and in vitro evidence showed that IFI30 regulated the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Mechanistically, we found that IFI30 dramatically promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process by activating the EGFR/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. In addition, IFI30 regulated the chemoresistance of glioma cells to temozolomide directly via the expression of the transcription factor Slug, a key regulator of the EMT-like process. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that IFI30 is a regulator of the EMT-like phenotype and acts not only as a prognostic marker but also as a potential therapeutic target for temozolomide-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Shenggang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Fufu Ji
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Chunwang Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuP.R. China
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Liu M, Tao M, Li J, Sang M, Wu X, Luo H, Zhang J. Functional of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase with implications in innate immune reponse depend on CXXC active site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104901. [PMID: 37531973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. The refolded tsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds against an IgG substrate depend on the active site CXXC motif at residues 75-78. The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. Whether a single mutation or a double mutation of active site CXXC at residues75-78, the 3D structure of tsGILT protein has undergone major changes and lost its activity of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Ming Sang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Macy AM, Herrmann LM, Adams AC, Hastings KT. Major histocompatibility complex class II in the tumor microenvironment: functions of nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102330. [PMID: 37130456 PMCID: PMC10524529 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class-II-restricted presentation by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment can regulate antitumor T-cell responses. In murine models, tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression decreases in vivo tumor growth, dependent on T cells. Tumor cell-specific MHC class II expression is associated with improved survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers. Antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAF) present MHC class-II-restricted antigens and activate CD4 T cells. The role of MHC class II on apCAFs depends on the cell of origin. MHC class II on tumoral lymphatic endothelial cells leads to expansion of regulatory T cells and increased in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Macy
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023, USA
| | - Lauren M Herrmann
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023, USA
| | - Anngela C Adams
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023, USA
| | - K Taraszka Hastings
- University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 650 E. Indian School Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Propofol Suppresses Glioma Tumorigenesis by Regulating circ_0047688/miR-516b-5p/IFI30 Axis. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:151-169. [PMID: 35763173 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Propofol has recently attracted increasing attention for its anti-tumor property in cancers, including glioma. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as key regulators in various cancers. However, the relationship between propofol and circ_0047688 in glioma is still unclear. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were determined using transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Protein levels and RNA levels were detected by western blot assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), respectively. The intermolecular interaction was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A mouse xenograft model was established for in vivo experiments. Propofol inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and accelerated apoptosis in glioma cells. Circ_0047688 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, and propofol downregulated circ_0047688 in a dose-dependent manner. Circ_0047688 knockdown inhibited glioma cell progression and its overexpression abated the anti-tumor role of propofol in glioma cells. Moreover, miR-516b-5p was a direct target of circ_0047688, and circ_0047688 promoted glioma cell progression by sponging miR-516b-5p. In addition, IFI30 was a direct target of miR-516b-5p, and miR-516b-5p inhibited glioma cell malignant behaviors by targeting IFI30 in propofol-treated cells. Furthermore, circ_0047688 overexpression could weaken the anti-tumor role of propofol in vivo. Propofol inhibited glioma progression via modulating circ_0047688/miR-516b-5p/IFI30 axis, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of glioma.
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High GILT Expression Is Associated with Improved Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092200. [PMID: 35565329 PMCID: PMC9100272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, with melanoma being among the deadliest of skin cancers due to its propensity to metastasize. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) generate anti-tumor immune responses resulting in improved outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, only a subset of melanoma patients responds to these therapies, which are costly and come with a risk of adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers to predict which patients will respond to ICI. We found that ICI-treated metastatic melanoma patients with high GILT mRNA expression in bulk tumor samples had improved survival. Additionally, high GILT protein expression within metastatic melanoma cells was associated with improved survival in patients treated with ICI. This study suggests that GILT may serve as a biomarker to predict which patients will respond to ICI, which could improve patient care, reduce healthcare costs, and facilitate appropriate selection of therapies for patients with metastatic melanoma. Abstract Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens. There is variable GILT protein expression in malignant melanocytes in melanoma specimens. High GILT mRNA expression in melanoma specimens is associated with improved overall survival, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, the association of GILT in metastatic melanoma with survival in patients treated with ICI and the cell type expressing GILT associated with survival have not been determined. Using RNA sequencing datasets, high GILT mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma specimens was associated with improved progression-free and overall survival in patients treated with ICI. A clinical dataset of metastatic melanoma specimens was generated and annotated with clinical information. Positive GILT immunohistochemical staining in antigen presenting cells and melanoma cells was observed in 100% and 65% of metastatic melanoma specimens, respectively. In the subset of patients treated with ICI in the clinical dataset, high GILT protein expression within melanoma cells was associated with improved overall survival. The association of GILT mRNA and protein expression with survival was independent of cancer stage. These studies support that high GILT mRNA expression in bulk tumor samples and high GILT protein expression in melanoma cells is associated with improved survival in ICI-treated patients. These findings support further investigation of GILT as a biomarker to predict the response to ICI.
