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Barbosa BVDDR, Alves JVDO, Costa WK, Aguiar IFDS, Galvão LRL, Silva PMD, Silva LAD, Silva BVSD, Lima JSD, Oliveira AMD, Napoleão TH, Silva MVD, Correia MTDS. Almond fixed oil from Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential, without showing oral toxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118283. [PMID: 38734393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syagrus coronata, a palm tree found in northeastern Brazil, popularly known as licuri, has socioeconomic importance for the production of vegetable oil rich in fatty acids with nutritional and pharmacological effects. Licuri oil is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, wound healing, mycosis, back discomfort, eye irritation, and other conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects of treatment with Syagrus coronata fixed oil (ScFO), as well as to determine the safety of use in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acute single-dose oral toxicity was evaluated in mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail dipping tests, and the anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated through the model of acute inflammation of ear edema, peritonitis, and fever at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg from ScFO. RESULTS In the chemical analysis of ScFO, lauric (43.64%), caprylic (11.7%), and capric (7.2%) acids were detected as major. No mortality or behavioral abnormalities in the mice were evidenced over the 14 days of observation in the acute toxicity test. ScFO treatment decreased abdominal writhing by 27.07, 28.23, and 51.78% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. ScFO demonstrated central and peripheral action in the formalin test, possibly via opioidergic and muscarinic systems. In the tail dipping test, ScFO showed action from the first hour after treatment at all concentrations. ScFO (100 mg/kg) reduced ear edema by 63.76% and leukocyte and neutrophil migration and IL-1β and TNF-α production in the peritonitis test. CONCLUSION Mice treated with ScFO had a reduction in fever after 60 min at all concentrations regardless of dose. Therefore, the fixed oil of S. coronata has the potential for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wêndeo Kennedy Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Paloma Maria da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia Abílio da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Jucielma Silva de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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Garcia AC, Six N, Ma L, Morel L. Intersection of the microbiome and immune metabolism in lupus. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38873851 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from a dysregulation of the immune system that involves gut dysbiosis and an altered host cellular metabolism. This review highlights novel insights and expands on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host immune metabolism in lupus. Pathobionts, invasive pathogens, and even commensal microbes, when in dysbiosis, can all trigger and modulate immune responses through metabolic reprogramming. Changes in the microbiota's global composition or individual taxa may trigger a cascade of metabolic changes in immune cells that may, in turn, reprogram their functions. Factors contributing to dysbiosis include changes in intestinal hypoxia, competition for glucose, and limited availability of essential nutrients, such as tryptophan and metal ions, all of which can be driven by host metabolism changes. Conversely, the accumulation of some host metabolites, such as itaconate, succinate, and free fatty acids, could further influence the microbial composition and immune responses. Overall, mounting evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between host immunometabolism and the microbiota in lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Castellanos Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie Six
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Er-Rahmani S, Errabiti B, Matencio A, Trotta F, Latrache H, Koraichi SI, Elabed S. Plant-derived bioactive compounds for the inhibition of biofilm formation: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34859-34880. [PMID: 38744766 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a widespread phenomenon that impacts different fields, including the food industry, agriculture, health care and the environment. Accordingly, there is a serious need for new methods of managing the problem of biofilm formation. Natural products have historically been a rich source of varied compounds with a wide variety of biological functions, including antibiofilm agents. In this review, we critically highlight and discuss the recent progress in understanding the antibiofilm effects of several bioactive compounds isolated from different plants, and in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of action and the factors influencing their adhesion. The literature shows that bioactive compounds have promising antibiofilm potential against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains, via several mechanisms of action, such as suppressing the formation of the polymer matrix, limiting O2 consumption, inhibiting microbial DNA replication, decreasing hydrophobicity of cell surfaces and blocking the quorum sensing network. This antibiofilm activity is influenced by several environmental factors, such as nutritional cues, pH values, O2 availability and temperature. This review demonstrates that several bioactive compounds could mitigate the problem of biofilm production. However, toxicological assessment and pharmacokinetic investigations of these molecules are strongly required to validate their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Er-Rahmani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Badr Errabiti
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adrián Matencio
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability Centre (NIS Centre), Università Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Hassan Latrache
- Laboratory of Bioprocesses and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumya Elabed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Imouzzer Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
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Zhong S, Yang J, Huang H. The role of single and mixed biofilms in Clostridioides difficile infection and strategies for prevention and inhibition. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:285-299. [PMID: 36939635 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2189950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a serious disease with a high recurrence rate. The single and mixed biofilms formed by C. difficile in the gut contribute to the formation of recurrent CDI (rCDI). In parallel, other gut microbes influence the formation and development of C. difficile biofilms, also known as symbiotic biofilms. Interactions between members within the symbiotic biofilm are associated with the worsening or alleviation of CDI. These interactions include effects on C. difficile adhesion and chemotaxis, modulation of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system activity, promotion of cross-feeding by microbial metabolites, and regulation of intestinal bile acid and pyruvate levels. In the process of C. difficile biofilms control, inhibition of C. difficile initial biofilm formation and killing of C. difficile vegetative cells and spores are the main targets of action. The role of symbiotic biofilms in CDI suggested that targeting interventions of C. difficile-promoting gut microbes could indirectly inhibit the formation of C. difficile mixed biofilms and improved the ultimate therapeutic effect. In summary, this review outlines the mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation and summarises the treatment strategies for such single and mixed biofilms, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiwei Zhong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Otite SV, Lag-Brotons AJ, Ezemonye LI, Martin AD, Pickup RW, Semple KT. Volatile Fatty Acids Effective as Antibacterial Agents against Three Enteric Bacteria during Mesophilic Anaerobic Incubation. Molecules 2024; 29:1908. [PMID: 38731399 PMCID: PMC11085169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effects of a selection of volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and caproic acids) relevant to anaerobic digestion were investigated at 1, 2 and 4 g/L. The antibacterial effects were characterised by the dynamics of Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 00775, Escherichia coli JCM 1649 and Klebsiella pneumoniae A17. Mesophilic anaerobic incubation to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and median lethal concentration of the VFAs was carried out in Luria Bertani broth at 37 °C for 48 h. Samples collected at times 0, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h were used to monitor bacterial kinetics and pH. VFAs at 4 g/L demonstrated the highest bactericidal effect (p < 0.05), while 1 g/L supported bacterial growth. The VFA cocktail was the most effective, while propionic acid was the least effective. Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 00775 was the most resistant strain with the VFAs MBC of 4 g/L, while Klebsiella pneumoniae A17 was the least resistant with the VFAs MBC of 2 g/L. Allowing a 48 h incubation period led to more log decline in the bacterial numbers compared to earlier times. The VFA cocktail, valeric, and caproic acids at 4 g/L achieved elimination of the three bacteria strains, with over 7 log10 decrease within 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saanu Victoria Otite
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;
| | | | - Lawrence I. Ezemonye
- Centre for Global Eco-Innovation Nigeria, University of Benin, Benin City PMB 300313, Nigeria
- Vice Chancellor’s Office, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City PMB 0006, Nigeria
| | - Alastair D. Martin
- Engineering Department, Gillow Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Roger W. Pickup
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Kirk T. Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;
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Yao MX, Yu HX, Mo HL, Zhang ZH, Song QC, Liu Q, Yang QY, Wang LX, Li Y. Structural and pharmacological characterization of a medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105126. [PMID: 38160872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is mainly expressed in macrophages and microglia, and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and retinal development in mammals and amphibians. However, structure, tissue distribution, and pharmacology of this receptor have rarely been reported in fish. In this study, we cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of common carp GPR84 (ccGPR84), examined its tissue distribution, and explored its cellular signaling function. The results showed that the CDS of ccGPR84 is 1191 bp and encodes a putative protein with 396 amino acids. Phylogenetic and chromosomal synteny analyses revealed that ccGPR84 was evolutionarily conserved with Cyprinids. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) indicated that ccGPR84 was predominantly expressed in the intestine and spleen. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that nonanoic acid, capric acid (decanoic acid), undecanoic acid and lauric acid could inhibit cAMP signaling pathway and activate MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, while the potencies of these four fatty acids on the two signaling pathways were different. Lauric acid has the highest inhibitory potency on cAMP signaling pathway, followed by undecanoic acid, nonanoic acid, and capric acid. While for MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, nonanoic acid has the highest activation potency, followed by undecanoic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid. These findings lay the foundation for revealing the roles of different medium-chain fatty acids in the inflammatory response of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui-Xia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao-Lin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Fan L, Zhu X, Chen Q, Huang X, Steinwandel MD, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Dietary medium-chain fatty acids and risk of incident colorectal cancer in a predominantly low-income population: a report from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:7-17. [PMID: 37898435 PMCID: PMC10808834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No prospective observational study has specifically examined the associations between dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk overall and by racial subgroups in a predominantly low-income United States population. METHODS This prospective study included 71,599 eligible participants aged 40 to 79 who were enrolled in the Southern Community Cohort Study between 2002 and 2009 in 12 southeastern United States states. Incident colorectal cancer cases were ascertained via linkage to state cancer registries, which was completed through 31 December, 2016. The dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids were assessed using a validated 89-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and risk for incident colorectal cancer. RESULTS Among 71,599 participants, 48,008 (67.3%) were Black individuals and 42,260 (59.0%) were female. A total of 868 incident colorectal cancer cases occurred during a median follow-up of 13.7 y. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, high intake of dodecanoic acid/lauric acid (C12:0) was associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer among White participants (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.91; P-trend = 0.05), but not in Black individuals (HR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68, 1.24; P-trend = 0.80) in multivariable-adjusted models. No associations were found between intakes of hexanoic acid/caproic acid (C6:0), octanoic acid/caprylic acid (C8:0), or decanoic acid/capric acid (C10:0) and risk of incident colorectal cancer overall or within racial subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In a predominantly low-income United States population, an increased dietary C12:0 intake was associated with a substantially reduced risk of colorectal cancer only among White individuals, but not in Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qingxia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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8
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Vuotto C, Donelli G, Buckley A, Chilton C. Clostridioides difficile Biofilm. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1435:249-272. [PMID: 38175479 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), previously Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection of the large intestine caused by the spore-forming anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile. CDI is an important healthcare-associated disease worldwide, characterized by high levels of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. CDI is observed at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients after antimicrobial therapy, with antibiotics disrupting the commensal microbiota and promoting C. difficile colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.A rise in clinical isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics and the reduced susceptibility to the most commonly used antibiotic molecules have made the treatment of CDI more complicated, allowing the persistence of C. difficile in the intestinal environment.Gut colonization and biofilm formation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of C. difficile. In fact, biofilm growth is considered as a serious threat because of the related antimicrobial tolerance that makes antibiotic therapy often ineffective. This is the reason why the involvement of C. difficile biofilm in the pathogenesis and recurrence of CDI is attracting more and more interest, and the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation of C. difficile as well as the role of biofilm in CDI are increasingly being studied by researchers in the field.Findings on C. difficile biofilm, possible implications in CDI pathogenesis and treatment, efficacy of currently available antibiotics in treating biofilm-forming C. difficile strains, and some antimicrobial alternatives under investigation will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vuotto
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Anthony Buckley
- Microbiome and Nutritional Sciences Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Chilton
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Medical Research at St James, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Alkhawaja B, Al-Akayleh F, Nasereddin J, Malek SA, Alkhawaja N, Kamran M, Al-Rubaye Z, Smairat M, Al-Remawi M, Aburayyan WS. Levofloxacin-Fatty Acid Systems: Dual Enhancement Through Deep Eutectic Formation and Solubilization for Pharmaceutical Potential and Antibacterial Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:244. [PMID: 38030950 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids, including medium-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, are known for their broad health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. Through their green properties, deep eutectic systems have been heralded as having the potential to be at the forefront of pharmaceutical applications. In this work, capric acid and geranic acid, two examples of medium-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, were employed to enhance the pharmaceutical properties and the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin. To this end, levofloxacin formulations with either capric or geranic acid were prepared and characterized using appropriate techniques. Levofloxacin was utilized to create innovative deep eutectic systems in conjunction with capric acid at three different molar ratios: 1:9, 2:8 and 3:7. This was confirmed through a rigorous analysis involving nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that geranic acid demonstrated an impressive threefold improvement in levofloxacin's solubility compared to its solubility in aqueous solutions. The antibacterial activity of the novel combinations of levofloxacin with either fatty acid was evaluated using a checkerboard titration assay. Gratifyingly, both formulations exhibited synergistic effects against a panel of levofloxacin-sensitive and resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the observed superior antibacterial activity of levofloxacin illuminates the potential use of fatty acid-based formulations and deep eutectic systems as green and innovative strategies to combat the global antimicrobial resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Alkhawaja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan.
| | - Faisal Al-Akayleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan.
| | - Jehad Nasereddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Suzanne Abdel Malek
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Nour Alkhawaja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Zaid Al-Rubaye
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Maisa'a Smairat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, 11196, Jordan
| | - Walid Salem Aburayyan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Cai J, Shi J, Chen C, He M, Wang Z, Liu Y. Structural-Activity Relationship-Inspired the Discovery of Saturated Fatty Acids as Novel Colistin Enhancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302182. [PMID: 37552809 PMCID: PMC10582468 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and prevalence of mobile colistin resistance gene mcr have dramatically compromised the clinical efficacy of colistin, a cyclopeptide antibiotic considered to be the last option for treating different-to-treat infections. The combination strategy provides a productive and cost-effective strategy to expand the lifespan of existing antibiotics. Structural-activity relationship analysis of polymyxins indicates that the fatty acyl chain plays an indispensable role in their antibacterial activity. Herein, it is revealed that three saturated fatty acids (SFAs), especially sodium caprate (SC), substantially potentiate the antibacterial activity of colistin against mcr-positive bacteria. The combination of SFAs and colistin effectively inhibits biofilm formation and eliminates matured biofilms, and is capable of preventing the emergence and spread of mobile colistin resistance. Mechanistically, the addition of SFAs reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification by simultaneously promoting LPS biosynthesis and inhibiting the activity of MCR enzyme, enhance bacterial membrane damage, and impair the proton motive force-dependent efflux pump, thereby boosting the action of colistin. In three animal models of infection by mcr-positive pathogens, SC combined with colistin exhibit an excellent therapeutic effect. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of SFAs as novel antibiotic adjuvants for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in combination with colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Cai
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Mengping He
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safetythe Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safetythe Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
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Arellano H, Nardello-Rataj V, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R, Fameau AL. Saturated long chain fatty acids as possible natural alternative antibacterial agents: Opportunities and challenges. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102952. [PMID: 37392663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The spread of new strains of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has led to the urgent need to discover and develop new antimicrobial systems. The antibacterial effects of fatty acids have been well-known and recognized since the first experiments of Robert Koch in 1881, and they are now used in diverse fields. Fatty acids can prevent the growth and directly kill bacteria by insertion into their membrane. For that, a sufficient amount of fatty acid molecules has to be solubilized in water to transfer from the aqueous phase to the cell membrane. Due to conflicting results in the literature and lack of standardization methods, it is very difficult to draw clear conclusions on the antibacterial effect of fatty acids. Most of the current studies link fatty acids' effectiveness against bacteria to their chemical structure, notably the alkyl chain length and the presence of double bonds in their chain. Furthermore, the solubility of fatty acids and their critical aggregation concentration is not only related to their structure, but also influenced by medium conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). There is a possibility that the antibacterial activity of saturated long chain fatty acids (LCFA) may be underestimated due to the lack of water solubility and the use of unsuitable methods to assess their antibacterial activity. Thus, enhancing the solubility of these long chain saturated fatty acids is the main goal before examining their antibacterial properties. To increase their water solubility and thereby improve their antibacterial efficacy, novel alternatives may be considered, including the use of organic positively charged counter-ions instead of the conventional sodium and potassium soaps, the formation of catanionic systems, the mixture with co-surfactants, and solubilization in emulsion systems. This review summarizes the latest findings on fatty acids as antibacterial agents, with a focus on long chain saturated fatty acids. Additionally, it highlights the different ways to improve their water solubility, which may be a crucial factor in increasing their antibacterial efficacy. We finish with a discussion on the challenges, strategies and opportunities for the formulation of LCFAs as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Arellano
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Nardello-Rataj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fameau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAe, Centrale Lille, UMET, F-59000, Lille, France.
