1
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Riccardi F, Tangredi C, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma: an overview on CD138-based strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370854. [PMID: 38655136 PMCID: PMC11035824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells primarily in the bone marrow. Although its treatment consists of the administration of combined therapy regimens mainly based on immunomodulators and proteosome inhibitors, MM remains incurable, and most patients suffer from relapsed/refractory disease with poor prognosis and survival. The robust results achieved by immunotherapy targeting MM-associated antigens CD38 and CD319 (also known as SLAMF7) have drawn attention to the development of new immune-based strategies and different innovative compounds in the treatment of MM, including new monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, and adaptive cellular therapies. In this context, Syndecan1 (CD138 or SDC1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is upregulated in malignant plasma cells, has gained increasing attention in the panorama of MM target antigens, since its key role in MM tumorigenesis, progression and aggressiveness has been largely reported. Here, our aim is to provide an overview of the most important aspects of MM disease and to investigate the molecular functions of CD138 in physiologic and malignant cell states. In addition, we will shed light on the CD138-based therapeutic approaches currently being tested in preclinical and/or clinical phases in MM and discuss their properties, mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riccardi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Carmela Tangredi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
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2
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Londoño AC, Mora CA. Continued dysregulation of the B cell lineage promotes multiple sclerosis activity despite disease modifying therapies. F1000Res 2023; 10:1305. [PMID: 37655229 PMCID: PMC10467621 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74506.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear understanding of the origin and role of the different subtypes of the B cell lineage involved in the activity or remission of multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for the treatment and follow-up of patients living with this disease. B cells, however, are dynamic and can play an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role, depending on their milieu. Depletion of B cells has been effective in controlling the progression of MS, but it can have adverse side effects. A better understanding of the role of the B cell subtypes, through the use of surface biomarkers of cellular activity with special attention to the function of memory and other regulatory B cells (Bregs), will be necessary in order to offer specific treatments without inducing undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Londoño
- Neurologia y Neuroimagen, Instituto Neurologico de Colombia (INDEC), Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Mora
- Spine & Brain Institute, Ascension St. Vincent's Riverside Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, 32204, USA
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3
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Bucheli OTM, Eyer K. Insights into the relationship between persistent antibody secretion and metabolic programming - A question for single-cell analysis. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:35-43. [PMID: 37315849 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination aims to generate a protective and persisting antibody response. Indeed, humoral vaccine-mediated protection depends on the quality and quantity of the produced antigen-specific antibodies for its initial magnitude and the persistence of the plasma cells for its duration. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind the generation, selection and maintenance of long-lived plasma cells secreting protective antibodies is of fundamental importance for understanding long-term immunity, vaccine responses, therapeutical approaches for autoimmune disease and multiple myeloma. Recent studies have observed correlations between the generation, function and lifespan of plasma cells and their metabolism, with metabolism being both a main driver and primary consequence of changes in cellular behavior. This review introduces how metabolic programs influence and drive immune cell functions in general and plasma cell differentiation and longevity more specifically, summarizing the current knowledge on metabolic pathways and their influences on cellular fate. In addition, available technologies to profile metabolism and their limitations are discussed, leading to the unique and open technological challenges for further advancement of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T M Bucheli
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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4
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Capp JP, Bataille R. The Ins and Outs of Endosteal Niche Disruption in the Bone Marrow: Relevance for Myeloma Oncogenesis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:990. [PMID: 37508420 PMCID: PMC10376322 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) and its preexisting stage, termed Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS), have long been considered mainly as genomic diseases. However, the bone changes observed in both conditions have led to a reassessment of the role of the bone microenvironment, mainly the endosteal niche in their genesis. Here, we consider the disruption of the endosteal niche in the bone marrow, that is, the shift of the endosteal niche from an osteoblastic to an osteoclastic profile produced by bone senescence and inflammaging, as the key element. Thus, this disrupted endosteal niche is proposed to represent the permissive microenvironment necessary not only for the emergence of MM from MGUS but also for the emergence and maintenance of MGUS. Moreover, the excess of osteoclasts would favor the presentation of antigens (Ag) into the endosteal niche because osteoclasts are Ag-presenting cells. As such, they could significantly stimulate the presentation of some specific Ag and the clonal expansion of the stimulated cells as well as favor the expansion of such selected clones because osteoclasts are immunosuppressive. We also discuss this scenario in the Gaucher disease, in which the high incidence of MGUS and MM makes it a good model both at the bone level and the immunological level. Finally, we envisage that this endosteal niche disruption would increase the stochasticity (epigenetic and genetic instability) in the selected clones, according to our Tissue Disruption-induced cell Stochasticity (TiDiS) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA/University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Bataille
- School of Medicine, University of Angers, 49045 Angers, France
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5
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García-Sánchez D, González-González A, Alfonso-Fernández A, Del Dujo-Gutiérrez M, Pérez-Campo FM. Communication between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and multiple myeloma cells: Impact on disease progression. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:421-437. [PMID: 37342223 PMCID: PMC10277973 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immunoglobulin-secreting clonal plasma cells at the bone marrow (BM). The interaction between MM cells and the BM microenvironment, and specifically BM mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), has a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Multiple data support the idea that BM-MSCs not only enhance the proliferation and survival of MM cells but are also involved in the resistance of MM cells to certain drugs, aiding the progression of this hematological tumor. The relation of MM cells with the resident BM-MSCs is a two-way interaction. MM modulate the behavior of BM-MSCs altering their expression profile, proliferation rate, osteogenic potential, and expression of senescence markers. In turn, modified BM-MSCs can produce a set of cytokines that would modulate the BM microenvironment to favor disease progression. The interaction between MM cells and BM-MSCs can be mediated by the secretion of a variety of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles carrying microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs or other molecules. However, the communication between these two types of cells could also involve a direct physical interaction through adhesion molecules or tunneling nanotubes. Thus, understanding the way this communication works and developing strategies to interfere in the process, would preclude the expansion of the MM cells and might offer alternative treatments for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alberto González-González
