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Shu X, Yin D, Liang J, Xiang T, Zhang C, Li H, Zheng A, Li P, Wang A. Tilletia horrida glycoside hydrolase family 128 protein, designated ThGhd_7, modulates plant immunity by blocking reactive oxygen species production. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2459-2474. [PMID: 38501941 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tilletia horrida is an important soilborne fungal pathogen that causes rice kernel smut worldwide. We found a glycoside hydrolase family 128 protein, designated ThGhd_7, caused cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The predicted signal peptide (SP) of ThGhd_7 targets it for secretion. However, loss of the SP did not affect its ability to induce cell death. The 23-201 amino acid sequence of ThGhd_7 was sufficient to trigger cell death in N. benthamiana. ThGhd_7 expression was induced and upregulated during T. horrida infection. ThGhd_7 localised to both the cytoplasm and nucleus of plant cells, and nuclear localisation was required to induce cell death. The ability of ThGhd_7 to trigger cell death in N. benthamiana depends on RAR1 (required for Mla12 resistance), SGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1), and BAK1/SERK3 (somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 3). Heterologous overexpression of ThGhd_7 in rice reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhanced susceptibility to T. horrida. Further research revealed that ThGhd_7 interacted with and destabilised OsSGT1, which is required for ROS production and is a positive regulator of rice resistance to T. horrida. Taken together, these findings suggest that T. horrida employs ThGhd_7 to disrupt ROS production and thereby promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Shu
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Desuo Yin
- Food Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Liang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Du Z, Weng H, Jia H, Zhang B, Wu B, Chen W, Liu T, Gao L. Characterization of a Small Cysteine-Rich Secreted Effector, TcSCP_9014, in Tilletia controversa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1523. [PMID: 38891331 PMCID: PMC11174917 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tilletia controversa J. G. Kühn is the causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt (DB), a destructive disease causing tremendous economic losses. Small cysteine-rich secreted proteins (SCPs) of plant fungi are crucial in modulating host immunity and promoting infection. Little is known about the virulence effectors of T. controversa. Here, we characterized TcSCP_9014, a novel effector of SCPs, in T. controversa which suppressed programmed cell death triggered by BAX without relying on its signal peptide (SP). The SP in the N-terminus of TcSCP_9014 was functional in the secretory process. Live-cell imaging in the epidermal cells of Nicothiana benthamiana suggested that TcSCP_9014 localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Furthermore, yeast cDNA library screening was performed to obtain the interacting proteins in wheat. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays were applied to validate the interaction of TcSCP_9014 with TaMTAN and TaGAPDH. Our work revealed that the novel effector TcSCP_9014 is vital in modulating plant immunity, which opens up new avenues for plant-pathogen interactions in the T. controversa infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Boming Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of China, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Korla, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China
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3
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Kumar P, Kumari P. Lipase domain effector AGLIP1 in Rhizoctonia solani triggers necrotic killing in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:145. [PMID: 38761220 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We highlight the emerging role of the R. solani novel lipase domain effector AGLIP1 in suppressing pattern-triggered immunity and inducing plant cell death. The dynamic interplay between plants and Rhizoctonia solani constitutes a multifaceted struggle for survival and dominance. Within this complex dynamic, R. solani has evolved virulence mechanisms by secreting effectors that disrupt plants' first line of defense. A newly discovered effector, AGLIP1 in R. solani, plays a pivotal role in inducing plant cell death and subverting immune responses. AGLIP1, a protein containing a signal peptide and a lipase domain, involves complex formation in the intercellular space, followed by translocation to the plant cytoplasm, where it induces cell death (CD) and suppresses defense gene regulation. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate molecular interactions between plants and necrotrophic fungi, underscoring the imperative for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
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Kahar G, Haxim Y, Waheed A, Bozorov TA, Liu X, Wen X, Zhao M, Zhang D. Multi-Omics Approaches Provide New Insights into the Identification of Putative Fungal Effectors from Valsa mali. Microorganisms 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 38674600 PMCID: PMC11051974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi secrete numerous effectors into host cells to manipulate plants' defense mechanisms. Valsa mali, a necrotrophic fungus, severely impacts apple production in China due to the occurrence of Valsa canker. Here, we predicted 210 candidate effector protein (CEP)-encoding genes from V. mali. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 146 CEP-encoding genes were differentially expressed during the infection of the host, Malus sieversii. Proteome analysis showed that 27 CEPs were differentially regulated during the infection stages. Overall, 25 of the 146 differentially expressed CEP-encoding genes were randomly selected to be transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Pathogenicity analysis showed that the transient expression of VM1G-05058 suppressed BAX-triggered cell death while the expression of VM1G-10148 and VM1G-00140 caused cell death in N. benthamiana. In conclusion, by using multi-omics analysis, we identified potential effector candidates for further evaluation in vivo. Our results will provide new insights into the investigation of virulent mechanisms of V. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Kahar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yakupjan Haxim
