1
|
Ishii T, Tsuchida N, Hemelda NM, Saito K, Bao J, Watanabe M, Toyoda A, Matsubara T, Sato M, Toyooka K, Ishihama N, Shirasu K, Matsui H, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y, Hayashi T, Kawaguchi A, Noutoshi Y. Rhizoviticin is an alphaproteobacterial tailocin that mediates biocontrol of grapevine crown gall disease. ISME J 2024; 18:wrad003. [PMID: 38365227 PMCID: PMC10811719 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Tailocins are headless phage tail structures that mediate interbacterial antagonism. Although the prototypical tailocins, R- and F-pyocins, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other predominantly R-type tailocins have been studied, their presence in Alphaproteobacteria remains unexplored. Here, we report the first alphaproteobacterial F-type tailocin, named rhizoviticin, as a determinant of the biocontrol activity of Allorhizobium vitis VAR03-1 against crown gall. Rhizoviticin is encoded by a chimeric prophage genome, one providing transcriptional regulators and the other contributing to tail formation and cell lysis, but lacking head formation genes. The rhizoviticin genome retains a nearly intact early phage region containing an integrase remnant and replication-related genes critical for downstream gene transcription, suggesting an ongoing transition of this locus from a prophage to a tailocin-coding region. Rhizoviticin is responsible for the most antagonistic activity in VAR03-1 culture supernatant against pathogenic A. vitis strain, and rhizoviticin deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in the antitumorigenic activity in planta. We identified the rhizoviticin-coding locus in eight additional A. vitis strains from diverse geographical locations, highlighting a unique survival strategy of certain Rhizobiales bacteria in the rhizosphere. These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of tailocins and provide a scientific foundation for employing rhizoviticin-producing strains in plant disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishii
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tsuchida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Present address: Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Niarsi Merry Hemelda
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Biology, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Kirara Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Present address: Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885-0091, Japan
| | - Jiyuan Bao
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsubara
- Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ishihama
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (WARC), National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang D, Lin R, Yamamoto N, Wang Z, Lin H, Okada K, Liu Y, Xiang X, Zheng T, Zheng H, Yi X, Noutoshi Y, Zheng A. Mitochondrial-targeting effector RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 in Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA has two functions: plant immunity suppression and cell death induction mediated by a rice cytochrome c oxidase subunit. Mol Plant Pathol 2024; 25:e13397. [PMID: 37902589 PMCID: PMC10799210 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA causes a necrotrophic rice disease and is a serious threat to rice production. To date, only a few effectors have been characterized in AG-1 IA. We previously identified RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 and showed that infiltration of the recombinant protein into rice leaves caused disease-like symptoms. In the present study, we further characterized the functionality of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11. RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 is an alternative transcript of cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone Cox11 that starts from the second AUG codon, but contains a functional secretion signal peptide. RNA interference with RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 reduced the pathogenicity of AG-1 IA towards rice and Nicotiana benthamiana without affecting its fitness or mycelial morphology. Transient expression of the RsIA_CtaG/Cox11-GFP fusion protein demonstrated the localization of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 to mitochondria. Agro-infiltration of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 into N. benthamiana leaves inhibited cell death by BAX and INF1. In contrast to rice, agro-infiltration of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 did not induce cell death in N. benthamiana. However, cell death was observed when it was coinfiltrated with Os_CoxVIIa, which encodes a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. Os_CoxVIIa appeared to interact with RsIA_CtaG/Cox11. The cell death triggered by coexpression of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 and Os_CoxVIIa is independent of the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases BAK1/SOBIR1 and enhanced the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to AG-1 IA. Two of the three evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues at positions 25 and 126 of RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 were essential for its immunosuppressive activity, but not for cell death induction. This report suggests that RsIA_CtaG/Cox11 appears to have a dual role in immunosuppression and cell death induction during pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Runmao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of EducationHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhaoyilin Wang
- Rice Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hui Lin
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro‐Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
| | - Xing Xiang
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tengda Zheng
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | | | - Xiaoqun Yi
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, and Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaChengduChina
- School of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishida K, Noutoshi Y. The function of the plant cell wall in plant-microbe interactions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 192:273-284. [PMID: 36279746 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is an interface of plant-microbe interactions. The ability of microbes to decompose cell wall polysaccharides contributes to microbial pathogenicity. Plants have evolved mechanisms to prevent cell wall degradation. However, the role of the cell wall in plant-microbe interactions is not well understood. Here, we discuss four functions of the plant cell wall-physical defence, storage of antimicrobial compounds, production of cell wall-derived elicitors, and provision of carbon sources-in the context of plant-microbe interactions. In addition, we discuss the four families of cell surface receptors associated with plant cell walls (malectin-like receptor kinase family, wall-associated kinase family, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase family, and lysin motif receptor-like kinase family) that have been the subject of several important studies in recent years. This review summarises the findings on both plant cell wall and plant immunity, improving our understanding and may provide impetus to various researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogasahara T, Kouzai Y, Watanabe M, Takahashi A, Takahagi K, Kim JS, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Time-series transcriptome of Brachypodium distachyon during bacterial flagellin-induced pattern-triggered immunity. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1004184. [PMID: 36186055 PMCID: PMC9521188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants protect themselves from microorganisms by inducing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) via recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), conserved across many microbes. Although the MAMP perception mechanism and initial events during PTI have been well-characterized, knowledge of the transcriptomic changes in plants, especially monocots, is limited during the intermediate and terminal stages of PTI. Here, we report a time-series high-resolution RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis during PTI in the leaf disks of Brachypodium distachyon. We identified 6,039 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves sampled at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after treatment (hat) with the bacterial flagellin peptide flg22. The k-means clustering method classified these DEGs into 10 clusters (6 upregulated and 4 downregulated). Based on the results, we selected 10 PTI marker genes in B. distachyon. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested a tradeoff between defense responses and photosynthesis during PTI. The data indicated the recovery of photosynthesis started at least at 12 hat. Over-representation analysis of transcription factor genes and cis-regulatory elements in DEG promoters implied the contribution of 12 WRKY transcription factors in plant defense at the early stage of PTI induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Ogasahara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - June-Sik Kim
