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Eckert D, Evic M, Schang J, Isbruch M, Er M, Dörrschuck L, Rapp F, Donaubauer AJ, Gaipl US, Frey B, Fournier C. Osteo-immunological impact of radon spa treatment: due to radon or spa alone? Results from the prospective, thermal bath placebo-controlled RAD-ON02 trial. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1284609. [PMID: 38292488 PMCID: PMC10824901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are associated with pain and lead to reduced mobility and quality of life for patients. Radon therapy is used as alternative or complementary to pharmaceutical treatments. According to previous reports, radon spa leads to analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are widely unknown. A previous study (RAD-ON01) revealed, that bone erosion markers like collagen fragments (C-terminal telopeptide, CTX) are reduced after radon spa treatment in serum of patients with degenerative MSDs. Within the scope of the prospective, placebo-controlled RAD-ON02 trial presented here, we analyzed the influence of radon and thermal spa treatment on osteoclastogenesis. From patient blood, we isolate monocytes, seeded them on bone slices and differentiated them in the presence of growth factors into mature osteoclasts (mOCs). Subsequent analysis showed a smaller fraction of mOCs after both treatments, which was even smaller after radon spa treatment. A significantly reduced resorbed area on bone slices reflects this result. Only after radon spa treatment, we detected in the serum of patients a significant decrease of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which indicates reduced differentiation of OCs. However, other markers for bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (OPG, OCN) were not altered after both treatments. Adipokines, such as visfatin and leptin that play a role in some MSD-types by affecting osteoclastogenesis, were not changed after both treatments. Further, also immune cells have an influence on osteoclastogenesis, by inhibiting and promoting terminal differentiation and activation of OCs, respectively. After radon treatment, the fraction of Treg cells was significantly increased, whereas Th17 cells were not altered. Overall, we observed that both treatments had an influence on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Moreover, radon spa treatment affected the Treg cell population as well as the Th17/Treg ratio were affected, pointing toward a contribution of the immune system after radon spa. These data obtained from patients enrolled in the RAD-ON02 trial indicate that radon is not alone responsible for the effects on bone metabolism, even though they are more pronounced after radon compared to thermal spa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Eckert
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Megi Evic
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Schang
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maike Isbruch
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Melissa Er
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lea Dörrschuck
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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Przylibski TA, Staśko S, Domin E. Radon groundwater in a radon-prone area: possible uses and problems: an example from SW part of Kłodzko Valley, Sudetes, SW Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4539-4555. [PMID: 35133517 PMCID: PMC9675655 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes research aimed at expanding scientific knowledge of radioactive isotope 222Rn occurrence in groundwaters flowing in crystalline rocks, including its spatial and temporal changes. The research, conducted in an area characterized by medium radon potential, was intended to determine the values of 222Rn activity concentration in groundwater in this type of areas. The 222Rn activity concentration in groundwaters discharged from investigated springs oscillated between 35.3 and 272.0 Bq/L. The authors discovered possible prevalence of radon groundwaters in areas with medium radon potential, which is the reason why all groundwaters intended for human consumption or household use in such areas should be subject to obligatory monitoring of 222Rn activity concentration. In the event of identifying occurrence of waters with 222Rn activity concentration of at least 100 Bq/L, their purification by removing radon is necessary before they are supplied to a water distribution network. At the same time, the research area can be regarded as an area with potentially medicinal radon water occurrence. Therefore, in areas with medium radon potential, groundwaters which are not suitable as a source of drinking water due to very high 222Rn activity concentration in them can be used as medicinal radon waters in therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz A. Przylibski
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Division of Geology and Mineral Waters, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Staśko
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of General Hydrogeology, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Domin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Division of Geology and Mineral Waters, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Kataoka T, Naoe S, Murakami K, Fujimoto Y, Yukimine R, Tanaka A, Yamaoka K. Immunomodulatory Effects of Radon Inhalation on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10632. [PMID: 36078348 PMCID: PMC9518351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Typical indications for radon therapy include autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We had previously reported that radon inhalation inhibits Th17 immune responses in RA mice by activating Th1 and Th2 immune responses. However, there are no reports on how radon inhalation affects the activated Th1 and Th17 immune responses, and these findings may be useful for identifying new indications for radon therapy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of radon inhalation on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response, focusing on the expression of related cytokines and antioxidant function. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to 2000 Bq/m3 radon for one day. Immediately after radon inhalation, LPS was administered intraperitoneally at 1.0 mg/kg body weight for 4 h. LPS administration increased the levels of Th1- and Th17-prone cytokines, such as interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, compared to no treatment control (sham). However, these effects were suppressed by radon inhalation. IL-10 levels were significantly increased by LPS administration, with or without radon inhalation, compared to sham. However, radon inhalation did not inhibit oxidative stress induced by LPS administration. These findings suggest that radon inhalation has immunomodulatory but not antioxidative functions in LPS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaito Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yukimine