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Tohir A. Bozorov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Xuejing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
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Zhang D, Lin R, Yamamoto N, Wang Z, Lin H, Okada K, Liu Y, Xiang X, Zheng T, Zheng H, Yi X, Noutoshi Y, Zheng A. Mitochondrial-targeting effector RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 in Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA has two functions: plant immunity suppression and cell death induction mediated by a rice cytochrome c oxidase subunit. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13397. [PMID: 37902589 PMCID: PMC10799210 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA causes a necrotrophic rice disease and is a serious threat to rice production. To date, only a few effectors have been characterized in AG-1 IA. We previously identified RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 and showed that infiltration of the recombinant protein into rice leaves caused disease-like symptoms. In the present study, we further characterized the functionality of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11. RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 is an alternative transcript of cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone Cox11 that starts from the second AUG codon, but contains a functional secretion signal peptide. RNA interference with RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 reduced the pathogenicity of AG-1 IA towards rice and Nicotiana benthamiana without affecting its fitness or mycelial morphology. Transient expression of the RsIA_CtaG/Cox11-GFP fusion protein demonstrated the localization of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 to mitochondria. Agro-infiltration of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 into N. benthamiana leaves inhibited cell death by BAX and INF1. In contrast to rice, agro-infiltration of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 did not induce cell death in N. benthamiana. However, cell death was observed when it was coinfiltrated with Os_CoxVIIa, which encodes a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. Os_CoxVIIa appeared to interact with RsIA_CtaG/Cox11. The cell death triggered by coexpression of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 and Os_CoxVIIa is independent of the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases BAK1/SOBIR1 and enhanced the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to AG-1 IA. Two of the three evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues at positions 25 and 126 of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 were essential for its immunosuppressive activity, but not for cell death induction. This report suggests that RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 appears to have a dual role in immunosuppression and cell death induction during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Runmao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of EducationHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhaoyilin Wang
- Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hui Lin
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro‐Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
| | - Xing Xiang
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tengda Zheng
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Xiaoqun Yi
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, and Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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Xie W, Cao W, Lu S, Zhao J, Shi X, Yue X, Wang G, Feng Z, Hu K, Chen Z, Zuo S. Knockout of transcription factor OsERF65 enhances ROS scavenging ability and confers resistance to rice sheath blight. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1535-1551. [PMID: 37776021 PMCID: PMC10632786 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) is a devastating disease that severely threatens rice production worldwide. Induction of cell death represents a key step during infection by the ShB pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we identified a rice transcription factor, OsERF65, that negatively regulates resistance to ShB by suppressing cell death. OsERF65 was significantly upregulated by R. solani infection in susceptible cultivar Lemont and was highly expressed in the leaf sheath. Overexpression of OsERF65 (OsERF65OE) decreased rice resistance, while the knockout mutant (oserf65) exhibited significantly increased resistance against ShB. The transcriptome assay revealed that OsERF65 repressed the expression of peroxidase genes after R. solani infection. The antioxidative enzyme activity was significantly increased in oserf65 plants but reduced in OsERF65OE plants. Consistently, hydrogen peroxide content was apparently reduced in oserf65 plants but accumulated in OsERF65OE plants. OsERF65 directly bound to the GCC box in the promoter regions of four peroxidase genes and suppressed their transcription, reducing the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oserf65 mutant exhibited a slight decrease in plant height but increased grain yield. Overall, our results revealed an undocumented role of OsERF65 that acts as a crucial regulator of rice resistance to R. solani and a potential target for improving both ShB resistance and rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenlei Cao
