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Mohaimin AZ, Krishnamoorthy S, Shivanand P. A critical review on bioaerosols-dispersal of crop pathogenic microorganisms and their impact on crop yield. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:587-628. [PMID: 38001398 PMCID: PMC10920616 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are potential sources of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause devastating outbreaks of global crop diseases. Various microorganisms, insects and viroids are known to cause severe crop diseases impeding global agro-economy. Such losses threaten global food security, as it is estimated that almost 821 million people are underfed due to global crisis in food production. It is estimated that global population would reach 10 billion by 2050. Hence, it is imperative to substantially increase global food production to about 60% more than the existing levels. To meet the increasing demand, it is essential to control crop diseases and increase yield. Better understanding of the dispersive nature of bioaerosols, seasonal variations, regional diversity and load would enable in formulating improved strategies to control disease severity, onset and spread. Further, insights on regional and global bioaerosol composition and dissemination would help in predicting and preventing endemic and epidemic outbreaks of crop diseases. Advanced knowledge of the factors influencing disease onset and progress, mechanism of pathogen attachment and penetration, dispersal of pathogens, life cycle and the mode of infection, aid the development and implementation of species-specific and region-specific preventive strategies to control crop diseases. Intriguingly, development of R gene-mediated resistant varieties has shown promising results in controlling crop diseases. Forthcoming studies on the development of an appropriately stacked R gene with a wide range of resistance to crop diseases would enable proper management and yield. The article reviews various aspects of pathogenic bioaerosols, pathogen invasion and infestation, crop diseases and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Zul'Adly Mohaimin
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sarayu Krishnamoorthy
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Pooja Shivanand
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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2
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Chooi KM, Bell VA, Blouin AG, Sandanayaka M, Gough R, Chhagan A, MacDiarmid RM. The New Zealand perspective of an ecosystem biology response to grapevine leafroll disease. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:213-272. [PMID: 38461030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a major pathogen of grapevines worldwide resulting in grapevine leafroll disease (GLD), reduced fruit yield, berry quality and vineyard profitability. Being graft transmissible, GLRaV-3 is also transmitted between grapevines by multiple hemipteran insects (mealybugs and soft scale insects). Over the past 20 years, New Zealand has developed and utilized integrated pest management (IPM) solutions that have slowly transitioned to an ecosystem-based biological response to GLD. These IPM solutions and combinations are based on a wealth of research within the temperate climates of New Zealand's nation-wide grape production. To provide context, the grapevine viruses present in the national vineyard estate and how these have been identified are described; the most pathogenic and destructive of these is GLRaV-3. We provide an overview of research on GLRaV-3 genotypes and biology within grapevines and describe the progressive development of GLRaV-3/GLD diagnostics based on molecular, serological, visual, and sensor-based technologies. Research on the ecology and control of the mealybugs Pseudococcus calceolariae and P. longispinus, the main insect vectors of GLRaV-3 in New Zealand, is described together with the implications of mealybug biological control agents and prospects to enhance their abundance and/or fitness in the vineyard. Virus transmission by mealybugs is described, with emphasis on understanding the interactions between GLRaV-3, vectors, and plants (grapevines, alternative hosts, or non-hosts of the virus). Disease management through grapevine removal and the economic influence of different removal strategies is detailed. Overall, the review summarizes research by an interdisciplinary team working in close association with the national industry body, New Zealand Winegrowers. Teamwork and communication across the whole industry has enabled implementation of research for the management of GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughn A Bell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North, New Zealand.
| | | | | | - Rebecca Gough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Asha Chhagan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Gholampour Z, Zakiaghl M, Asquini E, Moser M, Gualandri V, Mehrvar M, Si-Ammour A. Application of High-Throughput Sequencing for Comprehensive Virome Profiling in Grapevines Shows Yellows in Iran. Viruses 2024; 16:204. [PMID: 38399980 PMCID: PMC10891595 DOI: 10.3390/v16020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the whole spectrum of viruses and viroids in five Iranian grapevine cultivars was carried out using sRNA libraries prepared from phloem tissue. A comparison of two approaches to virus detection from sRNAome data indicated a significant difference in the results and performance of the aligners in viral genome reconstruction. The results showed a complex virome in terms of viral composition, abundance, and richness. Thirteen viruses and viroids were identified in five Iranian grapevine cultivars, among which the grapevine red blotch virus and grapevine satellite virus were detected for the first time in Iranian vineyards. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV1) and grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) were highly dominant in the virome. However, their frequency and abundance were somewhat different among grapevine cultivars. The results revealed a mixed infection of GLRaV1/grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1) and GFLV/GYSVd1 in grapevines that exhibited yellows and vein banding. We also propose a threshold of 14% of complete reconstruction as an appropriate threshold for detection of grapevine viruses that can be used as indicators for reliable grapevine virome profiling or in quarantine stations and certification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholampour
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Iran; (Z.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammad Zakiaghl
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Iran; (Z.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Elisa Asquini
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Mirko Moser
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Gualandri
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Mohsen Mehrvar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Iran; (Z.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Azeddine Si-Ammour
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (E.A.); (M.M.); (V.G.)
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4
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Corcoran JA, Mahaffee WF. Identification of a receptor for the sex pheromone of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 5:100072. [PMID: 38314008 PMCID: PMC10837065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2024.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, is a significant pest of vineyards in all major grape growing regions of the world. This pest causes significant aesthetic damage to berry clusters through its feeding behavior and secretion of "honeydew", which leads to significant decreases in crop marketability. More importantly, the vine mealybug is a vector of several grapevine viruses which are the causal agent of grapevine leafroll disease, one of the most destructive and economically devastating diseases of the grape industry worldwide. As there is no cure for grapevine leafroll disease, the only control measures available to reduce its spread are to remove infected vines whilst simultaneously controlling mealybug populations. Using transcriptomic libraries prepared from male and female mealybugs and a draft genome, we identified and evaluated expression levels of members of the odorant receptor gene family. Interestingly, of the 50 odorant receptors identified from these P. ficus genetic resources, only 23 were found to be expressed in females, suggesting this flightless life stage has a decreased reliance on the olfactory system. In contrast, 46 odorant receptors were found to be expressed in the alate male life stage. Heterologous expression of eight of these receptors, along with the obligate co-receptor, Orco, in HEK293 cells allowed for the identification of two receptors that respond to lavandulyl senecioate, the sole constituent of the sex pheromone used by this species. Interestingly, one of these receptors, PficOR8, also responded to the sex pheromone used by the Japanese mealybug, Planococcus kraunhiae. The data presented here represent the first report of odorant receptor gene family expression levels, as well as the identification of the first sex pheromone receptor, in soft-scale insects. The identification of a receptor for the vine mealybug sex pheromone will allow for the development of novel, species-specific pest control tools and monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Corcoran
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Walter F Mahaffee
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Mansour R, Bauer AL, Goodarzi M, Hoffmann C. Toxicity of Pesticides Applied in European Vineyards on Anagyrus vladimiri and Trichogramma evanescens, Parasitoids of Planococcus ficus and Lobesia botrana. INSECTS 2023; 14:907. [PMID: 38132581 PMCID: PMC10744053 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments of chemical pesticides toward natural enemies are crucial for ensuring sustainable grapevine-integrated pest management. In this context, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of four insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and cyantraniliprole) and one fungicide (spiroxamine) commonly applied in German (European) vineyards on the pupae and adults of both Anagyrus vladimiri, a parasitoid of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus, and Trichogramma evanescens, a parasitoid of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana. The tested pesticides did not significantly affect the development of the pupal stage inside mealybug mummies or the emergence of the parasitoid A. vladimiri. The pesticides flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine resulted in the highest mortality percentages for all emerged A. vladimiri parasitoids at 8 and 10 days after treatment compared with either in lambda-cyhalothrin or cyantraniliprole. However, all pesticides, except the diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole, significantly affected the development of the pupal stage and the emergence of the parasitoid T. evanescens. The percentages of T. evanescens emergence following the application of the fungicide spiroxamine or either lambda-cyhalothrin or flupyradifurone were significantly higher than those observed in the acetamiprid treatment. Regarding direct contact toxicity, the highest percentages (100%) of A. vladimiri adult parasitoid mortality were obtained in the flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine treatments, while the lowest mortality percentages were observed in lambda-cyhalothrin, cyantraniliprole, and untreated control treatments. According to the IOBC classes of toxicity, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine were classified as harmful, while both lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole were classified as slightly harmful to A. vladimiri adults. As such, all pesticides had a significant impact on the survival of exposed T. evanescens adults. The highest percentages of adult T. evanescens mortality were obtained in the flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine treatments, with the fungicide spiroxamine resulting in significantly higher mortality percentages than either flupyradifurone or acetamiprid, while the lowest mortality percentages were found in the lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole treatments. Therefore, applying the insecticides acetamiprid and/or flupyradifurone and the fungicide spiroxamine should be avoided when A. vladimiri and/or T. evanescens are naturally present or released in grapes. The insights gained from these two easy-to-rear parasitoid species allow analogous conclusions to be drawn for closely related species in vineyards belonging to either family Encyrtidae or Trichogrammatidae, which are not easy to rear. Interestingly, using the safer insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and/or cyantraniliprole could be compatible with both parasitoid species, which could be sustainably exploited in either conservation or augmentative biological control in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Mansour
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
- Higher Institute for Preparatory Studies in Biology-Geology (ISEP-BG), Section of Biological Sciences, University of Carthage, Tunis, La Soukra 2036, Tunisia
| | - Anna Lena Bauer
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Maryam Goodarzi