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Fei H, Naqvi MAUH, Naqvi SZ, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Trichinella spiralis: Knockdown of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) results in the reduction of worm burden. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009958. [PMID: 34847145 PMCID: PMC8631631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is mammalian skeletal muscles parasite which may cause trichinellosis in animals and humans. Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a widespread superfamily which plays key role in processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. There are no reports about GILT in T. spiralis. In present study, GILT from T. spiralis (Tsp-GILT) was cloned, analyzed by multiple-sequence alignment, and predicted by 3D structure model. Recombinant Tsp-GILT (about 46 kDa) was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and thiol reductase activity suggested that in acidic environment the addition of a reducing agent is needed. Soaking method was used to knockdown expression of Tsp-GILT using small interference RNA (siRNA). Immunofluorescence assay confirmed the transformation of siRNA into muscle larva (ML) and new born larva (NBL). Quantitative real time-PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis revealed that transcription level of Tsp-GILT mRNA can be up-regulated by stimulation of mouse IFN-γ and down-regulated by siRNA2 in vitro. NBLs soaked with siRNA2 showed 32.3% reduction in the generation of MLs. MLs soaked with siRNA2 showed 26.2% reduction in the next generation of MLs, but no significant effect was observed on adult worms or NBLs. These findings concluded that GILT may play important roles in the development of T. spiralis parasite. Trichinella spiralis is the most important pathogen causing trichinellosis of animals and humans. Reports in mammal animals showed that gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) play key roles in processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigens. However, there were no reports about GILT in nematode T. spiralis. In this study, GILT gene from T. spiralis (Tsp-GILT) was cloned and analyzed. The predicted 3D structure of Ts-GILT protein was found similar with that of Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa. To further evaluate the roles of Tsp-GILT in T. spiralis development, a soaking method was used to knockdown the expression of Tsp-GILT gene by siRNA. It was found that NBLs soaked with siRNA showed 32.3% reduction in the generation of MLs, and MLs soaked with siRNA showed 26.2% reduction in the next generation of MLs. Current study concluded that siRNA knockdown of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase from Trichinella spiralis significantly reduce the larval infectivity, development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sana Zahra Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Ye C, Zhou W, Wang F, Yin G, Zhang X, Kong L, Gao Z, Feng M, Zhou C, Sun D, Wang L, Liu L, Zheng C, Xiang Y, Guo M, Huang S, Yu Z. Prognostic value of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase expression in female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:705-717. [PMID: 34648659 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high heterogeneity of breast cancer outcome, identification of novel prognostic biomarkers is critical to improve patient stratification and guide precise treatment. We examined the prognostic value of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) expression in a training set of 416 breast cancer patients and a validation set of 210 patients, and performed functional studies to investigate the functions and underlying mechanisms of GILT on breast cancer prognosis. Our results indicated that high GILT expression in breast cancer cells was associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.189, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.099-0.361) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.080-0.437) of breast cancer patients both in the training set and the external validation set (HR = 0.453, 95% CI: 0.235-0.873 for DFS, HR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.245-0.970 for BCSS). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that GILT overexpression inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor formation in nude mice and increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to standard treatment. Proteomics analysis indicated that GILT inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy activation in breast cancer cells, and GILT overexpression-mediated tumor growth was further enhanced in the presence of autophagy or ROS inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that GILT expression can be effectively used to predict the prognosis and guide treatment strategies of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Ye
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gengshen Yin
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhongcheng Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Man Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dianshui Sun
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujuan Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuya Huang
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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GILT in tumor cells improves T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune surveillance. Immunol Lett 2021; 234:1-12. [PMID: 33838181 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal thiol reductase GILT catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds of protein antigens, facilitating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen to T cells. However, whether GILT expression in tumor cells can be associated with improved T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses remains unknown. Here, we identify that GILT is able to facilitate anti-tumor immune surveillance via promoting MHC class I mediated-antigen presentation in colon carcinoma. By using mice model bearing colon tumors, we find that GILT inhibites tumor growth in vivo with more leucocytes infiltration but has no effect on tumor cell development in vitro in terms of proliferation, cell cycle and migration. Furthermore, by using transgenic OT-I mice, we recognize the tumor-expressing OVA peptide, a surrogate tumor antigen, we find that GILT is capable of enhancing MHC class I mediated antigen presentation and improving specific CD8+ T cell anti-tumor responses in murine colon carcinoma. These findings propose the boost of GILT-MHC-I axis in tumors as a viable option for immune system against cancer.