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12
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Hu X, Dong R, Huang S, Zeng Y, Zhan W, Gao X, Tian D, Peng J, Xu J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu J, Guang B, Yang T. CDBN-YGXZ, a Novel Small-Molecule Drug, Shows Efficacy against Clostridioides difficile Infection and Recurrence in Mouse and Hamster Infection Models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0170422. [PMID: 37052498 PMCID: PMC10190532 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01704-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes severe diarrhea and colitis, leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and high medical costs worldwide. Oral vancomycin, a first-line treatment for CDI, is associated with a high risk of recurrence, necessitating novel therapies for primary and recurrent CDI. A novel small-molecule compound, CDBN-YGXZ, was synthesized by modifying the benzene ring of nitazoxanide with lauric acid. The mechanism of action of CDBN-YGXZ was validated using a pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) inhibition assay. The efficacy of CDBN-YGXZ was evaluated using the MIC test and CDI infection model in mice and hamsters. Furthermore, metagenomics was used to reveal the underlying reasons for the effective reduction or prevention of CDI after CDBN-YGXZ treatment. The inhibitory activity against PFOR induced by CDBN-YGXZ. MIC tests showed that the in vitro activity of CDBN-YGXZ against C. difficile ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 μg/mL. In the mouse and hamster CDI models, CDBN-YGXZ provided protection during both treatment and relapse, while vancomycin treatment resulted in severe relapse and significant clinical scores. Compared with global effects on the indigenous gut microbiota induced by vancomycin, CDBN-YGXZ treatment had a mild influence on gut microbes, thus resulting in the disappearance or reduction of CDI recurrence. CDBN-YGXZ displayed potent activity against C. difficile in vitro and in vivo, reducing or preventing relapse in infected animals, which could merit further development as a potential drug candidate for treating CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Renhan Dong
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yisheng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiewei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Guang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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13
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Oliveira AMD, Anjos Szczerepa MMD, Bronharo Tognim MC, Abreu Filho BAD, Cardozo-Filho L, Gomes RG, Bergamasco R. Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted by pressurized n-propane and its effect against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1083-1098. [PMID: 34704544 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1994653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is often associated worldwide with foodborne illnesses, and the elimination of biofilms formed by this bacterium from industrial surfaces is very challenging. To date, there have been few attempts to investigate plant oils obtained by recent green technologies, applied against biofilms on usual surfaces of the food industry and bacteria isolated from such environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the activity of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOSO), extracted with pressurized n-propane, against standard and environmental S. aureus biofilms. Additionally, a genotypic and phenotypic study of the environmental S. aureus was proposed. It was found that this bacterium was a MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus), a carrier of icaA and icaD genes that has strong adhesion (OD550=1.86 ± 0.19) during biofilm formation. The use of pressurized n-propane as a solvent was efficient in obtaining MOSO, achieving a yield of 60.9%. Gas chromatography analyses revealed the presence of a rich source of fatty acids in MOSO, mainly oleic acid (62.47%), behenic acid (10.5%) and palmitic acid (7.32%). On polystyrene surface, MOSO at 0.5% and 1% showed inhibitory and bactericidal activity, respectively, against S. aureus biofilms. MOSO at 1% allowed a maximum reduction of 2.38 log UFC/cm² of S. aureus biofilms formed on PVC (polyvinyl chloride) surface. Scanning electron microscopy showed disturbances on the surface of S. aureus after exposure to MOSO. These unprecedented findings suggest that MOSO extracted with pressurized n-propane is potentially capable of inhibiting biofilms of different S. aureus strains, thus, contributing to microbiological safety during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lúcio Cardozo-Filho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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14
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Ling H, Liu R, Sam QH, Shen H, Chai LYA, Chang MW. Engineering of a probiotic yeast for the production and secretion of medium-chain fatty acids antagonistic to an opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1090501. [PMID: 36923462 PMCID: PMC10008859 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, with its infection as one of the causes of morbidity or mortality. Notably, the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii has shown the potential to fight against Candida infections. In this study, we aimed to engineer a commercial boulardii strain to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) with antagonistic effects against C. albicans. First, we identified and characterized a boulardii strain and created its auxotrophic strain Δura3. Next, we constructed and expressed a heterologous MCFA biosynthetic pathway under the control of inducible and constitutive promoters. Aside from examining MCFA production and secretion, we confirmed MCFAs' effects on C. albicans' anti-biofilm and anti-hyphal formations and the immunomodulatory effect of MCFA-containing supernatants on Caco-2 cells. We found that under constitutive promoters, the engineered boulardii strain constitutively produced and secreted a mixture of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. The secreted MCFAs then reduced biofilm and hyphal formations in C. albicans SC5314. We also confirmed that MCFAs upregulated the expression of virulence-related genes in SC5314. Furthermore, we found that the constitutively produced MCFAs in the supernatant induced the upregulation of immune response genes in Caco-2 cells co-cultured with SC5314, indicating MCFAs' roles in immunomodulation. Overall, the engineered boulardii strain produced and secreted MCFAs, as well as demonstrated antagonistic effects against C. albicans SC5314 and immune-modulatory effects in Caco-2. To our knowledge, this represents the first study tackling the metabolic engineering of a commercial probiotic yeast strain to constitutively produce and secrete MCFAs showing anti-Candida effects. Our study forms the basis of the potential development of a live biotherapeutics probiotic yeast against Candida infections through metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ling
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruirui Liu
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Hui Sam
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Zhao J, Ma H, Wu W, Ali Bacar M, Wang Q, Gao M, Wu C, Xia C, Qian D, Chong WWF, Lam SS. Product spectrum analysis and microbial insights of medium-chain fatty acids production from waste biomass during liquor fermentation process: Effects of substrate concentrations and fermentation modes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128375. [PMID: 36414142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Substrate toxicity would limit the upgrading of waste biomass to medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). In this work, two fermentation modes of electro-fermentation (EF) and traditional fermentation (TF) with different concentration of liquor fermentation waste (20%, 40%, 60%) were used for MCFAs production as well as mechanism investigation. The highest caproate (4.04 g/L) and butyrate (13.96 g/L) concentrations were obtained by EF at 40% substrate concentration. TF experiments showed that the substrate concentration above 40% severely inhibited ethanol oxidation and products formation. Compared with TF mode, the total substrates consumption and product yields under EF mode were significantly increased by 2.6%-43.5% and 54.0%-83.0%, respectively. Microbial analysis indicated that EF effectively alleviated substrate toxicity and enriched chain elongation bacteria, particularly Clostridium_sensu_stricto 12, thereby promoting ethanol oxidation and products formation. Caproiciproducens tolerated high-concentration substrates to ensure normal lactate metabolism. This study provides a new way to produce MCFAs from high concentration wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China.
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohammed Ali Bacar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Dayi Qian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - William Woei Fong Chong
- Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
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16
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Zhang Q, Jia S, Ding Y, Li D, Ding Y, Zhou X. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of malondialdehyde against Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from a traditional Chinese dry-cured fish. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979388. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most representative reactive carbonyl species (RCSs) produced by lipid oxidation in food. However, the inhibitory effect of MDA on microorganisms has received little attention. Thus, the aim of this study was to reveal the antibacterial mechanism of MDA on Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from dry-cured fish. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDA on S. xylosus and L. plantarum were 90 μg/ml and 180 μg/ml, respectively. Time-kill curves indicated a concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of MDA. Moreover, cell wall damage, cell membrane depolarization, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decline, Ca2+ and Mg2+ leakage, cell morphological destruction and alterations in intracellular biomolecules were observed, which indicated the negative influence of MDA on cell membrane and cellular homeostasis. This study demonstrated the potential antimicrobial properties of MDA and provided theoretical support for the scientific prevention and control of lipid oxidation and microbial contamination in food. This study demonstrated the potential antibacterial properties of MDA and further enriches theoretical studies on the effects of lipid oxidation on microorganisms.
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17
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Sarmikasoglou E, Ferrell J, Vinyard JR, Flythe MD, Tuanyok A, Faciola AP. Effects of ruminal lipopolysaccharides on growth and fermentation end products of pure cultured bacteria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15932. [PMID: 36151241 PMCID: PMC9508262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of ruminal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been linked to ruminal acidosis; however, they result in reduced endotoxicity compared to LPS derived from species like Escherichia coli. Additionally, there is a knowledge gap on the potential effect of LPS derived from ruminal microbiome on ruminal bacteria species whose abundance is associated with ruminal acidosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of LPS-free anaerobic water (CTRL), E. coli-LPS (E. COLI), ruminal-LPS (RUM), and a 1:1 mixture of E. coli and ruminal-LPS (MIX) on the growth characteristics and fermentation end products of lactate-producing bacteria (Streptococcus bovis JB1, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4) and lactate-utilizing bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii T81). The growth characteristics were predicted based on the logistic growth model, the ammonia concentration was determined by the phenolic acid/hypochlorite method and organic acids were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography. Results indicate that, compared to the CTRL, the maximum specific growth rate of S. bovis JB1 decreased by approximately 19% and 23% when RUM and MIX were dosed, respectively. In addition, acetate and lactate concentrations in Se. ruminantium HD4 were reduced by approximately 30% and 18%; respectively, in response to MIX dosing. Compared to CTRL, lactate concentration from S. bovis JB1 was reduced approximately by 31% and 22% in response to RUM and MIX dosing; respectively. In summary, RUM decreased the growth and lactate production of some lactate-producing bacteria, potentially mitigating the development of subacute ruminal acidosis by restricting lactate availability to some lactate-utilizing bacteria that metabolize lactate into VFAs thus further contributing to the development of acidosis. Also, RUM did not affect Megasphaera elsdenii T81 growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Ferrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - James R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Apichai Tuanyok
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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18
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Ashraf Ismail N, Moussa AM, Kahraman R, Shakoor R. Study on the corrosion behavior of polymeric nanocomposite coatings containing halloysite nanotubes loaded with multicomponent inhibitor. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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19
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Lipids and Fatty Acids in Some Mesopelagic Fish Species: General Characteristics and Peculiarities of Adaptive Response to Deep-Water Habitat. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The lipid and fatty acid composition of muscles of mesopelagic fish species Lampanyctus macdonaldi, Bathylagus euryops, Serrivomer beanii, Scopelogadus beanii in the Irminger Sea at deep range were studied. The contents of the total lipids (TLs), total phospholipids (PLs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol (Chol), Chol esters, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and wax esters were determined by HPTLC; the PL classes were determined by HPLC; and fatty acids (FAs) were determined using GC. It was found significant differences in lipid profile of the studied fishes: Chol esters and waxes were dominant in L. macdonaldii and S. beanii, fish species with diel vertical migrations (DVM), while TAGs were prevalent in B. euryops and Sc. Beanii—non-migratory species. It was revealed the species-specific differences in FAs profiles of the studied fish. Along with this, it was detected the similarity of FAs in fish, which is associated with food sources. A comparative analysis of lipids and FAs among L. macdonaldi and S. beanii collected in the Irminger Sea and L. alatus and S. beanii collected in the Tropic Seamount revealed similar biochemical strategies for the accumulation of certain lipids characterized the mesopelagic inhabit despite latitude differences of the area of study.