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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Galvan FER, Pavlick R, Trolley G, Aggarwal S, Sousa D, Starr C, Forrestel E, Bolton S, Alsina MDM, Dokoozlian N, Gold KM. Scalable Early Detection of Grapevine Viral Infection with Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1439-1446. [PMID: 37097472 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0030-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. wine and grape industry loses $3B annually due to viral diseases including grapevine leafroll-associated virus complex 3 (GLRaV-3). Current detection methods are labor-intensive and expensive. GLRaV-3 has a latent period in which the vines are infected but do not display visible symptoms, making it an ideal model to evaluate the scalability of imaging spectroscopy-based disease detection. The NASA Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation was deployed to detect GLRaV-3 in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in Lodi, CA in September 2020. Foliage was removed from the vines as part of mechanical harvest soon after image acquisition. In September of both 2020 and 2021, industry collaborators scouted 317 hectares on a vine-by-vine basis for visible viral symptoms and collected a subset for molecular confirmation testing. Symptomatic grapevines identified in 2021 were assumed to have been latently infected at the time of image acquisition. Random forest models were trained on a spectroscopic signal of noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected grapevines balanced with synthetic minority oversampling of noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected grapevines. The models were able to differentiate between noninfected and GLRaV-3 infected vines both pre- and postsymptomatically at 1 to 5 m resolution. The best-performing models had 87% accuracy distinguishing between noninfected and asymptomatic vines, and 85% accuracy distinguishing between noninfected and asymptomatic + symptomatic vines. The importance of nonvisible wavelengths suggests that this capacity is driven by disease-induced changes to plant physiology. The results lay a foundation for using the forthcoming hyperspectral satellite Surface Biology and Geology for regional disease monitoring in grapevine and other crop species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Pavlick
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
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Jiang T, Zhou T. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Virus-Induced Symptom Development in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2830. [PMID: 37570983 PMCID: PMC10421249 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, induce significant changes in the cellular physiology of host cells to facilitate their multiplication. These alterations often lead to the development of symptoms that interfere with normal growth and development, causing USD 60 billion worth of losses per year, worldwide, in both agricultural and horticultural crops. However, existing literature often lacks a clear and concise presentation of the key information regarding the mechanisms underlying plant virus-induced symptoms. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive review to highlight the crucial interactions between plant viruses and host factors, discussing key genes that increase viral virulence and their roles in influencing cellular processes such as dysfunction of chloroplast proteins, hormone manipulation, reactive oxidative species accumulation, and cell cycle control, which are critical for symptom development. Moreover, we explore the alterations in host metabolism and gene expression that are associated with virus-induced symptoms. In addition, the influence of environmental factors on virus-induced symptom development is discussed. By integrating these various aspects, this review provides valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying virus-induced symptoms in plants, and emphasizes the urgency of addressing viral diseases to ensure sustainable agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Cabaleiro C, Pesqueira AM, García-Berrios JJ. Assessment of Symptoms of Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Relationship with Yield and Quality of Pinot Noir Grape Must in a 10-Year Study Period. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112127. [PMID: 37299106 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is caused by one or more of the Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). GLD's symptoms are expected to be evident in indicator cultivars, regardless of the GLRaV(s) involved. In the present study, disease incidence (I) and severity (S), symptoms before veraison (Sy < V), a disease severity index (DSI) and an earliness index (EI) (2013-2022) were recorded in order to examine the factors affecting the evolution of GLD in Pinot noir graft inoculated with scions infected with GLRaV-3 that, in origin, showed a diversity of GLD symptoms. Strong correlations between I and S (r = 0.94) and between Sy < V and EI (r = 0.94) were observed; early symptoms proved good predictors of incidence and severity after veraison and of yield and sugar content of the must. The environmental conditions and time after infection did not modify the wide range of symptoms (I: 0-81.5%; S: 0.1-4) that corresponded with the variation in losses (<0-88% for yield and <0-24% for sugar content). With all other factors being constant, the significant differences between plants were mainly due to the GLRaVs present. Plants infected with some GLRaV-3 isolates always had mild symptoms or remained asymptomatic 10 years after grafting but remained a source of infection for GLRaV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cabaleiro
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana M Pesqueira
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Julián J García-Berrios
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Proyectos de Ingeniería, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Habili N, Wu Q, Rinaldo A, Constable F. A Chronological Study on Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 2 in Australia. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051105. [PMID: 37243191 DOI: 10.3390/v15051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease affects the health status of grapevines worldwide. Most studies in Australia have focused on grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1 and 3, while little attention has been given to other leafroll virus types, in particular, grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2). A chronological record of the temporal occurrence of GLRaV-2 in Australia since 2001 is reported. From a total of 11,257 samples, 313 tested positive, with an overall incidence of 2.7%. This virus has been detected in 18 grapevine varieties and Vitis rootstocks in different regions of Australia. Most varieties were symptomless on their own roots, while Chardonnay showed a decline in virus-sensitive rootstocks. An isolate of GLRaV-2, on own-rooted Vitis vinifera cv. Grenache, clone SA137, was associated with severe leafroll symptoms after veraison with abnormal leaf necrosis. The metagenomic sequencing results of the virus in two plants of this variety confirmed the presence of GLRaV-2, as well as two inert viruses, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) and grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV). No other leafroll-associated viruses were detected. Among the viroids, hop stunt viroid and grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 were detected. Of the six phylogenetic groups identified in GLRaV-2, we report the presence of four groups in Australia. Three of these groups were detected in two plants of cv. Grenache, without finding any recombination event. The hypersensitive reaction of certain American hybrid rootstocks to GLRaV-2 is discussed. Due to the association of GLRaV-2 with graft incompatibility and vine decline, the risk from this virus in regions where hybrid Vitis rootstocks are used cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuredin Habili
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove, crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Qi Wu
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove, crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Amy Rinaldo
- GRDC, 187 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, SA 5065, Australia
| | - Fiona Constable
- AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria' Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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10
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Wu Q, Habili N, Kinoti WM, Tyerman SD, Rinaldo A, Zheng L, Constable FE. A Metagenomic Investigation of the Viruses Associated with Shiraz Disease in Australia. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030774. [PMID: 36992482 PMCID: PMC10056481 DOI: 10.3390/v15030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiraz disease (SD) is an economically important virus-associated disease that can significantly reduce yield in sensitive grapevine varieties and has so far only been reported in South Africa and Australia. In this study, RT-PCR and metagenomic high-throughput sequencing was used to study the virome of symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines within vineyards affected by SD and located in South Australia. Results showed that grapevine virus A (GVA) phylogroup II variants were strongly associated with SD symptoms in Shiraz grapevines that also had mixed infections of viruses including combinations of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 strains 5, 6 and 9 (GLRaV-4/5, GLRaV-4/6, GLRaV-4/9). GVA phylogroup III variants, on the other hand, were present in both symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines, suggesting no or decreased virulence of these strains. Similarly, only GVA phylogroup I variants were found in heritage Shiraz grapevines affected by mild leafroll disease, along with GLRaV-1, suggesting this phylogroup may not be associated with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Nuredin Habili
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Wycliff M Kinoti
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Amy Rinaldo
- Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Linda Zheng
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Fiona E Constable
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Tatineni S, Hein GL. Plant Viruses of Agricultural Importance: Current and Future Perspectives of Virus Disease Management Strategies. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:117-141. [PMID: 36095333 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0167-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause significant losses in agricultural crops worldwide, affecting the yield and quality of agricultural products. The emergence of novel viruses or variants through genetic evolution and spillover from reservoir host species, changes in agricultural practices, mixed infections with disease synergism, and impacts from global warming pose continuous challenges for the management of epidemics resulting from emerging plant virus diseases. This review describes some of the most devastating virus diseases plus select virus diseases with regional importance in agriculturally important crops that have caused significant yield losses. The lack of curative measures for plant virus infections prompts the use of risk-reducing measures for managing plant virus diseases. These measures include exclusion, avoidance, and eradication techniques, along with vector management practices. The use of sensitive, high throughput, and user-friendly diagnostic methods is crucial for defining preventive and management strategies against plant viruses. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has great potential for detecting unknown viruses in quarantine samples. The deployment of genetic resistance in crop plants is an effective and desirable method of managing virus diseases. Several dominant and recessive resistance genes have been used to manage virus diseases in crops. Recently, RNA-based technologies such as dsRNA- and siRNA-based RNA interference, microRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 provide transgenic and nontransgenic approaches for developing virus-resistant crop plants. Importantly, the topical application of dsRNA, hairpin RNA, and artificial microRNA and trans-active siRNA molecules on plants has the potential to develop GMO-free virus disease management methods. However, the long-term efficacy and acceptance of these new technologies, especially transgenic methods, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Gary L Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
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12
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Lee J, Rennaker CD, Thompson BD, Dahan J, Karasev AV. Idaho ‘cabernet sauvignon’ grape composition altered by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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13
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Potential Implications and Management of Grapevine Viruses in Mexico: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, virus infections in grapevines are of concern due to the potential for economic loss. Although the grape industry in Mexico is relatively small and focused mainly on the local market, production dates back to the time of the Spanish colonization. This manuscript discusses the findings on grapevine viruses in Mexico. Nine viruses have been identified in the last fifty years, including grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and grapevine virus A (GVA). Important information is provided about these viruses and viral pathogens that have not yet been reported in Mexico, but represent an ongoing threat to plant health and grapevine production in other viticultural regions of the world. Strategies for virus control in vineyards are described. The information discussed here should be shared with growers and stakeholders to prevent future negative impacts on the Mexican grapevine industry and to save ancient grapevine accessions.