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Alfonso-Fernández
- Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Mónica Del Dujo-Gutiérrez
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
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6
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Koike T, Fujii K, Kometani K, Butler NS, Funakoshi K, Yari S, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Kurosaki T, Ise W. Progressive differentiation toward the long-lived plasma cell compartment in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213750. [PMID: 36515679 PMCID: PMC9754767 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The longevity of plasma cells is dependent on their ability to access and reside in so-called niches that are predominantly located in the bone marrow. Here, by employing a traceable method to label recently generated plasma cells, we showed that homeostatic plasma cells in the bone marrow and spleen were continuously replenished by newly generated B220hiMHC-IIhi populations that progressively differentiated into B220loMHC-IIlo long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) populations. We also found that, in the bone marrow, germinal center (GC)-independent and GC-dependent plasma cells decayed similarly upon NP-CGG engagement, and both entered the B220loMHC-IIlo LLPC pool. Compared with NP+B220hiMHC-IIhi plasma cells, NP+B220loMHC-IIlo cells were more immobilized in the bone marrow niches and showed better survival potential. Thus, our results suggest that the adhesion status of bone marrow plasma cells is dynamically altered during their differentiation and is associated with provision of survival signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Koike
- Regulation of Host Defense Team, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noah S Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kenji Funakoshi
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Yari
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ise
- Regulation of Host Defense Team, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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The cellular biology of plasma cells: Unmet challenges and opportunities. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:6-12. [PMID: 36646289 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells and the antibodies they secrete are paramount for protection against infection but can also be implicated in diseases including autoantibody-mediated disease and multiple myeloma. Plasma cell terminal differentiation relies on a transcriptional switch and on important morphological changes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are partly understood and how plasma cells manage to survive for long periods of time while secreting large quantities of antibodies remains unclear. In this review we aim to put in perspective what is known about plasma cell cellular biology to highlight the challenges faced by this field of research but also to illustrate how new opportunities may arise from the study of the fundamental mechanisms sustaining plasma cell survival and function.
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8
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Pracht K, Wittner J, Kagerer F, Jäck HM, Schuh W. The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114348. [PMID: 36875083 PMCID: PMC9977823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve longevity, IgA plasma cells require a sophisticated anatomical microenvironment that provides cytokines, cell-cell contacts, and nutrients as well as metabolites. The intestinal epithelium harbors cells with distinct functions and represents an important defense line. Anti-microbial peptide-producing paneth cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells and antigen-transporting microfold (M) cells cooperate to build a protective barrier against pathogens. In addition, intestinal epithelial cells are instrumental in the transcytosis of IgA to the gut lumen, and support plasma cell survival by producing the cytokines APRIL and BAFF. Moreover, nutrients are sensed through specialized receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by both, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. However, the intestinal epithelium is highly dynamic with a high cellular turn-over rate and exposure to changing microbiota and nutritional factors. In this review, we discuss the spatial interplay of the intestinal epithelium with plasma cells and its potential contribution to IgA plasma cell generation, homing, and longevity. Moreover, we describe the impact of nutritional AhR ligands on intestinal epithelial cell-IgA plasma cell interaction. Finally, we introduce spatial transcriptomics as a new technology to address open questions in intestinal IgA plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Ulbricht C, Cao Y, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. In good times and in bad: How plasma cells resolve stress for a life-long union with the bone marrow. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112922. [PMID: 37033993 PMCID: PMC10080396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Ulbricht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analysis, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja E. Hauser,
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10
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Rich RR, Cron RQ. The Human Immune Response. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Schäfer AL, Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Kraemer AN, Chevalier N. Crosstalk in the diseased plasma cell niche - the force of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120398. [PMID: 36895566 PMCID: PMC9989665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Single cell multi-omic reference atlases of non-human primate immune tissues reveals CD102 as a biomarker for long-lived plasma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1399. [PMID: 36543997 PMCID: PMC9770566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection or immunization, antibodies are produced that provide protection against re-exposure with the same pathogen. These antibodies can persist at high titers for decades and are maintained by bone marrow-resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, the durability of antibody responses to immunization varies amongst vaccines. It is unknown what factors contribute to the differential longevity of serum antibody responses and whether heterogeneity in LLPC contributes to this phenomenon. While LLPC differentiation has been studied extensively in mice, little is known about this population in humans or non-human primates (NHP). Here, we use multi-omic single-cell profiling to identify and characterize the LLPC compartment in NHP. We identify LLPC biomarkers including the marker CD102 and show that CD102 in combination with CD31 identifies LLPC in NHP bone marrow. Additionally, we find that CD102 is expressed by LLPC in mouse and humans. These results further our understanding of the LLPC compartment in NHP, identify biomarkers of LLPC, and provide tissue-specific single cell references for future studies.