- College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Shuaibing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xiaopin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xuanyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guangda Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Keming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zongxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingAgricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu ProvinceYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaInstitutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Nguyen TP, Meng DR, Chang CH, Su PY, Ou CA, Hou PF, Sung HM, Chou CH, Ohme-Takagi M, Huang HJ. Antifungal mechanism of volatile compounds emitted by Actinomycetota Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens from a disease-suppressive soil on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mSphere 2023; 8:e0032423. [PMID: 37750721 PMCID: PMC10597458 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00324-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that in disease-suppressive soils, microbial volatile compounds (mVCs) released from bacteria may inhibit the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi. However, the antifungal activities and molecular responses of fungi to different mVCs remain largely undescribed. In this study, we first evaluated the responses of pathogenic fungi to treatment with mVCs from Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens. Then, we utilized the well-characterized fungal model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the potential mechanistic effects of the mVCs. Our data showed that exposure to P. ureafaciens mVCs leads to reduced growth of several pathogenic fungi, and in yeast cells, mVC exposure prompts the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Further experiments with S. cerevisiae deletion mutants indicated that Slt2/Mpk1 and Hog1 MAPKs play major roles in the yeast response to P. ureafaciens mVCs. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to mVCs was associated with 1,030 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in yeast. According to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, many of these DEGs are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, cell integrity, mitophagy, cellular metabolism, and iron uptake. Genes encoding antimicrobial proteins were also significantly altered in the yeast after exposure to mVCs. These findings suggest that oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are major contributors to the fungal toxicity of mVCs. Furthermore, our data showed that cell wall, antioxidant, and antimicrobial defenses are induced in yeast exposed to mVCs. Thus, our findings expand upon previous research by delineating the transcriptional responses of the fungal model. IMPORTANCE Since the use of bacteria-emitted volatile compounds in phytopathogen control is of considerable interest, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which fungi may adapt to microbial volatile compounds (mVCs). Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens is an isolated bacterium from disease-suppressive soil that belongs to the Actinomycetota phylum. P. ureafaciens mVCs showed a potent antifungal effect on phytopathogens, which may contribute to disease suppression in soil. However, our knowledge about the antifungal mechanism of mVCs is limited. This study has proven that mVCs are toxic to fungi due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. To deal with mVC toxicity, antioxidants and physical defenses are required. Furthermore, iron uptake and CAP proteins are required for antimicrobial defense, which is necessary for fungi to deal with the thread from mVCs. This study provides essential foundational knowledge regarding the molecular responses of fungi to inhibitory mVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - De-Rui Meng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Chang
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-An Ou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Fu Hou
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Mo Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
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Sabnam N, Hussain A, Saha P. The secret password: Cell death-inducing proteins in filamentous phytopathogens - As versatile tools to develop disease-resistant crops. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106276. [PMID: 37541554 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) are some of the secreted effector proteins manifested by filamentous oomycetes and fungal pathogens to invade the plant tissue and facilitate infection. Along with their involvement in different developmental processes and virulence, CDIPs play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions. As the name implies, CDIPs cause necrosis and trigger localised cell death in the infected host tissues by the accumulation of higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxidative burst, accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), and electrolyte leakage. They also stimulate the biosynthesis of defense-related phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET), as well as the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes that are important in disease resistance. Altogether, the interactions result in the hypersensitive response (HR) in the host plant, which might confer systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in some cases against a vast array of related and unrelated pathogens. The CDIPs, due to their capability of inducing host resistance, are thus unique among the array of proteins secreted by filamentous plant pathogens. More interestingly, a few transgenic plant lines have also been developed expressing the CDIPs with added resistance. Thus, CDIPs have opened an interesting hot area of research. The present study critically reviews the current knowledge of major types of CDIPs identified across filamentous phytopathogens and their modes of action in the last couple of years. This review also highlights the recent breakthrough technologies in studying plant-pathogen interactions as well as crop improvement by enhancing disease resistance through CDIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmiara Sabnam
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Pallabi Saha