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20
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Koutsos E, Modica B, Freel T. Immunomodulatory potential of black soldier fly larvae: applications beyond nutrition in animal feeding programs. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac084. [PMID: 35854966 PMCID: PMC9280983 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-derived ingredients, including whole larvae, protein-rich meal, and oil, have been extensively studied in recent years and shown to be a sustainable source of quality nutrition for virtually all animal species and life stages. In addition to the ability to use these ingredients as a source of essential nutrition, more recent research has demonstrated the potential for the immunomodulatory activity of various components of insect-derived ingredients. For all insects studied, antimicrobial peptides make up a critical part of the insects’ innate immune system and these peptides have antimicrobial efficacy when purified from hemolymph and tested in vitro. From black soldier fly larvae, in particular, lauric acid is a predominant fatty acid deposited into the insect, and lauric acid also has potential antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the chitin and chitosan components of the insect exoskeleton may modulate microbial activity in a variety of ways. In companion animals, poultry, and livestock species, insect-derived ingredients have shown the potential to reduce the impact of actual or simulated disease challenge on several parameters of animal health and well-being. This review describes the current state of knowledge of the immunomodulatory potential of insect-derived ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bree Modica
- EnviroFlight, LLC , 1118 Progress Way, Maysville, KY 41056 , USA
| | - Tarra Freel
- EnviroFlight, LLC , 1118 Progress Way, Maysville, KY 41056 , USA
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21
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Mechanistic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Lipid Interactions with Tethered Lipid Bilayers by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103712. [PMID: 35632121 PMCID: PMC9148023 DOI: 10.3390/s22103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive interest in developing real-time biosensing strategies to characterize the membrane-disruptive properties of antimicrobial lipids and surfactants. Currently used biosensing strategies mainly focus on tracking membrane morphological changes such as budding and tubule formation, while there is an outstanding need to develop a label-free biosensing strategy to directly evaluate the molecular-level mechanistic details by which antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes. Herein, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we conducted label-free biosensing measurements to track the real-time interactions between three representative compounds—glycerol monolaurate (GML), lauric acid (LA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—and a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platform. The EIS measurements verified that all three compounds are mainly active above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, while also revealing that GML induces irreversible membrane damage whereas the membrane-disruptive effects of LA are largely reversible. In addition, SDS micelles caused membrane solubilization, while SDS monomers still caused membrane defect formation, shedding light on how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants can be active in, not only micellar form, but also as monomers in some cases. These findings expand our mechanistic knowledge of how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes and demonstrate the analytical merits of utilizing the EIS sensing approach to comparatively evaluate membrane-disruptive antimicrobial compounds.
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22
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Obukhova ES, Rozhina AM, Voronin VP, Dgebuadze PY, Murzina SA. Antimicrobial Activity of Lipid Extracts of Echinoderms in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea). DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 503:59-66. [PMID: 35538279 PMCID: PMC9090694 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The obtained results on the study of the antimicrobial activity of lipid extracts of tissues of starfishes Linckia laevigata and Culcita novaeguineae and sea urchin Diadema setosum collected in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea) against nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida sp., Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus are presented. The effect of the investigated extracts on Gram-positive, Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as yeast of the genus Candida, was determined. It was found that lipid extracts of echinoderms of the Nhatrang Bay exhibit the highest antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive microorganisms, namely Streptococcus pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Obukhova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia. .,Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - A M Rozhina
- Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - V P Voronin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - P Yu Dgebuadze
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Murzina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
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23
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Pena RV, Machado RC, Caixeta MB, Araújo PS, de Oliveira EC, da Silva SM, Rocha TL. Lauric acid bilayer-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles disrupt early development of freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Acta Trop 2022; 229:106362. [PMID: 35150640 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been indicated for the control of parasites and intermediate hosts, as well as applications in several sectors of nanomedicine. However, knowledge regarding its toxicity, mechanisms of action and the role of functionalization in gastropods that act as intermediate hosts of neglected disease parasites is still scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of lauric acid bilayer-functionalized IONPs (LA-IONPs), lauric acid isolated (LA) and iron ions in embryos and newly-hatched Biomphalaria glabrata. The snails were exposed to different concentrations of IONPs, LA and iron ions (1.0-97.65 mg L-1) during 144 h (embryos) and 96 h (newly-hatched) and multiple parameters were analyzed, such as mortality, hatching rate, developmental delay, and morphological changes. The results showed that both iron forms (LA-IONPs and iron ions) and LA promoted mortality, hatching inhibition and morphological changes in snail embryos in a concentration-dependent patterns. Embryos also showed iron bioaccumulation after exposure to both iron forms. High toxicity was observed in newly-hatched snails compared to embryos, indicating the protective role of ovigerous masses during the early developmental stages. LA induced high developmental toxicity compared to LA-IONPs and iron ions. Results showed the molluscicide activity of LA-IONPs and isolated LA, indicating their potential use as molluscicide in the snail control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Veloso Pena
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605050, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cosme Machado
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605050, Brazil
| | - Maxwell Batista Caixeta
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605050, Brazil
| | - Paula Sampaio Araújo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605050, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605050, Brazil.