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13
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Robinson MJ, Dowling MR, Pitt C, O’Donnell K, Webster RH, Hill DL, Ding Z, Dvorscek AR, Brodie EJ, Hodgkin PD, Quast I, Tarlinton DM. Long-lived plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow at a constant rate from early in an immune response. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm8389. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines work largely by generating long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), but knowledge of how such cells are recruited is sparse. Although it is clear that LLPCs preferentially originate in germinal centers (GCs) and relocate to survival niches in bone marrow where they can persist for decades, the issues of the timing of LLPC recruitment and the basis of their retention remain uncertain. Here, using a genetic timestamping system in mice, we show that persistent PCs accrue in bone marrow at an approximately constant rate of one cell per hour over a period spanning several weeks after a single immunization with a model antigen. Affinity-based selection was evident in persisting PCs, reflecting a relative and dynamic rather than absolute affinity threshold as evidenced by the changing pattern of V
H
gene somatic mutations conveying increased affinity for antigen. We conclude that the life span of persistent, antigen-specific PCs is in part intrinsic, preprogrammed, and varied and that their final number is related to the duration of the response in a predictable way. This implies that modulating vaccines to extend the duration of the GC reaction will enhance antibody-mediated protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus James Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mark R. Dowling
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kristy O’Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rosela H. Webster
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danika L. Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexandra R. Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erica J. Brodie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Philip D. Hodgkin
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Mathew Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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14
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Bermea KC, Kostelecky N, Rousseau ST, Lin CY, Adamo L. The human myocardium harbors a population of naive B-cells with a distinctive gene expression signature conserved across species. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973211. [PMID: 36248879 PMCID: PMC9563334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac immunology studies in murine models have identified a sizeable population of myocardial B-cells and have shown that its modulation represents a promising strategy to develop novel therapies for heart failure. However, scarce data on B-cells in the human heart leaves unclear whether findings in rodents are relevant to human biology. Methods We performed immunohistochemical stains to characterize the amount and distribution of B-cells in human hearts, analyzing both fresh and post-mortem tissue. To gain insight into the biology of human myocardial B-cells we analyzed publicly-available spatial transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing datasets of myocardial and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We validated these findings on primary B-cells sorted from the heart and peripheral blood of left ventricular assistive device recipients. To identify biological pathways upregulated in myocardial B-cells across species, we compared differential gene expression in myocardial vs peripheral blood B-cells across the studied human datasets and published rodent datasets. Results In healthy human heart samples, we found B-cells at a ratio of 1:8 compared to T-cells (2.41 ± 0.45 vs 19.36 ± 4.43, p-value <0.001). Myocardial B-cells were more abundant in the interstitium compared with the intravascular space (p-value=0.011), and also more abundant in the myocardium vs. epicardium (p-value=0.048). Single-cell gene expression analysis showed that the human myocardium harbored mostly naive B-cells with a gene expression profile distinct from that of PBMC B-cells. Cross-comparison of differentially-expressed genes in myocardial vs. PBMC B-cells across human and rodent datasets identified 703 genes with consistent differential gene expression across species (binomial p-value=2.9e-48). KEGG pathway analysis highlighted “B-cell receptor signaling pathway,” “Antigen processing and presentation,” and “Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction” among the top pathways upregulated in cardiac B-cells (FDR <0.001) conserved between species. Conclusions Like the murine heart, the human heart harbors naive B-cells that are both intravascular and extravascular. Human myocardial B-cells are fewer and more evenly distributed between these two compartments than rodent myocardial B-cells. However, analysis of single-gene expression data indicates that the biological function of myocardial B-cells is conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Bermea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolas Kostelecky
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sylvie T. Rousseau
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Luigi Adamo, ; Chieh-Yu Lin,
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Luigi Adamo, ; Chieh-Yu Lin,
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15
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Stephenson S, Care MA, Doody GM, Tooze RM. APRIL Drives a Coordinated but Diverse Response as a Foundation for Plasma Cell Longevity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:926-937. [PMID: 36130130 PMCID: PMC7613700 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ab-secreting cells survive in niche microenvironments, but cellular responses driven by particular niche signals are incompletely defined. The TNF superfamily member a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) can support the maturation of transitory plasmablasts into long-lived plasma cells. In this study, we explore the biological programs established by APRIL in human plasmablasts. Under conditions allowing the maturation of ex vivo- or in vitro-generated plasmablasts, we find that APRIL drives activation of ERK, p38, and JNK, accompanied by a classical NF-κB response and activation of the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. Time-course gene expression data resolve coordinated transcriptional responses propagated via immediate early genes and NF-κB targets and converging onto modules of genes enriched for MYC targets and metabolism/cell growth-related pathways. This response is shared between APRIL and an alternate TNF superfamily member CD40L but is not a feature of alternative niche signals delivered by IFN-α or SDF1. However, APRIL and CD40L responses also diverge. CD40L drives expression of genes related to the activated B cell state whereas APRIL does not. Thus, APRIL establishes a broad foundation for plasma cell longevity with features of cellular refueling while being uncoupled from support of the B cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Stephenson
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Matthew A Care
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gina M Doody
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Reuben M Tooze
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
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16