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang D, Wang Z, Yamamoto N, Wang M, Yi X, Li P, Lin R, Nasimi Z, Okada K, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y, Zheng A. Secreted Glycosyltransferase RsIA_GT of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA Inhibits Defense Responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091026. [PMID: 36145458 PMCID: PMC9501517 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastomosis group AG-1 IA of Rhizoctonia solani Khün has a wide host range and threatens crop production. Various glycosyltransferases secreted by phytopathogenic fungi play an essential role in pathogenicity. Previously, we identified a glycosyltransferase RsIA_GT (AG11A_09161) as a secreted protein-encoding gene of R. solani AG-1 IA, whose expression levels increased during infection in rice. In this study, we further characterized the virulence function of RsIA_GT. It is conserved not only in Basidiomycota, including multiple anastomosis groups of R. solani, but also in other primary fungal taxonomic categories. RsIA_GT possesses a signal peptide (SP) for protein secretion, and its functionality was proven using yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana. The SP-truncated form of RsIA_GT (RsIA_GT(ΔS)) expressed in Escherichia coli-induced lesion-like phenotype in rice leaves when applied to punched leaves. However, Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressions of both the full-length RsIA_GT and RsIA_GT(ΔS) did not induce cell death in N. benthamiana leaves. Instead, only RsIA_GT(ΔS) suppressed the cell death induced by two reference cell death factors BAX and INF1 in N.benthamiana. RsIA_GT(ΔS)R154A D168A D170A, a mutant RsIA_GT(ΔS) for the glycosyltransferase catalytic domain, still suppressed the BAX- or INF1-induced cell death, suggesting that the cell death suppression activity of RsIA_GT(ΔS) would be independent from its enzymatic activity. RsIA_GT(ΔS) also suppressed the H2O2 production and callose deposition and showed an effect on the induction of defense genes associated with the expression of BAX and INF1. The transient expression of RsIA_GT(ΔS) in N. benthamiana enhanced the lesion area caused by R. solani AG-1 IA. The secreted glycosyltransferase, RsIA_GT, of R. solani AG-1 IA is likely to have a dual role in virulence inside and outside of host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhaoyilin Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Runmao Lin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zohreh Nasimi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 2300045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama 2300045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2440813, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aiping Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kashihara S, Nishimura T, Noutoshi Y, Yamamoto M, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y, Matsui H. HopAZ1, a type III effector of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci, induces a hypersensitive response in tobacco wildfire-resistant Nicotiana tabacum 'N509'. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:885-894. [PMID: 35233886 PMCID: PMC9104263 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci (formerly Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci; Pta) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial wildfire disease in Nicotiana tabacum. The pathogen establishes infections by using a type III secretion system to inject type III effector proteins (T3Es) into cells, thereby interfering with the host__s immune system. To counteract the effectors, plants have evolved disease-resistance genes and mechanisms to induce strong resistance on effector recognition. By screening a series of Pta T3E-deficient mutants, we have identified HopAZ1 as the T3E that induces disease resistance in N. tabacum 'N509'. Inoculation with the Pta ∆hopAZ1 mutant did not induce resistance to Pta in N509. We also found that the Pta ∆hopAZ1 mutant did not induce a hypersensitive response and promoted severe disease symptoms in N509. Furthermore, a C-terminal truncated HopAZ1 abolished HopAZ1-dependent cell death in N509. These results indicate that HopAZ1 is the avirulence factor that induces resistance to Pta by N509.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Kashihara
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Takafumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Noutoshi Y. Chemical Baiting Fishes Out CDKC;2 as a Novel Arabidopsis Clock Modulator. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:446-447. [PMID: 35260894 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelghany MMA, Kurikawa M, Watanabe M, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Kouzai Y, Noutoshi Y. Surveillance of Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Japanese Isolates with Varied Anastomosis Groups and Subgroups on Arabidopsis thaliana. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010076. [PMID: 35054469 PMCID: PMC8781544 DOI: 10.3390/life12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic plant pathogen with a wide host range. R. solani is a species complex consisting of thirteen anastomosis groups (AGs) defined by compatibility of hyphal fusion reaction and subgroups based on cultural morphology. The relationship between such classifications and host specificity remains elusive. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of seventeen R. solani isolates (AG-1 to 7) in Japan towards Arabidopsis thaliana using leaf and soil inoculations. The tested AGs, except AG-3 and AG-6, induced symptoms in both methods with variations in pathogenicity. The virulence levels differed even within the same AG and subgroup. Some isolates showed tissue-specific infection behavior. Thus, the AGs and their subgroups are suggested to be not enough to define the virulence (host and tissue specificity) of R. solani. We also evaluated the virulence of the isolates on Arabidopsis plants pretreated with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. No obvious effects were detected on the symptom formation by the virulence isolates, but ethylene and salicylic acid slightly enhanced the susceptibility to the weak and nonvirulent isolates. R. solani seems to be able to overcome the induced defense by these phytohormones in the infection to Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mohsen Ahmed Abdelghany
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Maria Kurikawa
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tumewu SA, Watanabe Y, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Identification of Aerotaxis Receptor Proteins Involved in Host Plant Infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Microbes Environ 2022; 37:ME21076. [PMID: 35264479 PMCID: PMC8958299 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605) is a foliar plant pathogen that causes wildfire disease on tobacco plants. It requires chemotaxis to enter plants and establish infection. While chemotactic signals appear to be the main mechanism by which Pta6605 performs directional movement, the involvement of aerotaxis or energy taxis by this foliar pathogen is currently unknown. Based on domain structures and similarity with more than 50 previously identified putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), the genome of Pta6605 encodes three potential aerotaxis transducers. We identified AerA as the main aerotaxis transducer and found that it possesses a taxis-to-serine-and-repellent (Tsr)-like domain structure that supports a periplasmic 4HB-type ligand-binding domain (LBD). The secondary aerotaxis transducer, AerB, possesses a cytosolic PAS-type LBD, similar to the Aer of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aerotaxis ability by single and double mutant strains of aerA and aerB was weaker than that by wild-type Pta6605. On the other hand, another cytosolic PAS-type LBD containing MCP did not make a major contribution to Pta6605 aerotaxis in our assay system. Furthermore, mutations in aerotaxis transducer genes did not affect surface motility or chemotactic attraction to yeast extract. Single and double mutant strains of aerA and aerB showed less colonization in the early stage of host plant infection and lower biofilm production than wild-type Pta6605. These results demonstrate the presence of aerotaxis transducers and their contribution to host plant infection by Pta6605.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Angelia Tumewu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
| | - Yuta Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ishihama N, Choi SW, Noutoshi Y, Saska I, Asai S, Takizawa K, He SY, Osada H, Shirasu K. Oxicam-type non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit NPR1-mediated salicylic acid pathway. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7303. [PMID: 34911942 PMCID: PMC8674334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylic acid (SA), target mammalian cyclooxygenases. In plants, SA is a defense hormone that regulates NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), the master transcriptional regulator of immunity-related genes. We identify that the oxicam-type NSAIDs tenoxicam (TNX), meloxicam, and piroxicam, but not other types of NSAIDs, exhibit an inhibitory effect on immunity to bacteria and SA-dependent plant immune response. TNX treatment decreases NPR1 levels, independently from the proposed SA receptors NPR3 and NPR4. Instead, TNX induces oxidation of cytosolic redox status, which is also affected by SA and regulates NPR1 homeostasis. A cysteine labeling assay reveals that cysteine residues in NPR1 can be oxidized in vitro, leading to disulfide-bridged oligomerization of NPR1, but not in vivo regardless of SA or TNX treatment. Therefore, this study indicates that oxicam inhibits NPR1-mediated SA signaling without affecting the redox status of NPR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ishihama
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seung-Won Choi
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ivana Saska
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shuta Asai
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Takizawa
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tumewu SA, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Identification of chemoreceptor proteins for amino acids involved in host plant infection in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Microbiol Res 2021; 253:126869. [PMID: 34597823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is crucial for Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 6605 to evoke disease in tobacco plants. Pta6605 harbors more than fifty genes for methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp), but almost all are functionally uncharacterized. Previously we identified a dCache_1 type MCP in Pta6605 that mediates chemotaxis to γ-aminobutyric acid, called McpG. In this study, we characterized four more dCache_1 type MCPs, three of which, PscA, PscB, and PscC2, are responsible for sensing amino acids. Using a capillary chemotaxis assay, we observed that PscA, PscB, and PscC2 mutant strains had reduced chemotaxis to most amino acids, indicating that PscA and PscB mediate chemotaxis to 14 amino acids, while PscC2 has a slightly narrower ligand recognition, mediating chemotaxis to 12 amino acids. Other cellular functions were also affected in ΔpscB and ΔpscC2: swarming motility was reduced, and biofilm formation was increased. Furthermore, ΔpscB and ΔpscC2 but not ΔpscA had reduced virulence in the host tobacco plant. On the other hand, ΔpscC1 was defective in motility and did not even respond to yeast extract and was unable to cause disease. These findings supported the idea that the chemosensory pathway correlated with virulence-related phenotypes. Amino acids are abundant in tobacco apoplast; having multiple MCPs appears to support the invasion of Pta6605 into the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Angelia Tumewu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Laili N, Mukaihara T, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Role of Trehalose Synthesis in Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis PW1001 in Inducing Hypersensitive Response on Eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Senryo-nigou). Plant Pathol J 2021; 37:566-579. [PMID: 34897249 PMCID: PMC8666247 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (Rsi, former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IV) PW1001, a causal agent of potato wilt disease, induces hypersensitive response (HR) on its non-host eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Senryo-nigou). The disaccharide trehalose is involved in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in many organisms. We found that trehalose is required for eliciting HR on eggplant by plant pathogen Rsi PW1001. In R. solanacearum, it is known that the OtsA/OtsB pathway is the dominant trehalose synthesis pathway, and otsA and otsB encode trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase and T6P phosphatase, respectively. We generated otsA and otsB mutant strains and found that these mutant strains reduced the bacterial trehalose concentration and HR induction on eggplant leaves compared to wild-type. Trehalose functions intracellularly in Rsi PW1001 because addition of exogenous trehalose did not affect the HR level and ion leakage. Requirement of trehalose in HR induction is not common in R. solanacearum species complex because mutation of otsA in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (former name: Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I) RS1002 did not affect HR on the leaves of its non-host tobacco and wild eggplant Solanum torvum. Further, we also found that each otsA and otsB mutant had reduced ability to grow in a medium containing NaCl and sucrose, indicating that trehalose also has an important role in osmotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Laili