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9
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Fan Y, Wang X, Li Y. IFI30 expression predicts patient prognosis in breast cancer and dictates breast cancer cells proliferation via regulating autophagy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3342-3352. [PMID: 34400904 PMCID: PMC8364447 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.62870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are increasing in women worldwide. Immunotherapy is a relatively popular treatment modality for all malignant tumors including breast cancer in recent years. Interferon γ-inducible protein 30 (IFI30) could catalyze the reduction of disulfide bonds and enhance major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen processing. Recent studies showed that IFI30 played an important role in the immune response of malignant tumors. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and clinical proteomic tumor Analysis consortium (CPTAC) database were applied to predict the role of IFI30 in breast cancer and the relationship between IFI30 and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Then we detected the expression of IFI30 in clinical samples of breast cancer patients, and analyzed the relationship between IFI30 and the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We used lentivirus infection method to construct a stable IFI30 knockdown cell line, and detected the effect of IFI30 in breast cancer cells. Nude mice tumor bearing experiment was performed to investigate the effect of IFI30 on breast cancer cells in vivo. Western blot was used to verify the regulation of autophagy related protein LC3 and p62 by IFI30. Results: We found that IFI30 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and was associated with poor outcome of patients. The knockdown of IFI30 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Increased accumulation of LC3-II and p62 suggested impaired autophagy in IFI30 knockdown cells. Discussion: As a result, we suggested that IFI30 might play a key role in the initiation and progression of human breast cancer and might be a new therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang , Liaoning, 110001 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang , Liaoning, 110001 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the PRC, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning,110122 China
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10
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Liu X, Song C, Yang S, Ji Q, Chen F, Li W. IFI30 expression is an independent unfavourable prognostic factor in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12433-12443. [PMID: 32969157 PMCID: PMC7686962 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase, the only known lysosomal thiol reductase, is encoded by gene IFI30 and expressed constitutively in antigen-presenting cells. Our comprehensive study on IFI30 in gliomas found its expression to be high in glioblastomas and in gliomas with a mesenchymal subtype or wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase, all of which indicated the malignancy and poor outcomes of gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis ascertained that high IFI30 expression conferred poor outcomes. The IFI30 expression levels also showed high efficiency in predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to define IFI30 as an independent prognostic marker. Biological process analysis suggested that IFI30 was involved in immune responses. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were applied to evaluate immune cell infiltration, with results indicating that samples with higher IFI30 expression had higher infiltration of immune cells, including regulatory T cells and M0 macrophages. Correlation analysis showed that IFI30 was significantly positively correlated with immune checkpoints that suppress effective antitumour immune responses. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed to confirm the association between IFI30 expression and the immune phenotype. The suggested correlation between high IFI30 expression and an immunosuppressive phenotype contributes to our knowledge about the glioma microenvironment and might provide clues for the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubo Yang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurosurgery Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurosurgery Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurosurgery Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Buetow KH, Meador LR, Menon H, Lu YK, Brill J, Cui H, Roe DJ, DiCaudo DJ, Hastings KT. High GILT Expression and an Active and Intact MHC Class II Antigen Presentation Pathway Are Associated with Improved Survival in Melanoma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2577-2587. [PMID: 31591149 PMCID: PMC6832889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The MHC class I Ag presentation pathway in melanoma cells has a well-established role in immune-mediated destruction of tumors. However, the clinical significance of the MHC class II Ag presentation pathway in melanoma cells is less clear. In Ag-presenting cells, IFN-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II-restricted presentation of multiple melanoma Ags. Although not expressed in benign melanocytes of nevi, GILT and MHC class II expression is induced in malignant melanocytes in a portion of melanoma specimens. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas cutaneous melanoma data set showed that high GILT mRNA expression was associated with improved overall survival. Expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β was positively associated with GILT expression in melanoma specimens. These cytokines were capable of inducing GILT expression in human melanoma cells in vitro. GILT protein expression in melanocytes was induced in halo nevi, which are nevi undergoing immune-mediated regression, and is consistent with the association of GILT expression with improved survival in melanoma. To explore potential mechanisms of GILT's association with patient outcome, we investigated pathways related to GILT function and expression. In contrast to healthy skin specimens, in which the MHC class II pathway was nearly uniformly expressed and intact, there was substantial variation in the MHC class II pathway in the The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma specimens. Both an active and intact MHC class II pathway were associated with improved overall survival in melanoma. These studies support a role for GILT and the MHC class II Ag presentation pathway in melanoma outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Buetow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Lydia R Meador