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Kovaleva IA, Janse LA, Konup LA, Zelenyanskaya NN, Vlasov VV, Konup AI, Muljukina NA, Kyryk NN, Pikovskyi MY. Detecting the Infection of the Cabernet Sauvignon Variety of Clonal Origin by Grape Viruses. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Hommay G, Beuve M, Herrbach E. Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses and Grapevine Virus A by Vineyard-Sampled Soft Scales ( Parthenolecanium corni, Hemiptera: Coccidae). Viruses 2022; 14:v14122679. [PMID: 36560683 PMCID: PMC9784781 DOI: 10.3390/v14122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by scale insects belonging to several species, among which is the European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera Coccidae). Our objective was to characterize the transmission biology of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) and grapevine virus A (GVA) by this soft scale species in order to evaluate its ability to spread these viruses. In transmission experiments with nymphs sampled from different vineyards infected with GLRaV 1, 2, 3 and GVA, P. corni transmitted only GLRaV 1 and GVA to healthy vines. GVA was predominantly transmitted along with GLRaV 1, whereas the latter could be transmitted alone from single or co-infected vines. Vineyard-sampled second instar nymphs were more efficient than first instars at transmitting GLRaV 1, whereas both instars displayed similar transmission rates for GVA. Short virus inoculation access periods and the absence of virus in eggs of females living on infected grapevines fulfilled the criteria of non-circulative semi-persistent transmission mode.
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16
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Yang S, Mao Q, Wang Y, He J, Yang J, Chen X, Xiao Y, He Y, Zhao M, Lu J, Yang Z, Dai Z, Liu Q, Yao Y, Lu X, Li H, Zhou R, Zeng J, Li W, Zhou C, Wang X, Shen Q, Xu H, Deng X, Delwart E, Shan T, Zhang W. Expanding known viral diversity in plants: virome of 161 species alongside an ancient canal. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:58. [PMID: 36437477 PMCID: PMC9703751 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since viral metagenomic approach was applied to discover plant viruses for the first time in 2006, many plant viruses had been identified from cultivated and non-cultivated plants. These previous researches exposed that the viral communities (virome) of plants have still largely uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the virome in 161 species belonging to 38 plant orders found in a riverside ecosystem. RESULTS We identified 245 distinct plant-associated virus genomes (88 DNA and 157 RNA viruses) belonging to 27 known viral families, orders, or unclassified virus groups. Some viral genomes were sufficiently divergent to comprise new species, genera, families, or even orders. Some groups of viruses were detected that currently are only known to infect organisms other than plants. It indicates a wider host range for members of these clades than previously recognized theoretically. We cannot rule out that some viruses could be from plant contaminating organisms, although some methods were taken to get rid of them as much as possible. The same viral species could be found in different plants and co-infections were common. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe a complex viral community within a single plant ecosystem and expand our understanding of plant-associated viral diversity and their possible host ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingxian He
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyuan Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Čarija M, Černi S, Stupin-Polančec D, Radić T, Gaši E, Hančević K. Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Replication in Grapevine Hosts Changes through the Dormancy Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233250. [PMID: 36501290 PMCID: PMC9737106 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a graft-transmissible virus present in every viticultural region of the world and poses a large threat to grapevine production. Frequent coinfections with other viruses, the large number of grapevine varieties, the complexity of processes involved in plant response to virus infection, and the lack of studies on GLRaV-3 replication limit our knowledge of GLRaV-3 damaging effects and their background. In this study, five different inocula, one containing GLRaV-3 and others containing GLRaV-3 in combination with different grapevine viruses were green grafted to 52 different grapevine plants of four varieties to analyze the influence of the phenological stage and virus composition on GLRaV-3 replication. Relative concentration analysis by quantitative PCR conducted over a 16-month period revealed that other viruses as well as plant stage had a significant effect on GLRaV-3 replication and symptoms expression. The replication was most pronounced in the deep dormancy stage at the beginning of the infection, and the least at the exit of the dormancy stage. This study brings new insight into GLRaV-3 replication and discusses about viral interactions in one of the most economically important perennial plants, the grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Čarija
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Silvija Černi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Emanuel Gaši
- Institute for Adriatic Crops, 21000 Split, Croatia
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18
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Song Y, Hanner RH, Meng B. Transcriptomic Analyses of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Infection in Leaves and Berries of 'Cabernet Franc'. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081831. [PMID: 36016453 PMCID: PMC9415066 DOI: 10.3390/v14081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses affecting global grape and wine production. GLRaV-3 is the chief agent associated with grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD), the most prevalent and economically destructive grapevine viral disease complex. Response of grapevine to GLRaV-3 infection at the gene expression level is poorly characterized, limiting the understanding of GLRaV-3 pathogenesis and viral-associated symptom development. In this research, we used RNA-Seq to profile the changes in global gene expression of Cabernet franc, a premium red wine grape, analyzing leaf and berry tissues at three key different developmental stages. We have identified 1457 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves and 1181 DEGs in berries. The expression profiles of a subset of DEGs were validated through RT-qPCR, including those involved in photosynthesis (VvPSBP1), carbohydrate partitioning (VvSUT2, VvHT5, VvGBSS1, and VvSUS), flavonoid biosynthesis (VvUFGT, VvLAR1, and VvFLS), defense response (VvPR-10.3, and VvPR-10.7), and mitochondrial activities (ETFB, TIM13, and NDUFA1). GLRaV-3 infection altered source-sink relationship between leaves and berries. Photosynthesis and photosynthate assimilation were inhibited in mature leaves while increased in young berries. The expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis increased in GLRaV-3-infected leaves, correlating with interveinal tissue reddening, a hallmark of GLRD symptoms. Notably, we identified changes in gene expression that suggest a compromised sugar export and increased sugar retrieval in GLRaV-3-infected leaves. Genes associated with mitochondria were down-regulated in both leaves and berries of Cabernet franc infected with GLRaV-3. Results of the present study suggest that GLRaV-3 infection may disrupt mitochondrial function in grapevine leaves, leading to repressed sugar export and accumulation of sugar in mature leaf tissues. The excessive sugar accumulation in GLRaV-3-infected leaves may trigger downstream GLRD symptom development and negatively impact berry quality. We propose a working model to account for the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of GLRaV-3 and symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert H. Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 53876)
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Transmission of Grapevine Ampelo- and Vitiviruses by the Bohemian Mealybug Heliococcus bohemicus Šulc (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Viruses 2022; 14:v14071430. [PMID: 35891410 PMCID: PMC9319757 DOI: 10.3390/v14071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by several scale insect species, including the Bohemian mealybug, Heliococcus bohemicus Šulc. Virus infectivity experiments were performed with this species to study the transmission ability of natural populations living in infected vineyards in Alsace, France. Mealybugs were sampled on vines infected by grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, and -3) and by grapevine virus A (GVA), either alone or in combinations. Out of six natural populations tested, only one, located at Bennwihr, was able to transmit GLRaV-1 and -3 to healthy vines, though with low transmission rates (1.6 and 11.8%, respectively). Mealybugs from Bennwihr were also able to transmit GLRaV-3 from grapevines of another location where H. bohemicus was not a vector. Conversely, mealybugs from two other locations did not transmit any virus acquired from infected grapevines at Bennwihr. These results suggest differences in vector ability between H. bohemicus populations. Moreover, laboratory experiments were developed to estimate the minimal acquisition and inoculation access periods (AAP and IAP, respectively) for virus transmission of GLRaV-1 and -3, and GVA. First instar nymphs transmitted GLRaV-1 after 6 h AAP, GLRaV-3 and GVA together after 1 h AAP, and the three viruses after only 1 h IAP, supporting a semi-persistent mode of transmission. Second instar nymphs fed on multi-infected grapevine for 72 h then starved or fed on potatoes tested positive by RT-PCR for GLRaV-1 and -3 after up to 35 and 40 days, respectively, contrasting with the short retention times generally observed for mealybugs. These findings provide new knowledge of the vector ability of H. bohemicus.
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20
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Wallis CM. Potential effects of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (genus Ampelovirus; family Closteroviridae) or Grapevine red blotch virus (genus Grablovirus; family Geminiviridae) infection on foliar phenolic and amino acid levels. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:213. [PMID: 35725650 PMCID: PMC9208157 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Grapevine (Vitis spp.) viral infections, including those by Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), greatly reduce fruit yields and quality. Evidence exists that host chemistry shifts result in reductions in fruit quality. However, changes over the season in foliar chemistry has not been well examined. Therefore, phenolic and amino acid levels were examined in leaves collected in grapevines with different rootstocks that were healthy or were infected with GLRaV-3 or GRBV. This was part of an effort to assess changes that different pathogens cause in grapevine tissues. Results Month and year appeared to account for the greatest variability in grapevine foliar phenolic or amino acid levels, followed by differences in rootstock, and then differences in infection status. GLRaV-3 infection significantly lowered levels of total and individual hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and GRBV lowered total phenolic levels, total and individual hydroxycinnamic acids. Amino acid levels were increased over controls in vines infected by GLRaV-3, but not with GRBV. Overall, changes within grapevine leaves due to viral infection were likely too small to overcome variability due to sampling time or rootstock cultivar, and therefore such factors should be considered in determining infection effects on plant foliar chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Wallis
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA.
