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Silverman GJ, Azzouz DF, Gisch N, Amarnani A. The gut microbiome in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from rheumatic fever. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:143-157. [PMID: 38321297 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
For more than a century, certain bacterial infections that can breach the skin and mucosal barriers have been implicated as common triggers of autoimmune syndromes, especially post-infection autoimmune diseases that include rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. However, only in the past few years has the importance of imbalances within our own commensal microbiota communities, and within the gut, in the absence of infection, in promoting autoimmune pathogenesis become fully appreciated. A diversity of species and mechanisms have been implicated, including disruption of the gut barrier. Emerging data suggest that expansions (or blooms) of pathobiont species are involved in autoimmune pathogenesis and stimulate clonal expansion of T cells and B cells that recognize microbial antigens. This Review discusses the relationship between the gut microbiome and the immune system, and the potential consequence of disrupting the community balance in terms of autoimmune development, focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus. Notably, inter-relationships between expansions of certain members within gut microbiota communities and concurrent autoimmune responses bear features reminiscent of classical post-infection autoimmune disease. From such insights, new therapeutic opportunities are being considered to restore the balance within microbiota communities or re-establishing the gut-barrier integrity to reinforce immune homeostasis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Doua F Azzouz
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Abhimanyu Amarnani
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ma L, Ge Y, Brown J, Choi SC, Elshikha A, Kanda N, Terrell M, Six N, Garcia A, Mohamadzadeh M, Silverman G, Morel L. Dietary tryptophan and genetic susceptibility expand gut microbiota that promote systemic autoimmune activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.16.575942. [PMID: 38293097 PMCID: PMC10827173 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.16.575942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan modulates disease activity and the composition of microbiota in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (TC) mouse model of lupus. To directly test the effect of tryptophan on the gut microbiome, we transplanted fecal samples from TC and B6 control mice into germ-free or antibiotic-treated non-autoimmune B6 mice that were fed with a high or low tryptophan diet. The recipient mice with TC microbiota and high tryptophan diet had higher levels of immune activation, autoantibody production and intestinal inflammation. A bloom of Ruminococcus gnavus (Rg), a bacterium associated with disease flares in lupus patients, only emerged in the recipients of TC microbiota fed with high tryptophan. Rg depletion in TC mice decreased autoantibody production and increased the frequency of regulatory T cells. Conversely, TC mice colonized with Rg showed higher autoimmune activation. Overall, these results suggest that the interplay of genetic and tryptophan can influence the pathogenesis of lupus through the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ahmed Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Morgan Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Natalie Six
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Abigail Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Amarnani A, Silverman GJ. Understanding the roles of the microbiome in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 4:177-187. [PMID: 38125641 PMCID: PMC10729600 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome represents a potential promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the links between the gut microbiome and several autoimmune rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) spondyloarthropathies (SpA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Evidence from studies of RA and SLE patients suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome composition and function contribute to disease development and progression through increased gut permeability, with microbes and microbial metabolites driving an excessive systemic activation of the immune system. Also, there is growing evidence that gut dysbiosis and subsequent immune cell activation may contribute to disease pathogenesis in SpA and SS. For SSc, there are fewer, but these are still informative, reports on alterations in the gut microbiome. In general, the complex interplay between the microbiome and the immune system is still not fully understood. Here we discuss the current knowledge of the link between the gut microbiome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases, highlighting potentially fertile areas for future research and make considerations on the potential benefits of strategies that restore gut microbiome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Amarnani
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NYUSA
| | - Gregg J. Silverman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NYUSA
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Crow MK. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: risks, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:999-1014. [PMID: 36792346 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Research elucidating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has defined two critical families of mediators, type I interferon (IFN-I) and autoantibodies targeting nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as fundamental contributors to the disease. On the fertile background of significant genetic risk, a triggering stimulus, perhaps microbial, induces IFN-I, autoantibody production or most likely both. When innate and adaptive immune system cells are engaged and collaborate in the autoimmune response, clinical SLE can develop. This review describes recent data from genetic analyses of patients with SLE, along with current studies of innate and adaptive immune function that contribute to sustained IFN-I pathway activation, immune activation and autoantibody production, generation of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. The goal of these studies is to understand disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets and stimulate development of therapeutics that can achieve improved outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Ma L, Terrell M, Brown J, Castellanos Garcia A, Elshikha A, Morel L. TLR7/TLR8 activation and susceptibility genes synergize to breach gut barrier in a mouse model of lupus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187145. [PMID: 37483626 PMCID: PMC10358848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that increased gut permeability, or leaky gut, and the resulting translocation of pathobionts or their metabolites contributes to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of gut leakage remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of a treatment with a TLR7/8 agonist in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple congenic (TC) mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of lupus without gut leakage. Materials and methods Lupus-prone mice (TC), TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack B and T cells, and congenic B6 healthy controls were treated with R848. Gut barrier integrity was assessed by measuring FITC-dextran in the serum following oral gavage. Claudin-1 and PECAM1 expression as well as the extent