1
|
Dziego CA, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky I, Schlesewsky M, Sinha R, Immink MA, Cross ZR. Augmenting complex and dynamic performance through mindfulness-based cognitive training: An evaluation of training adherence, trait mindfulness, personality and resting-state EEG. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292501. [PMID: 38768220 PMCID: PMC11104625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human performance applications of mindfulness-based training have demonstrated its utility in enhancing cognitive functioning. Previous studies have illustrated how these interventions can improve performance on traditional cognitive tests, however, little investigation has explored the extent to which mindfulness-based training can optimise performance in more dynamic and complex contexts. Further, from a neuroscientific perspective, the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance enhancements remain largely undescribed. With this in mind, the following study aimed to investigate how a short-term mindfulness intervention (one week) augments performance on a dynamic and complex task (target motion analyst task; TMA) in young, healthy adults (n = 40, age range = 18-38). Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that increased adherence to the web-based mindfulness-based training regime (ranging from 0-21 sessions) was associated with improved performance in the second testing session of the TMA task, controlling for baseline performance. Analyses of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) metrics demonstrated no change across testing sessions. Investigations of additional individual factors demonstrated that enhancements associated with training adherence remained relatively consistent across varying levels of participants' resting-state EEG metrics, personality measures (i.e., trait mindfulness, neuroticism, conscientiousness), self-reported enjoyment and timing of intervention adherence. Our results thus indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive training leads to performance enhancements in distantly related tasks, irrespective of several individual differences. We also revealed nuances in the magnitude of cognitive enhancements contingent on the timing of adherence, regardless of total volume of training. Overall, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based training could be used in a myriad of settings to elicit transferable performance enhancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A. Dziego
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthias Schlesewsky
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ruchi Sinha
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Maarten A. Immink
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zachariah R. Cross
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rusinova A, Volodina M, Ossadtchi A. Short-term meditation training alters brain activity and sympathetic responses at rest, but not during meditation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11138. [PMID: 38750127 PMCID: PMC11096169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more people are engaging in meditation practices that require specialized training, few studies address the issues associated with nervous activity pattern changes brought about by such training. For beginners, it remains unclear how much practice is needed before objective physiological changes can be detected, whether or not they are similar across the novices and what are the optimal strategies to track these changes. To clarify these questions we recruited individuals with no prior meditation experience. The experimental group underwent an eight-week Taoist meditation course administered by a professional, while the control group listened to audiobooks. Both groups participated in audio-guided, 34-min long meditation sessions before and after the 8-week long intervention. Their EEG, photoplethysmogram, respiration, and skin conductance were recorded during the mediation and resting state periods. Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited band-specific topically organized changes of the resting state brain activity and heart rate variability associated with sympathetic system activation. Importantly, no significant changes were found during the meditation process prior and post the 8-week training in either of the groups. The absence of notable changes in CNS and ANS activity indicators during meditation sessions, for both the experimental and control groups, casts doubt on the effectiveness of wearable biofeedback devices in meditation practice. This finding redirects focus to the importance of monitoring resting state activity to evaluate progress in beginner meditators. Also, 16 h of training is not enough for forming individual objectively different strategies manifested during the meditation sessions. Our results contributed to the development of tools to objectively monitor the progress in novice meditators and the choice of the relevant monitoring strategies. According to our findings, in order to track early changes brought about by the meditation practice it is preferable to monitor brain activity outside the actual meditation sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusinova
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Maria Volodina
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
- Laboratory of Medical Neurointerfaces and Artificial Intellect, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 117513.