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Hari Menon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Yih-Kuang Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Jacob Brill
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Haiyan Cui
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Denise J Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; and
| | | | - K Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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12
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Mulder TA, Wahlin BE, Österborg A, Palma M. Targeting the Immune Microenvironment in Lymphomas of B-Cell Origin: From Biology to Clinical Application. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070915. [PMID: 31261914 PMCID: PMC6678966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In lymphomas of B-cell origin, cancer cells orchestrate an inflammatory microenvironment of immune and stromal cells that sustain the tumor cell survival and growth, known as a tumor microenvironment (TME). The features of the TME differ between the different lymphoma types, ranging from extremely inflammatory, such as in Hodgkin lymphoma, to anergic, leading to immune deficiency and susceptibility to infections, such as in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Understanding the characteristic features of the TME as well as the interactions between cancer and TME cells has given insight into the pathogenesis of most lymphomas and contributed to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the preclinical data that contributed to clarifying the role of the immune cells in the TME of different types of lymphomas of B-cell origin, and explain how the understanding of the biological background has led to new clinical applications. Moreover, we provide an overview of the clinical results of trials that assessed the safety and efficacy of drugs directly targeting TME immune cells in lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Mulder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn E Wahlin
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzia Palma
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Pang Z, Zhang Y, Liu L. Identification and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:627-634. [PMID: 30529465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a pivotal enzyme involved in the histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen processing whereby it catalyzes the disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. Here, a novel GILT homologue termed as SjGILT firstly identified from common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. SjGILT shared domain topology containing a signal peptide, a signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, an activate-site CXXC motif, two potential N-glycosylation sites and six conserved cysteins with its counterparts in other animals. SjGILT transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues in S. japonica, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as pancreas, intestines, liver and gills. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, SjGILT transcripts were significantly induced in liver and gill tissues, and SjGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Further study showed that recombinant SjGILT had obvious thiol reductase activity demonstrated by reducing the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG under acidic conditions. Taken together, these results suggested that SjGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in S. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Pang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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14
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Chen S, Wang Q, Shao X, Di G, Dai Y, Jiang X, Cheng L. Lentivirus mediated γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) knockdown suppresses human glioma U373MG cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:182-187. [PMID: 30587343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common malignancy in brain carcinoma with poor prognosis due to the lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying the disease. γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a critical role in the process of antigen processing. However, the role of GILT in the tumorigenesis of glioma remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of GILT was analyzed by bioinformatics using the public database and by qPCR in three human glioma cell lines. Cell growth and viability were determined by Celigo and MTT assays, while cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. Giemsa staining was used to analyze the colony formation, while cell motility was assessed using transwell migration and invasion assays, as well as, using tumor growth in nude mice. RESULTS GILT was highly expressed as observed in the public database on human gliomas and two human glioma cell lines, U373MG and U87MG cells. The downregulation of GILT by lentiviral-mediated silencing inhibits the cell growth, colony formation, and migration but promotes apoptosis and results in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the U373MG cells. Also, the knockdown of GILT inhibits tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Elevated GILT is positively associated with glioma progression. GILT silencing suppresses cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and tumor growth, and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. GILT may serve as a potential target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Qifu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Xuefei Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Guangfu Di
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No.2 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Limin Cheng
- Central Laboratory of Microscopic Morphology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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15