of CD45+ immune cells, B220+ B cells, CD3+ T cells and CD11b+ myeloid cells were measured in the ileum by immunofluorescence. NKp46+ cells were measured in the ileum and colon by immunofluorescence. Immune cells in the ileum were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results R848 decreased gut barrier integrity in TC but not in congenic control B6 mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the ileum showed a reduced expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-1, endothelial cell tight junction PECAM1, as well as an increased infiltration of immune cells, including B cells and CD11b+ cells, in R848-treated TC as compared to untreated control mice. However, NKp46+ cells which play critical role in maintaining gut barrier integrity, had a lower frequency in treated TC mice. Flow cytometry showed an increased frequency of plasma cells, dendritic cells and macrophages along with a decreased frequency of NK cells in R848 treated TC mice lamina propria. In addition, we showed that the R848 treatment did not induce gut leakage in TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack mature T and B cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TLR7/8 activation induces a leaky gut in lupus-prone mice, which is mediated by adaptive immune responses. TLR7/8 activation is however not sufficient to breach gut barrier integrity in non-autoimmune mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Morgan Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abigail Castellanos Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Botía-Sánchez M, Galicia G, Albaladejo-Marico L, Toro-Domínguez D, Morell M, Marcos-Fernández R, Margolles A, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction in lupus triggers a differential humoral response against gut commensals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200769. [PMID: 37346043 PMCID: PMC10280985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement including intestinal inflammation. Lupus-associated intestinal inflammation may alter the mucosal barrier where millions of commensals have a dynamic and selective interaction with the host immune system. Here, we investigated the consequences of the intestinal inflammation in a TLR7-mediated lupus model. Methods IgA humoral and cellular response in the gut was measured. The barrier function of the gut epithelial layer was characterised. Also, microbiota composition in the fecal matter was analysed as well as the systemic humoral response to differential commensals. Results The lupus-associated intestinal inflammation modifies the IgA+ B cell response in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue in association with dysbiosis. Intestinal inflammation alters the tight junction protein distribution in the epithelial barrier, which correlated with increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and changes in the microbiota composition. This permeability resulted in a differential humoral response against intestinal commensals. Discussion Lupus development can cause alterations in microbiota composition, allowing specific species to colonize only the lupus gut. Eventually, these alterations and the changes in gut permeability induced by intestinal inflammation could lead to bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Botía-Sánchez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Georgina Galicia
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Marcos-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada, Andalusian Government, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang C, Lin Y, Chen L, Chen H. Gut microbiota mediated the effects of high relative humidity on lupus in female MRL/lpr mice. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:24. [PMID: 37217962 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between humidity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has yielded inconsistent results in prior research, while the effects of humidity on lupus in animal experiments and its underlying mechanism remain inadequately explored. METHODS The present study aimed to investigate the impact of high humidity (80 ± 5%) on lupus using female and male MRL/lpr mice, with a particular focus on elucidating the role of gut microbiota in this process. To this end, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to transfer the gut microbiota of MRL/lpr mice under high humidity to blank MRL/lpr mice under normal humidity (50 ± 5%), allowing for an assessment of the effect of FMT on lupus. RESULTS The study revealed that high humidity exacerbated lupus indices (serum anti-dsDNA, ANA, IL-6, and IFN- g, and renal pathology) in female MRL/lpr mice but had no significant effect on male MRL/lpr mice. The aggravation of lupus caused by high humidity may be attributed to the increased abundances of the Rikenella, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Escherichia-Shigella genera in female MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, FMT also exacerbated lupus in female MRL/lpr mice but not in male MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION In summary, this study has demonstrated that high humidity exacerbated lupus by modulating gut microbiota in female MRL/lpr mice. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors and gut microbiota in the development and progression of lupus, particularly among female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yongqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Leiming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Balmant BD, Fonseca DC, Prudêncio APA, Rocha IM, Callado L, Alves JTM, Torrinhas RSMDM, Borba EF, Waitzberg DL. Megamonas funiformis, Plasma Zonulin, and Sodium Intake Affect C3 Complement Levels in Inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081999. [PMID: 37111218 PMCID: PMC10144636 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors potentially contributing. This study aimed to explore the relationship among gut microbiota (GM), intestinal permeability, and food intake with inflammatory markers in inactive SLE patients. A total of 22 women with inactive SLE and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and dietary intake was assessed through 24-h dietary recalls. Plasma zonulin was used to evaluate intestinal permeability, while GM was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Regression models were used to analyze laboratory markers of lupus disease (C3 and C4 complement and C-reactive protein). Our results showed that the genus Megamonas was significantly enriched in the iSLE group (p < 0.001), with Megamonas funiformis associated with all evaluated laboratory tests (p < 0.05). Plasma zonulin was associated with C3 levels (p = 0.016), and sodium intake was negatively associated with C3 and C4 levels (p < 0.05). A combined model incorporating variables from each group (GM, intestinal permeability, and food intake) demonstrated a significant association with C3 complement levels (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that increased Megamonas funiformis abundance, elevated plasma zonulin, and higher sodium intake may contribute to reduced C3 complement levels in women with inactive SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Depieri Balmant
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristina Fonseca
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Aguiar Prudêncio
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ilanna Marques Rocha
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Letícia Callado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Susana Matos de Miranda Torrinhas