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Eckert D, Rapp F, Tsedeke AT, Kraft D, Wente I, Molendowska J, Basheer S, Langhans M, Meckel T, Friedrich T, Donaubauer AJ, Becker I, Frey B, Fournier C. Modulation of Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity of Human (Pre-) Osteoclasts After X-Ray Exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817281. [PMID: 35603191 PMCID: PMC9116137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) is a local treatment option for patients with chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases, in particular musculoskeletal diseases. Despite reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, cellular and molecular mechanisms related to osteoimmunological effects are still elusive. Here we test the hypothesis that X-irradiation inhibits the differentiation of precursor osteoclasts into mature osteoclasts (mOC) and their bone resorbing activity. Circulating monocytes from healthy donors were isolated and irradiated after attachment with single or fractionated X-ray doses, comparable to an LD-RT treatment scheme. Then monocytes underwent ex vivo differentiation into OC during cultivation up to 21 days, under conditions mimicking the physiological microenvironment of OC on bone. After irradiation, apoptotic frequencies were low, but the total number of OC precursors and mOC decreased up to the end of the cultivation period. On top, we observed an impairment of terminal differentiation, i.e. a smaller fraction of mOC, reduced resorbing activity on bone, and release of collagen fragments. We further analyzed the effect of X-irradiation on multinucleation, resulting from the fusion of precursor OC, which occurs late during OC differentiation. At 21 days after exposure, the observation of smaller cellular areas and a reduced number of nuclei per mOC suggest an impaired fusion of OC precursors to form mOC. Before, at 14 days, the nuclear translocation of Nuclear Factor Of Activated T Cells 1 (NFATc1), a master regulator of osteoclast differentiation and fusion, was decreased. In first results, obtained in the frame of a longitudinal LD-RT study, we previously reported a pain-relieving effect in patients. However, in a subgroup of patients suffering from Calcaneodynia or Achillodynia, we did not observe a consistent decrease of established blood markers for resorption and formation of bone, or modified T cell subtypes involved in regulating these processes. To assess the relevance of changes in bone metabolism for other diseases treated with LD-RT will be subject of further studies. Taken together, we observed that in vitro X-irradiation of monocytes results in an inhibition of the differentiation into bone-resorbing OC and a concomitant reduction of resorbing activity. The detected reduced NFATc1 signaling could be one underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Eckert
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ayele Taddese Tsedeke
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniela Kraft
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Isabell Wente
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jessica Molendowska
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sidra Basheer
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Langhans
- Department of Macromolecular and Paper Chemistry and Membrane Dynamics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Department of Macromolecular and Paper Chemistry and Membrane Dynamics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Department of Biophysics, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Deloch L, Hehlgans S, Rückert M, Maier A, Hinrichs A, Flohr AS, Eckert D, Weissmann T, Seeling M, Nimmerjahn F, Fietkau R, Rödel F, Fournier C, Frey B, Gaipl US. Radon Improves Clinical Response in an Animal Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis Accompanied by Increased Numbers of Peripheral Blood B Cells and Interleukin-5 Concentration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040689. [PMID: 35203348 PMCID: PMC8870723 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radon treatment is used as an established therapy option in chronic painful inflammatory diseases. While analgesic effects are well described, little is known about the underlying molecular effects. Among the suspected mechanisms are modulations of the anti-oxidative and the immune system. Therefore, we aimed for the first time to examine the beneficial effects of radon exposure on clinical outcome as well as the underlying mechanisms by utilizing a holistic approach in a controlled environment of a radon chamber with an animal model: K/BxN serum-induced arthritic mice as well as isolated cells were exposed to sham or radon irradiation. The effects on the anti-oxidative and the immune system were analyzed by flow-cytometry, qPCR or ELISA. We found a significantly improved clinical disease progression score in the mice, alongside significant increase of peripheral blood B cells and IL-5. No significant alterations were visible in the anti-oxidative system or regarding cell death. We conclude that neither cell death nor anti-oxidative systems are responsible for the beneficial effects of radon exposure in our preclinical model. Rather, radon slightly affects the immune system. However, more research is still needed in order to fully understand radon-mediated effects and to carry out reasonable risk-benefit considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8544279
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.H.); (F.R.)