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21
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Martinez-Mercado MA, de Jesús JLD, Galindo-Sánchez CE, Saavedra-Flores A, Carrillo-Tripp J. Novel viral RNA genomes of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35259086 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875), is the most important insect pest in growing areas of the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. in several countries, including Mexico. In Mexico, Baja California (B.C.) is the region with the highest production of V. vinifera L. grapes for industrial purposes. Recently, the diversity of viruses infecting insects only (insect-specific viruses) has been broadly explored to elucidate further ecological viral-host interactions in many insect species, which in some cases has resulted in the application of virus-based biological control agents for insect pests. However, a survey of the Pl. ficus virome has not been done yet. In the present study, we pooled Pl. ficus individuals collected through different vineyards of Ensenada, B.C., Mexico and analysed them by meta-transcriptomics. Novel nearly complete genomes of five RNA viruses were retrieved. These viruses were related to the Iflaviridae and Reoviridae families, and to the Picornavirales and Tolivirales orders. A new isolate belonging to the Dicistroviridae family was also found. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these putative viral genomes group with viruses having hemipteran (including a mealybug species) or other insect hosts, or with viruses associated with insects. Our results suggest that the identified novel RNA viruses could be insect-specific viruses of Pl. ficus. This work is the first insight into the Pl. ficus virome; it guarantees further studies aimed to characterize those viruses with potential for application in biological control of this economically important insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martinez-Mercado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - José Luis Duarte de Jesús
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Clara E Galindo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Anaid Saavedra-Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Jimena Carrillo-Tripp
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), Baja California 22860, Mexico
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22
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Buja I, Sabella E, Monteduro AG, Rizzato S, Bellis LD, Elicio V, Formica L, Luvisi A, Maruccio G. Detection of Ampelovirus and Nepovirus by Lab-on-a-Chip: A Promising Alternative to ELISA Test for Large Scale Health Screening of Grapevine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030147. [PMID: 35323417 PMCID: PMC8945899 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Ampelovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and the Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) are pathogens reported in many grapevine-growing areas all over the world, main causal agents of grapevine leafroll disease and grapevine fanleaf disease, respectively. Prevention of virus spread thanks to rapid diagnosis of infected plants is a key factor for control of both diseases. Although serological (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-ELISA test) and molecular methods are available to reveal the presence of the viruses, they turn out to be quite expensive, time-consuming and laborious, especially for large-scale health screening. Here we report the optimization of a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for GLRaV-3 and GFLV detection, based on an electrochemical transduction and a microfluidic multichamber design for measurements in quadruplicate and simultaneous detection of both targets. The LOC detect GLRaV-3 and GFLV at dilution factors more than 15 times higher than ELISA, providing a higher sensitivity in the detection of both viruses. Furthermore, the platform offers several advantages as easy-to-use, rapid-test, portability and low costs, favoring its potential application for large-scale monitoring programs. Compared to other grapevine virus biosensors, our sensing platform is the first one to provide a dose-dependent calibration curve combined with a microfluidic module for sample analysis and a portable electronics providing an operator-independent read-out scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Buja
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (S.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (S.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (S.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Vito Elicio
- Agritest s.r.l., Tecnopolis Casamassima, Km. 3, Strada Provinciale Ceglie Valenzano, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (V.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Lilia Formica
- Agritest s.r.l., Tecnopolis Casamassima, Km. 3, Strada Provinciale Ceglie Valenzano, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (V.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, CNR-Institute of Nanotechnology, INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (S.R.); (G.M.)
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23
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Major Biological Control Strategies for Plant Pathogens. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020273. [PMID: 35215215 PMCID: PMC8879208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance is incessantly required in the current scenario. In view of this, sustainable modes of agricultural practices offer better promise and hence are gaining prominence recently. Moreover, these methods have taken precedence currently over chemical-based methods of pest restriction and pathogen control. Adoption of Biological Control is one such crucial technique that is currently in the forefront. Over a period of time, various biocontrol strategies have been experimented with and some have exhibited great success and promise. This review highlights the different methods of plant-pathogen control, types of plant pathogens, their modus operandi and various biocontrol approaches employing a range of microorganisms and their byproducts. The study lays emphasis on the use of upcoming methodologies like microbiome management and engineering, phage cocktails, genetically modified biocontrol agents and microbial volatilome as available strategies to sustainable agricultural practices. More importantly, a critical analysis of the various methods enumerated in the paper indicates the need to amalgamate these techniques in order to improve the degree of biocontrol offered by them.
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Daane KM, Cooper ML, Mercer NH, Hogg BN, Yokota GY, Haviland DR, Welter SC, Cave FE, Sial AA, Boyd EA. Pheromone Deployment Strategies for Mating Disruption of a Vineyard Mealybug. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2439-2451. [PMID: 34694405 PMCID: PMC8648387 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), is a primary vineyard pest in California and other grape-growing regions throughout the World. Mating disruption programs are commercially available to manage Pl. ficus, but widespread adoption has been limited, in part, by high costs compared with insecticide programs. To improve mating disruption economic effectiveness, different deployment technologies (passive, aerosol, and microencapsulated formulations) were individually examined. Adult male Pl. ficus captures in pheromone traps and categorical ratings of vine infestation or crop damage suggest that all deployment strategies lowered mealybug densities or damage. Using passive dispensers, deployment rates of 310 and 465 per ha lowered Pl. ficus crop damage similar to 615 per ha, a rate commonly used in commercial operations; reduced rates would lower product and deployment costs. Meso dispensers, containing more a.i., deployed at 35 per ha did not have a treatment impact, but a microencapsulated formulation and aerosol canisters lowered male flight captures and/or crop damage. Male mealybug flight activity was greatest from 0500-1100 hr, which coincided with temperatures >16° and <32°C. These restricted times and temperatures suggest programable dispensers might allow pheromone deployment to coincide only with flight patterns. A large field trial using passive dispensers found greater treatment separation after 3 yr of pheromone deployment. Discrepancies in results among vineyards may be related to Pl. ficus density, but combined results from all trials suggest that different deployment technologies can be used to impact Pl. ficus densities and damage, even at reduced rates, especially with continued use over multiple seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Monica L Cooper
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Napa County, 1710 Soscol Avenue, Napa, CA, USA
| | - Nathan H Mercer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian N Hogg
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Y Yokota
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David R Haviland
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Kern County, 1031 South Mount Vernon, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - Stephen C Welter
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frances E Cave
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Sial
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Boyd
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- College of Agriculture, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
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25
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Avital A, Muzika NS, Persky Z, Karny A, Bar G, Michaeli Y, Shklover J, Shainsky J, Weissman H, Shoseyov O, Schroeder A. Foliar Delivery of siRNA Particles for Treating Viral Infections in Agricultural Grapevines. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101003. [PMID: 34744552 PMCID: PMC7611933 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a globally spreading viral infection that causes major economic losses by reducing crop yield, plant longevity and berry quality, with no effective treatment. Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is the most severe and prevalent GLD strain. Here, we evaluated the ability of RNA interference (RNAi), a non-GMO gene-silencing pathway, to treat GLRaV-3 in infected Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. We synthesized lipid-modified polyethylenimine (lmPEI) as a carrier for long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA, 250-bp-long) that targets RNA polymerase and coat protein genes that are conserved in the GLRaV-3 genome. Self-assembled dsRNA-lmPEI particles, 220 nm in diameter, displayed inner ordered domains spaced 7.3±2 nm from one another, correlating to lmPEI wrapping spirally around the dsRNA. The particles effectively protected RNA from degradation by ribonucleases, and Europium-loaded particles applied to grapevine leaves were detected as far as 60-cm from the foliar application point. In three field experiments, a single dose of foliar administration knocked down GLRaV-3 titer, and multiple doses of the treatment kept the viral titer at baseline and triggered recovery of the vine and berries. This study demonstrates RNAi as a promising platform for treating viral diseases in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Avital
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noy Sadot Muzika
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zohar Persky
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avishai Karny
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gili Bar
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuval Michaeli
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jeny Shklover
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Janna Shainsky
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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MacDonald SL, Schartel TE, Cooper ML. Exploring Grower-sourced Data to Understand Spatiotemporal Trends in the Occurrence of a Vector, Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Improve Grapevine Leafroll Disease Management. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1452-1461. [PMID: 34002772 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease is a significant concern in the wine grape industry, as it spreads rapidly and contributes to economically significant reductions in yield and grape quality. Our objective was to utilize 5 yr of grower-sourced data from Napa (California, USA) to improve local and regional disease management efforts. Specifically, we applied a spatially integrated multivariate clustering technique to improve understanding of spatiotemporal trends in Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) male populations-the primary vector in the region. We also implemented generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the effects of two key practices, insecticide sprays and roguing, on disease incidence. Results show P. maritimus has a biannual flight pattern in the study area, with the first flight peaking in early May and the second between early August and early September. Clusters of P. maritimus flight data fall largely within the vineyard footprints of individual growers, but also showed clear neighborhood effects. We found that when disease incidence within a block is <1%, consistent monitoring and removal of diseased vines is required to contain within-block spread. As within-block disease incidence grows to 1-20%, both insecticide applications and roguing are effective practices to reduce spread. At incidence levels >20%, roguing is a critical practice. Our results emphasize the importance of individual management efforts, but also the value of programs that engage the wider neighboring community and highlight the power of community data collection to guide decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L MacDonald