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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Pinakhina D, Yermakovich D, Vergasova E, Kasyanov E, Rukavishnikov G, Rezapova V, Kolosov N, Sergushichev A, Popov I, Kovalenko E, Ilinskaya A, Kim A, Plotnikov N, Ilinsky V, Neznanov N, Mazo G, Kibitov A, Rakitko A, Artomov M. GWAS of depression in 4,520 individuals from the Russian population highlights the role of MAGI2 ( S-SCAM) in the gut-brain axis. Front Genet 2023; 13:972196. [PMID: 36685848 PMCID: PMC9845291 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.972196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the results of the depression Genome-wide association studies study performed on a cohort of Russian-descent individuals, which identified a novel association at chromosome 7q21 locus. Gene prioritization analysis based on already known depression risk genes indicated MAGI2 (S-SCAM) as the most probable gene from the locus and potential susceptibility gene for the disease. Brain and gut expression patterns were the main features highlighting functional relatedness of MAGI2 to the previously known depression risk genes. Local genetic covariance analysis, analysis of gene expression, provided initial suggestive evidence of hospital anxiety and depression scale and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders scales having a different relationship with gut-brain axis disturbance. It should be noted, that while several independent methods successfully in silico validate the role of MAGI2, we were unable to replicate genetic association for the leading variant in the MAGI2 locus, therefore the role of rs521851 in depression should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Evgeny Kasyanov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grigory Rukavishnikov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriia Rezapova
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nikita Kolosov
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valery Ilinsky
- Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia,V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikholay Neznanov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Galina Mazo
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kibitov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Rakitko
- Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia,V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mykyta Artomov
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Mykyta Artomov,
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Schinnerling K, Penny HA, Soto JA, Melo-Gonzalez F. Immune Responses at Host Barriers and Their Importance in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:3-24. [PMID: 37093419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Host barriers such as the skin, the lung mucosa, the intestinal mucosa and the oral cavity are crucial at preventing contact with potential threats and are populated by a diverse population of innate and adaptive immune cells. Alterations in antigen recognition driven by genetic and environmental factors can lead to autoimmune systemic diseases such rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and food allergy. Here we review how different immune cells residing at epithelial barriers, host-derived signals and environmental signals are involved in the initiation and progression of autoimmune responses in these diseases. We discuss how regulation of innate responses at these barriers and the influence of environmental factors such as the microbiota can affect the susceptibility to develop local and systemic autoimmune responses particularly in the cases of food allergy, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Induction of pathogenic autoreactive immune responses at host barriers in these diseases can contribute to the initiation and progression of their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo A Penny
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Immune-Related Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122382. [PMID: 36557635 PMCID: PMC9782003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic illnesses due to their roles in immune system modulation and anti-inflammatory response. They have been shown to reduce inflammation in a number of immune-related disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) are two different types of bacteria that play a significant part in this function. It has been established that Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium are abundant in normal populations and have protective benefits on digestive health while also enhancing the immune system, metabolism, and gut barrier of the host. They have the potential to be a therapeutic target in diseases connected to the microbiota, such as immunological disorders and cancer immunotherapy. There has not been a review of the anti-inflammatory effects of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium, particularly in immunological diseases. In this review, we highlight the most recent scientific findings regarding A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii as two significant gut microbiota for microbiome alterations and seek to provide cutting-edge insight in terms of microbiome-targeted therapies as promising preventive and therapeutic tools in immune-related diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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12
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Long COVID and the Neuroendocrinology of Microbial Translocation Outside the GI Tract: Some Treatment Strategies. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to previous pandemics, COVID-19 has been succeeded by well-documented post-infectious sequelae, including chronic fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, and concentration difficulties, which may last 5 to 12 weeks or longer after the acute phase of illness. Both the psychological stress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and being diagnosed with COVID-19 can upregulate cortisol, a stress hormone that disrupts the efferocytosis effectors, macrophages, and natural killer cells, leading to the excessive accumulation of senescent cells and disruption of biological barriers. This has been well-established in cancer patients who often experience unrelenting fatigue as well as gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction upon treatment with senescence-inducing radiation or chemotherapy. In our previous research from 2020 and 2021, we linked COVID-19 to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) via angiotensin II upregulation, premature endothelial senescence, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and microbial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation. In 2021 and 2022, these hypotheses were validated and SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular senescence as well as microbial translocation were documented in both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, and ME/CFS, connecting intestinal barrier dysfunction to disabling fatigue and specific infectious events. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize what is currently known about host immune responses to translocated gut microbes and how these responses relate to fatiguing illnesses, including long COVID. To accomplish this goal, we examine the role of intestinal and blood–brain barriers in long COVID and other illnesses typified by chronic fatigue, with a special emphasis on commensal microbes functioning as viral reservoirs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of SARS-CoV-2/Mycoplasma coinfection in dysfunctional efferocytosis, emphasizing some potential novel treatment strategies, including the use of senotherapeutic drugs, HMGB1 inhibitors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) blockers, and membrane lipid replacement.