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55108, United States; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
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9
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Wu H, Wang L, Wang W, Shao Z, Jia X, Xiao H, Chen J. The secretory Candida effector Sce1 licenses fungal virulence by masking the immunogenic β-1,3-glucan and promoting apoptosis of the host cells. MLIFE 2023; 2:159-177. [PMID: 38817625 PMCID: PMC10989805 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans deploys a variety of mechanisms such as morphological switch and elicitor release to promote virulence. However, the intricate interactions between the fungus and the host remain poorly understood, and a comprehensive inventory of fungal virulence factors has yet to be established. In this study, we identified a C. albicans secretory effector protein Sce1, whose induction and secretion are associated with vagina-simulative conditions and chlamydospore formation. Sequence alignment showed that Sce1 belongs to a Pir family in C. albicans, which is conserved across several fungi and primarily characterized as a β-glucan binding protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mechanically, Sce1 is primarily localized to the cell wall in a cleaved form as an alkali-labile β-1,3-glucan binding protein and plays a role in masking β-glucan in acidic environments and chlamydospores, a feature that might underline C. albicans' ability to evade host immunity. Further, a cleaved short form of Sce1 protein could be released into extracellular compartments and presented in bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with chlamydospores. This cleaved short form of Sce1 also demonstrated a unique ability to trigger the caspases-8/9-dependent apoptosis in various host cells. Correspondingly, genetic deletion of SCE1 led to dampened vaginal colonization of C. albicans and diminished fungal virulence during systemic infection. The discovery of Sce1 as a versatile virulence effector that executes at various compartments sheds light on the fungus-host interactions and C. albicans pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Li Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Zhugui Shao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xin‐Ming Jia
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Xiao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiangye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Pollen Coat Proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Brassica oleracea Reveal Remarkable Diversity of Small Cysteine-Rich Proteins at the Pollen-Stigma Interface. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010157. [PMID: 36671543 PMCID: PMC9856046 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pollen coat is the outermost domain of the pollen grain and is largely derived from the anther tapetum, which is a secretory tissue that degenerates late in pollen development. By being localised at the interface of the pollen-stigma interaction, the pollen coat plays a central role in mediating early pollination events, including molecular recognition. Amongst species of the Brassicaceae, a growing body of data has revealed that the pollen coat carries a range of proteins, with a number of small cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) being identified as important regulators of the pollen-stigma interaction. By utilising a state-of-the-art liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach, rich pollen coat proteomic profiles were obtained for Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Brassica oleracea, which greatly extended previous datasets. All three proteomes revealed a strikingly large number of small CRPs that were not previously reported as pollen coat components. The profiling also uncovered a wide range of other protein families, many of which were enriched in the pollen coat proteomes and had functions associated with signal transduction, cell walls, lipid metabolism and defence. These proteomes provide an excellent source of molecular targets for future investigations into the pollen-stigma interaction and its potential evolutionary links to plant-pathogen interactions.
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ThSCSP_12: Novel Effector in Tilletia horrida That Induces Cell Death and Defense Responses in Non-Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314752. [PMID: 36499087 PMCID: PMC9736266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycete fungus Tilletia horrida causes rice kernel smut (RKS), a crucial disease afflicting hybrid-rice-growing areas worldwide, which results in significant economic losses. However, few studies have investigated the pathogenic mechanisms and functions of effectors in T. horrida. In this study, we found that the candidate effector ThSCSP_12 caused cell necrosis in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The predicted signal peptide (SP) of this protein has a secreting function, which is required for ThSCSP_12 to induce cell death. The 1- 189 amino acid (aa) sequences of ThSCSP_12 are sufficient to confer it the ability to trigger cell death in N. benthamiana. The expression of ThSCSP_12 was induced and up-regulated during T. horrida infection. In addition, we also found that ThSCSP_12 localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of plant cells and that nuclear localization of this protein is required to induce cell death. Furthermore, the ability of ThSCSP_12 to trigger cell death in N. benthamiana depends on the (RAR1) protein required for Mla12 resistance but not on the suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1 (SGT1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), or somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3). Crucially, however, ThSCSP_12 induced a defense response in N. benthamiana leaves; yet, the expression of multiple defense-related genes was suppressed in response to heterologous expression in host plants. To sum up, these results strongly suggest that ThSCSP_12 operates as an effector in T. horrida-host interactions.