- UC Cooperative Extension, 1710 Soscol Ave, Suite 4, Napa, CA 94559, USA
| | - Tyler E Schartel
- University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Monica L Cooper
- UC Cooperative Extension, 1710 Soscol Ave, Suite 4, Napa, CA 94559, USA
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Velasco L, Padilla CV. High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs for the Sanitary Certification of Viruses in Grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682879. [PMID: 34367209 PMCID: PMC8336637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological indexing is the method generally recognized for the certification of propagative grapevines in many countries, and it is mandatory in the European Union. It consists of the evaluation of the plant material after grafting on indicators that are inspected for symptom development. This is a lengthy process that requires well-trained workers, testing field, etc. Alternative diagnostic methods such as serology and RT-qPCR have been discarded for certification because of their intrinsic drawbacks. In turn, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of plant RNA has been proposed as a plausible alternative to bioassay, but before it is accepted, different aspects of this process must be evaluated. We have compared the HTS of small RNAs with bioassays and other diagnostic methods from a set of 40 grapevine plants submitted for certification. The results allowed the authors the identification of numerous grapevine viruses in the samples, as well as different variants. Besides, relationships between symptom expression and viromes were investigated, in particular leafroll-associated viruses. We compared HTS results using analytical and bioinformatics approaches in order to define minimum acceptable quality standards for certification schemes, resulting in a pipeline proposal. Finally, the comparison between HTS and bioassay resulted favorable for the former in terms of reliability, cost, and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Velasco
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos V. Padilla
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
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28
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Quality Assessment and Validation of High-Throughput Sequencing for Grapevine Virus Diagnostics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061130. [PMID: 34208336 PMCID: PMC8231206 DOI: 10.3390/v13061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS), also known as next generation sequencing, revolutionized diagnostic research of plant viruses. HTS outperforms bioassays and molecular diagnostic assays that are used to screen domestic and quarantine grapevine materials in data throughput, cost, scalability, and detection of novel and highly variant virus species. However, before HTS-based assays can be routinely used for plant virus diagnostics, performance specifications need to be developed and assessed. In this study, we selected 18 virus-infected grapevines as a test panel for measuring performance characteristics of an HTS-based diagnostic assay. Total nucleic acid (TNA) was extracted from petioles and dormant canes of individual samples and constructed libraries were run on Illumina NextSeq 500 instrument using a 75-bp single-end read platform. Sensitivity was 98% measured over 264 distinct virus and viroid infections with a false discovery rate (FDR) of approximately 1 in 5 positives. The results also showed that combining a spring petiole test with a fall cane test increased sensitivity to 100% for this TNA HTS assay. To evaluate extraction methodology, these results were compared to parallel dsRNA extractions. In addition, in a more detailed dilution study, the TNA HTS assay described here consistently performed well down to a dilution of 5%. In that range, sensitivity was 98% with a corresponding FDR of approximately 1 in 5. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed at 99% and 93%, respectively. The protocol, criteria, and performance levels described here may help to standardize HTS for quality assurance and accreditation purposes in plant quarantine or certification programs.
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29
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McGreal B, Sandanayaka M, Gough R, Rohra R, Davis V, Marshall CW, Richards K, Bell VA, Chooi KM, MacDiarmid RM. Retention and Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 by Pseudococcus calceolariae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663948. [PMID: 34054767 PMCID: PMC8149732 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), an economically significant pathogen of grapevines, is transmitted by Pseudococcus calceolariae, a mealybug commonly found in New Zealand vineyards. To help inform alternative GLRaV-3 control strategies, this study evaluated the three-way interaction between the mealybug, its plant host and the virus. The retention and transmission of GLRaV-3 by P. calceolariae after access to non-Vitis host plants (and a non-GLRaV-3 host) White clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. “Grasslands Huia white clover”), Crimson clover (T. incarnatum), and Nicotiana benthamiana (an alternative GLRaV-3 host) was investigated. For all experiments, P. calceolariae first instars with a 4 or 6 days acquisition access period on GLRaV-3-positive grapevine leaves were used. GLRaV-3 was detected in mealybugs up to 16 days on non-Vitis plant hosts but not after 20 days. GLRaV-3 was retained by second instars (n = 8/45) and exuviae (molted skin, n = 6/6) following a 4 days acquisition period on infected grapevines leaves and an 11 days feeding on non-Vitis plant hosts. Furthermore, GLRaV-3 was transmitted to grapevine (40−60%) by P. calceolariae second instars after access to white clover for up to 11 days; 90% transmission to grapevine was achieved when no alternative host feeding was provided. The 16 days retention period is the longest observed in mealybug vectoring of GLRaV-3. The results suggest that an alternative strategy of using ground-cover plants as a disrupter of virus transmission may be effective if mealybugs settle and continue to feed on them for 20 or more days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan McGreal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manoharie Sandanayaka
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Gough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roshni Rohra
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vicky Davis
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christina W Marshall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Hastings, New Zealand
| | - Kate Richards
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughn A Bell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Hastings, New Zealand
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Song Y, Hanner RH, Meng B. Probing into the Effects of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses on the Physiology, Fruit Quality and Gene Expression of Grapes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040593. [PMID: 33807294 PMCID: PMC8066071 DOI: 10.3390/v13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll is one of the most widespread and highly destructive grapevine diseases that is responsible for great economic losses to the grape and wine industries throughout the world. Six distinct viruses have been implicated in this disease complex. They belong to three genera, all in the family Closteroviridae. For the sake of convenience, these viruses are named as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -13). However, their etiological role in the disease has yet to be established. Furthermore, how infections with each GLRaV induce the characteristic disease symptoms remains unresolved. Here, we first provide a brief overview on each of these GLRaVs with a focus on genome structure, expression strategies and gene functions, where available. We then provide a review on the effects of GLRaV infection on the physiology, fruit quality, fruit chemical composition, and gene expression of grapevine based on the limited information so far reported in the literature. We outline key methodologies that have been used to study how GLRaV infections alter gene expression in the grapevine host at the transcriptomic level. Finally, we present a working model as an initial attempt to explain how infections with GLRaVs lead to the characteristic symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease: leaf discoloration and downward rolling. It is our hope that this review will serve as a starting point for grapevine virology and the related research community to tackle this vastly important and yet virtually uncharted territory in virus-host interactions involving woody and perennial fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Robert H. Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Baozhong Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 53876)
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Scaccini D, Ruzzier E, Daane KM. Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), A Previously Unidentified Pest on Vitis vinifera (L.). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030239. [PMID: 33808988 PMCID: PMC7998413 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grape cultivation is a billion-dollar agricultural sector in California, where invasive or novel pest species can disrupt management practices. We report herein on a new pest associated with California vineyards, the carpentermoth Givira ethela (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893). Rather than an invasive species, G. ethela appears to be a newly recognized wood-boring pest of Vitis vinifera (L.) in regions of California's Central Valley, where its initial occurrence has been dated back to, at least, the beginning of the 2000s. The habitus of adult, genitalia and pupa is illustrated. Givira ethela distribution in California is updated including published records and new data. Carpentermoth galleries seem to facilitate the access of Planococcus ficus Signoret, 1875 to vine sap and protection from natural enemies, environmental stresses, and pesticide treatments. Notes on pest status, life history, monitoring practices, natural enemies, and management options on grapes are also discussed. Tools for the Integrated Pest Management of G. ethela should include the correct identification of the insect and its damage, a full understanding of its biology and ecology, the application of monitoring methods, and the identification of economic thresholds and injury levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Scaccini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, I-35020 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Enrico Ruzzier
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, I-35020 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Kent M. Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California Berkeley, Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
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Schartel TE, Cooper ML, May A, Daugherty MP. Quantifying Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Invasion in Northern California Vineyards to Inform Management Strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:138-148. [PMID: 33284962 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spread and impact of invasive species in exotic ranges can be mitigated by increased understanding of pest invasion dynamics. Here, we used geospatial analyses and habitat suitability modeling to characterize the invasion of an important vineyard pest, vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus Signoret, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), using nearly 15,000 trapping records from throughout Napa County, California, between 2012 and 2017. Spatial autocorrelation among P. ficus detections was strongest at distances of ~250 m and detectable at regional scales (up to 40 km), estimates of the rate and directionality of spread were highly idiosyncratic, and P. ficus detection hotspots were spatiotemporally dynamic. Generalized linear model, boosted regression tree, and random forest modeling methods performed well in predicting habitat suitability for P. ficus. The most important predictors of P. ficus occurrence were a positive effect of precipitation in the driest month, and negative effects of elevation and distance to nearest winery. Our results indicate that 250-m quarantine and treatment zones around P. ficus detections are likely sufficient to encompass most local establishment and spread, and that implementing localized regulatory procedures may limit inadvertent P. ficus spread via anthropogenic pathways. Finally, surveys of P. ficus presence at >300 vineyard sites validated that habitat suitability estimates were significantly and positively associated with P. ficus frequency of occurrence. Our findings indicate that habitat suitability predictions may offer a robust tool for identifying areas in the study region at risk to future P. ficus invasion and prioritizing locations for early detection and preventative management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Schartel
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Aubrey May
- Cooperative Extension, University of California, Napa, CA
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33