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Immunometabolic alterations in lupus: where do they come from and where do we go from there? Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 78:102245. [PMID: 36122544 PMCID: PMC10161929 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the overactivation of the immune system has been associated with metabolic alterations. Targeting the altered immunometabolism has been proposed to treat SLE patients based on their results obtained and mouse models of the disease. Here, we review the recent literature to discuss the possible origins of the alterations in the metabolism of immune cells in lupus, the dominant role of mitochondrial defects, technological advances that may move the field forward, as well as how targeting lupus immunometabolism may have therapeutic potential.
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Silverman GJ, Deng J, Azzouz DF. Sex-dependent Lupus Blautia (Ruminococcus) gnavus strain induction of zonulin-mediated intestinal permeability and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897971. [PMID: 36032126 PMCID: PMC9405438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the gut microbiome are suspected contributors to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and our studies and others have documented that patients with active Lupus nephritis have expansions of the obligate anaerobe, Blautia (Ruminococcus) gnavus (RG). To investigate whether the RG strains in Lupus patients have in vivo pathogenic properties in a gnotobiotic system, we colonized C57BL/6 mice with individual RG strains from healthy adults or those from Lupus patients. These strains were similar in their capacity for murine intestinal colonization of antibiotic-preconditioned specific-pathogen-free, as well as of germ-free adults and of their neonatally colonized litters. Lupus-derived RG strains induced high levels of intestinal permeability that was significantly greater in female than male mice, whereas the RG species-type strain (ATCC29149/VPI C7-1) from a healthy donor had little or no effects. These Lupus RG strain-induced functional alterations were associated with RG translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, and raised serum levels of zonulin, a regulator of tight junction formation between cells that form the gut barrier. Notably, the level of Lupus RG-induced intestinal permeability was significantly correlated with serum IgG anti RG cell-wall lipoglycan antibodies, and with anti-native DNA autoantibodies that are a biomarker for SLE. Strikingly, gut permeability was completely reversed by oral treatment with larazotide acetate, an octapeptide that is a specific molecular antagonist of zonulin. Taken together, these studies document a pathway by which RG strains from Lupus patients contribute to a leaky gut and features of autoimmunity implicated in the pathogenesis of flares of clinical Lupus disease.
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Yoshikawa S, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Ikeda Y, Tsuji A, Matsuda S. Encouraging probiotics for the prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in novel immunotherapies against malignant glioma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:817-827. [PMID: 36654824 PMCID: PMC9834274 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the malignant tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), glioma is the most challenging tumor to the public society, which accounts for the majority of intracranial malignant tumors with impaired brain function. In general, conventional therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. However, novel immunotherapies have changed the treatment scene giving patients a greater potential to attain long term survival, improved quality of life. Having shown favorable results in solid tumors, those therapies are now at a cancer research hotspot, which could even shrink the growth of glioma cells without causing severe complications. However, it is important to recognize that the therapy may be occasionally associated with noteworthy adverse action called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) which have emerged as a potential limitation of the therapy. Multiple classes of mediators have been developed to enhance the ability of immune system to target malignant tumors including glioma but may also be associated with the IRAEs. In addition, it is probable that it would take long time after the therapy to exhibit severe immune-related disorders. Gut microbiota could play an integral role in optimal immune development and/or appropriate function for the cancer therapy, which is a vital component of the multidirectional communication between immune system, brain, and gut, also known as gut-brain-immune axis. Here, we show the potential effects of the gut-brain-immune axis based on an "engram theory" for the innovative treatment of IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kurumi Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan,Correspondence: Satoru Matsuda, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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