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Liu JH, Zhang JJ, Han WJ, Cui C, Li MZ, Tian ZY, Bai RM, Li LM. B cell memory responses induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles in BALB/c mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110458. [PMID: 35841772 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A challenging but critical question is that new foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines should be to induce B cell memory to provide antibodies for long-term protection. The maintenance of B cell memory is dependent on long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) and memory B cells. We developed a chimeric FMDV virus-like particles (FMDV-VLPs), fusing VP1-VP4 into HBcAg. In our study, we investigated if or how long B cell memory was induced by FMDV-VLPs in mice. The data showed that FMDV-VLPs can induce memory humoral responses with a high level of total IgG1, IgG2a, IgA, and FMDV-specific IgG antibodies in serum. The persistence of antibody levels in serum could depend on LLPCs. The proportion of LLPCs in CD19+ cells in bone marrow exhibited a dynamic trend with two peaks at 28 days post-immunization (dpi) and 72 dpi, respectively. Additionally, the proportion of memory B cells in CD19+ cells in the spleen increased significantly both at 7 days post primary immunization and at 7 days post -boost immunization. Of note, LLPCs together with memory B cells contribute to the production of FMDV-specific IgG and IgG1. The changes of LLPCs and memory B cells may be related to TNF-α, IL-6 and, CXCL12. Taken together, FMDV-VLPs could induce B cells memory responses. A further understanding of the mechanisms that FMDV-VLPs how we can manipulate the induction and maintenance of memory B cells and LLPCs will promote vaccine design and likely address several challenges to develop FMDV new vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Jun-Juan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wei-Jian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Zhan-Yun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ruo-Man Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
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17
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Courey-Ghaouzi AD, Kleberg L, Sundling C. Alternative B Cell Differentiation During Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908034. [PMID: 35812395 PMCID: PMC9263372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term protective immunity to infectious disease depends on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Induction of a strong humoral response relies on efficient B cell activation and differentiation to long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. For many viral or bacterial infections, a single encounter is sufficient to induce such responses. In malaria, the induction of long-term immunity can take years of pathogen exposure to develop, if it occurs at all. This repeated pathogen exposure and suboptimal immune response coincide with the expansion of a subset of B cells, often termed atypical memory B cells. This subset is present at low levels in healthy individuals as well but it is observed to expand in an inflammatory context during acute and chronic infection, autoimmune diseases or certain immunodeficiencies. Therefore, it has been proposed that this subset is exhausted, dysfunctional, or potentially autoreactive, but its actual role has remained elusive. Recent reports have provided new information regarding both heterogeneity and expansion of these cells, in addition to indications on their potential role during normal immune responses to infection or vaccination. These new insights encourage us to rethink how and why they are generated and better understand their role in our complex immune system. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in our understanding of these enigmatic cells and highlight the remaining gaps that need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan-Dine Courey-Ghaouzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Kleberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Christopher Sundling,
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18
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Yang P, Qu Y, Wang M, Chu B, Chen W, Zheng Y, Niu T, Qian Z. Pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e146. [PMID: 35665368 PMCID: PMC9162151 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second‐ranking malignancy in hematological tumors. The pathogenesis of MM is complex with high heterogeneity, and the development of the disease is a multistep process. Chromosomal translocations, aneuploidy, genetic mutations, and epigenetic aberrations are essential in disease initiation and progression. The correlation between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment is associated with the survival, progression, migration, and drug resistance of MM cells. In recent decades, there has been a significant change in the paradigm for the management of MM. With the development of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapies, and novel agents, the survival of MM patients has been significantly improved. In addition, nanotechnology acts as both a nanocarrier and a treatment tool for MM. The properties and responsive conditions of nanomedicine can be tailored to reach different goals. Nanomedicine with a precise targeting property has offered great potential for drug delivery and assisted in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis and current treatment options of MM, then overview recent advances in nanomedicine‐based systems, aiming to provide more insights into the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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19
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Suryawanshi H, Yang H, Lubetzky M, Morozov P, Lagman M, Thareja G, Alonso A, Li C, Snopkowski C, Belkadi A, Mueller FB, Lee JR, Dadhania DM, Salvatore SP, Seshan SV, Sharma VK, Suhre K, Suthanthiran M, Tuschl T, Muthukumar T. Detection of infiltrating fibroblasts by single-cell transcriptomics in human kidney allografts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267704. [PMID: 35657798 PMCID: PMC9165878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of human kidney allograft biopsies will reveal distinct cell types and states and yield insights to decipher the complex heterogeneity of alloimmune injury. We selected 3 biopsies of kidney cortex from 3 individuals for scRNA-seq and processed them fresh using an identical protocol on the 10x Chromium platform; (i) HK: native kidney biopsy from a living donor, (ii) AK1: allograft kidney with transplant glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and worsening graft function, and (iii) AK2: allograft kidney after successful treatment of active antibody-mediated rejection. We did not study T-cell-mediated rejections. We generated 7217 high-quality single cell transcriptomes. Taking advantage of the recipient-donor sex mismatches revealed by X and Y chromosome autosomal gene expression, we determined that in AK1 with fibrosis, 42 months after transplantation, more than half of the kidney allograft fibroblasts were recipient-derived and therefore likely migratory and graft infiltrative, whereas in AK2 without fibrosis, 84 months after transplantation, most fibroblasts were donor-organ-derived. Furthermore, AK1 was enriched for tubular progenitor cells overexpressing profibrotic extracellular matrix genes. AK2, eight months after successful treatment of rejection, contained plasmablast cells with high expression of immunoglobulins, endothelial cell elaboration of T cell chemoattractant cytokines, and persistent presence of cytotoxic T cells. In addition to these key findings, our analysis revealed unique cell types and states in the kidney. Altogether, single-cell transcriptomics yielded novel mechanistic insights, which could pave the way for individualizing the care of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Suryawanshi