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Fuchs M, Almeyda CV, Al Rwahnih M, Atallah SS, Cieniewicz EJ, Farrar K, Foote WR, Golino DA, Gómez MI, Harper SJ, Kelly MK, Martin RR, Martinson T, Osman FM, Park K, Scharlau V, Smith R, Tzanetakis IE, Vidalakis G, Welliver R. Economic Studies Reinforce Efforts to Safeguard Specialty Crops in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:14-26. [PMID: 32840434 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1061-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks are the cornerstone of sustainable specialty crop production. They provide the propagative units that are used to produce clean planting materials, which are essential as the first-line management option of diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens such as viruses, viroids, bacteria, and phytoplasmas. In the United States, efforts to produce, maintain, and distribute pathogen-tested propagative material of specialty crops are spearheaded by centers of the National Clean Plant Network (NCPN). Agricultural economists collaborated with plant pathologists, extension educators, specialty crop growers, and regulators to investigate the impacts of select diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens and to estimate the return on investments in NCPN centers. Economic studies have proven valuable to the NCPN in (i) incentivizing the use of clean planting material derived from pathogen-tested foundation plant stocks; (ii) documenting benefits of clean plant centers, which can outweigh operating costs by 10:1 to 150:1; (iii) aiding the development of disease management solutions that are not only ecologically driven but also profit maximizing; and (iv) disseminating integrated disease management recommendations that resonate with growers. Together, economic studies have reinforced efforts to safeguard specialty crops in the United States through the production and use of clean planting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuchs
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - C V Almeyda
- Micropropagation and Repository Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - M Al Rwahnih
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - S S Atallah
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820
| | - E J Cieniewicz
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - K Farrar
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - W R Foote
- Crops and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - D A Golino
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S J Harper
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
| | - M K Kelly
- Department of Agriculture and Markets, Division of Plant Industry, Albany, NY 12205
| | - R R Martin
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - T Martinson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456
| | - F M Osman
- Foundation Plant Services, Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - K Park
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - V Scharlau
- Washington Wine Industry Foundation, Cashmere, WA 98815
| | - R Smith
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, CA 95403-2894
| | - I E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - G Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - R Welliver
- The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg, PA 17110
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A Diverse Virome of Leafroll-Infected Grapevine Unveiled by dsRNA Sequencing. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101142. [PMID: 33050079 PMCID: PMC7599845 DOI: 10.3390/v12101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quebec is the third-largest wine grape producing province in Canada, and the industry is constantly expanding. Traditionally, 90% of the grapevine cultivars grown in Quebec were winter hardy and largely dominated by interspecific hybrid Vitis sp. cultivars. Over the years, the winter protection techniques adopted by growers and climate changes have offered an opportunity to establish V. vinifera L. cultivars (e.g., Pinot noir). We characterized the virome of leafroll-infected interspecific hybrid cultivar and compared it to the virome of V. vinifera cultivar to support and facilitate the transition of the industry. A dsRNA sequencing method was used to sequence symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine leaves of different cultivars. The results suggested a complex virome in terms of composition, abundance, richness, and phylogenetic diversity. Three viruses, grapevine Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) 3 and 2 and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) largely dominated the virome. However, their presence and abundance varied among grapevine cultivars. The symptomless grapevine cultivar Vidal was frequently infected by multiple virus and viroid species and different strains of the same virus, including GLRaV-3 and 2. Our data show that viruses and viroids associated with the highest number of grapevines expressing symptoms included HSVd, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-2, in gradient order. However, co-occurrence analysis revealed that the presence of GLRaV species was randomly associated with the development of virus-like symptoms. These findings and their implications for grapevine leafroll disease management are discussed.
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Daane KM, Yokota GY, Walton VM, Hogg BN, Cooper ML, Bentley WJ, Millar JG. Development of a Mating Disruption Program for a Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in Vineyards. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090635. [PMID: 32947862 PMCID: PMC7563353 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The vine mealybug is a key insect pest of vineyards that currently is controlled by one or more insecticide applications per season. Here, we sought to develop a more sustainable control tool by using the mealybug’s sex pheromone to reduce mating and thereby lower pest damage. The mature female mealybug emits a sex pheromone that the winged adult male uses to find and mate with females. Synthetically produced sex pheromone, specific to the vine mealybug, was enclosed in commercial dispensers and deployed in vineyards in 2004–2007 studies to determine if mating disruption could provide a viable control option. Trials were conducted in commercial vineyards with cooperating farmers. Across all trials, mating disruption reduced pheromone trap captures of adult male mealybugs—an indication that the population numbers were lowered—and there was often a reduction mealybug numbers on vines and/or crop damage. There was not a clear reduction in the proportion of female mealybugs with ovisacs (a cottony-like mass containing mealybug eggs), but this may have resulted from the production of non-viable ovisacs that were not differentiated in the field samples. Pheromone trap captures were never lowered to zero (often called trap shut down), possibly because trials were conducted in vineyards with unusually high mealybug densities. Trap capture patterns commonly began low in April-May, increased in mid-July or August, and often decreased in September–October when post-harvest insecticides were applied. Results over all years suggest season-long coverage or late season coverage may be as or more important than dose per hectare. This research was used to help initiate the commercialization of mating disruption products for the vine mealybug, which are now being successfully used throughout the world’s grape-growing regions where this pest is found. Abstract The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a key insect pest of vineyards, and improvements in sustainable control of this pest are needed to meet increasing consumer demand for organically farmed products. One promising option is mating disruption. In a series of experiments conducted from 2004 to 2007, we tested the effects of mating disruption on trap captures of Pl. ficus males in pheromone-baited traps, on Pl. ficus numbers and age structure on vines, and on damage to grape clusters. From 2004 to 2005, the effects of dispenser load (mg active ingredient per dispenser) were also assessed, and dispensers were compared to a flowable formulation. Across all trials, mating disruption consistently reduced pheromone trap captures and often reduced mealybug numbers on vines and/or crop damage, regardless of the pheromone dose that was applied. Reductions in Pl. ficus densities in mating disruption plots were not accompanied by clear effects on mealybug population age structure; however, production of non-viable ovisacs by unmated females may have obscured differences in proportional representation of ovisacs. Pheromone trap captures were never lowered to zero (often called trap shut down), possibly because trials were conducted in vineyards with unusually high Pl. ficus densities. Trap-capture patterns in both treated and control plots commonly began low in April–May, increased in mid-July or August, and often decreased in September–October when post-harvest insecticides were applied. During the four-year trial, the release rate from plastic sachet dispensers was improved by industry cooperators as pheromone was released too quickly (2004) or not completely released during the season (2005–2006). The flowable formulation performed slightly better than dispensers at the same application dose. Results over all years suggest season-long coverage or late-season coverage may be as or more important than dose per hectare. Development of a dispenser with optimized season-long pheromone emission or targeted seasonal periods should be a future goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-559-646-6522
| | - Glenn Y. Yokota
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA;
| | - Vaughn M. Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Brian N. Hogg
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Monica L. Cooper
- University of California Cooperative Extension, 1710 Soscol Avenue, Napa, CA 94559, USA;
| | - Walter J. Bentley
- Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California IPM Program, Parlier, CA 93648, USA;
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
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Wu Q, Habili N, Constable F, Al Rwahnih M, Goszczynski DE, Wang Y, Pagay V. Virus Pathogens in Australian Vineyards with an Emphasis on Shiraz Disease. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080818. [PMID: 32731601 PMCID: PMC7472089 DOI: 10.3390/v12080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine viruses are found throughout the viticultural world and have detrimental effects on vine productivity and grape and wine quality. This report provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review on grapevine viruses in Australia with a focus on “Shiraz Disease” (SD) and its two major associated viruses, grapevine virus A (GVA) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). Sensitive grapevine cultivars like Shiraz infected with GVA alone or with a co-infection of a leafroll virus, primarily GLRaV-3, show symptoms of SD leading to significant yield and quality reductions in Australia and in South Africa. Symptom descriptors for SD will be outlined and a phylogenetic tree will be presented indicating the SD-associated isolates of GVA in both countries belong to the same clade. Virus transmission, which occurs through infected propagation material, grafting, and naturally vectored by mealybugs and scale insects, will be discussed. Laboratory and field-based indexing will also be discussed along with management strategies including rogueing and replanting certified stock that decrease the incidence and spread of SD. Finally, we present several cases of SD incidence in South Australian vineyards and their effects on vine productivity. We conclude by offering strategies for virus detection and management that can be adopted by viticulturists. Novel technologies such as high throughput sequencing and remote sensing for virus detection will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Nuredin Habili
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia;
| | - Fiona Constable
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, AgriBio, Bundoora, Melbourne 3083, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Darius E. Goszczynski
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Yeniu Wang
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide 5064, South Australia, Australia; (Q.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1 and 3 in White and Red Grapevine Cultivars Using Hyperspectral Imaging. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is considered one of the most widespread grapevine virus diseases, causing severe economic losses worldwide. To date, six grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) are known as causal agents of the disease, of which GLRaV-1 and -3 induce the strongest symptoms. Due to the lack of efficient curative treatments in the vineyard, identification of infected plants and subsequent uprooting is crucial to reduce the spread of this disease. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging (400–2500 nm) was used in this study in order to identify white and red grapevine plants infected with GLRaV-1 or -3. Disease detection models have been successfully developed for greenhouse plants discriminating symptomatic, asymptomatic, and healthy plants. Furthermore, field tests conducted over three consecutive years showed high detection rates for symptomatic white and red cultivars, respectively. The most important detection wavelengths were used to simulate a multispectral system that achieved classification accuracies comparable to the hyperspectral approach. Although differentiation of asymptomatic and healthy field-grown grapevines showed promising results further investigations are needed to improve classification accuracy. Symptoms caused by GLRaV-1 and -3 could be differentiated.