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
- Research Center for Biology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911,
Indonesia
| | - Takafumi Mukaihara
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS), 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Kibichuo-cho, Okayama 716-1241,
Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yariuchi Y, Okamoto T, Noutoshi Y, Takahashi T. Responses of Polyamine-Metabolic Genes to Polyamines and Plant Stress Hormones in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Cells 2021; 10:3283. [PMID: 34943791 PMCID: PMC8699553 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, many of the enzymes in polyamine metabolism are encoded by multiple genes, whose expressions are differentially regulated under different physiological conditions. For comprehensive understanding of their regulation during the seedling growth stage, we examined the expression of polyamine metabolic genes in response to polyamines and stress-related plant hormones in Arabidopsis thaliana. While confirming previous findings such as induction of many of the genes by abscisic acid, induction of arginase genes and a copper amine oxidase gene, CuAOα3, by methyl jasmonate, that of an arginine decarboxylase gene, ADC2, and a spermine synthase gene, SPMS, by salicylic acid, and negative feedback regulation of thermospermine biosynthetic genes by thermospermine, our results showed that expressions of most of the genes are not responsive to exogenous polyamines. We thus examined expression of OsPAO6, which encodes an apoplastic polyamine oxidase and is strongly induced by polyamines in rice, by using the promoter-GUS fusion in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. The GUS activity was increased by treatment with methyl jasmonate but neither by polyamines nor by other plant hormones, suggesting a difference in the response to polyamines between Arabidopsis and rice. Our results provide a framework to study regulatory modules directing expression of each polyamine metabolic gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Yariuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kawaguchi A, Sone T, Ochi S, Matsushita Y, Noutoshi Y, Nita M. Origin of Pathogens of Grapevine Crown Gall Disease in Hokkaido in Japan as Characterized by Molecular Epidemiology of Allorhizobium vitis Strains. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111265. [PMID: 34833141 PMCID: PMC8620909 DOI: 10.3390/life11111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown gall is a globally distributed and economically important disease of grapevine and other important crop plants. The causal agent of grapevine crown gall is tumorigenic Allorhizobium vitis (Ti) strains that harbor a tumor-inducing plasmid (pTi). The epidemic of grapevine crown gall has not been widely elucidated. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 89 strains of Ti and nonpathogenic A. vitis to clarify their molecular epidemiology. Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the partial nucleotide sequences of pyrG, recA, and rpoD was performed for molecular typing of A. vitis strains isolated from grapevines with crown gall symptoms grown in 30 different vineyards, five different countries, mainly in Japan, and seven genomic groups A to F were obtained. The results of MLSA and logistic regression indicated that the population of genetic group A was significantly related to a range of prefectures and that the epidemic of group A strains originated mainly in Hokkaido in Japan through soil infection. Moreover, group E strains could have been transported by infected nursery stocks. In conclusion, this study indicates that both soil infection and transporting of infected nursery stocks are working as infection source in Hokkaido.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (WARC) (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-84-923-5336
| | - Teruo Sone
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;
| | - Sunao Ochi
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP), 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 721-8514, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIPP), 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 721-8514, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Mizuho Nita
- Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Winchester, VA 22602, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ogura K, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Taguchi F, Ichinose Y. Vfr targets promoter of genes encoding methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100944. [PMID: 33659714 PMCID: PMC7890371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence factor regulator (Vfr) is an indispensable transcription factor in the expression of virulence in the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonassyringae. However, the function of Vfr is not known so far. The deletion of vfr resulted in the loss of surface swarming motility and reduced the virulence in P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) 6605. In order to identify the target genes of Vfr, we screened the sequences that bind to Vfr by chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP) and sequencing methods using the closely related bacterium P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) B728a. For this purpose we first generated a strain that possesses the recombinant gene vfr::FLAG in Pss B728a, and performed ChIP using an anti-FLAG antibody. Immunoprecipitated DNA was purified and sequenced with Illumina HiSeq. The Vfr::FLAG-specific peaks were further subjected to an electrophoresis mobility-shift assay, and the promoter regions of locus tag for Psyr_0578 , Psyr_1776, and Psyr_2237 were identified as putative target genes of Vfr. These genes encode plant pathogen–specific methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (Mcp). These mcp genes seem to be involved in the Vfr-regulated expression of virulence. Identification of target gene of Vfr in Pseudomonas syringae by ChIP-seq and EMSA. Vfr targets 3 methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcp) genes. Existence of putative Vfr binding sequences in the promoter of 3 mcp genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ogura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tumewu SA, Ogawa Y, Okamoto T, Sugihara Y, Yamada H, Taguchi F, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Cluster II che genes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605, orthologs of cluster I in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are required for chemotaxis and virulence. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:299-312. [PMID: 33386986 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605) is a causal agent of wildfire disease in host tobacco plants and is highly motile. Pta6605 has multiple clusters of chemotaxis genes including cheA, a gene encoding a histidine kinase, cheY, a gene encoding a response regulator, mcp, a gene for a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, as well as flagellar and pili biogenesis genes. However, only two major chemotaxis gene clusters, cluster I and cluster II, possess cheA and cheY. Deletion mutants of cheA or cheY were constructed to evaluate their possible role in Pta6605 chemotaxis and virulence. Motility tests and a chemotaxis assay to known attractant demonstrated that cheA2 and cheY2 mutants were unable to swarm and to perform chemotaxis, whereas cheA1 and cheY1 mutants retained chemotaxis ability almost equal to that of the wild-type (WT) strain. Although WT and cheY1 mutants of Pta6605 caused severe disease symptoms on host tobacco leaves, the cheA2 and cheY2 mutants did not, and symptom development with cheA1 depended on the inoculation method. These results indicate that chemotaxis genes located in cluster II are required for optimal chemotaxis and host plant infection by Pta6605 and that cluster I may partially contribute to these phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Angelia Tumewu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yujiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuoka S, Sato K, Maruki-Imamura R, Noutoshi Y, Okabe T, Kojima H, Umezawa T. Identification of novel compounds that inhibit SnRK2 kinase activity by high-throughput screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 537:57-63. [PMID: 33385806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that regulates abiotic stress responses and development. SNF1-rerated protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a key regulator of ABA signaling. To isolate compounds which directly affect SnRK2 activity, we optimized a fluorescence-based system for high-throughput screening (HTS) of SnRK2 kinase regulators. Using this system, we screened a chemical library consisting of 16,000 compounds and identified ten compounds (INH1-10) as potential SnRK2 inhibitors. Further characterization of these compounds by in vitro phosphorylation assays confirmed that three of the ten compounds were SnRK2-specific kinase inhibitors. In contrast, seven of ten compounds inhibited ABA-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis cells. From these results, INH1 was identified as a SnRK2-specific inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. We propose that INH1 could be a lead compound of chemical tools for studying ABA responses in various plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Karin Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-0082, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Noutoshi Y, Toyoda A, Ishii T, Saito K, Watanabe M, Kawaguchi A. Complete Genome Sequence Data of Nonpathogenic Strain Rhizobium vitis VAR03-1, a Biological Control Agent for Grapevine Crown Gall Disease. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1451-1453. [PMID: 33026970 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0181-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crown gall disease in grapevine is caused by pathogenic strains of Rhizobium vitis with a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids. A nonpathogenic strain, VAR03-1 of R. vitis, has been isolated from the grapevine root of nursery stock and it was shown to act as a biological control agent to crown gall disease. Its disease-suppressive effect was observed even when it was coinoculated with the pathogen in a 1:1 ratio. Here, we present the complete genome data of R. vitis VAR03-1, assembled by sequencing reads obtained by both PacBio and Illumina technologies with annotation. This genome sequence could contribute to investigations of the molecular basis underlying the biocontrol activity as well as the root-colonization ability of this bacterial strain.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kirara Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kouzai Y, Shimizu M, Inoue K, Uehara‐Yamaguchi Y, Takahagi K, Nakayama R, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Abdelsalam SSH, Noutoshi Y, Mochida K. BdWRKY38 is required for the incompatible interaction of Brachypodium distachyon with the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Plant J 2020; 104:995-1008. [PMID: 32891065 PMCID: PMC7756360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne necrotrophic fungus that causes sheath blight in grasses. The basal resistance of compatible interactions between R. solani and rice is known to be modulated by some WRKY transcription factors (TFs). However, genes and defense responses involved in incompatible interaction with R. solani remain unexplored, because no such interactions are known in any host plants. Recently, we demonstrated that Bd3-1, an accession of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, is resistant to R. solani and, upon inoculation with the fungus, undergoes rapid induction of genes responsive to the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) that encode the WRKY TFs BdWRKY38 and BdWRKY44. Here, we show that endogenous SA and these WRKY TFs positively regulate this accession-specific R. solani resistance. In contrast to a susceptible accession (Bd21), the infection process in the resistant accessions Bd3-1 and Tek-3 was suppressed at early stages before the development of fungal biomass and infection machinery. A comparative transcriptome analysis during pathogen infection revealed that putative WRKY-dependent defense genes were induced faster in the resistant accessions than in Bd21. A gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis based on the transcriptome dataset demonstrated that BdWRKY38 was a GRN hub connected to many target genes specifically in resistant accessions, whereas BdWRKY44 was shared in the GRNs of all three accessions. Moreover, overexpression of BdWRKY38 increased R. solani resistance in Bd21. Our findings demonstrate that these resistant accessions can activate an incompatible host response to R. solani, and BdWRKY38 regulates this response by mediating SA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Yukiko Uehara‐Yamaguchi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
| | - Risa Nakayama
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Izumi C. Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Sobhy S. H. Abdelsalam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama University1‐1‐1 TsushimanakaOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐choTsurumi, Yokohama230‐0045Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City University641‐12 Maioka‐choTotsuka, Yokohama244‐0813Japan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City University22‐2 Seto, Kanazawa‐kuYokohamaKanagawa236‐0027Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR)Okayama University2‐20‐1 ChuoKurashiki710‐0046Japan
- Microalgae Production Technology LaboratoryRIKEN Baton Zone ProgramRIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Noutoshi Y, Toyoda A, Ishii T, Saito K, Watanabe M, Kawaguchi A. Complete Genome Sequence Data of Tumorigenic Rhizobium vitis Strain VAT03-9, a Causal Agent of Grapevine Crown Gall Disease. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1280-1282. [PMID: 33000999 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0180-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium vitis strain VAT03-9 (MAFF 211676) is a causal agent of crown gall disease in grapevine. It is one of the pathogenic strains of R. vitis isolated from graft unions of grapevine in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Inoculation tests verified its virulence for gall formation on grapevine, tomato, and sunflower. It harbors tumor-inducing plasmid. Here, we present the complete genome sequence with annotation of R. vitis VAR03-9 obtained by assembling reads from PacBio and Illumina-sequencers. This genome sequence should be useful for the analyses of pathogenicity and evolutionary lineage of the pathogens of crown gall disease.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kirara Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noutoshi Y, Toyoda A, Ishii T, Saito K, Watanabe M, Kawaguchi A. Complete Genome Sequence Data of Nonpathogenic and Nonantagonistic Strain of Rhizobium vitis VAR06-30 Isolated From Grapevine Rhizosphere. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020; 33:1283-1285. [PMID: 33000998 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0182-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) is one genus in the family Rhizobiaceae. Most of the species are epi- or endophytic bacteria which include tumorigenic or rhizogenic pathogens, root nodule bacteria, and commensal endosymbionts. Rhizobium vitis strain VAR06-30 is a commensal bacterium without pathogenicity which was isolated from a rootstock of grapevine in Japan. It also does not have antagonistic activity to the pathogenic strain of R. vitis. Here, we show the complete genome sequence data with annotation of R. vitis VAR06-30 which was analyzed by sequence reads obtained from both PacBio and Illumina platforms. This genome sequence would contribute to the understanding of evolutionary lineage and characteristics of Rhizobium commensal bacteria.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kirara Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdelsalam SSH, Kouzai Y, Watanabe M, Inoue K, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Tsuge S, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Identification of effector candidate genes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA expressed during infection in Brachypodium distachyon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14889. [PMID: 32913311 PMCID: PMC7483729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic phytopathogen belonging to basidiomycetes. It causes rice sheath blight which inflicts serious damage in rice production. The infection strategy of this pathogen remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that salicylic acid-induced immunity could block R. solani AG-1 IA infection in both rice and Brachypodium distachyon. R. solani may undergo biotrophic process using effector proteins to suppress host immunity before necrotrophic stage. To identify pathogen genes expressed at the early infection process, here we developed an inoculation method using B. distachyon which enables to sample an increased amount of semi-synchronous infection hyphae. Sixty-one R. solani secretory effector-like protein genes (RsSEPGs) were identified using in silico approach with the publicly available gene annotation of R. solani AG-1 IA genome and our RNA-sequencing results obtained from hyphae grown on agar medium. Expression of RsSEPGs was analyzed at 6, 10, 16, 24, and 32 h after inoculation by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and 52 genes could be detected at least on a single time point tested. Their expressions showed phase-specific patterns which were classified into 6 clusters. The 23 RsSEPGs in the cluster 1–3 and 29 RsSEPGs in the cluster 4–6 are expected to be involved in biotrophic and necrotrophic interactions, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy S H Abdelsalam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Egypt
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuge
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Institute for Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ichinose Y, Nishimura T, Harada M, Kashiwagi R, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Taguchi F, Takemoto D, Matsui H. Role of Two Sets of RND-Type Multidrug Efflux Pump Transporter Genes, mexAB-oprM and mexEF-oprN, in Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Plant Pathol J 2020; 36:148-156. [PMID: 32296294 PMCID: PMC7143514 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2019.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 has two multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump transporters, MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN. To understand the role of these MDR efflux pumps in virulence, we generated deletion mutants, ∆mexB, ∆mexF, and ∆mexB∆mexF, and investigated their sensitivity to plant-derived antimicrobial compounds, antibiotics, and virulence. Growth inhibition assays with KB soft agar plate showed that growth of the wild-type (WT) was inhibited by 5 µl of 1 M catechol and 1 M coumarin but not by other plant-derived potential antimicrobial compounds tested including phytoalexins. The sensitivity to these compounds tended to increase in ∆mexB and ∆mexB∆mexF mutants. The ∆mexB∆mexF mutant was also sensitive to 2 M acetovanillone. The mexAB-oprM was constitutively expressed, and activated in the ∆mexF and ∆mexB∆mexF mutant strains. The swarming and swimming motilities were impaired in ∆mexF and ∆mexB∆mexF mutants. The flood inoculation test indicated that bacterial populations in all mutant strains were significantly lower than that of WT, although all mutants and WT caused similar disease symptoms. These results indicate that MexAB-OprM extrudes plant-derived catechol, acetovanillone, or coumarin, and contributes to bacterial virulence. Furthermore, MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN complemented each other's functions to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Corresponding author. Phone/FAX) +81-86-251-8308, E-mail)
| | - Takafumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minori Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Kashiwagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tumewu SA, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Requirement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Chemotaxis for Virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Microbes Environ 2020; 35:ME20114. [PMID: 33162464 PMCID: PMC7734410 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely distributed non-proteinogenic amino acid that accumulates in plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Recent studies suggested that GABA also functions as an intracellular signaling molecule in plants and in signals mediating interactions between plants and phytopathogenic bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying GABA responses to bacterial pathogens remain unknown. In the present study, a GABA receptor, named McpG, was conserved in the highly motile plant-pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605). We generated a deletion mutant of McpG to further investigate its involvement in GABA chemotaxis using quantitative capillary and qualitative plate assays. The wild-type strain of Pta6605 was attracted to GABA, while the ΔmcpG mutant abolished chemotaxis to 10 mM GABA. However, ΔmcpG retained chemotaxis to proteinogenic amino acids and succinic semialdehyde, a structural analog of GABA. Furthermore, ΔmcpG was unable to effectively induce disease on host tobacco plants in three plant inoculation assays: flood, dip, and infiltration inoculations. These results revealed that the GABA sensing of Pta6605 is important for the interaction of Pta6605 with its host tobacco plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Angelia Tumewu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1–1–1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kawaguchi A, Nita M, Ishii T, Watanabe M, Noutoshi Y. Biological control agent Rhizobium (=Agrobacterium) vitis strain ARK-1 suppresses expression of the essential and non-essential vir genes of tumorigenic R. vitis. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:1. [PMID: 30602384 PMCID: PMC6317203 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-4038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insights into the virulence suppressive mechanism of a nonpathogenic strain of Rhizobium vitis ARK-1, we co-inoculated ARK-1 with a tumorigenic (Ti) strain of R. vitis to examine the expression of two essential virulence genes (virA and virG) and one non-essential gene (virD3) of the Ti strain at the wound site of grapevine. RESULTS Co-inoculation of ARK-1 with a Ti strain VAT03-9 at a 1:1 cell ratio into grapevine shoots resulted in significantly lower expression of the virulence genes virA, virD3, and virG of VAT03-9 at 1 day after inoculation compared with those when shoots were inoculated only with VAT03-9. ARK-1 was not able to catabolize acetosyringone, which is the plant-derived metabolites inducing the entire vir regulon in Ti strains, suggesting the direct effect of ARK-1 on the induction of broad range of vir genes of R. vitis Ti strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawaguchi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514 Japan
| | - Mizuho Nita
- AHS Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 595 Laurel Grove Rd, Winchester, VA 22602 USA
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kouzai Y, Noutoshi Y, Inoue K, Shimizu M, Onda Y, Mochida K. Benzothiadiazole, a plant defense inducer, negatively regulates sheath blight resistance in Brachypodium distachyon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17358. [PMID: 30478396 PMCID: PMC6255916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense inducers that mimic functions of the plant immune hormone salicylic acid (SA) often affect plant growth. Although benzothiadiazole (BTH), a synthetic analog of SA, has been widely used to protect crops from diseases by inducing plant defense responses, we recently demonstrated that SA, but not BTH, confers resistance against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight disease, in Brachypodium distachyon. Here, we demonstrated that BTH compromised the resistance of Bd3-1 and Gaz4, the two sheath blight-resistant accessions of B. distachyon, which activate SA-dependent signaling following challenge by R. solani. Moreover, upon analyzing our published RNA-seq data from B. distachyon treated with SA or BTH, we found that BTH specifically induces expression of genes related to chloroplast function and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, suggesting that BTH attenuates R. solani resistance by perturbing growth-defense trade-offs and/or by inducing a JA response that may increase susceptibility to R. solani. Our findings demonstrated that BTH does not work as a simple mimic of SA in B. distachyon, and consequently may presumably cause unfavorable side effects through the transcriptional alteration, particularly with respect to R. solani resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minami Shimizu
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Onda
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan. .,Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan. .,Microalgae Production Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. .,Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ombiro GS, Sawai T, Noutoshi Y, Nishina Y, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. Specific growth inhibitors of Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Microbiol Res 2018; 215:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Okamoto T, Takatani S, Noutoshi Y, Motose H, Takahashi T. Omeprazole Enhances Mechanical Stress-Induced Root Growth Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30011034 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sensing is one of the most fundamental processes for sessile plants to survive and grow. The response is known to involve calcium elevation in the cell. Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally on agar plates covered with a dialysis membrane show a 2-fold reduction in root growth compared with those grown vertically, a response to mechanical stress generated due to gravitropism of the root. To understand the molecular mechanism of how plant roots sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, we screened chemical libraries for compounds that affect the horizontal root growth in this experimental system and found that, while having no effect on root gravitropism, omeprazole known as a proton pump inhibitor significantly enhanced the mechanical stress-induced root growth reduction especially in lower pH media. In contrast, omeprazole reversed neither the alleviation of the mechanical stress-induced growth reduction caused by calcium depletion nor the insensitivity to the mechanical stress in the ethylene signaling mutant ein2. Together with the finding that omeprazole increased expression of touch-induced genes and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1, our results suggest that the target of omeprazole mediates ethylene signaling in the root growth response to mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takatani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Okamoto T, Takatani S, Noutoshi Y, Motose H, Takahashi T. Omeprazole Enhances Mechanical Stress-Induced Root Growth Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:1581-1591. [PMID: 30011034 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sensing is one of the most fundamental processes for sessile plants to survive and grow. The response is known to involve calcium elevation in the cell. Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally on agar plates covered with a dialysis membrane show a 2-fold reduction in root growth compared with those grown vertically, a response to mechanical stress generated due to gravitropism of the root. To understand the molecular mechanism of how plant roots sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, we screened chemical libraries for compounds that affect the horizontal root growth in this experimental system and found that, while having no effect on root gravitropism, omeprazole known as a proton pump inhibitor significantly enhanced the mechanical stress-induced root growth reduction especially in lower pH media. In contrast, omeprazole reversed neither the alleviation of the mechanical stress-induced growth reduction caused by calcium depletion nor the insensitivity to the mechanical stress in the ethylene signaling mutant ein2. Together with the finding that omeprazole increased expression of touch-induced genes and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1, our results suggest that the target of omeprazole mediates ethylene signaling in the root growth response to mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takatani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sawada T, Eguchi M, Asaki S, Kashiwagi R, Shimomura K, Taguchi F, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Noutoshi Y, Toyoda K, Ichinose Y. MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux pump transporter negatively controls N-acyl-homoserine lactone accumulation in pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci 6605. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:907-917. [PMID: 29549432 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that flagellar-motility-defective mutants such as ∆fliC of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605) have remarkably reduced production of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL), quorum-sensing molecules. To investigate the reason of loss of AHL production in ∆fliC mutant, we carried out transposon mutagenesis. Among approximately 14,000 transconjugants, we found 11 AHL production-recovered (APR) strains. In these APR strains, a transposon was inserted into either mexE or mexF, genes encoding for the multidrug efflux pump transporter MexEF-OprN, and mexT, a gene encoding a putative transcriptional activator for mexEF-oprN. These results suggest that MexEF-OprN is a negative regulator of AHL production. To confirm the negative effect of MexEF-OprN on AHL production, loss- and gain-of-function experiments for mexEF-oprN were carried out. The ∆fliC∆mexF and ∆fliC∆mexT double mutant strains recovered AHL production, whereas the mexT overexpressing strain abolished AHL production, although the psyI, a gene encoding AHL synthase, is transcribed as wild type. Introduction of a mexF or mexT mutation into another flagellar-motility- and AHL production-defective mutant strain, ∆motCD, also recovered the ability to produce AHL. Furthermore, introduction of the mexF mutation into other AHL production-defective mutant strains such as ∆gacA and ∆aefR also recovered AHL production but not to the ∆psyI mutant. These results indicate that MexEF-OprN is a decisive negative determinant of AHL production and accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawada
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miho Eguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiya Asaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Kashiwagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kousuke Shimomura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noutoshi Y, Shirasu K. A High-Throughput Chemical Screening Method for Inhibitors and Potentiators of Hypersensitive Cell Death Using Suspension Cell Culture of Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1795:39-47. [PMID: 29846917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7874-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Chemical biology provides an alternative way to identify genes involved in a particular biological process. It has the potential to overcome issues such as redundancy or lethality often found in genetic approaches, since the chemical compounds can simultaneously target all homologous proteins that function at the same step, and chemicals can be applied conditionally. Even with a variety of genetic approaches, the molecular mechanisms of plant hypersensitive cell death that occurs during disease resistance responses remain unclear. Therefore, application of chemical biology should provide new insights into this phenomenon. Here we describe a high-throughput chemical screening procedure to detect hypersensitive cell death quantitatively, using a suspension cell culture of Arabidopsis thaliana and a well-studied avirulent bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 avrRpm1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Immunity Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kouzai Y, Kimura M, Watanabe M, Kusunoki K, Osaka D, Suzuki T, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Hirayama T, Minami E, Nishizawa Y, Inoue K, Onda Y, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Salicylic acid-dependent immunity contributes to resistance against Rhizoctonia solani, a necrotrophic fungal agent of sheath blight, in rice and Brachypodium distachyon. New Phytol 2018; 217:771-783. [PMID: 29048113 PMCID: PMC5765516 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungus causing sheath blight. In consistent with its necrotrophic life style, no rice cultivars fully resistant to R. solani are known, and agrochemical plant defense activators used for rice blast, which upregulate a phytohormonal salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathway, are ineffective towards this pathogen. As a result of the unavailability of genetics, the infection process of R. solani remains unclear. We used the model monocotyledonous plants Brachypodium distachyon and rice, and evaluated the effects of phytohormone-induced resistance to R. solani by pharmacological, genetic and microscopic approaches to understand fungal pathogenicity. Pretreatment with SA, but not with plant defense activators used in agriculture, can unexpectedly induce sheath blight resistance in plants. SA treatment inhibits the advancement of R. solani to the point in the infection process in which fungal biomass shows remarkable expansion and specific infection machinery is developed. The involvement of SA in R. solani resistance is demonstrated by SA-deficient NahG transgenic rice and the sheath blight-resistant B. distachyon accessions, Bd3-1 and Gaz-4, which activate SA-dependent signaling on inoculation. Our findings suggest a hemi-biotrophic nature of R. solani, which can be targeted by SA-dependent plant immunity. Furthermore, B. distachyon provides a genetic resource that can confer disease resistance against R. solani to plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kusunoki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Daiki Osaka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Onda
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kitamatsu M, Kitabatake M, Noutoshi Y, Ohtsuki T. Synthesis and properties of peptide dendrimers containing fluorescent and branched amino acids. Biopolymers 2016; 100:64-70. [PMID: 23335168 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe dendritic peptides possessing central fluorescent amino acids with adjacent branched amino acids. These fluorescent-peptide dendrimers were prepared using (9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and Fmoc-derivative fluorescent and branched amino acids. The branched amino acids featured multiple carboxylic acids in their side chains, making the fluorescent-peptide dendrimers highly water-soluble compared with the analogous peptides containing the fluorescent amino acids only. The branched amino acid units also improved the fluorescence intensity of the dendrimers. Based on high-pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy results, we determined that the fluorescent groups were located in the core and that the carboxylic acids were located on the surface of the dendrimers. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was achieved among the three proximal fluorescent groups in one of the fabricated fluorescent-peptide dendrimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan. kitamatu@ apch.kindai.ac.jp
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kouzai Y, Kimura M, Yamanaka Y, Watanabe M, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Onda Y, Mochida K, Noutoshi Y. Expression profiling of marker genes responsive to the defence-associated phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:59. [PMID: 26935959 PMCID: PMC4776424 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachypodium distachyon is a promising model plants for grasses. Infections of Brachypodium by various pathogens that severely impair crop production have been reported, and the species accordingly provides an alternative platform for investigating molecular mechanisms of pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance. To date, we have a broad picture of plant immunity only in Arabidopsis and rice; therefore, Brachypodium may constitute a counterpart that displays the commonality and uniqueness of defence systems among plant species. Phytohormones play key roles in plant biotic stress responses, and hormone-responsive genes are used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate disease resistance responses during pathogen infection. For these purposes, defence-related phytohormone marker genes expressed at time points suitable for defence-response monitoring are needed. Information about their expression profiles over time as well as their response specificity is also helpful. However, useful marker genes are still rare in Brachypodium. RESULTS We selected 34 candidates for Brachypodium marker genes on the basis of protein-sequence similarity to known marker genes used in Arabidopsis and rice. Brachypodium plants were treated with the defence-related phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, and their transcription levels were measured 24 and 48 h after treatment. Two genes for salicylic acid, 7 for jasmonic acid and 2 for ethylene were significantly induced at either or both time points. We then focused on 11 genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) 1 protein and compared their expression patterns with those of Arabidopsis and rice. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Brachypodium contains several PR1-family genes similar to rice genes. Our expression profiling revealed that regulation patterns of some PR1 genes as well as of markers identified for defence-related phytohormones are closely related to those in rice. CONCLUSION We propose that the Brachypodium immune hormone marker genes identified in this study will be useful to plant pathologists who use Brachypodium as a model pathosystem, because the timing of their transcriptional activation matches that of the disease resistance response. Our results using Brachypodium also suggest that monocots share a characteristic immune system, defined as the common defence system, that is different from that of dicots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yurie Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Onda
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Cellulose Production Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Taguchi F, Inoue Y, Suzuki T, Inagaki Y, Yamamoto M, Toyoda K, Noutoshi Y, Shiraishi T, Ichinose Y. Characterization of quorum sensing-controlled transcriptional regulator MarR and Rieske (2Fe-2S) cluster-containing protein (Orf5), which are involved in resistance to environmental stresses in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. Mol Plant Pathol 2015; 16:376-87. [PMID: 25155081 PMCID: PMC6638344 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (Pta6605) produces acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), quorum sensing (QS) molecules that are indispensable for virulence in host tobacco infection. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of several QS-defective mutants revealed that the expression of the genes encoding the MarR family transcriptional regulator (MarR) and a Rieske 2Fe-2S cluster-containing protein (Orf5) located adjacent to psyI, a gene encoding AHL synthetase, are significantly repressed. Exogenous application of AHL recovered the expression of both marR and orf5 genes in the ΔpsyI mutant, indicating that AHL positively regulates the expression of these genes. To investigate the role of these genes in the virulence of Pta6605, ΔmarR and Δorf5 mutants were generated. Both mutants showed decreased swimming and swarming motilities, decreased survival ability under oxidative and nitrosative stresses and, consequently, reduced virulence on host tobacco plants. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the structure of the cell membranes of ΔmarR and Δorf5 mutants was severely damaged. Furthermore, not only the ratio of dead cells, but also the amount of flagella, extracellular DNA and protein released into the culture supernatant, was significantly increased in both mutants, indicating that the disruption of marR and orf5 genes might induce structural changes in the membrane and cell lysis. Because both mutants showed partly similar expression profiles, both gene products might be involved in the same regulatory cascades that are required for QS-dependent survival under environmentally stressed conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Taguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Noutoshi Y, Okazaki M, Shirasu K. Imprimatins A and B: novel plant activators targeting salicylic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav 2012; 7:1715-1717. [PMID: 23073003 PMCID: PMC3578917 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant activators are agrochemicals that protect plants from a broad range of pathogens by activating the plant immune system. Unlike pesticides, they do not target pathogens; therefore, plant activators provide durable effects that are not overcome by pathogenic microbes. Although certain plant activators have been applied to paddy fields for more than 30 years, the molecular basis of the underlying immune induction are unclear. From the screening of 10,000 diverse chemicals by a high-throughput screening procedure to identify compounds that specifically enhance pathogen-induced cell death in Arabidopsis cultured cells, we identified 7 compounds, which we designated as immune priming chemicals (Imprimatins). These compounds increased disease resistance against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria in Arabidopsis plants. Pretreatments increased the accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) but reduced its metabolite, SA-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG). Imprimatins inhibited the enzymatic activities of 2 SA glucosyltransferases (SAGTs) in vitro at concentrations effective for immune priming. Single and double knockout Arabidopsis plants for both SAGTs consistently exhibited enhanced disease resistance and SA accumulation. Our results demonstrate that the control of the free SA pool through SA-inactivating enzymes can be a useful methodology to confer disease resistance in plants. SAGTs can pave the way for target-based discovery of novel crop protectants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Noutoshi Y, Okazaki M, Shirasu K. Isolation and characterization of the plant immune-priming compounds Imprimatin B3 and -B4, potentiators of disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav 2012; 7:1526-8. [PMID: 23073018 PMCID: PMC3578884 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant activators are chemical crop protectants that fortify the immune system in plants. Unlike pesticides that target pathogens, plant activators provide durable effects against a broad spectrum of diseases, which have not been overcome by pathogenic microbes. Plant activators are not only useful agrochemicals, but can also help to elucidate the details of the plant immune system. Using an established high-throughput screening procedure, we previously identified 5 compounds, designated as Imprimatins, which prime plant immune response. These compounds increased disease resistance against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria in Arabidopsis plants by inhibiting 2 salicylic acid (SA) glucosyltransferases (SAGTs), resulting in accumulation of the phytohormone SA. Here, we report the isolation of 2 additional Imprimatins, B3 and B4, which are structurally similar to Imprimatin B1 and B2. Because these compounds did not have strong inhibitory effects on SAGTs in vitro, they may exert their function after metabolic conversion in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Plant activators are agrochemicals that activate the plant immune system, thereby enhancing disease resistance. Due to their prophylactic and durable effects on a wide spectrum of diseases, plant activators can provide synergistic crop protection when used in combination with traditional pest controls. Although plant activators have achieved great success in wet-rice farming practices in Asia, their use is still limited. To isolate novel plant activators applicable to other crops, we screened a chemical library using a method that can selectively identify immune-priming compounds. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of three diuretics, bumetanide, bendroflumethiazide and clopamide, as immune-priming compounds. These drugs upregulate the immunity-related cell death of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells induced with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in a concentration-dependent manner. The application of these compounds to Arabidopsis plants confers disease resistance to not only the avirulent but also a virulent strain of the pathogen. Unlike salicylic acid, an endogenous phytohormone that governs disease resistance in response to biotrophic pathogens, the three diuretic compounds analyzed here do not induce PR1 or inhibit plant growth, showing potential as lead compounds in a practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Noutoshi Y, Jikumaru Y, Kamiya Y, Shirasu K. ImprimatinC1, a novel plant immune-priming compound, functions as a partial agonist of salicylic acid. Sci Rep 2012; 2:705. [PMID: 23050089 PMCID: PMC3463816 DOI: 10.1038/srep00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant activators are agrochemicals that protect crops from pathogens. They confer durable resistance to a broad range of diseases by activating intrinsic immune mechanisms in plants. To obtain leads regarding useful compounds, we have screened a chemical library using an established method that allows selective identification of immune-priming compounds. Here, we report the characterisation of one of the isolated chemicals, imprimatinC1, and its structural derivative imprimatinC2. ImprimatinC1 functions as a weak analogue of salicylic acid (SA) and activates the expression of defence-related genes. However, it lacks antagonistic activity toward jasmonic acid. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggests that imprimatinC1 and C2 can be metabolised to 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 3,4-chlorobenzoic acid, respectively, to function in Arabidopsis. We also found that imprimatinC1 and C2 and their potential functional metabolites acted as partial agonists of SA. Thus, imprimatinC compounds could be useful tools for dissecting SA-dependent signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Noutoshi Y, Okazaki M, Kida T, Nishina Y, Morishita Y, Ogawa T, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Jikumaru Y, Hanada A, Kamiya Y, Shirasu K. Novel plant immune-priming compounds identified via high-throughput chemical screening target salicylic acid glucosyltransferases in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2012; 24:3795-804. [PMID: 22960909 PMCID: PMC3480303 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.098343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant activators are compounds, such as analogs of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA), that protect plants from pathogens by activating the plant immune system. Although some plant activators have been widely used in agriculture, the molecular mechanisms of immune induction are largely unknown. Using a newly established high-throughput screening procedure that screens for compounds that specifically potentiate pathogen-activated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cultured suspension cells, we identified five compounds that prime the immune response. These compounds enhanced disease resistance against pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria in Arabidopsis plants. Pretreatments increased the accumulation of endogenous SA, but reduced its metabolite, SA-O-β-d-glucoside. Inducing compounds inhibited two SA glucosyltransferases (SAGTs) in vitro. Double knockout plants that lack both SAGTs consistently exhibited enhanced disease resistance. Our results demonstrate that manipulation of the active free SA pool via SA-inactivating enzymes can be a useful strategy for fortifying plant disease resistance and may identify useful crop protectants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yoshimoto K, Noutoshi Y, Hayashi KI, Shirasu K, Takahashi T, Motose H. Thermospermine suppresses auxin-inducible xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav 2012; 7:937-9. [PMID: 22751360 PMCID: PMC3474689 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thermospermine, a structural isomer of spermine, is synthesized by a thermospermine synthase designated ACAULIS5 (ACL5). Thermospermine-deficient acl5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows severe dwarfism and excessive xylem differentiation. By screening for compounds that affect xylem differentiation in the acl5 mutant, we identified auxin analogs that remarkably enhanced xylem vessel differentiation in the acl5 mutant but not in the wild type. The xylem-inducing effect of auxin analogs was clearly suppressed by thermospermine, indicating that auxin-inducible xylem differentiation is normally limited by thermospermine. Here, we further characterized xylem-inducing effect of auxin analogs in various organs. Auxin analogs promoted protoxylem differentiation in roots and cotyledons in the acl5 mutant. Our results indicate that the opposite action between thermospermine and auxin in xylem differentiation is common in different organs and also suggest that thermospermine might be required for the suppression of protoxylem differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoshimoto
- Division of Bioscience; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences; Okayama University; Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry; Okayama University of Science; Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Plant Science Center; RIKEN; Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Division of Bioscience; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Division of Bioscience; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence to: Hiroyasu Motose,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Plant activators are agrochemicals that activate the plant immune system, thereby enhancing disease resistance. Due to their prophylactic and durable effects on a wide spectrum of diseases, plant activators can provide synergistic crop protection when used in combination with traditional pest controls. Although plant activators have achieved great success in wet-rice farming practices in Asia, their use is still limited. To isolate novel plant activators applicable to other crops, we screened a chemical library using a method that can selectively identify immune-priming compounds. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of three diuretics, bumetanide, bendroflumethiazide and clopamide, as immune-priming compounds. These drugs upregulate the immunity-related cell death of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells induced with an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in a concentration-dependent manner. The application of these compounds to Arabidopsis plants confers disease resistance to not only the avirulent but also a virulent strain of the pathogen. Unlike salicylic acid, an endogenous phytohormone that governs disease resistance in response to biotrophic pathogens, the three diuretic compounds analyzed here do not induce PR1 or inhibit plant growth, showing potential as lead compounds in a practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noutoshi Y, Ikeda M, Saito T, Osada H, Shirasu K. Sulfonamides identified as plant immune-priming compounds in high-throughput chemical screening increase disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2012; 3:245. [PMID: 23118736 PMCID: PMC3484364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant activators are agrochemicals that protect crops from diseases by activating the plant immune system. To isolate lead compounds for use as practical plant activators, we screened two different chemical libraries composed of various bioactive substances by using an established screening procedure that can selectively identify immune-priming compounds. We identified and characterized a group of sulfonamide compounds - sulfameter, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfabenzamide, and sulfachloropyridazine - among the various isolated candidate molecules. These sulfonamide compounds enhanced the avirulent Pseudomonas-induced cell death of Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures and increased disease resistance in Arabidopsis plants against both avirulent and virulent strains of the bacterium. These compounds did not prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in minimal liquid media at 200 μM. They also did not induce the expression of defense-related genes in Arabidopsis seedlings, at least not at 24 and 48 h after treatment, suggesting that they do not act as salicylic acid analogs. In addition, although sulfonamides are known to be folate biosynthesis inhibitors, the application of folate did not restore the potentiation effects of the sulfonamides on pathogen-induced cell death. Our data suggest that sulfonamides potentiate Arabidopsis disease resistance by their novel chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshiteru Noutoshi, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. e-mail:
| | - Mika Ikeda
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Tamio Saito
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteSaitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteSaitama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Narusaka M, Shirasu K, Noutoshi Y, Kubo Y, Shiraishi T, Iwabuchi M, Narusaka Y. RRS1 and RPS4 provide a dual Resistance-gene system against fungal and bacterial pathogens. Plant J 2009; 60:218-26. [PMID: 19519800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is a fungal pathogen that infects a wide variety of cruciferous plants, causing important crop losses. We have used map-based cloning and natural variation analysis of 19 Arabidopsis ecotypes to identify a dominant resistance locus against C. higginsianum. This locus named RCH2 (for recognition of C. higginsianum) maps in an extensive cluster of disease-resistance loci known as MRC-J in the Arabidopsis ecotype Ws-0. By analyzing natural variations within the MRC-J region, we found that alleles of RRS1 (resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1) from susceptible ecotypes contain single nucleotide polymorphisms that may affect the encoded protein. Consistent with this finding, two susceptible mutants, rrs1-1 and rrs1-2, were identified by screening a T-DNA-tagged mutant library for the loss of resistance to C. higginsianum. The screening identified an additional susceptible mutant (rps4-21) that has a 5-bp deletion in the neighboring gene, RPS4-Ws, which is a well-characterized R gene that provides resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4 (Pst-avrRps4). The rps4-21/rrs1-1 double mutant exhibited similar levels of susceptibility to C. higginsianum as the single mutants. We also found that both RRS1 and RPS4 are required for resistance to R. solanacearum and Pst-avrRps4. Thus, RPS4-Ws and RRS1-Ws function as a dual resistance gene system that prevents infection by three distinct pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Narusaka
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, 7549-1 Yoshikawa, Kibityuo, Kaga-gun, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kadota Y, Noutoshi Y, Shirasu K. [Disease resistance protein complexes in plants]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2007; 52:717-23. [PMID: 17566380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
|
46
|
Noutoshi Y, Kuromori T, Wada T, Hirayama T, Kamiya A, Imura Y, Yasuda M, Nakashita H, Shirasu K, Shinozaki K. Loss of Necrotic Spotted Lesions 1 associates with cell death and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 2006; 62:29-42. [PMID: 16900325 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We isolated a lesion mimic mutant, necrotic spotted lesions 1 (nsl1), from Ds-tagged Arabidopsis thaliana accession No-0. The nsl1 mutant exhibits a growth retardation phenotype and develops spotted necrotic lesions on its rosette and cauline leaves. These phenotypes occur in the absence of pathogens indicating that nsl1 mutants may constitutively express defense responses. Consistent with this idea, nsl1 accumulates high levels of callose and autofluorescent phenolic compounds localized to the necrotic lesions. Furthermore RNA gel blot analysis revealed that genes associated with disease resistance activation are upregulated in the nsl1 mutants and these plants contain elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA). Crossing nsl1 with an SA deficient mutant, eds16-1, revealed that the nsl1 lesions and growth retardation are dependent upon SA. The nsl1 phenotypes are not suppressed under either the rar1-10 or sgt1b-1 genetic background. NSL1 encodes a novel 612aa protein which contains a membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain, which is conserved in bacteria, fungi, mammals and plants. The possible modes of action of NSL1 protein in negative regulation of cell death programs and defense responses are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Plant Molecular Biology, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fujita M, Fujita Y, Noutoshi Y, Takahashi F, Narusaka Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses: a current view from the points of convergence in the stress signaling networks. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2006; 9:436-42. [PMID: 16759898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 955] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, the molecular mechanisms that are involved in each stress has been revealed comparatively independently, and so our understanding of convergence points between biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways remain rudimentary. However, recent studies have revealed several molecules, including transcription factors and kinases, as promising candidates for common players that are involved in crosstalk between stress signaling pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that hormone signaling pathways regulated by abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, as well as ROS signaling pathways, play key roles in the crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Fujita
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 203-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Noutoshi Y, Ichimura K, Shirasu K. [Molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance protein]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2006; 51:408-18. [PMID: 16686343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
|
49
|
Maki S, Ohta Y, Noutoshi Y, Fujie M, Usami S, Yamada T. Mapping of cDNA clones on contig of Chlorella chromosome I. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 90:431-6. [PMID: 16232885 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2000] [Accepted: 07/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones specific to the smallest chromosome (chromosome I) of Chlorella vulgaris C-169 were selected from cDNA libraries with probes of chromosome I DNA fragments amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). A total of 15 clones was obtained, which included gene homologs for alpha-tubulin, inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-1,4-mannase, a TTG-binding protein, a heat shock protein, thioredoxin/protein disulfide isomerase, transcription factor NF-E2, an oxidoreductase, and UDP-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase. These clones were definitely localized at specific sites on the chromosome I physical map constructed on the basis of overlapping cosmid clones (the contig). They were predominantly distributed within the left two-thirds of the chromosome. This contrasts with the distribution of repetitive elements such as short interspersed elements (SINEs), which are rather abundant in the right two-thirds of chromosome I. The comparative simplicity of the gene arrangement of Chlorella chromosome I suggests that it may be able to serve as a prototypic system for deciphering the complexity of huge plant chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Maki
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Noutoshi Y, Ito T, Seki M, Nakashita H, Yoshida S, Marco Y, Shirasu K, Shinozaki K. A single amino acid insertion in the WRKY domain of the Arabidopsis TIR-NBS-LRR-WRKY-type disease resistance protein SLH1 (sensitive to low humidity 1) causes activation of defense responses and hypersensitive cell death. Plant J 2005; 43:873-88. [PMID: 16146526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we characterized the sensitive to low humidity 1 (slh1) mutant of Arabidopsis ecotype No-0 which exhibits normal growth on agar plate medium but which on transfer to soil shows growth arrest and development of necrotic lesions. cDNA microarray hybridization and RNA gel blot analysis revealed that genes associated with activation of disease resistance were upregulated in the slh1 mutants in response to conditions of low humidity. Furthermore, the slh1 mutants accumulate callose, autofluorescent compounds and salicylic acid (SA). We demonstrate that SA is required for the slh1 phenotype but not PAD4 or NPR1. SLH1 was isolated by map-based cloning and it encodes a resistance (R)-like protein consisting of a domain with Toll and interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR), a nucleotide-binding domain (NB), leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and a carboxy-terminal WRKY domain. SLH1 is identical to the R gene RRS1-R of the Arabidopsis ecotype Nd-1, a gene which confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 and also functions as an R gene to this pathogen in No-0. We identified a 3 bp insertion mutation in slh1 that results in the addition of a single amino acid in the WRKY domain; thereby impairing its DNA-binding activity. Our data suggest that SLH1 disease resistance signaling may be negatively regulated by its WRKY domain in the R protein and that the constitutive defense activation conferred by the slh1 mutation is inhibited by conditions of high humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Koyadai 3-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|