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24
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Cai Q, Zhang Y, Fang X, Lin S, He Z, Peng S, Liu W. Improving Anti-listeria Activity of Thymol Emulsions by Adding Lauric Acid. Front Nutr 2022; 9:859293. [PMID: 35464037 PMCID: PMC9024332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel emulsion, thymol (Thy) and lauric acid (LA) emulsion (Thy/LA-Emulsion) was prepared by homogenizing eutectic solvent (Thy/LA mixture) and caseinate solution. The effects of different thymol and lauric acid mass ratio on the formation, stability, and antibacterial activity of emulsions were studied. Compared with thymol alone, adding lauric acid (25, 50, and 75%) could enhance the antibacterial efficacy of the emulsions. Among them, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion could be stored at room temperature for a month without the increase of particle size, indicating that the addition of LA had not impacted the stability of emulsions. Meanwhile, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion exhibited a greater inhibition zone (3.06 ± 0.12 cm) and required a lower concentration (0.125 mg/mL) to completely inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, Thy/LA25%-Emulsion demonstrated the best antibacterial activity and physicochemical stability due to its long-term storage stability. Our results suggest that Thy/LA25%-Emulsion may become a more functional natural antibacterial agent with greater commercial potential owing to its cheaper raw materials, simpler production processes, and better antibacterial effect in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Suyun Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Suyun Lin,
| | - Zhirong He
- Jiangxi Danxia Biol Technol Co., Ltd., Yingtan, China
| | - Shengfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Wei Liu,
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25
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Cifuentes SG, Prado MB, Fornasini M, Cohen H, Baldeón ME, Cárdenas PA. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 supplementation modifies the fecal resistome during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12870. [PMID: 34990038 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The use and misuse of antimicrobials can select multi-resistant bacteria and modify the repertoire of ARGs in the gut. Developing effective interventions to manipulate the intestinal resistome would allow us to modify the antimicrobial resistance risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applying shotgun metagenomics, we compared the composition of fecal resistome from individuals treated with triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori plus Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I 745 (Sb) versus triple antibiotherapy without S. boulardii (control) before, after, and one month after treatments. DNA samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Reads were trimmed and filtered for quality, and the reads classified as host genome were removed from further analysis. We used the ResFinder database for resistome analysis and the web-based tool ResistoXplorer and RStudio for graphical representation and statistical analysis. RESULTS We identified 641 unique ARGs in all fecal samples, conferring resistance to 18 classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent ARGs found in at least 90% of the samples before the treatments were against tetracyclines, MLS-B (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B), beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides. Differential abundance analysis allowed the identification of ARGs significantly different between treatment groups. Thus, immediately after the treatments, the abundance of ARGs that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and two genes in the beta-lactam class (cfxA2 and cfxA3) was significantly lower in the group that received Sb than in the control group (edgeR, FDR <0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the addition of S. boulardii CNCM-I 745 to the conventional antibiotic eradication therapy for H. pylori reduced the abundance of ARGs, particularly those genes that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and a few genes in the beta-lactams class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Belén Prado
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Institute of Microbiology, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Fornasini
- Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Henry Cohen
- Clínica de Gastroenterología Prof. Dra. Carolina Olano, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Manuel Eduardo Baldeón
- Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Quito, Ecuador
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26
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Yap JWL, Lee YY, Tang TK, Chong LC, Kuan CH, Lai OM, Phuah ET. Fatty acid profile, minor bioactive constituents and physicochemical properties of insect-based oils: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34913758 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Insect-based food or ingredients have received tremendous attention worldwide because of their potential to ensure food and nutrition security, mitigating the reliance on land-dependent agricultural products. Indeed, insect-farming has low environmental impacts with reduced land, water and energy input. More importantly, insects are rich in high quality proteins and fats. They are also excellent sources of minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds. Insect-based lipids are intriguing because they may contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids particularly linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Besides, the insect-based lipids also show a considerable amount of bioactive components such as tocols, sterols and carotenoids. However, their fatty acid compositions and the nutritional values may vary depending on species, feed composition, developmental stage, geographical locations, and extraction techniques. Therefore, the present article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the fatty acid composition, the minor bioactive constituents and the physicochemical properties of fats and oils derived from insects of different orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera). The various parameters affecting the nutritional compositions of the insect-based lipids will also be highlighted. These information will definitely provide a detailed insight on the potential applications of these fats in various food systems based on their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Wee-Lek Yap
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Monash Industry Palm Oil Research Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia Bandar Sunway
| | - Teck-Kim Tang
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li-Choo Chong
- School of Food Studies and Gastronomy, Faculty of Social Science and Leisure Management, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Hao Kuan
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Oi-Ming Lai
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Tong Phuah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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27
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Tasanarong T, Patntirapong S, Aupaphong V. The inhibitory effect of a novel neem paste against cariogenic bacteria. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e1083-e1088. [PMID: 34824693 PMCID: PMC8601697 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a major oral health problem, which associates with cariogenic bacteria. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are facultative anaerobic bacteria that are found in tooth decay. Accordingly, neem leaf extract was developed due to its great anti-microbial property against many bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine anti-cariogenic properties of neem leaf extract in a novel paste preparation.
Material and Methods The neem extract was derived from maceration of dry neem leaves in ethanol for 48 h. The ethanolic extract was subjected to chemical identification using GC-MS. Neem pastes were prepared from ethanolic extract mixed with polyethylene glycol paste with or without zinc oxide. S. mutans and L. acidophilus test were initiated at bacterial concentration of 108 CFU/ml. The antibacterial activity was then performed by disc diffusion method following by minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) technique.
Results GC-MS result displayed 35 compounds. Compounds found in the extract were n-Hexadecanoic acid (31.18%), Hentriacontane (18%), Phytol (16.79%). Disc diffusion showed that ethanolic extract and neem pastes inhibited growth of both bacteria. For MBC, neem paste with zinc oxide at concentration of neem 0.4 mg/ml was the most effective concentration on inhibiting S. mutans growth. Neem pastes and ethanolic extract at concentration of neem 6.25 mg/ml inhibited L. acidophilus growth.
Conclusions The ethanolic neem leaf extract and novel neem pastes had antimicrobial effect on both S. mutans and L. acidophilus. By this property, neem paste could be developed for the application in dental field, i.e. pulp capping. Key words:Neem, Azadirachta indica, antimicrobial, cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somying Patntirapong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Visakha Aupaphong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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28
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Monaghan TM, Seekatz AM, Mullish BH, Moore-Gillon CCER, Dawson LF, Ahmed A, Kao D, Chan WC. Clostridioides difficile: innovations in target discovery and potential for therapeutic success. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:949-963. [PMID: 34793686 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2008907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a worldwide clinical problem. Increased incidence of primary infection, occurrence of hypertoxigenic ribotypes, and more frequent occurrence of drug resistant, recurrent, and non-hospital CDI, emphasizes the urgent unmet need of discovering new therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles identifying novel therapeutic targets or treatments for C. difficile from 2001 to 2021. We present an updated review on current preclinical efforts on designing inhibitory compounds against these drug targets and indicate how these could become the focus of future therapeutic approaches. We also evaluate the increasing exploitability of gut microbial-derived metabolites and host-derived therapeutics targeting VEGF-A, immune targets and pathways, ion transporters, and microRNAs as anti-C. difficile therapeutics, which have yet to reach clinical trials. Our review also highlights the therapeutic potential of re-purposing currently available agents . We conclude by considering translational hurdles and possible strategies to mitigate these problems. EXPERT OPINION Considerable progress has been made in the development of new anti-CDI drug candidates. Nevertheless, a greater comprehension of CDI pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions is beginning to uncover potential novel therapeutic targets, which can be exploited to plug gaps in the CDI drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna M Seekatz
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia C E R Moore-Gillon
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa F Dawson
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ammar Ahmed
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zeidler Ledcor Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weng C Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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29
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Arthithanyaroj S, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Chaisri U, Aunpad R, Aroonnual A. Effective inhibition of Clostridioides difficile by the novel peptide CM-A. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257431. [PMID: 34516580 PMCID: PMC8437281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection is the most common cause of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. C. difficile treatment is increasingly likely to fail, and the recurrence rate is high. Antimicrobial peptides are considered an alternative treatment for many infectious diseases, including those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. In the present study, we identified a CM peptide, a hybrid of cecropin A and melittin, and its derivative which possesses potent antimicrobial activity against C. difficile strain 630. CM peptide exhibited antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.906 μg/ml (2.21 μM). A modified derivative of CM, CM-A, exhibited even greater activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.953 μg/ml (1.06 μM) and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 7.8125 μg/ml (4.24 μM), which indicates that CM-A peptide is more efficient than its parent peptide. A fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that the membrane of C. difficile 630 could be an important target for CM-A. This peptide induced high levels of cell depolarization and cell permeability on C. difficile cell membrane. Moreover, electron microscopy imaging showed that CM-A interferes with the C. difficile cell membrane. Hence, the antimicrobial peptide CM-A may represent a promising novel approach for the treatment of C. difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirirak Arthithanyaroj
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneewan Aunpad
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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30