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Prator CA, Chooi KM, Jones D, Davy MW, MacDiarmid RM, Almeida RPP. Comparison of two different host plant genera responding to grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8505. [PMID: 32444786 PMCID: PMC7244584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. Because of its narrow host range - limited to Vitis species - and because the virus is restricted to the phloem, most GLRaV-3 research has concentrated on epidemiology and the development of detection assays. The recent discovery that GLRaV-3 can infect Nicotiana benthamiana, a plant model organism, makes new opportunities available for research in this field. We used RNA-seq to compare both V. vinifera and P1/HC-Pro N. benthamiana host responses to GLRaV-3 infection. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs observed between the two hosts were unique although responses between the two hosts also showed several shared gene expression results. When comparing gene expression patterns that were shared between the two hosts, we observed the downregulation of genes associated with stress chaperones, and the induction of gene families involved in primary plant physiological processes. This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond Vitis to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3 and demonstrates that N. benthamiana could serve as a useful tool for future studies of GLRaV-3-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Prator
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marcus W Davy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke, New Zealand
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Identification of Vitis Cultivars, Rootstocks, and Species Expressing Resistance to a Planococcus Mealybug. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11020086. [PMID: 32013034 PMCID: PMC7074190 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mealybugs cause economic loss to vineyards through physical damage, fouling fruit and leaves with honeydew, and the transmission of viruses. Planococcus ficus is one of several mealybug species in vineyards, and one that causes economic damage over a relatively large global range. To develop novel management tools, host resistance to P. ficus, which has not previously been identified for any grape cultivars, was studied. Ten grape lines (species, cultivars, and rootstocks) were evaluated for P. ficus resistance across two separate potted plant assays. Significant differences were detected among cultivars and rootstocks in the recorded number of P. ficus juveniles, adults, and egg sacs. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay were two of the most favorable grape cultivars for mealybug population growth, whereas rootstocks IAC 572, 10-17A, and RS-3 all demonstrated some level of resistance. Southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni) was positively associated with mealybug populations, but did not have a negative effect on the observed presence of other arthropod species including potential predators.
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40
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Kazybayeva S, Dolgikh S, Kulshanov S, Urazayeva M, Ushkempirova G. The organization of the virus-tested planting material production for the grape varieties of the local and foreign selection in Kazakhstan. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202501002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of viniculture involves the organization of the virus-tested planting material production, establishment of the basic parent plantings, certification of the virus-tested planting material with the control of genetic stability of the grape plants propagated in tissue culture. The modified nutritional medium was developed for microclonal propagation of vine in vitro with the content of the free amino acids: glycine and glutamine, increasing propagation factor up to 15% and the number of nodes on microplant up to 27%.
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41
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Lefeuvre P, Martin DP, Elena SF, Shepherd DN, Roumagnac P, Varsani A. Evolution and ecology of plant viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:632-644. [PMID: 31312033 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the first non-cellular infectious agent, later determined to be tobacco mosaic virus, paved the way for the field of virology. In the ensuing decades, research focused on discovering and eliminating viral threats to plant and animal health. However, recent conceptual and methodological revolutions have made it clear that viruses are not merely agents of destruction but essential components of global ecosystems. As plants make up over 80% of the biomass on Earth, plant viruses likely have a larger impact on ecosystem stability and function than viruses of other kingdoms. Besides preventing overgrowth of genetically homogeneous plant populations such as crop plants, some plant viruses might also promote the adaptation of their hosts to changing environments. However, estimates of the extent and frequencies of such mutualistic interactions remain controversial. In this Review, we focus on the origins of plant viruses and the evolution of interactions between these viruses and both their hosts and transmission vectors. We also identify currently unknown aspects of plant virus ecology and evolution that are of practical importance and that should be resolvable in the near future through viral metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, Paterna, València, Spain.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Philippe Roumagnac
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, Montpellier, France.,BGPI, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. .,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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42
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Dalton DT, Hilton RJ, Kaiser C, Daane KM, Sudarshana MR, Vo J, Zalom FG, Buser JZ, Walton VM. Spatial Associations of Vines Infected With Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Oregon Vineyards. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1507-1514. [PMID: 31025904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-18-1306-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spread and in-field spatial patterns of vines infected with grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) were documented in Oregon vineyards using field sampling, molecular diagnostics, and spatial analysis. Grapevine petiole tissue collected from 2013 to 2016 was tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for GRBV. At Jacksonville in southern Oregon, 3.1% of vines were infected with GRBV in 2014, and GRBV incidence reached 58.5% of study vines by 2016. GRBV-infected plants and GRBV-uninfected plants were spatially aggregated at this site in 2015, and infected plants were spatially associated between years 2015 and 2016. In a southern Oregon vineyard near Talent, 10.4% of vines were infected with GRBV in 2014, and infection increased annually to 21.5% in 2016. At Talent, distribution of the infected vines was spatially associated across all years. GRBV infection was highest at Yamhill, in the Willamette Valley, where 31.7% of the tested vines had GRBV infection in 2014. By 2016, 59.2% of the vines tested positive for GRBV. Areas of aggregation increased and were spatially associated across all years. From 2013 to 2015, GRBV was not detected at Milton-Freewater in eastern Oregon. Spatial patterns of GRBV infection support evidence of spread by a mobile insect vector. GRBV is a significant threat to Oregon wine grape production because of its drastic year-over-year spread in affected vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dalton
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Richard J Hilton
- 2 Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Central Point, OR 97502
| | - Clive Kaiser
- 3 Oregon State University Extension Service, Umatilla County, Milton-Freewater, OR 97862
| | - Kent M Daane
- 4 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Julia Vo
- 5 Department of Plant Pathology, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Frank G Zalom
- 6 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jessica Z Buser
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- 1 Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Yang K, Shen W, Li Y, Li Z, Miao W, Wang A, Cui H. Areca Palm Necrotic Ringspot Virus, Classified Within a Recently Proposed Genus Arepavirus of the Family Potyviridae, Is Associated With Necrotic Ringspot Disease in Areca Palm. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:887-894. [PMID: 30133353 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-18-0200-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Areca palm (Areca catechu), one of the two most important commercial crops in Hainan, China, has been severely damaged by a variety of pathogens and insects. Here, we report a new disease, tentatively referred to as areca palm necrotic ringspot disease (ANRSD), which is highly epidemic in the main growing regions in Hainan. Transmission electron microscopy observation and small RNA deep sequencing revealed the existence of a viral agent of the family Potyviridae in a diseased areca palm plant (XC1). The virus was tentatively named areca palm necrotic ringspot virus (ANRSV). Subsequently, the positive-sense single-stranded genome of ANRSV isolate XC1 was completely determined. The genome annotation revealed the existence of two cysteine proteinases in tandem (HC-Pro1 and HC-Pro2) in the genomic 5' terminus of ANRSV. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis suggested the taxonomic classification of ANRSV into the recently proposed genus Arepavirus in the family Potyviridae. Given the close relationship of ANRSV with another newly reported arepavirus (areca palm necrotic spindle-spot virus), the exact taxonomic status of ANRSV needs to be further investigated. In this study, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for ANRSV-specific detection was developed and a close association between ANRSV and ANRSD was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- 2 Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ye Li
- 3 Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; and
| | - Zengping Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Weiguo Miao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Aiming Wang
- 4 London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Hongguang Cui
- 1 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
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Lucchi A, Suma P, Ladurner E, Iodice A, Savino F, Ricciardi R, Cosci F, Marchesini E, Conte G, Benelli G. Managing the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, through pheromone-mediated mating disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10708-10718. [PMID: 30778939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a key insect pest of vineyards. While pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) has been successfully tested against a wide range of insect pests, knowledge about its efficacy against key mealybug species, such as P. ficus, is scarce. In this study, a novel MD product, Isonet® PF, was evaluated by testing 300, 400, and 500 dispensers/ha at four study sites located in Northern (Veneto) and Southern (Sicily) Italy. Experiments were carried out over 2 years by monitoring the mealybug populations in wine grape and table grape vineyards managed with and without the application of MD. Pheromone dispensers were periodically collected during the grapevine-growing season, extracted, and analyzed by GC-MS, to determine their pheromone content and the release in mg/ha/day. The results showed that use of the MD dispenser Isonet® PF reduced the percentage of VMB-infested bunches and the number of VMB specimens per bunch compared with the untreated controls. This was recorded over 2 years at all experimental sites. Differences in the incidence of infested bunches among the three tested rates of Isonet® PF were not detected. Overall, the results presented here contribute to optimizing the sex pheromone dosage used in MD control programs against VMB allowing a reduction of broad-spectrum insecticides currently employed to manage this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pompeo Suma
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Edith Ladurner
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Andrea Iodice
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchesini