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (TT); (TM)
| | - Hua Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Lubetzky
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Pavel Morozov
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mila Lagman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Catherine Snopkowski
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Franco B. Mueller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John R. Lee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Darshana M. Dadhania
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Salvatore
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Surya V. Seshan
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (TT); (TM)
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (TT); (TM)
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20
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Canales-Herrerias P, Crickx E, Broketa M, Sokal A, Chenon G, Azzaoui I, Vandenberghe A, Perima A, Iannascoli B, Richard-Le Goff O, Castrillon C, Mottet G, Sterlin D, Robbins A, Michel M, England P, Millot GA, Eyer K, Baudry J, Mahevas M, Bruhns P. High-affinity autoreactive plasma cells disseminate through multiple organs in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:153580. [PMID: 35503254 PMCID: PMC9197514 DOI: 10.1172/jci153580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major therapeutic goal for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is to restore normal platelet counts using drugs to promote platelet production or by interfering with mechanisms responsible for platelet destruction. Eighty percent of patients with ITP possess anti–integrin αIIbβ3 IgG autoantibodies that cause platelet opsonization and phagocytosis. The spleen is considered the primary site of autoantibody production by autoreactive B cells and platelet destruction. The immediate failure in approximately 50% of patients to recover a normal platelet count after anti-CD20 rituximab-mediated B cell depletion and splenectomy suggests that autoreactive, rituximab-resistant, IgG-secreting B cells (IgG-SCs) reside in other anatomical compartments. We analyzed more than 3,300 single IgG-SCs from spleen, bone marrow, and/or blood of 27 patients with ITP, revealing high interindividual variability in affinity for αIIbβ3, with variations over 3 logs. IgG-SC dissemination and range of affinities were, however, similar for each patient. Longitudinal analysis of autoreactive IgG-SCs upon treatment with the anti-CD38 mAb daratumumab demonstrated variable outcomes, from complete remission to failure with persistence of high-affinity anti–αIIbβ3 IgG-SCs in the bone marrow. This study demonstrates the existence and dissemination of high-affinity autoreactive plasma cells in multiple anatomical compartments of patients with ITP that may cause the failure of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Etienne Crickx
- INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Broketa
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Sokal
- INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Chenon
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Imane Azzaoui
- Service de Médecine Interne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Vandenberghe
- Service de Médecine Interne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Angga Perima
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ailsa Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Clinical Immunolo, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims University Hospitals, Reims, France
| | - Marc Michel
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Patrick England
- Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gael A Millot
- Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), ESPCI, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Mahevas
- INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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21
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Meylan M, Petitprez F, Becht E, Bougoüin A, Pupier G, Calvez A, Giglioli I, Verkarre V, Lacroix G, Verneau J, Sun CM, Laurent-Puig P, Vano YA, Elaïdi R, Méjean A, Sanchez-Salas R, Barret E, Cathelineau X, Oudard S, Reynaud CA, de Reyniès A, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Tertiary lymphoid structures generate and propagate anti-tumor antibody-producing plasma cells in renal cell cancer. Immunity 2022; 55:527-541.e5. [PMID: 35231421 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) is associated with positive clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy in cancer. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to examine the nature of B cell responses within TLS in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). B cells were enriched in TLS, and therein, we could identify all B cell maturation stages toward plasma cell (PC) formation. B cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal diversification, selection, expansion in TLS, and the presence of fully mature clonotypes at distance. In TLS+ tumors, IgG- and IgA-producing PCs disseminated into the tumor beds along fibroblastic tracks. TLS+ tumors exhibited high frequencies of IgG-producing PCs and IgG-stained and apoptotic malignant cells, suggestive of anti-tumor effector activity. Therapeutic responses and progression-free survival correlated with IgG-stained tumor cells in RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, intratumoral TLS sustains B cell maturation and antibody production that is associated with response to immunotherapy, potentially via direct anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Etienne Becht
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bougoüin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Pupier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne Calvez
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ilenia Giglioli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Département de pathologie, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris - Paris Centre, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Johanna Verneau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Chen-Ming Sun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, EPIGENETEC, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yann-Alexandre Vano
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France; Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Département d'oncologie médicale, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris - Paris Centre, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Reza Elaïdi
- Association pour la Recherche de Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Cancérologie, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Méjean
- Département d'urologie, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rafaël Sanchez-Salas
- Département d'urologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Eric Barret
- Département d'urologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Cathelineau
- Département d'urologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stephane Oudard
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris - Paris Centre, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMRS8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, EPIGENETEC, 75006 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France.