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhang R, Cao G, Li Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yang C. Serum metabolome and gut microbiome alterations in broiler chickens supplemented with lauric acid. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101315. [PMID: 34280650 PMCID: PMC8318919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse in poultry husbandry poses a potential threat to meat safety and human health. Lauric acid (LA) is a primary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a strong antibacterial capacity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of LA on the growth performance, immune responses, serum metabolism, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: CON, fed a basal diet; ANT, a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg antibiotic; LA500, a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg LA; LA1000, a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg LA. The feeding period was 42 d. The results showed that LA significantly improved broiler growth and immune functions, as evidenced by increased body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier, upregulated immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY), and downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) (P < 0.05). HPLC/MS-based metabolome analysis revealed that the serum metabolites in the LA group differed from those of CON and ANT groups. LA markedly decreased the abundance of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and inhibited the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, indicating its capacity to modulate lipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that LA significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by reducing Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Bacteroides, and increasing Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that changes in metabolism and microbiota were highly correlated with the growth and immune indices; strong links were also found between lipid metabolism and microbial composition. Taken together, LA promotes broiler growth and immune functions by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The above findings highlight the substantial potential of LA as a supplement in poultry diets and provide a new strategy to reduce antibiotic usage and improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Liang C, Gao W, Ge T, Tan X, Wang J, Liu H, Wang Y, Han C, Xu Q, Wang Q. Lauric Acid Is a Potent Biological Control Agent That Damages the Cell Membrane of Phytophthora sojae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666761. [PMID: 34421836 PMCID: PMC8374439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable management of plant pathogens is becoming more challenging, and novel solutions are needed. Plant biologically active secondary metabolites are important sources of novel crop protection chemistry. Effective individual compounds of these natural products have the potential to be successful new agrochemicals. In this study, we identified lauric acid (LA) from soybean defense leaf volatiles. LA inhibited the growth of Phytophthora sojae, the causal agent of soybean root rot. It influenced mycelial development, sporangium formation, and zoospore generation and germination by damaging the P. sojae cell membrane. Additionally, we showed that LA and several of its derivatives, such as glycerol monolaurate (GML), had similar biological activities. Both LA and GML were safe to soybean plants when used at less than 0.3 g a.i./plant and could promote soybean growth, implying their potential as eco-friendly biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Liang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenteng Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ting Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinwei Tan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huaxin Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Zhao J, Hu J, Ma X. Sodium Decanoate Improves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Antioxidation via Activating G Protein-Coupled Receptor-43. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082756. [PMID: 34444916 PMCID: PMC8401944 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to explore actions of decanoic acid on regulating intestinal barrier and antioxidant functions in intestinal epithelium cells isolated from porcine jejunum (IPEC-J2) and C57/BL6 mice models. In vitro and vivo assays, mice and IPEC-J2 cells treated by H2O2 were disposed of sodium decanoate and sodium butyrate to determine intestinal barrier and antioxidant functions of the host. Results showed that sodium decanoate upregulated expression of tight junction proteins and improved antioxidant capacity in both IPEC-J2 cells treated by H2O2 and mice models (p < 0.05). Sodium decanoate increased weight gain and ileal villus height of mice compared with control and sodium butyrate treatments (p < 0.05). Sodium decanoate increased α-diversity of ileal microbiota, volatile fatty acids concentration, and G protein-coupled receptor-43 (GPR-43) expression in the ileum and colon of mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sodium decanoate improved antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and gut physical barrier of intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in an increase growth performance of mice, which is mediated through activating GPR-43 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733588
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Chien HY, Hou CY, Hsu YT, Chen YZ, Wu SC. Applications of Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Mango Protected Clostridioides difficile Infection and Developed as an Innovative Probiotic Jam. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071631. [PMID: 34359501 PMCID: PMC8303244 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a large intestine disease caused by toxins produced by the spore-forming bacterium C. difficile, which belongs to Gram-positive bacillus. Using antibiotics treatment disturbances in the gut microbiota and toxins produced by C. difficile disrupt the intestinal barrier. Some evidence indicates fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics may decrease the risk of CDI recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fermented mango by using the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and develop innovative products in the form of fermented mango jam. L. acidophilus-fermented mango products inhibited the growth of C. difficile while promoting the growth of next-generation probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Both supernatant and precipitate of mango-fermented products prevented cell death in gut enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells against C. difficile infection. Mango-fermented products also protected gut barrier function by elevating the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, L. acidophilus-fermented mango jam with high hydrostatic pressure treatment had favorable textural characteristics and sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan; (B.-H.L.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
- Center of Allergy and Mucosal Immunity Advancement at the National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chien
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan; (B.-H.L.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - You-Zuo Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (W.-H.H.); (Y.-T.H.); (Y.-Z.C.)
| | - She-Ching Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, No. 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-05-2717622
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Immune-metabolic receptor GPR84 surrogate and endogenous agonists, 6-OAU and lauric acid, alter Brucella abortus 544 infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105079. [PMID: 34245824 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus, one of the most important members of the genus Brucella responsible for human disease, is an intracellular pathogen capable of avoiding or interfering components of the host immune responses that are critical for its virulence. GPR84, on the other hand, is a seven-transmembrane GPCR involved in the inflammatory response and its induced expression was associated with B. abortus infection of RAW264.7 cells. Here we examined the effects of the reported GPR84 surrogate and endogenous agonists, namely 6-n-octylaminouracil (6-OAU) and lauric acid (LU), respectively in the progression of B. abortus infection in a cell and mouse models. The in vitro studies revealed the LU had bactericidal effect against Brucella starting at 24 h post-incubation. Adhesion of Brucella to RAW264.7 cells was attenuated in both 6-OAU and LU treatments. Brucella uptake was observed to be inhibited in a dose and time-dependent manner in 6-OAU but only at the highest non-cytotoxic concentration in LU-treated cells. However, survival of Brucella within the cells was reduced only in LU-treated cells. We also investigated the possible inhibitory effects of the agonist in other Gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella Typhimurium and we found that both adhesion and uptake were inhibited in 6-OAU treatment and only the intracellular survival for LU treatment. Furthermore, 6-OAU treatment reduced ERK phosphorylation and MCP-1 secretion during Brucella infection as well as reduced MALT1 protein expression and ROS production in cells without infection. LU treatment attenuated ERK and JNK phosphorylation, MCP-1 secretion and NO accumulation but increased ROS production during infection, and similar pattern with MALT1 protein expression. The in vivo studies showed that both treatments via oral route augmented resistance to Brucella infection but more pronounced with 6-AOU as observed with reduced bacterial proliferation in spleens and livers. At 7 d post-treatment and 14 d post-infection, 6-OAU-treated mice displayed reduced IFN-γ serum level. At 7 d post-infection, high serum level of MCP-1 was observed in both treatments with the addition of TNF-α in LU group. IL-6 was increased in both treatments at 14 d post-infection with higher TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-10 in LU group. Taken together, 6-OAU and LU are potential candidates representing pharmaceutical strategy against brucellosis and possibly other intracellular pathogens or inflammatory diseases.
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Kengmo Tchoupa A, Eijkelkamp BA, Peschel A. Bacterial adaptation strategies to host-derived fatty acids. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:241-253. [PMID: 34218980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent antimicrobials which hold great promise as viable alternatives or complements to conventional antibiotics. Intriguingly, bacteria are well equipped to use environmental FAs as energy sources and/or building blocks for their membrane lipids. Furthermore, these microbes display a wide array of mechanisms to prevent or mitigate FA toxicity. In this review we discuss strategies that bacteria use to thrive despite extensive exposure to host-derived antimicrobial FAs. We also highlight the altered response of these FA-adapted bacteria to antibiotics. Given the ubiquitous nature of FAs in various host environments, deciphering bacterial adaptation strategies to FAs is of prime importance. This knowledge may pave the way for a rational design of FA-based combination therapies with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Kengmo Tchoupa
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Bart A Eijkelkamp
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Jia M, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Ma X. Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acids on Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:777-784. [PMID: 31889482 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666191231145901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are the main form of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) utilized by monogastric animals. MCFAs can be directly absorbed and supply rapid energy to promote the renewal and repair of intestinal epithelial cells, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function, and reduce inflammation and stress. In our review, we pay more attention to the role of MCFAs on intestinal microbiota and mucosa immunity to explore MCFA's positive effect. It was found that MCFAs and their esterified forms can decrease pathogens while increasing probiotics. In addition, being recognized via specific receptors, MCFAs are capable of alleviating inflammation to a certain extent by regulating inflammation and immune-related pathways. MCFAs may also have a certain value to relieve intestinal allergy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unknown mechanism of various MCFA characteristics still causes dilemmas in the application, thus MCFAs are used generally in limited dosages and combined with short-chain organic acids (SOAs) to attain ideal results. We hope that further studies will provide guidance for the practical use of MCFAs in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Enhanced Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism and Techno-Economic Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092510. [PMID: 33923072 PMCID: PMC8123281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to enhance the pharmaceutically active compounds’ (PhACs’) productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25 in submerged fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization. Besides, the characteristics and mechanism of PhACs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Further, the techno-economic analysis of PhACs production was estimated. The independent factors include the following: incubation time, pH, temperature, shaker rotation speed, the concentration of glucose, mannitol, and asparagine, although the responses were the dry weight of crude extracts, minimum inhibitory concentration, and inhibition zone and were determined by RSM. The PhACs were characterized using GC-MS and FTIR, while the mechanism of action was determined using gene ontology extracted from DNA microarray data. The results revealed that the best operating parameters for the dry mass crude extracts production were 8.20 mg/L, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value was 8.00 µg/mL, and an inhibition zone of 17.60 mm was determined after 12 days, pH 7, temperature 28 °C, shaker rotation speed 120 rpm, 1 g glucose /L, 3 g mannitol/L, and 0.5 g asparagine/L with R2 coefficient value of 0.70. The GC-MS and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of 21 PhACs, and several functional groups were detected. The gene ontology revealed that 485 genes were upregulated and nine genes were downregulated. The specific and annual operation cost of the production of PhACs was U.S. Dollar (U.S.D) 48.61 per 100 mg compared to U.S.D 164.3/100 mg of the market price, indicating that it is economically cheaper than that at the market price.