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Cao F, Wu H, Lv T, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Hu L, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Li J, Bi X, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular and biological characterization of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:73-78. [PMID: 29729312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens by catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction. Herein, a GILT homolog (ScGILT) was identified from silver carp. Its open reading frame covers 771 base pairs, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids that possesses GILT signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, active-site CXXC motif, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The predicted tertiary structures of ScGILT and other GILTs were quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs. ScGILT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with high-level expression in fish immune organs, spleen and head kidney. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of ScGILT mRNA significantly increased in spleen and head kidney cells, and ScGILT protein translocated to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Recombinant ScGILT fused with a His6 tag was expressed and purified, and could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG at pH 4.5. These results suggested that ScGILT was capable of catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tongtong Lv
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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de Charette M, Houot R. Hide or defend, the two strategies of lymphoma immune evasion: potential implications for immunotherapy. Haematologica 2018; 103:1256-1268. [PMID: 30006449 PMCID: PMC6068015 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evading immune eradication is a prerequisite for neoplastic progression and one of the hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the different immune escape strategies of lymphoma and classify them into two main mechanisms. First, lymphoma cells may “hide” to become invisible to the immune system. This can be achieved by losing or downregulating MHC and/or molecules involved in antigen presentation (including antigen processing machinery and adhesion molecules), thereby preventing their recognition by the immune system. Second, lymphoma cells may “defend” themselves to become resistant to immune eradication. This can be achieved in several ways: by becoming resistant to apoptosis, by expressing inhibitory ligands that deactivate immune cells and/or by inducing an immunosuppressive (humoral and cellular) microenvironment. These immune escape mechanisms may have therapeutic implications. Their identification may be used to guide “personalized immunotherapy” for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033, France .,INSERM, U1236, F-35043, France
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17
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Seliger B, Kloor M, Ferrone S. HLA class II antigen-processing pathway in tumors: Molecular defects and clinical relevance. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1171447. [PMID: 28344859 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1171447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigen-processing machinery (APM) presents to cognate CD4+ T-cells antigenic peptides mainly generated from exogeneous proteins in the endocytic compartment. These CD4+ T cells exert helper function, but may also act as effector cells, thereby recognizing HLA class II antigen-expressing tumor cells. Thus, HLA class II antigen expression by tumor cells influences the tumor antigen (TA)-specific immune responses and, depending on the cancer type, the clinical course of the disease. Many types of human cancers express HLA class II antigens, although with marked differences in their frequency. Some types of cancer lack HLA class II antigen expression, which could be due to structural defects or deregulation affecting different components of the complex HLA class II APM and/or from lack of cytokine(s) in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the information about HLA class II antigen distribution in normal tissues, the structural organization of the HLA class II APM, their expression and regulation in malignant cells, the defects, which have been identified in malignant cells, and their functional and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Martin Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Medical Immunology , Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Departments of Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Abstract
T-cell-mediated immunity has the ability to produce durable antimelanoma responses, resulting in improved survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Antigen presentation is a key determinant of T-cell responses. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II-restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens to CD4+ T cells. However, GILT expression in melanoma has not been defined. We evaluated GILT and MHC class II expression in human primary and metastatic melanomas and nevi using immunohistochemical analysis. GILT staining in melanocytes was observed in 70% of primary and 58% of metastatic melanomas versus 0% of nevi. When present, the GILT staining intensity in melanocytes was typically faint. Both GILT and MHC class II expression were increased in melanocytes of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi. GILT staining in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was detected in 100% of primary and metastatic melanomas versus 31% of nevi, and it was typically intense. GILT expression was increased in APCs of primary and metastatic melanomas compared with nevi, whereas MHC class II had equivalent high expression in APCs of all melanocytic lesions. GILT staining in keratinocytes was detected in 67% of primary melanomas versus 14% of nevi and 6% of metastatic melanomas. GILT, but not MHC class II, expression was increased in keratinocytes of primary melanomas compared with nevi and metastases. GILT expression is anticipated to result in improved presentation of melanoma antigens and more effective antimelanoma T-cell responses. GILT expression may be a biomarker of immune recognition of melanoma.