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (A.H.); (D.E.); (C.F.)
| | - Annika Hinrichs
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (A.H.); (D.E.); (C.F.)
- Department of Physics, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Flohr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denise Eckert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (A.H.); (D.E.); (C.F.)
| | - Thomas Weissmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
| | - Michaela Seeling
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (F.N.)
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.S.); (F.N.)
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.H.); (F.R.)
| | - Claudia Fournier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (A.H.); (D.E.); (C.F.)
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.-S.F.); (T.W.); (R.F.); (B.F.); (U.S.G.)
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Cheleschi S, Tenti S, Seccafico I, Gálvez I, Fioravanti A, Ortega E. Balneotherapy year in review 2021: focus on the mechanisms of action of balneotherapy in rheumatic diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8054-8073. [PMID: 34845635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Balneotherapy (BT) is one of the most commonly used non-pharmacologic complementary therapies for different rheumatic diseases. Its beneficial properties probably derived from a combination of mechanical, thermal, and chemical effects, but the exact mechanism of action is not elucidated. This review aimed at summarizing the current knowledge about the effects of BT, and identifying its possible mechanism of action in different rheumatic diseases. Pubmed and Scopus were used to perform a search of the literature to extract articles including terms related to BT and rheumatic diseases published in the period from 2010 to 2021. We selected pre-clinical studies, randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials. The results of clinical studies confirmed the beneficial properties on different mediators and factors of inflammation, oxidative stress, cartilage metabolism, and humoral and cellular immune responses in patients affected by chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorders. The data derived from OA and RA-induced murine models revealed the efficacy of different BT treatments in decreasing pain, inflammation, and improving mobility, as well as in reducing the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes and markers of oxidative stress damage. Different in vitro studies analyzed the potential effect of a mineral water, as a whole, or of a mineral element, demonstrating their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroprotective properties in OA cartilage, synoviocytes and chondrocytes, and osteoblast and osteoclast cultures. The presented data are promising and confirm BT as an effective complementary approach in the management of several low-grade inflammation, degenerative, and stress-related pathologies, as rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cheleschi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Iole Seccafico
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabel Gálvez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071, Badajoz, Spain
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071, Badajoz, Spain
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
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7
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Exploration and Investigation of High-Level Radon Medicinal Springs in the Crystalline Units: Lugicum. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive (radon) groundwaters are highly valued among mineral waters for their healing effects. Between 2005 and 2015, a large exploratory event for prospecting and documenting radon water springs took place in the crystalline area of Lugicum (Bohemian Massif) under Czech–Polish cooperation. For these purposes, an exploration method was developed as a combination of GIS (ArcMap 9.1–10.2) area preparation followed by field radiohydrogeochemical mapping at a scale of 1:10,000. The gamma indication method was optimized and used for the selection of water samples. A total of 2354 water sources were examined. Radon activity concentrations were measured at 660 sources found throughout the territory. Of those, 111 sources exhibited 222Rn activity above 1500 Bq/L and, thus, were categorized as sources of mineral radioactive waters according to Czech legislation. The highest 222Rn activity was found in the Michael spring near Nové Město pod Smrkem (up to 6237 Bq/L 222Rn). Many discovered sources with high balneological potential are significant and, therefore, are quickly becoming popular among the public.