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Boumessid K, Barreau F, Mas E. How Can a Polymeric Formula Induce Remission in Crohn's Disease Patients? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084025. [PMID: 33919747 PMCID: PMC8070662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Among medical strategies, dietary therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition is recommended as a first-line option, at least for children, because it induces clinical remission and mucosal healing. Modulen®, a polymeric TGF-β2 enriched formula, has good palatability and is widely used. For the first time in the literature, this review outlines and discusses the clinical outcomes obtained with this therapy, as well as the potential mechanisms of action of its compounds. It can be explained by its TGF-β2 content, but also by its protein and lipid composition. Further well-designed studies are required to improve our knowledge and to optimize therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Boumessid
- INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Frederick Barreau
- INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (E.M.); Tel.: +33-5-62-74-45-04 (F.B.); +33-5-34-55-84-45 (E.M.); Fax: +33-5-62-74-45-58 (F.B.); +33-5-34-55-85-67 (E.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
- Unité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (E.M.); Tel.: +33-5-62-74-45-04 (F.B.); +33-5-34-55-84-45 (E.M.); Fax: +33-5-62-74-45-58 (F.B.); +33-5-34-55-85-67 (E.M.)
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Borrelli L, Varriale L, Dipineto L, Pace A, Menna LF, Fioretti A. Insect Derived Lauric Acid as Promising Alternative Strategy to Antibiotics in the Antimicrobial Resistance Scenario. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620798. [PMID: 33717009 PMCID: PMC7952302 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic misuse is greatly contributing to an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals. Natural and synthetic alternative strategies are being investigated in human and veterinary medicine, but little attention is paid to the antimicrobial effects of edible lipids, such as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and monoglycerides. Among MCFAs, lauric acid (LA) and its monoglyceride derivative, glycerol monolaurate (GML), exhibit the strongest antimicrobial activity. Coconut and palm kernel oils are considered the main sources of LA. On the other hand, some edible insects (e.g., Hermetia illucens) are gaining interest as novel feed ingredients, due to the high amount of LA they contain as well as their numerous bioactive components, which provide many additional benefits to animal health. Although the beneficial effect of both MCFAs and LA is gradually being recognized, their high content within insects and, consequently, their possible role as antimicrobials, has not been well-reported. This mini review focuses on the anti-infective effects of the insect-derived MCFAs LA and its derivatives. We emphasize the potential of insect lipids, compared to the other vegetable sources, in the current global scenario where a sustainable and circular economy is required. Finally, we critically discuss the use and the benefits of edible insects such as favorable options as feed and food from the perspective of animal and human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorena Varriale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pace
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia F Menna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Casillas-Vargas G, Ocasio-Malavé C, Medina S, Morales-Guzmán C, Del Valle RG, Carballeira NM, Sanabria-Ríos DJ. Antibacterial fatty acids: An update of possible mechanisms of action and implications in the development of the next-generation of antibacterial agents. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101093. [PMID: 33577909 PMCID: PMC8137538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of fatty acids (FA) is well known in the literature and represents a promising option for developing the next-generation of antibacterial agents to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections. FA are highly involved in living organisms' defense system against numerous pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. When combined with other antibacterial agents, the remarkable ability of FA to enhance their bactericidal properties is a critical feature that is not commonly observed in other naturally-occurring compounds. More reviews focusing on FA antibacterial activity, traditional and non-traditional mechanisms and biomedical applications are needed. This review is intended to update the reader on the antibacterial properties of recent FA and how their chemical structures influence their antibacterial activity. This review also aims to better understand both traditional and non-traditional mechanisms involved in these recently explored FA antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Casillas-Vargas
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Carlimar Ocasio-Malavé
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Solymar Medina
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Christian Morales-Guzmán
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - René García Del Valle
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA
| | - Néstor M Carballeira
- University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.
| | - David J Sanabria-Ríos
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, USA.
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Jin X, Zhou J, Richey G, Wang M, Hong SMC, Hong SH. Undecanoic Acid, Lauric Acid, and N-Tridecanoic Acid Inhibit Escherichia coli Persistence and Biofilm Formation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:130-136. [PMID: 33046677 PMCID: PMC8513074 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persister cell formation and biofilms of pathogens are extensively involved in the development of chronic infectious diseases. Eradicating persister cells is challenging, owing to their tolerance to conventional antibiotics, which cannot kill cells in a metabolically dormant state. A high frequency of persisters in biofilms makes inactivating biofilm cells more difficult, because the biofilm matrix inhibits antibiotic penetration. Fatty acids may be promising candidates as antipersister or antibiofilm agents, because some fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial effects. We previously reported that fatty acid ethyl esters effectively inhibit Escherichia coli persister formation by regulating an antitoxin. In this study, we screened a fatty acid library consisting of 65 different fatty acid molecules for altered persister formation. We found that undecanoic acid, lauric acid, and N-tridecanoic acid inhibited E. coli BW25113 persister cell formation by 25-, 58-, and 44-fold, respectively. Similarly, these fatty acids repressed persisters of enterohemorrhagic E. coli EDL933. These fatty acids were all medium-chain saturated forms. Furthermore, the fatty acids repressed Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) biofilm formation (for example, by 8-fold for lauric acid) without having antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates that medium-chain saturated fatty acids can serve as antipersister and antibiofilm agents that may be applied to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jiacheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Gabriella Richey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Mengya Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sung Min Choi Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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D. Goldenberg S, Merrick B. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation: looking beyond Clostridioides difficile infection. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:2049936120981526. [PMID: 33614028 PMCID: PMC7841662 DOI: 10.1177/2049936120981526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of screened and minimally processed faecal material from a 'healthy' donor to 'diseased' recipient. It has an established role, and is recommended as a therapeutic strategy, in the management of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Recognition that gut dysbiosis is associated with, and may contribute to, numerous disease states has led to interest in exploiting FMT to 'correct' this microbial imbalance. Conditions for which it is proposed to be beneficial include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy, neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety, systemic inflammatory states like sepsis, and even coronavirus disease 2019. To understand what role, if any, FMT may play in the management of these conditions, it is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of the therapy. Regardless, there are several barriers to its more widespread adoption, which include incompletely understood mechanism of action (especially outside of CDI), inability to standardise treatment, disagreement on its active ingredients and how it should be regulated, and lack of long-term outcome and safety data. Whilst the transfer of faecal material from one individual to another to treat ailments or improve health has a history dating back thousands of years, there are fewer than 10 randomised controlled trials supporting its use. Moving forward, it will be imperative to gather as much data from FMT donors and recipients over as long a timeframe as possible, and for trials to be conducted with rigorous methodology, including appropriate control groups, in order to best understand the utility of FMT for indications beyond CDI. This review discusses the history of FMT, its appreciable mechanisms of action with reference to CDI, indications for FMT with an emerging evidence base above and beyond CDI, and future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D. Goldenberg
- Centre for Clinical Infection & Diagnostics Research, King’s College London and Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, 5th floor, North Wing, St Thomas’ hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection & Diagnostics Research, King’s College London and Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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The Bactericidal Activity and Spore Inhibition Effect of Manuka Honey against Clostridioides Difficile. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100684. [PMID: 33050172 PMCID: PMC7600471 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile colitis overgrowth occurs when the normal gut microbiome becomes disrupted, often due to antibiotics. Effective treatment remains elusive, due partly to the persistence of its spores in the gut. Natural substances like manuka honey offer an alternative antimicrobial mechanism of action to conventional antibiotics. We investigated the antibiotic activity of manuka honey against 20 C. difficile isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of manuka honeys of methylglyoxal (MGO) grades 30+, 100+, 250+, and 400+ were determined based on broth microdilution. Sporicidal activity was assessed in a range of honey concentrations by enumerating total viable cell and spore counts at 0–96 h after organism inoculation. The MICs of C. difficile ranged from 4% to >30% (w/v). MIC50 for the four MGO grades were similar at 10–14%. MBC results for the majority of isolates were distributed bimodally at MBC/MIC ratios ≤4 or MBC >30%. Growth kinetics in honey showed total viable cell counts remaining >105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL at all time points, whereas spore counts remained within 1-log of baseline (102 CFU/mL) in honey but steadily increased in the drug-free control to >105 CFU/mL by 96 h. Manuka honey demonstrated variable inhibitory and bactericidal activity against C. difficile. MGO grade had no noticeable impact on overall MIC distributions or bactericidal activity. Although manuka honey could inhibit spore proliferation, it did not eradicate spores completely.