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Coiffier B, Sarkozy C. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: R-CHOP failure-what to do? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2016; 2016:366-378. [PMID: 27913503 PMCID: PMC6142522 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), ∼30% to 50% of patients are not cured by this treatment, depending on disease stage or prognostic index. Among patients for whom R-CHOP therapy fails, 20% suffer from primary refractory disease (progress during or right after treatment) whereas 30% relapse after achieving complete remission (CR). Currently, there is no good definition enabling us to identify these 2 groups upon diagnosis. Most of the refractory patients exhibit double-hit lymphoma (MYC-BCL2 rearrangement) or double-protein-expression lymphoma (MYC-BCL2 hyperexpression) which have a more aggressive clinical picture. New strategies are currently being explored to obtain better CR rates and fewer relapses. Although young relapsing patients are treated with high-dose therapy followed by autologous transplant, there is an unmet need for better salvage regimens in this setting. To prevent relapse, maintenance therapy with immunomodulatory agents such as lenalidomide is currently undergoing investigation. New drugs will most likely be introduced over the next few years and will probably be different for relapsing and refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Coiffier
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Clémentine Sarkozy
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
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20
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu L, Lu J, Sang M, Zhang S. Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:689-696. [PMID: 26477576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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21
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22
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Rausch MP, Hastings KT. Diverse cellular and organismal functions of the lysosomal thiol reductase GILT. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:124-8. [PMID: 26116226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is the only enzyme known to catalyze disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. GILT facilitates the presentation of a subset of epitopes from disulfide bond-containing antigens. Enhanced presentation of MHC class II-restricted epitopes alters central tolerance and modulates CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Improved cross-presentation of viral epitopes results in improved cross-priming of viral-specific CD8+ T cells. GILT regulates the cellular redox state. In GILT-/- cells, there is a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form of glutathione, resulting in mitochondrial autophagy, decreased superoxide dismutase 2, and elevated superoxide levels. GILT expression diminishes cellular activation, including decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2, and decreases cellular proliferation. GILT enhances the activity of bacterial hemolysins, such as listeriolysin O, and increases bacterial replication and infection. GILT expression in cancer cells is associated with improved patient survival. These diverse roles of GILT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Rausch
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, AZ, USA
| | - Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, AZ, USA; Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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23
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Bryant T, Lightfoot S, Collin PD, Steele VE, Rao CV. Improved innate immune responses by Frondanol A5, a sea cucumber extract, prevent intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:327-37. [PMID: 25657017 PMCID: PMC4839268 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are a source of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. We show that sea cucumber extract Frondanol A5 is capable of enhancing innate immune responses and inhibiting intestinal tumors in APC(Min/+) mice. APC(Min/+) mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 250, or 500 ppm FrondanolA5 for 14 weeks before we assessed intestinal tumor inhibition. Dietary Frondanol A5 suppressed small intestinal polyp sizes and formation up to 30% (P < 0.02) in males and up to 50% (P < 0.01) in females. Importantly, 250 and 500 ppm Frondanol A5 diet suppressed colon tumor multiplicities by 65% (P < 0.007) and 75% (P < 0.0001), compared with untreated male APC(Min/+) mice. In female APC(Min/+) mice, both dose levels of Frondanol A5 suppressed colon tumor multiplicities up to 80% (P < 0.0001). Isolated peritoneal macrophages from treated mice showed increased phagocytosis efficiency (control 24% vs. treated 50%; P < 0.01) and an increase in GILT mRNA expression, indicating increased innate immune responses by these cells in treated animals. Similarly, we observed an increase in GILT expression in treated tumors, compared with untreated tumors. Furthermore, an increase in G-CSF cytokine, a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and marker 5-LOX, its regulator FLAP, proliferation (PCNA), and angiogenesis (VEGF) markers were observed in treatment groups. These data suggest that Frondanol A5 decreased inflammatory angiogenic molecules and increased GILT expression and macrophage phagocytosis. These decreases may have improved the innate immune systems of the treated mice, thus aiding in inhibition of intestinal tumor formation. These results suggest that Frondanol A5 exhibits significant chemopreventive potential against intestinal tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Complex Mixtures/pharmacology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, APC/physiology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intestinal Neoplasms/immunology