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22
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Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) in Immune Cell Migration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101171. [PMID: 34696279 PMCID: PMC8539188 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor of the krüppel-like family, is a key regulator of activation, differentiation, and migration processes in various cell types. In this review, we focus on the functional relevance of KLF2 in immune cell migration and homing. We summarize the key functions of KLF2 in the regulation of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules and discuss the relevance of the KLF2-mediated control of immune cell migration in the context of immune responses, infections, and diseases.
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23
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Markmann C, Bhoj VG. On the road to eliminating long-lived plasma cells-"are we there yet?". Immunol Rev 2021; 303:154-167. [PMID: 34351644 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Central to protective humoral immunity is the activation of B cells and their terminal differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) may survive for years to decades. Such long-lived plasma cells are also responsible for producing pathogenic antibodies that cause a variety of challenges such as autoimmunity, allograft rejection, and drug neutralization. Up to now, various therapeutic strategies aimed at durably eliminating pathogenic antibodies have failed, in large part due to their inability to efficiently target LLPCs. Several antibody-based therapies have recently gained regulatory approval or are in clinical phases of development for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells. We discuss the exciting potential of using these emerging cancer immunotherapies to solve the antibody problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Markmann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vijay G Bhoj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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24
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Rossi AP, Alloway RR, Hildeman D, Woodle ES. Plasma cell biology: Foundations for targeted therapeutic development in transplantation. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:168-186. [PMID: 34254320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage organ disease. Over the past 70 years, tremendous progress has been made in solid organ transplantation, particularly in T-cell-targeted immunosuppression and organ allocation systems. However, humoral alloimmune responses remain a major challenge to progress. Patients with preexisting antibodies to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) are at significant disadvantages in regard to receiving a well-matched organ, moreover, those who develop anti-HLA antibodies after transplantation face a significant foreshortening of renal allograft survival. Historical therapies to desensitize patients prior to transplantation or to treat posttransplant AMR have had limited effectiveness, likely because they do not significantly reduce antibody levels, as plasma cells, the source of antibody production, remain largely unaffected. Herein, we will discuss the significance of plasma cells in transplantation, aspects of their biology as potential therapeutic targets, clinical challenges in developing strategies to target plasma cells in transplantation, and lastly, novel approaches that have potential to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Rossi
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rita R Alloway
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Steve Woodle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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25
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Boussag-Abib L, Laraba-Djebari F. Long-term antibody response and protective effect induced by attenuated scorpion toxins: Involvement of memory plasma cells. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152108. [PMID: 34247017 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Algeria, Androctonus australis hector scorpion envenomation remains a major problem of public health because of non-efficient therapy. The development of safe vaccine against scorpion venom could be one key strategy for the envenomation prevention. The irradiation of venom by γ-rays develops suitable immunogens which produced effective antivenom and safe vaccine. In this study, we investigated the ability of the irradiated toxic fraction (γ-FtoxG50) to induce long-term memory humoral response in immunized animals (mice and rabbits), by involving the long-lived plasma cells to prevent efficiently the lethality of scorpion envenomation. For this purpose, an appropriate immunization schedule was established in mice and rabbits using three (3) similar doses of γ-FtoxG50 associated with Alum adjuvant. Obtained results indicate that the long-term immunogenicity of γ-FtoxG50 is able to induce the long-term memory humoral response with a high level of specific antibodies. The long-term persistence of antibody levels could depend on bone marrow memory plasma cells. These cells produce continuously antibodies without antigen stimulus. Furthermore, an enhanced memory response was obtained post-repeated envenomation with toxic native venom that leads to improved protection of animals. Together, pre-existing protective antibodies and the activation of memory B-cells could induce a rapid neutralization of scorpion toxins and long-term protection against scorpion envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Boussag-Abib
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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26
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Keppler SJ, Goess MC, Heinze JM. The Wanderings of Gut-Derived IgA Plasma Cells: Impact on Systemic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670290. [PMID: 33936114 PMCID: PMC8081896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is mainly mediated by a B cell population highly specialized to synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies – the antibody-secreting cells (ASC). In the gastrointestinal environment, a mixture of foreign antigens from the diet, commensal microbiota as well as occasional harmful pathogens lead to a constant differentiation of B cells into ASC. Due to this permanent immune response, more than 80% of mammalian ASC reside in the gut, of which most express immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA antibodies contribute to intestinal homeostasis and can mediate protective immunity. Recent evidence points at a role for gut-derived ASC in modulating immune responses also outside of mucosal tissues. We here summarize recent evidence for wandering ASC, their antibodies and their involvement in systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina J Keppler
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Christine Goess
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia M Heinze
- School of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Bonaud A, Lemos JP, Espéli M, Balabanian K. Hematopoietic Multipotent Progenitors and Plasma Cells: Neighbors or Roommates in the Mouse Bone Marrow Ecosystem? Front Immunol 2021; 12:658535. [PMID: 33936091 PMCID: PMC8083056 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a complex ecosystem in which hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells reside. In this review, we discuss the bone marrow niches in mice that facilitate the survival, maintenance, and differentiation of cells of hematopoietic origin based on the recent literature. Our review places a special focus on the hematopoietic multipotent progenitors and on plasma cells, corresponding to the last stage of the B-cell lineage, that play a key role in the humoral memory response. We highlight the similarities between the microenvironments necessary for the establishment and the maintenance of these two immune cell subsets, and how the chemokine CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis contributes to these processes. Finally, we bring elements to address the following question: are multipotent progenitors and plasma cells neighbors or roommates within the bone marrow?