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Kumar P, Lee JH, Beyenal H, Lee J. Fatty Acids as Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Agents. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:753-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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San-Valero P, Abubackar HN, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Effect of pH, yeast extract and inorganic carbon on chain elongation for hexanoic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122659. [PMID: 31893537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several anaerobic bioconversion technologies produce short chain volatile fatty acids and sometimes ethanol, which can together be elongated to hexanoic acid (C6 acid) by Clostridium kluyveri in a secondary fermentation process. Initiatives are needed to further optimize the process. Therefore, five strategies were tested aiming at elucidating their influence on hexanoic acid production from mixtures of acetic acid, butyric acid and ethanol. pH-regulated bioreactors, maintained at pH 7.5, 6.8 or 6.4 led to maximum C6 acid concentrations of, respectively, 19.4, 18.3 and 13.3 g L-1. At pH 6.8, yeast extract omission resulted in a decrease of the hexanoic acid concentration to 12.0 g L-1 while the addition of an inorganic carbon source, such as bicarbonate, for pH control, increased the C6 acid concentration up to 21.4 g L-1. This research provides guidelines for efficient improved production of hexanoic acid by pure cultures of C. kluyveri, contributing to the state of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau San-Valero
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E - 15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Haris Nalakath Abubackar
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E - 15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Veiga
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E - 15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga 10, E - 15008 La Coruña, Spain.
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Antimicrobial Activity of Host-Derived Lipids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020075. [PMID: 32054068 PMCID: PMC7168235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-derived lipids are increasingly recognized as antimicrobial molecules that function in innate immune activities along with antimicrobial peptides. Sphingoid bases and fatty acids found on the skin, in saliva and other body fluids, and on all mucosal surfaces, including oral mucosa, exhibit antimicrobial activity against a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and reduce inflammation in animal models. Multiple studies demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of lipids is both specific and selective. There are indications that the site of action of antimicrobial fatty acids is the bacterial membrane, while the long-chain bases may inhibit cell wall synthesis as well as interacting with bacterial membranes. Research in this area, although still sporadic, has slowly increased in the last few decades; however, we still have much to learn about antimicrobial lipid mechanisms of activity and their potential use in novel drugs or topical treatments. One important potential benefit for the use of innate antimicrobial lipids (AMLs) as antimicrobial agents is the decreased likelihood side effects with treatment. Multiple studies report that endogenous AML treatments do not induce damage to cells or tissues, often decrease inflammation, and are active against biofilms. The present review summarizes the history of antimicrobial lipids from the skin surface, including both fatty acids and sphingoid bases, in multiple human body systems and summarizes their relative activity against various microorganisms. The range of antibacterial activities of lipids present at the skin surface and in saliva is presented. Some observations relevant to mechanisms of actions are discussed, but are largely still unknown. Multiple recent studies examine the therapeutic and prophylactic uses of AMLs. Although these lipids have been repeatedly demonstrated to act as innate effector molecules, they are not yet widely accepted as such. These compiled data further support fatty acid and sphingoid base inclusion as innate effector molecules.
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Lee YS, Yang WK, Jo EH, Ho Shin S, Lee YC, Park MC, Kim SH. NCM 1921, a Mixture of Several Ingredients, Including Fatty Acids and Choline, Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis in 1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene-Treated NC/Nga Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010165. [PMID: 31936050 PMCID: PMC7019988 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a mixture (NCM 1921) of omega-3 butter, omega-3 beef tallow oil, omega-3 lard oil, caprylic acid, lauric acid, choline, and Fe on AD in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-treated NC/Nga mice. NCM 1921 significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and microscopic signs and reduced skin thickness and mast cell incorporation in the skin lesions of mice with DNCB-induced AD. Furthermore, it reduced serum immunoglobulin E levels; reduced the number of IgE-producing B cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, white blood cells, and differential white blood cells; and increased the number of lymphocytes. NCM 1921 normalized the total cell number in dorsal skin tissue, the axillary lymph node, and spleen following DNCB exposure and reduced the number of CD23+/B220+ cells in the axillary lymph node and CD3+ cells in dorsal skin tissue. Moreover, it reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 but increased the levels of interferon-γ in anti-CD3–stimulated splenocytes. Immunohistofluorescence staining showed that NCM 1921 treatment significantly increased claudin1, filaggrin, and Sirt1 protein expressions in AD skin lesions. These results suggest that NCM 1921 could be a valuable remedy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sil Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea;
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Sunseo Omega3, 53 Judeognong-gong-gil, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27462, Korea;
| | - Young-Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea;
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-C.P.); (S.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-63-859-1114 (M.-C.P.); +82-42-280-2642 (S.-H.K.); Fax: +82-63-841-0033 (M.-C.P.); +82-42-274-2600 (S.-H.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-C.P.); (S.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-63-859-1114 (M.-C.P.); +82-42-280-2642 (S.-H.K.); Fax: +82-63-841-0033 (M.-C.P.); +82-42-274-2600 (S.-H.K.)
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Matsue M, Mori Y, Nagase S, Sugiyama Y, Hirano R, Ogai K, Ogura K, Kurihara S, Okamoto S. Measuring the Antimicrobial Activity of Lauric Acid against Various Bacteria in Human Gut Microbiota Using a New Method. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1528-1541. [PMID: 31665909 PMCID: PMC6923562 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719881366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lauric acid (LA) has a broad spectrum of anti-microbiological activities against enveloped viruses and various bacteria, and might be useful to protect against microbial infection and control the balance and distribution of bacteria in human gut microbiota. It is not necessarily more difficult to measure antimicrobial activity the traditional way, but it is, however, more laborious. In the present study, we developed a new method to measure the antimicrobial activity of LA in multiple samples with a microplate reader. A "test complex" (TC) was produced consisting of 100 μL of agar medium with LA in the bottom layer and 300 μL of broth in the top layer in 96-well deep-well microplates. Afterward, analysis of the broth in the top layer showed that the antimicrobial activity was the same as that of the "control complex," (CC) which consisted of 100 μL of agar medium in the bottom layer and 300 μL of broth with LA in the top layer. Furthermore, evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of the TC when using a microplate reader was the same as that with the use of the colony counting method. The colony counting method has confirmed that the antimicrobial activity of LA when bacteria are inoculated into the broth was equivalent between CC and TC, and we validated this by correlating the number of bacteria with absorbance. In addition, the broth itself in TC was transparent enough that the turbidity of broth can be used as an index of the number of bacteria, which enabled the use of a microplate reader for multiple samples. For human gut microbes, LA was shown to have low antimicrobial activity against commensal lactic acid bacteria, but high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Bacteroides and Clostridium, suggesting that LA might modulate intestinal health, as confirmed by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Matsue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagase
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rika Hirano
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kurihara
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Nguyen N, Dow M, Woodside B, German JB, Quehenberger O, Shih PAB. Food-Intake Normalization of Dysregulated Fatty Acids in Women with Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092208. [PMID: 31540208 PMCID: PMC6769727 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder affected by psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Individuals with AN avoid high-fat, high-calorie diets and have shown abnormal metabolism of fatty acids (FAs), which are essential for brain and cognitive/neuropsychiatric health. To clarify the relationship between FAs and AN, fasting and postprandial plasma FAs in AN patients and age-matched control women were analyzed via mass-spectrometry. Clinical phenotypes were assessed using Becker Anxiety Inventory and Becker Depression Inventory. AN patients and controls exhibited different FA signatures at both fasting and postprandial timepoints. Lauric acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) were higher in AN than in controls (lauric acid: 15,081.6 ± 14,970.2 vs. 8257.4 ± 4740.2 pmol/mL; ALA at fasting: 2217.7 ± 1587.6 vs. 1087.9 ± 821.2 pmol/mL; ALA at postprandial: 1830.9 ± 1115.6 vs. 1159.4 ± 664.7 pmol/mL. EPA: 33,788.3 ± 17,487.5 vs. 22,860.6 ± 12,642.4 pmol/mL; DPA: 32,664.8 ± 16,215.0 vs. 20,969.0 ± 12,350.0 pmol/mL. FDR-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Food intake and AN status modified the correlations of FAs with body mass index (BMI), depression, and anxiety. Desaturases SCD-18 and D6D showed lower activities in AN compared to controls. Altered FA signature, specifically correlations between elevated n-3 FAs and worsened symptoms, illustrate metabolic underpinnings in AN. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms by which FA dysregulation, specifically elevated n-3 FAs, affects AN risk and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhien Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michelle Dow
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Blake Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Pei-An Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Yang J, Yang H. Non-antibiotic therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection: a review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:493-509. [PMID: 31411909 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1648377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common infectious disease that is mainly caused by antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy is still the dominant treatment for CDI, although it is accompanied by side effects. Probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), engineered microorganisms, bacteriophages, diet, natural active substances, nanoparticles and compounds are examples of emerging non-antibiotic therapies that have received a great amount of attention. In this review, we collected data about different non-antibiotic therapies for CDI and provided a comprehensive analysis and detailed comparison of these therapies. The mechanism of action, therapeutic efficacy, and the strengths and weaknesses of these non-antibiotic therapies have been investigated to provide a basis for the reasonable alternative of non-antibiotic therapies for CDI. In summary, probiotics and FMT are currently the best choice for non-antibiotic therapy for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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