- Intestinal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Intestinal Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sea Cucumbers/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Taylor Bryant
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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24
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Screening for candidate genes related to breast cancer with cDNA microarray analysis. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2015; 1:65-72. [PMID: 29062989 PMCID: PMC5643563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to reveal the exact changes during the occurrence of breast cancer to explore significant new and promising genes or factors related to this disease. Methods We compared the gene expression profiles of breast cancer tissues with its uninvolved normal breast tissues as controls using the cDNA microarray analysis in seven breast cancer patients. Further, one representative gene, named IFI30, was quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR to confirm the result of the cDNA microarray analysis. Results A total of 427 genes were identified with significantly differential expression, 221 genes were up-regulated and 206 genes were down-regulated. And the result of cDNA microarray analysis was validated by detection of IFI30 mRNA level changes by real-time PCR. Genes for cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, apoptosis, and immune response were enriched in the up-regulated genes, while genes for cell adhesion, proteolysis, and transport were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes in breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast tissues by a gene ontology analysis. Conclusion Our present study revealed a range of differentially expressed genes between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues, and provide candidate genes for further study focusing on the pathogenesis and new biomarkers for breast cancer.
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25
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Xiang YJ, Guo MM, Zhou CJ, Liu L, Han B, Kong LY, Gao ZC, Ma ZB, Wang L, Feng M, Chen HY, Jia GT, Gao DZ, Zhang Q, Li L, Li YY, Yu ZG. Absence of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is associated with poor disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109449. [PMID: 25333930 PMCID: PMC4204821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunosurveillance is known to be of critical importance in controlling tumorigenesis and progression in various cancers. The role of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) in tumor immunosurveillance has recently been studied in several malignant diseases, but its role in breast cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found GILT as a significant different expressed gene by cDNA microarray analysis. To further determine the role of GILT in breast cancer, we examined GILT expression in breast cancers as well as noncancerous breast tissues by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, and assessed its association with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcome. The absence of GILT expression increased significantly from 2.02% (2/99) in noncancerous breast tissues to 15.6% (34/218) in breast cancer tissues (P<0.001). In accordance with its proliferation inhibiting function, GILT expression was inversely correlated with Ki67 index (P<0.05). In addition, absence of GILT was positively correlated with adverse characteristics of breast cancers, such as histological type, tumor size, lymph nodes status, and pTNM stage (P<0.05). Consistently, breast cancers with reduced GILT expression had poorer disease-free survival (P<0.005). Moreover, significantly decreased expression of GILT was found in both primary and metastatic breast cancer cells, in contrast to normal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that GILT may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, in line with its previously suggested role in anti-tumor immunity. Thus, GILT has the potential to be a novel independent prognostic factor in breast cancer and further studies are needed to illustrate the underlying mechanism of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Kong
- Department of Breast Diseases, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Bing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Chen
- Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, and Central Laboratory for Experimental Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Hastings KT. GILT: Shaping the MHC Class II-Restricted Peptidome and CD4(+) T Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:429. [PMID: 24409178 PMCID: PMC3885806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class II-restricted antigen processing pathway generates peptide:MHC complexes in the endocytic pathway for the activation of CD4(+) T cells. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) reduces protein disulfide bonds in the endocytic compartment, thereby exposing buried epitopes for MHC class II binding and presentation. T cell hybridoma responses and elution of MHC class II bound peptides have identified GILT-dependent epitopes, GILT-independent epitopes, and epitopes that are more efficiently presented in the absence of GILT termed GILT-prevented epitopes. GILT-mediated alteration in the MHC class II-restricted peptidome modulates T cell development in the thymus and peripheral tolerance and influences the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Recent studies suggest an emerging role for GILT in the response to pathogens and cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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