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Kataoka T, Naoe S, Murakami K, Yukimine R, Fujimoto Y, Kanzaki N, Sakoda A, Mitsunobu F, Yamaoka K. Mechanisms of action of radon therapy on cytokine levels in normal mice and rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:154-159. [PMID: 35400822 PMCID: PMC8921724 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical indication of radon therapy is rheumatoid arthritis. Although there are several reports that radon therapy has regulation effects on Th17 cells, there has been no study reporting that radon inhalation affects the immune balance among Th1, Th2, and Th17. The purpose of this study is to examine the cytokine changes after radon inhalation. BALB/c mice inhaled radon at 2,000 Bq/m3 for 2 or 4 weeks. SKG/Jcl mice inhaled radon at 2,000 Bq/m3 for 4 weeks after zymosan administration. The results showed that radon inhalation for 4 weeks activated the immune response of Th1, Th2, and Th17. Moreover, the balance among them was not lost by radon inhalation. Radon inhalation for 4 weeks decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased catalase activity in spleen. These findings suggest that an imbalance of oxidative stress may contribute to activate the immune response. Although zymosan administration activated Th17 immune response and decreased Th1 and Th2 immune response in SKG/Jcl mice, most cytokines related to Th1, Th2, and Th17 approached the normal level by radon inhalation. These findings suggested that radon inhalation has a different action between SKG/Jcl mice and normal BABL/c mice. This may indicate that radon inhalation has an immunomodulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | | | | | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Fumihiro Mitsunobu
- Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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9
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ROS- and Radiation Source-Dependent Modulation of Leukocyte Adhesion to Primary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010072. [PMID: 35011634 PMCID: PMC8750044 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose irradiation often follow a non-linear dose–effect relationship. These characteristics were also described for the modulation of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Previous results further revealed a contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidative factors to a reduced leukocyte adhesion. Here, we evaluated the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes and the transcription factor Nrf2 (Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2), intracellular ROS content, and leukocyte adhesion in primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) upon low-dose irradiation under physiological laminar shear stress or static conditions after irradiation with X-ray or Carbon (C)-ions (0–2 Gy). Laminar conditions contributed to increased mRNA expression of anti-oxidative factors and reduced ROS in HMVEC following a 0.1 Gy X-ray and 0.5 Gy C-ion exposure, corresponding to reduced leukocyte adhesion and expression of adhesion molecules. By contrast, mRNA expression of anti-oxidative markers and adhesion molecules, ROS, and leukocyte adhesion were not altered by irradiation under static conditions. In conclusion, irradiation of endothelial cells with low doses under physiological laminar conditions modulates the mRNA expression of key factors of the anti-oxidative system, the intracellular ROS contents of which contribute at least in part to leucocyte adhesion, dependent on the radiation source.
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10
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Fernandez-Gonzalez M, Fernandez-Lao C, Martin-Martin L, Gonzalez-Santos A, Lopez-Garzon M, Ortiz-Comino L, Lozano-Lozano M. Therapeutic Benefits of Balneotherapy on Quality of Life of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413216. [PMID: 34948827 PMCID: PMC8701266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. RA symptoms make the disease disabling and strongly impact the quality of life of patients. Among the available forms of treatment, balneotherapy seems to be one of the most common forms of nonpharmacological treatment for rheumatic disease. The aim was to explore the effectiveness of balneotherapy for improving the quality of life of patients with RA. Methods: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane library were searched for randomized or clinical controlled trials published in English or Spanish until May 2021. Risk of bias of included articles were assessed using the Cochrane tool. A total 535 records were retrieved, and seven met the inclusion criteria. All the included studies showed statistically significant improvements in the quality of life of patients who received balneotherapy treatment despite differences in treatment administration. Sessions should be approximately 20 min long and use natural mineral waters enriched with elements, or mud, at a water temperature between 35–38 °C. Conclusions: Balneotherapy benefits the quality of life of people with RA. The obtained results show positive effects for both mineral bathing and immersion in sand or mud on the quality of life of people who suffer from RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Carolina Fernandez-Lao
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.F.-L.); (L.M.-M.)
| | - Lydia Martin-Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.F.-L.); (L.M.-M.)
| | - Angela Gonzalez-Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Garzon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia Ortiz-Comino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Lozano-Lozano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (A.G.-S.); (M.L.-G.); (L.O.-C.); (M.L.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18016 Granada, Spain
- “Cuídate” Support Unit for Oncology Patients, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18010 Granada, Spain
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11
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Kim HN, Richardson KK, Krager KJ, Ling W, Simmons P, Allen AR, Aykin-Burns N. Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays Modify Mitochondrial Metabolism in Osteoclasts, Increase Osteoclastogenesis and Cause Trabecular Bone Loss in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11711. [PMID: 34769141 PMCID: PMC8583929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Space is a high-stress environment. One major risk factor for the astronauts when they leave the Earth's magnetic field is exposure to ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Several adverse changes occur in mammalian anatomy and physiology in space, including bone loss. In this study, we assessed the effects of simplified GCR exposure on skeletal health in vivo. Three months following exposure to 0.5 Gy total body simulated GCR, blood, bone marrow and tissue were collected from 9 months old male mice. The key findings from our cell and tissue analysis are (1) GCR induced femoral trabecular bone loss in adult mice but had no effect on spinal trabecular bone. (2) GCR increased circulating osteoclast differentiation markers and osteoclast formation but did not alter new bone formation or osteoblast differentiation. (3) Steady-state levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial respiration were increased without any changes in mitochondrial mass in pre-osteoclasts after GCR exposure. (4) Alterations in substrate utilization following GCR exposure in pre-osteoclasts suggested a metabolic rewiring of mitochondria. Taken together, targeting radiation-mediated mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of osteoclasts could be speculated as a viable therapeutic strategy for space travel induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kimberly K. Richardson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Wen Ling
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research and Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Pilar Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Antino R. Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (K.J.K.); (P.S.); (A.R.A.)