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12
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Yang S, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Peng Yuan D, Li S, Kumar V, Mei Q, Hu Xuan Y. Rhizoctonia solani transcriptional activator interacts with rice WRKY53 and grassy tiller 1 to activate SWEET transporters for nutrition. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00216-8. [PMID: 36252923 PMCID: PMC10403663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agent of the sheath blight disease (ShB), invades rice to obtain nutrients, especially sugars; however, the molecular mechanism via which R. solani hijacks sugars from rice remains unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, rice-R. solani interaction model was used to explore whether pathogen effector proteins affect plant sugar absorption during infection. METHODS Yeast one-hybrid assay was used to identify Activator of SWEET2a (AOS2) from R. solani. Localization and invertase secretion assays showed that nuclear localization and secreted function of AOS2. Hexose transport assays verified the hexose transporter activity of SWEET2a and SWEET3a. Yeast two-hybrid assays, Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and transactivation assay were conducted to verify the AOS2-WRKY53-Grassy tiller 1 (GT1) transcriptional complex and its activation of SWEET2a and SWEET3a. Genetic analysis is used to detect the response of GT1, WRKY53, SWEET2a, and SWEET3a to ShB infestation. Also, the soluble sugar contents were measured in the mutants and overexpression plants before and after the inoculation of R. solani. RESULTS The present study found that R. solani protein AOS2 activates rice SWEET2a and localized in the nucleus of tobacco cells and secreted in yeast. AOS2 interacts with rice transcription factor WRKY53 and GT1 to form a complex that activates the hexose transporter gene SWEET2a and SWEET3a and negatively regulate rice resistance to ShB. CONCLUSION These data collectively suggest that AOS2 secreted by R. solani interacts with rice WRKY53 and GT1 to form a transcriptional complex that activates SWEETs to efflux sugars to apoplast; R. solani acquires more sugars and subsequently accelerates host invasion.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang T, Zhou S, Liang X, Xie C, Kang Z, Chen D, Zheng L. The Small Secreted Protein FoSsp1 Elicits Plant Defenses and Negatively Regulates Pathogenesis in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc4). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:873451. [PMID: 35620677 PMCID: PMC9129915 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.873451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), a typical vascular wilt disease caused by the soil-borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4), seriously threatens banana production worldwide. Pathogens, including vascular wilt fungi, secrete small cysteine-rich proteins during colonization. Some of these proteins are required for pathogenicity. In this study, 106 small secretory proteins that contain a classic N-terminal signal peptide were identified using bioinformatic methods in Foc4. Among them, 11 proteins were selected to show transient expressions in tobacco. Interestingly, transient expression of FoSsp1 in tobacco, an uncharacterized protein (of 145 aa), induced necrotic cell death reactive oxygen burst, and callous deposition. Furthermore, the expression of FoSSP1 in Foc4 wild type (WT) was up-regulated during the stage of banana roots colonization. A split-marker approach was used to knock out FoSSP1 in the Foc4 WT strain. Compared with the WT, the deletion mutant Fossp1 was normal in growth rate but increased in conidiation and virulence. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of four conidiation regulator genes in the Fossp1 deletion mutant was significantly decreased compared to the WT strain. In addition, the expression of four pathogenesis-related genes of bananas infected with Fossp1 deletion mutant was down-regulated in comparison with that of the WT. In summary, these results suggested that FoSSP1 is a putative elicitor that negatively regulates conidiation and pathogenicity in Foc4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Changping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Huang Z, Li H, Zhou Y, Bao Y, Duan Z, Wang C, Powell CA, Chen B, Zhang M, Yao W. Predication of the Effector Proteins Secreted by Fusarium sacchari Using Genomic Analysis and Heterogenous Expression. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010059. [PMID: 35049998 PMCID: PMC8780550 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the causative agents of pokkah boeng disease (PBD), which affects sugarcane crops globally, is the fungus Fusarium sacchari. These fungal infections reduce sugar quality and yield, resulting in severe economic losses. Effector proteins play important roles in the interactions between pathogenic fungi and plants. Here, we used bioinformatic prediction approaches to identify 316 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) in the complete genome of F. sacchari. In total, 95 CSEPs contained known conserved structures, representing 40 superfamilies and 18 domains, while an additional 91 CSEPs contained seven known motifs. Of the 130 CSEPs containing no known domains or motifs, 14 contained one of four novel motifs. A heterogeneous expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana was used to investigate the functions of 163 CSEPs. Seven CSEPs suppressed BAX-triggered programmed cell death in N. benthamiana, while four caused cell death in N. benthamiana. The expression profiles of these eleven CSEPs during F. sacchari infection suggested that they may be involved in sugarcane-F. sacchari interaction. Our results establish a basis for further studies of the role of effector molecules in pathogen–sugarcane interactions, and provide a framework for future predictions of pathogen effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Huixue Li
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Yuming Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Caixia Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (Z.H.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.B.); (Z.D.); (C.W.); (B.C.)
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (W.Y.)
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Beccari G, Hao G, Liu H. Editorial: Fusarium pathogenesis: Infection mechanisms and disease progression in host plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020404. [PMID: 36311135 PMCID: PMC9599377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Guixia Hao,
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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