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julia P Lemos
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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28
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020217. [PMID: 33435306 PMCID: PMC7827690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by aberrant plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and constitutes the second most common hematological disease after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease progression is drastically regulated by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) generated by soluble factors and different cells that naturally reside in the BM. This microenvironment does not remain unchanged and alterations favor cancer dissemination. Despite therapeutic advances over the past 15 years, MM remains incurable and therefore understanding the elements that control the TME in MM would allow better-targeted therapies to cure this disease. In this review, we discuss the main events and changes that occur in the BM milieu during MM development. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The progression, from the early stages of the disease as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to MM and occasionally extramedullary disease, is drastically affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Soluble factors and direct cell–cell interactions regulate MM plasma cell trafficking and homing to the BM niche. Mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, myeloid and lymphoid cells present in the BM create a unique milieu that favors MM plasma cell immune evasion and promotes disease progression. Moreover, TME is implicated in malignant cell protection against anti-tumor therapy. This review describes the main cellular and non-cellular components located in the BM, which condition the immunosuppressive environment and lead the MM establishment and progression.
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29
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Ma L, Lu H, Chen R, Wu M, Jin Y, Zhang J, Wang S. Identification of Key Genes and Potential New Biomarkers for Ovarian Aging: A Study Based on RNA-Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2020; 11:590660. [PMID: 33304387 PMCID: PMC7701310 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging leads to reproductive and endocrine dysfunction, causing the disorder of multiple organs in the body and even declined quality of offspring's health. However, few studies have investigated the changes in gene expression profile in the ovarian aging process. Here, we applied integrated bioinformatics to screen, identify, and validate the critical pathogenic genes involved in ovarian aging and uncover potential molecular mechanisms. The expression profiles of GSE84078 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which included the data from ovarian samples of 10 normal C57BL/6 mice, including old (21-22 months old, ovarian failure period) and young (5-6 months old, reproductive bloom period) ovaries. First, we filtered 931 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 876 upregulated and 55 downregulated genes through comparison between ovarian expression data from old and young mice. Functional enrichment analysis showed that biological functions of DEGs were primarily immune response regulation, cell-cell adhesion, and phagosome pathway. The most closely related genes among DEGs (Tyrobp, Rac2, Cd14, Zap70, Lcp2, Itgb2, H2-Ab1, and Fcer1g) were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and consequently verified using mRNA and protein quantitative detection. Finally, the immune cell infiltration in the ovarian aging process was also evaluated by applying CIBERSORT, and a correlation analysis between hub genes and immune cell type was also performed. The results suggested that plasma cells and naïve CD4+ T cells may participate in ovarian aging. The hub genes were positively correlated with memory B cells, plasma cells, M1 macrophages, Th17 cells, and immature dendritic cells. In conclusion, this study indicates that screening for DEGs and pathways in ovarian aging using bioinformatic analysis could provide potential clues for researchers to unveil the molecular mechanism underlying ovarian aging. These results could be of clinical significance and provide effective molecular targets for the treatment of ovarian aging.
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30
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Xu AQ, Barbosa RR, Calado DP. Genetic timestamping of plasma cells in vivo reveals tissue-specific homeostatic population turnover. eLife 2020; 9:e59850. [PMID: 33136000 PMCID: PMC7682985 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are essential for protection from infection, and at the origin of incurable cancers. Current studies do not circumvent the limitations of removing PCs from their microenvironment and confound formation and maintenance. Also, the investigation of PC population dynamics has mostly relied on nucleotide analog incorporation that does not label quiescent cells, a property of most PCs. The main impediment is the lack of tools to perform specific genetic manipulation in vivo. Here we characterize a genetic tool (JchaincreERT2) in the mouse that permits first-ever specific genetic manipulation in PCs in vivo, across immunoglobulin isotypes. Using this tool, we found that splenic and bone marrow PC numbers remained constant over-time with the decay in genetically labeled PCs being compensated by unlabeled PCs, supporting homeostatic population turnover in these tissues. The JchaincreERT2 tool paves the way for an in-depth mechanistic understanding of PC biology and pathology in vivo, in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Qi Xu
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rita R Barbosa
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dinis Pedro Calado
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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31
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Tarlinton D. Do plasma cells contribute to the determination of their lifespan? Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:449-455. [PMID: 32353190 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Longevity of plasma cells is dependent on their ability to access and reside in so-called survival niches that are predominantly located in the bone marrow. It is proposed that by some process a small fraction of the plasma cells generated in response to new antigen challenges can enter into the long-lived repertoire by displacing existing plasma cells. Several lines of research show that this process is not stochastic as not all resident, long-lived plasma cells appear equally likely to be displaced. The basis of these differences might reside in the niches, the plasma cells or a combination of both factors that intersect to create a distribution of susceptibility to replacement and lifespans. In this review, I consider factors that might vary in plasma cells and thus influence their access to niches and the ability of newly generated plasma cells to survive over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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32