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12
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Kalahasthi R, Bagepally BS, Barman T. Association between Musculoskeletal Pain and Bone Turnover Markers in Long-Term Pb-Exposed Workers. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00522. [PMID: 34698656 PMCID: PMC8957687 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: On chronic exposure, Lead (Pb) deposits in the skeletal system, replaces calcium ions, and alters the normal physiological processes, which in turn, lead to stunting, delayed fracture healing, and high resorption of collagen molecules. The present study aimed to assess the association of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort with bone turnover markers (BTMs) among long-term Pb-exposed workers.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: The study recruited 176 male Pb-exposed workers and 80 control subjects who were matched for age, gender, and socio-economic status. Blood lead levels (BLLs), bone growth markers, such as serum osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and bone resorption markers: serum pyridinoline (Pry), deoxypyridinoline (DPry), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b(TRACP-5b), and hydroxyproline in urine (HyP-U) of participants were investigated. Pain and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system were assessed using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.
Results: Pb-exposure was significantly associated with musculoskeletal discomfort of the lower back (P<0.001), upper back (P<0.001), and ankle/foot (P=0.011). Among bone formation markers, serum OC was significantly lower in musculoskeletal discomfort of elbows (P=0.033) and ankle/foot (P=0.042). Among bone resorption markers, serum DPry was significantly lower in musculoskeletal discomfort of the neck (P=0.049) and shoulders (P=0.023). HyP-U was significantly higher in musculoskeletal discomfort of shoulders (P=0.035) and lower back (P=0.036).
Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, Pb-exposure was associated with musculoskeletal discomfort of the lower back, upper back, and ankle/foot. Lower bone formation (serum OC) marker was noted with musculoskeletal discomfort of elbows and ankle/foot. Furthermore, bone resorption markers were associated with musculoskeletal discomfort of the neck, shoulders, and lower back. The findings of the present study suggested that long-term Pb-exposure and BTMs were associated with musculoskeletal discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR Complex, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Tapu Barman
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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13
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Lv X, Wang J, Bao Y, Tang Y, Xing W, Wu Q, Mao G, Wang G. The effectiveness of balneotherapy and aquatic exercise on bone metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101429. [PMID: 34167042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy and/or aquatic exercise on bone metabolism. DESIGN A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to January 4, 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effect model according to study heterogeneity. RESULTS Seven articles involving 467 participants were selected. Three balneotherapy studies were qualitatively integrated. The results showed that bone resorption slowed down with or without stimulation of bone formation. A pooled meta-analysis of four studies on aquatic exercise showed significant evidence for a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH; SMD = -0.71; 95% CI, -1.04 to -0.38; P < 0.001), and a significant increase in osteocalcin (OC; SMD = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.03; P = 0.007) after aquatic exercise. CONCLUSION Balneotherapy and aquatic exercise had significant effects on bone metabolism, reducing bone resorption and/or increasing bone formation. This study highlights the importance of balneotherapy and aquatic exercise for bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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14
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Lumniczky K, Impens N, Armengol G, Candéias S, Georgakilas AG, Hornhardt S, Martin OA, Rödel F, Schaue D. Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106212. [PMID: 33293042 PMCID: PMC8784945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in many ways with a multiplicity that mirrors the complexity of the immune system itself: namely the need to maintain a delicate balance between different compartments, cells and soluble factors that work collectively to protect, maintain, and restore tissue function in the face of severe challenges including radiation damage. The cytotoxic effects of high dose radiation are less relevant after low dose exposure, where subtle quantitative and functional effects predominate that may go unnoticed until late after exposure or after a second challenge reveals or exacerbates the effects. For example, low doses may permanently alter immune fitness and therefore accelerate immune senescence and pave the way for a wide spectrum of possible pathophysiological events, including early-onset of age-related degenerative disorders and cancer. By contrast, the so called low dose radiation therapy displays beneficial, anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data regarding the effects of low-dose radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of immune cells will be discussed, as will be the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in the systemic manifestation of localized exposures such as inflammatory reactions. The central conclusion is that ionizing radiation fundamentally and durably reshapes the immune system. Further, the importance of discovery of immunological pathways for modifying radiation resilience amongst other research directions in this field is implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Department of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosciences Expert Group, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Serge Candéias
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA.