- AGREA S.r.l. Centro Studi, via Garibaldi 5/16, 37057, San Giovanni Lupatoto, VR, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Thompson BD, Dahan J, Lee J, Martin RR, Karasev AV. A Novel Genetic Variant of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) from Idaho Grapevines. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:509-518. [PMID: 30667323 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-18-1303-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is a major constraint on profitable grapevine cultivation. The virus is transmitted efficiently by mealybugs and soft scale insects, or through vegetative propagation by cuttings, and is present worldwide, wherever grapevines are grown. GLRaV-3 exists as a complex of genetic variants currently classified in several phylogenetic groups that can differ from each other by as much as 30% in nucleotide sequence of the whole genome. In the course of the GLRaV-3 testing of wine grapes in southern Idaho, plants of two grapevine cultivars were found to harbor a novel genetic variant of GLRaV-3, named ID45, which exhibited ≤80% nucleotide sequence identity level to the known GLRaV-3 isolates in its most conserved HSP70h gene. The ID45 variant caused no foliar symptoms in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' in the fall, and was demonstrated to have poor reactivity to commercial virus-specific antibodies. The entire 18,478-nt genome sequence of the GLRaV-3-ID45 was determined using a combination of high-throughput and conventional Sanger sequencing, and demonstrated to have typical organization for the genus Ampelovirus (family Closteroviridae), with only 70 to 77% identity level to the GLRaV-3 genomes from other established phylogroups. We concluded that ID45 represented a new phylogenetic group IX of GLRaV-3. Database search using ID45 nucleotide sequence as a query suggested that this novel ID45 variant is present in at least one other grape-growing state in the U.S., California, and in Brazil. An RT-PCR based test was developed to distinguish ID45 from the predominant GLRaV-3 phylogroup I found in Idaho in single and mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Thompson
- 1 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Jennifer Dahan
- 1 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| | - Jungmin Lee
- 2 Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU; Corvallis, OR) Worksite, USDA-ARS, Parma, ID; and
| | | | - Alexander V Karasev
- 1 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
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Byzova NA, Vinogradova SV, Porotikova EV, Terekhova UD, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E111. [PMID: 30445781 PMCID: PMC6315891 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the main pathogens of grapes, causing a significant loss in yield and decrease in quality for this agricultural plant. For efficient widespread control of this infection, rapid and simple analytical techniques of on-site testing are requested as a complementary addition for the currently applied hybridization (PCR) and immunoenzyme (ELISA) approaches. The given paper presents development and approbation of the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for rapid detection of GLRaV-3. The ICA realizes a sandwich immunoassay format with the obtaining complexes ((antibody immobilized on immunochromatographic membrane)⁻(virus in the sample)⁻(antibody immobilized on gold nanoparticles (GNP)) during sample flow along the membrane compounds of the test strip. Three preparations of GNPs were compared for detection of GLRaV-3 at different dilutions of virus-containing sample. The GNPs with maximal average diameters of 51.0 ± 7.9 nm provide GLRaV-3 detection for its maximal dilutions, being 4 times more than when using GNPs with a diameter of 28.3 ± 3.3 nm, and 8 times more than when using GNPs with a diameter of 18.5 ± 3.3 nm. Test strips have been manufactured using the largest GNPs conjugated with anti-GLRaV-3 antibodies at a ratio of 1070:1. When testing samples containing other grape wine viruses, the test strips have not demonstrated staining in the test zone, which confirms the ICA specificity. The approbation of the manufactured test strips indicated that when using ELISA as a reference method, the developed ICA is characterized by a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. If PCR is considered as a reference method, then the sensitivity of ICA is 93% and the specificity is 92%. The proposed ICA can be implemented in one stage without the use of any additional reactants or devices. The testing results can be obtained in 10 min and detected visually. It provides significant improvement in GLRaV-3 detection, and the presented approach can be transferred for the development of test systems for other grape wine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A Byzova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Vinogradova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Elena V Porotikova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Uliana D Terekhova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Cooper ML, Daugherty MP, Jeske DR, Almeida RPP, Daane KM. Incidence of Grapevine Leafroll Disease: Effects of Grape Mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) Abundance and Pathogen Supply. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1542-1550. [PMID: 29726945 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of spatiotemporal dynamics are central to efforts to characterize the epidemiology of infectious disease, such as mechanism of pathogen spread and pathogen or vector sources in the landscape, and are critical to the development of effective disease management programs. To that end, we conducted a multi-year study of 20 vineyard blocks in coastal northern California to relate the dynamics of a mealybug vector, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), to incidence of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD). In each vineyard block, a subset of vines were scored visually for relative mealybug abundance, disease was quantified by visual assessment, and virus presence was verified using standard laboratory molecular assays. GLD incidence was analyzed with a classification and regression tree, and with a hierarchical model that also captured variability among blocks and heterogeneity within blocks. Both analyses found strong interannual variability in incidence, with the hierarchical model also capturing substantial between- and within-block heterogeneity, but with significant contributions of vector abundance and pathogen supply (prior disease incidence) to the frequency of newly diseased vines. These results strengthen further the conclusion that mealybug vectors are causally related to pathogen spread in this system and are therefore an important target for management. Moreover, they are consistent with relatively efficient secondary spread of the pathogen, suggesting an important role for the removal of diseased vines as a tool to mitigate further damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Cooper
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Cooperative Extension, Napa, CA
| | | | - Daniel R Jeske
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Rodrigo P P Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Beuve M, Hily JM, Alliaume A, Reinbold C, Le Maguet J, Candresse T, Herrbach E, Lemaire O. A complex virome unveiled by deep sequencing analysis of RNAs from a French Pinot Noir grapevine exhibiting strong leafroll symptoms. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2937-2946. [PMID: 30033497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the virome of a grapevine Pinot Noir accession (P70) that displayed, over the year, very stable and strong leafroll symptoms. For this, we have used two extraction methods (dsRNA and total RNA) coupled with the high throughput sequencing (HTS) Illumina technique. While a great disparity in viral sequences were observed, both approaches gave similar results, revealing a very complex infection status. Five virus and viroid isolates [Grapevine leafroll-associated viruse-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd1)] were detected in P70 with a grand total of eleven variants being identified and de novo assembled. A comparison between both extraction methods regarding their power to detect viruses and the ease of genome assembly is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Beuve
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean Le Maguet
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
- Institut Français des Productions Cidricoles (IFPC), 61500, Sées, France
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
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Daane KM, Middleton MC, Sforza RFH, Kamps-Hughes N, Watson GW, Almeida RPP, Correa MCG, Downie DA, Walton VM. Determining the geographic origin of invasive populations of the mealybug Planococcus ficus based on molecular genetic analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193852. [PMID: 29565996 PMCID: PMC5863958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the most likely source of an invasive pest species might help to improve their management by establishing efficient quarantine measures and heading the search of efficient biological control agents. Planococcus ficus is an invasive mealybug pest of vineyards in Argentina, California, Mexico, Peru and South Africa. This mealybug pest had a previously known geographic distribution spanning southern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of northern Africa. In North America, Pl. ficus was first discovered in the early 1990s and soon thereafter in Mexico. To determine the origin of invasive populations in North America, Pl. ficus from California and Mexico were compared with material throughout its presumptive native range in the Mediterranean region, as well as material collected from an older invasion in South Africa and recently invaded Argentina. From each sample location, genomic DNA was sequenced for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c. oxidase one (CO1). Phylogenetic analyses of CO1, ITS1 and concatenated CO1 and ITS1 data-sets using Bayesian and neighbor-joining analysis support two major divisions: a European grouping (Europe, Tunisia, Turkey) and a Middle Eastern grouping (Israel and Egypt). The invasive populations in Argentina and South Africa align with the European group and the invasive populations in North America align with the Middle Eastern group, with one Israel sample aligning closely with the North American clade, suggesting that Israel was the origin of those populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathew C. Middleton
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - René F. H. Sforza
- USDA-ARS- European Biological Control Laboratory, Campus International de Baillarguet CS90013 Montferrier-sur-Lez, St-Gély du Fesc, France
| | - Nicholas Kamps-Hughes
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Gillian W. Watson
- California Department of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, Sacramento CA, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo P. P. Almeida
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Margarita C. G. Correa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Doug A. Downie
- Department of Pesticide Regulation, Pest Management and Licensing, Sacramento, CA
| | - Vaughn M. Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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Daane KM, Vincent C, Isaacs R, Ioriatti C. Entomological Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Viticulture in a Global Market. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:193-214. [PMID: 29324036 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Viticulture has experienced dramatic global growth in acreage and value. As the international exchange of goods has increased, so too has the market demand for sustainably produced products. Both elements redefine the entomological challenges posed to viticulture and have stimulated significant advances in arthropod pest control programs. Vineyard managers on all continents are increasingly combating invasive species, resulting in the adoption of novel insecticides, semiochemicals, and molecular tools to support sustainable viticulture. At the local level, vineyard management practices consider factors such as the surrounding natural ecosystem, risk to fish populations, and air quality. Coordinated multinational responses to pest invasion have been highly effective and have, for example, resulted in eradication of the moth Lobesia botrana from California vineyards, a pest found in 2009 and eradicated by 2016. At the global level, the shared pests and solutions for their suppression will play an increasing role in delivering internationally sensitive pest management programs that respond to invasive pests, climate change, novel vector and pathogen relationships, and pesticide restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3114;
| | - Charles Vincent
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec J3B 3E6, Canada;
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technological Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento 38010, Italy;
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