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Stefanowski J, Fiedler AF, Köhler M, Günther R, Liublin W, Tschaikner M, Rauch A, Reismann D, Matthys R, Nützi R, Bixel MG, Adams RH, Niesner RA, Duda GN, Hauser AE. Limbostomy: Longitudinal Intravital Microendoscopy in Murine Osteotomies. Cytometry A 2020; 97:483-495. [PMID: 32196971 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing involves the interplay of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and vasculature over the time course of regeneration. Approaches to quantify the spatiotemporal aspects of bone healing at cellular resolution during long bone healing do not yet exist. Here, a novel technique termed Limbostomy is presented, which combines intravital microendoscopy with an osteotomy. This design allows a modular combination of an internal fixator plate with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens at various depths in the bone marrow and can be combined with a surgical osteotomy procedure. The field of view (FOV) covers a significant area of the fracture gap and allows monitoring cellular processes in vivo. The GRIN lens causes intrinsic optical aberrations which have to be corrected. The optical system was characterized and a postprocessing algorithm was developed. It corrects for wave front aberration-induced image plane deformation and for background and noise signals, enabling us to observe subcellular processes. Exemplarily, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyze angiogenesis in bone regeneration. We make use of a transgenic reporter mouse strain with nucleargreen fluorescent protein and membrane-bound tdTomato under the Cadherin-5 promoter. We observe two phases of vascularization. First, rapid vessel sprouting pervades the FOV within 3-4 days after osteotomy. Second, the vessel network continues to be dynamically remodeled until the end of our observation time, 14 days after surgery. Limbostomy opens a unique set of opportunities and allows further insight on spatiotemporal aspects of bone marrow biology, for example, hematopoiesis, analysis of cellular niches, immunological memory, and vascularization in the bone marrow during health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stefanowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander F Fiedler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Günther
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wjatscheslaw Liublin
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Tschaikner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariana Rauch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Reismann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Raluca A Niesner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitat Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Nelson AN, Lin WHW, Shivakoti R, Putnam NE, Mangus L, Adams RJ, Hauer D, Baxter VK, Griffin DE. Association of persistent wild-type measles virus RNA with long-term humoral immunity in rhesus macaques. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134992. [PMID: 31935196 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from measles results in life-long protective immunity. To understand induction of long-term immunity, rhesus macaques were studied for 6 months after infection with wild-type measles virus (MeV). Infection caused viremia and rash, with clearance of infectious virus by day 14. MeV RNA persisted in PBMCs for 30-90 days and in lymphoid tissue for 6 months most often in B cells but was rarely detected in BM. Antibody with neutralizing activity and binding specificity for MeV nucleocapsid (N), hemagglutinin (H), and fusion proteins appeared with the rash and avidity matured over 3-4 months. Lymph nodes had increasing numbers of MeV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and germinal centers with late hyalinization. ASCs appeared in circulation with the rash and continued to appear along with peripheral T follicular helper cells for the study duration. ASCs in lymph nodes and PBMCs produced antibody against both H and N, with more H-specific ASCs in BM. During days 14-21, 20- to 100-fold more total ASCs than MeV-specific ASCs appeared in circulation, suggesting mobilization of preexisting ASCs. Therefore, persistence of MeV RNA in lymphoid tissue was accompanied by continued germinal center formation, ASC production, avidity maturation, and accumulation of H-specific ASCs in BM to sustain neutralizing antibody and protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Nelson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan W Lin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupak Shivakoti
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra Hauer
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria K Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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34
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Leben R, Köhler M, Radbruch H, Hauser AE, Niesner RA. Systematic Enzyme Mapping of Cellular Metabolism by Phasor-Analyzed Label-Free NAD(P)H Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225565. [PMID: 31703416 PMCID: PMC6887798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past years, cellular metabolism of the immune system experienced a revival, as it has become clear that it is not merely responsible for the cellular energy supply, but also impacts on many signaling pathways and, thus, on diverse cellular functions. Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging of the ubiquitous coenzymes NADH and NADPH (NAD(P)H-FLIM) makes it possible to monitor cellular metabolism in living cells and tissues and has already been applied to study metabolic changes both under physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, due to the complex distribution of NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes in cells, whose distribution continuously changes over time, a thorough interpretation of NAD(P)H-FLIM results, in particular, resolving the contribution of various enzymes to the overall metabolic activity, remains challenging. We developed a systematic framework based on angle similarities of the phase vectors and their length to analyze NAD(P)H-FLIM data of cells and tissues based on a generally valid reference system of highly abundant NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes in cells. By using our analysis framework, we retrieve information not only about the overall metabolic activity, i.e., the fraction of free to enzyme-bound NAD(P)H, but also identified the enzymes predominantly active within the sample at a certain time point with subcellular resolution. We verified the performance of the approach by applying NAD(P)H-FLIM on a stromal-like cell line and identified a different group of enzymes that were active in the cell nuclei as compared to the cytoplasm. As the systematic phasor-based analysis framework of label-free NAD(P)H-FLIM can be applied both in vitro and in vivo, it retains the unique power to enable dynamic enzyme-based metabolic investigations, at subcellular resolution, in genuine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Leben
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (R.A.N.); Tel.: +49-30-2846-0674 (R.L.); +49-30-2846-0708 (R.A.N.)
| | - Markus Köhler
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Immunodynamics and Intravital Microscopy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca A. Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (R.A.N.); Tel.: +49-30-2846-0674 (R.L.); +49-30-2846-0708 (R.A.N.)
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