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15
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Maier A, Wiedemann J, Rapp F, Papenfuß F, Rödel F, Hehlgans S, Gaipl US, Kraft G, Fournier C, Frey B. Radon Exposure-Therapeutic Effect and Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010316. [PMID: 33396815 PMCID: PMC7796069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely unnoticed, all life on earth is constantly exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Radon, an imperceptible natural occurring radioactive noble gas, contributes as the largest single fraction to radiation exposure from natural sources. For that reason, radon represents a major issue for radiation protection. Nevertheless, radon is also applied for the therapy of inflammatory and degenerative diseases in galleries and spas to many thousand patients a year. In either case, chronic environmental exposure or therapy, the effect of radon on the organism exposed is still under investigation at all levels of interaction. This includes the physical stage of diffusion and energy deposition by radioactive decay of radon and its progeny and the biological stage of initiating and propagating a physiologic response or inducing cancer after chronic exposure. The purpose of this manuscript is to comprehensively review the current knowledge of radon and its progeny on physical background, associated cancer risk and potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Wiedemann
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franziska Papenfuß
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Kraft
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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16
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The Influence of Radiation on Bone and Bone Cells-Differential Effects on Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176377. [PMID: 32887421 PMCID: PMC7504528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone is a complex organ that is dependent on a tight regulation between bone formation by osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). These processes can be influenced by environmental factors such as ionizing radiation (IR). In cancer therapy, IR is applied in high doses, leading to detrimental effects on bone, whereas radiation therapy with low doses of IR is applied for chronic degenerative and inflammatory diseases, with a positive impact especially on bone homeostasis. Moreover, the effects of IR are of particular interest in space travel, as astronauts suffer from bone loss due to space radiation and microgravity. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the effects of IR on bone with a special focus on the influence on OCs and OBs, as these cells are essential in bone remodeling. In addition, the influence of IR on the bone microenvironment is discussed. In summary, the effects of IR on bone and bone remodeling cells strongly depend on the applied radiation dose, as differential results are provided from in vivo as well as in vitro studies with varying doses of IR. Furthermore, the isolated effects of IR on a single cell type are difficult to determine, as the bone cells and bone microenvironment are building a tightly regulated network, influencing on one another. Therefore, future research is necessary in order to elucidate the influence of different bone cells on the overall radiation-induced effects on bone.
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17
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Masiero S, Maccarone MC, Magro G. Balneotherapy and human immune function in the era of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1433-1434. [PMID: 32300868 PMCID: PMC7160818 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masiero
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Giacomo Magro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Piao C, Tian M, Gao H, Gao Y, Ruan J, Wu L, Gao G, Yi L, Liu J. Effects of Radon From Hot Springs on Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820902338. [PMID: 32071595 PMCID: PMC6997968 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze changes in immune functions by detecting lymphocyte subsets in the
peripheral blood of residents in the vicinity of radon from hot springs. Methods: Two groups were randomly selected; 61 residents in the vicinity of the hot
springs were assigned to the radon group, and 51 residents with a similar
lifestyle and habits but no contact with hot springs were assigned to the
control group. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+,
CD4+CD8−, CD4−CD8+,
CD4+/CD8+, and TCR/CD3) in the 2 groups were
evaluated on a FACS Aria flow cytometer. The absolute values of lymphocytes
(LYMPH#) and percentages of lymphocytes (LYMPH%) were measured by an
automatic blood analyzer. Results: In the radon group, the numbers of CD3+ (Z =
−0.140, P > .05) and CD4+CD8−
(Z = −0.964, P > .05) T cells were
higher, as compared with the controls, but this difference was not
significant. In addition, the number of CD4−CD8+
(t = −2.141, P < .05) T cells was
significantly lower in the radon group. Furthermore, the average ratios of
CD4+/CD8+ (t = −2.201,
P < .05) and TCR/CD3 (t = 2.047,
P < .05) cells were significantly higher in the
radon group than in the controls. Compared with the control group, the
LYMPH# (t = −0.485, P > .05) and LYMPH%
(Z = −0.835, P > .05) showed no significant change. Conclusion: Radon-rich hot springs could alter the proportions of lymphocyte subsets and
possibly affect immunologic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Piao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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19
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Radiobiological Principles of Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases. Radiat Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Kullmann M, Rühle PF, Harrer A, Donaubauer A, Becker I, Sieber R, Klein G, Fournier C, Fietkau R, Gaipl US, Frey B. Temporarily increased TGFβ following radon spa correlates with reduced pain while serum IL-18 is a general predictive marker for pain sensitivity. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:129-135. [PMID: 30456560 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sustained pain relief following radon spa therapy in patients suffering from chronic painful diseases has been well described. But still, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We conducted the prospective and explorative RAD-ON01 study which included 103 patients who suffered from chronic painful musculoskeletal disorders of the spine and/or joints and present here the data of the examination of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of the patients before and at weeks 6, 12 and 30 after therapy. While TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-1Ra and IL-10 were not altered, TGFβ was temporarily significantly (p = 0.013) elevated 6 weeks after therapy. Importantly, this elevation positively correlated with lowered pain sensitivity (r = 0.41). Further, the amount of IL-18 in the serum positively correlated with lowered pain sensitivity. Therefore, IL-18 can be considered as predictive marker for pain sensitivity of radon spa patients. We conclude that alterations in TGFβ and general IL-18 levels in serum have prognostic and predictive value in situations of lowered pain by exposure of patients to very low-doses of radiation as it is the case in radon spa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kullmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Harrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Becker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renate Sieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Fournier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Immunobiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Yanxiao G, Mei T, Gang G, Xiaochun W, Jianxiang L. Changes of 8-OHdG and TrxR in the Residents Who Bathe in Radon Hot Springs. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325818820974. [PMID: 30670939 PMCID: PMC6327335 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818820974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of long-term bathing in radon hot springs on oxidative damage and antioxidation function in humans. In this study, blood was collected from residents in the Pingshan radon hot spring area (RHSA), Jiangzha RHSA, and control area (CA). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), representing oxidation and antioxidant levels, respectively, were analyzed as indices. Compared to the CA group, the RHSA group in the Pingshan and Jiangzha areas showed significantly decreased 8-OHdG levels (Z = -3.350, -3.316, respectively, P < .05) and increased TrxR levels (Z = 2.394, 3.773, respectively, P < .05). The RHSA and CA groups in Jiangzha had lower levels of TrxR and 8-OHdG compared to those in Pingshan. This finding may be related to the different radon concentration levels, bathing time and other factors. Results suggested that long-term bathing in radon hot spring may activate antioxidant function and reduce oxidative damage in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yanxiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Mei
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Gang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xiaochun
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jianxiang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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22
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Loiselle JJ, Knee JM, Sutherland LC. Human lung epithelial cells cultured in the presence of radon-emitting rock experience gene expression changes similar to those associated with tobacco smoke exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 196:64-81. [PMID: 30396064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after tobacco smoke. While tobacco smoke-induced carcinogenesis has been studied extensively, far less is known about radon-induced carcinogenesis, particularly in relation to the influence of radon on gene expression. The objectives of the work described herein were to (a) determine if and how exposure to low dose radon-emitting rock influences cells, at the gene expression level, and (b) compare any gene expression changes resulting from the exposure to radon-emitting rock with those induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Any potential radiation-induced gene expression changes were also compared to those induced by exposure to cannabis smoke, a non-carcinogen at low doses, used here as a smoke exposure comparator. Human lung epithelial cells were exposed to radon-emitting rock, tobacco smoke or cannabis smoke, over months, and RNA-sequencing was carried out. We found that the rock-exposed cells experienced significant gene expression changes, particularly of the gene AKR1C3, and that these changes, over time, increasingly reflected those associated with exposure to tobacco, but not cannabis, smoke. We postulate that the early gene expression changes common to both the radiation and tobacco smoke exposures constitute a related - potentially pre-carcinogenic - response. Our findings suggest that the length of time a dividing population of cells is exposed to a constant low concentration of radon (with a potential cumulative absorbed dose) could be an important risk parameter for neoplastic transformation/carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Loiselle
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada.
| | - Jose M Knee
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada.
| | - Leslie C Sutherland
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H3, Canada; Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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23
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Deloch L, Rückert M, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US. Low-Dose Radiotherapy Has No Harmful Effects on Key Cells of Healthy Non-Inflamed Joints. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103197. [PMID: 30332826 PMCID: PMC6214021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT) for benign inflammatory and/or bone destructive diseases has been used long. Therefore, mechanistic investigations on cells being present in joints are mostly made in an inflammatory setting. This raises the question whether similar effects of LD-RT are also seen in healthy tissue and thus might cause possible harmful effects. We performed examinations on the functionality and phenotype of key cells within the joint, namely on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as on immune cells. Low doses of ionizing radiation showed only a minor impact on cytokine release by healthy FLS as well as on molecules involved in cartilage and bone destruction and had no significant impact on cell death and migration properties. The bone resorbing abilities of healthy osteoclasts was slightly reduced following LD-RT and a positive impact on bone formation of healthy osteoblasts was observed after in particular exposure to 0.5 Gray (Gy). Cell death rates of bone-marrow cells were only marginally increased and immune cell composition of the bone marrow showed a slight shift from CD8+ to CD4+ T cell subsets. Taken together, our results indicate that LD-RT with particularly a single dose of 0.5 Gy has no harmful effects on cells of healthy joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Impact of X-ray Exposure on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Pre-Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092717. [PMID: 30208657 PMCID: PMC6163807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment option for cancer patients as well as for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Adipocytes, the dominant cell type of adipose tissue, are known to constitute an active part of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, adipocytes support inflammatory processes and cartilage degradation in chronic inflammatory diseases, i.e., rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Since the production of inflammatory factors is linked to their differentiation stages, we set out to explore the radiation response of pre-adipocytes that may influence their inflammatory potential and differentiation capacity. This is the first study investigating the effects of X-ray irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation capacity of human primary pre-adipocytes, in comparison to Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocytes, an often-used in vitro model of human primary pre-adipocytes. Our results demonstrate a dose-dependent reduction of the proliferation capacity for both cell strains, whereas the potential for differentiation was mostly unaffected by irradiation. The expression of markers of adipogenic development, such as transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), as well as the release of adipokines (visfatin, adiponectin and leptin) were not significantly changed upon irradiation. However, after irradiation with high X-ray doses, an increased lipid accumulation was observed, which suggests a radiation-induced response of adipocytes related to inflammation. Our results indicate that pre-adipocytes are radio-resistant, and it remains to be elucidated whether this holds true for the overall inflammatory response of adipocytes upon irradiation.
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25
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Rückert M, Deloch L, Fietkau R, Frey B, Hecht M, Gaipl US. Immune modulatory effects of radiotherapy as basis for well-reasoned radioimmunotherapies. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:509-519. [PMID: 29500551 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) has been known for decades as a local treatment modality for malign and benign disease. In order to efficiently exploit the therapeutic potential of RT, an understanding of the immune modulatory properties of ionizing radiation is mandatory. These should be used for improvement of radioimmunotherapies for cancer in particular. METHODS We here summarize the latest research and review articles about immune modulatory properties of RT, with focus on radiation dose and on combination of RT with selected immunotherapies. Based on the knowledge of the manifold immune mechanisms that are triggered by RT, thought-provoking impulse for multimodal radioimmunotherapies is provided. RESULTS It has become obvious that ionizing radiation induces various forms of cell death and associated processes via DNA damage initiation and triggering of cellular stress responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is of special interest since it activates the immune system via release of danger signals and via direct activation of immune cells. While RT with higher single doses in particular induces ICD, RT with a lower dose is mainly responsible for immune cell recruitment and for attenuation of an existing inflammation. The counteracting immunosuppression emanating from tumor cells can be overcome by combining RT with selected immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition, TGF-β inhibitors, and boosting of immunity with vaccination. CONCLUSION In order to exploit the full power of RT and thereby develop efficient radioimmunotherapies, the dose per fraction used in RT protocols, the fractionation, the quality, and the quantity of certain immunotherapies need to be qualitatively and chronologically well-matched to the individual immune status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Long-term efficacy of spa therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:353-362. [PMID: 29327104 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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