| | - Alexei Ossadtchi
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, AIRI, Moscow, Russia
- LLC "Life Improvement by Future Technologies Center", Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hsiung Y, Chen YH, Lin LC, Wang YH. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Elder Care (MBEC) on symptoms of depression and anxiety and spiritual well-being of institutionalized seniors with disabilities: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:497. [PMID: 37596549 PMCID: PMC10439662 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the need to incorporate seniors from various settings into mindfulness-based empirical research, issues of geriatric frailties and non-compliance remain. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based elder care (MBEC) program on mental health and spiritual well-being among seniors with disabilities in long-term care residential settings. METHODS This single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) randomly assigned seventy-seven participants into an MBEC group or control group of an eight-week MBEC program. Participants were assessed every four weeks at baseline (T0), mid-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2) and follow-up (T3) using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), respectively. RESULTS Linear mixed model (LMM) showed that MBEC participants' mental health improved significantly after completing the intervention; compared with controls, the MBEC group exhibited significantly lower anxiety (state-anxiety at T2; trait-anxiety at T2 and T3) and fewer depressive symptoms. Spiritual well-being was also significantly enhanced compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS MBEC has positive effects on both mental health and spiritual well-being outcomes among seniors with disabilities. In long-term care facilities, seniors with abilities have the potential to adhere to and engage in activities of a mindfulness-based intervention. This low risk, easily accessible, and effective 8-week program is recommended to be integrated into regular long-term care institutional routines. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with Clinical Trial Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov - U.S. National Library of Medicine #NCT05123261. Retrospectively registered on 07/04/2021.). The CONSORT 2010 guidelines were used in this study for properly reporting how the randomized trial was conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hsiung
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Chen
- Department of Nursing and Institute of Geriatric Welfare Technology and Science, Mackay Medical College, 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Senior Welfare Group of Social and Family Affairs Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu H, Liang T, Xin Z, Lu Z, Li Q, Hong H. Impact of Long-Term Shaolin Zen Meditation on Emotional Processing in Aging: A Visual ERP Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:513. [PMID: 37366765 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is always accompanied by a decline in cognitive and emotional functions. Although previous studies have identified the positive effects of different meditative practices on emotional and cognitive functions, few studies have investigated the most primitive Chinese meditation-Shaolin Zen meditation. In particular, data are extremely limited regarding the brain mechanism of the effects of Shaolin Zen meditation on cognitive and emotional functions during aging. The current study aimed to explore the effects of long-term Shaolin Zen meditation practice on event-related potentials (ERPs) during facial emotion recognition in aging. ERPs were recorded from 16 monks with long-term meditation experience and 20 controls without meditation experience. The significant age-related degenerative changes in the early ERP components did not present in the meditators but only in the controls without meditation experience. Additionally, we found no group differences in the late P3 component. These findings suggest that long-term Shaolin Zen meditation practice can counteract the age-related cognitive decline in the "down-top" automatic processing of emotional stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Gu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xin
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zilu Lu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Zhongyuan Wushu Research Institute, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mima D, Wang LP, Zhai Y, De Q, Ba S, Da G, Wang BY, Zhao JB, Tang Y. Prevalence and risk factors for dementia in the Tibetan region: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:159-165. [PMID: 37094660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As China's population ages, the nationwide prevalence of dementia is increasing. However, the epidemiology of dementia among the Tibetan population remains unclear. OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 9116 participants aged >50 years in the Tibetan population to investigate the risk factors and prevalence of dementia among this population. Permanent residents of the region were invited to participate, and the response rate was 90.7 %. METHODS The participants underwent neuropsychological testing and clinical assessments, from which physical measurements (e.g., body mass index, blood pressure), demographic information (e.g., gender, age), and lifestyle details (e.g., family living arrangement, smoking, alcohol arrangement) were recorded. Dementia diagnoses were made using the standard consensus diagnostic criteria. The risk factors of dementia were identified using stepwise multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 63.71 (standard deviation = 9.36), and there were 44.86 % males. The prevalence of dementia was 4.66 %. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, unmarried status, lower education level, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, and HAPC were independently and positively associated with dementia (P < 0.05). However, no association was found between the frequency of religious activities and the prevalence of dementia in this population (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There exist a number of contributory risk factors for dementia in the Tibetan population, with variations associated with high altitude, religious activities (i.e., scripture turning, chanting, spinning Buddhist beads, and bowing), and dietary habits. These findings suggest that social activities, such as religious activities, are protective factors for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunzhu Mima
- Department of Neurology of People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850001, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 10091, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Qing De
- People's Hospital of Qushui County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850600, PR China
| | - Song Ba
- People's Hospital of Dagze County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850100, PR China
| | - Ga Da
- People's Hospital of Linzhou County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 851600, PR China
| | - Bin-You Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang T, Lee S, Lee T, Yun S, Kim Y, Yang H. Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of Panax ginseng on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:640. [PMID: 36771724 PMCID: PMC9920294 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a traditional herbal supplement known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. A smart farm system could provide potential standardization of ginseng seedlings after investigating plant metabolic responses to various parameters in order to design optimal conditions. This research was performed to investigate the effect of smart-farmed ginseng on memory improvement in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit mouse model and an LPS-induced microglial cell model. A smart farming system was applied to culture ginseng. The administration of its extract (S2 extract) under specific culture conditions significantly attenuated cognitive and spatial memory deficits by regulating AKT/ERK/CREB signaling, as well as the cortical inflammation associated with suppression of COX-2 and NLRP3 induced by scopolamine. In addition, S2 extract improved the activation of iNOS and COX-2, and the secretion of NO in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. Based on the HPLC fingerprint and in vitro data, ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd were found to be the main contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of the S2 extract. Our findings suggest that integrating a smart farm system may enhance the metabolic productivity of ginseng and provides evidence of its potential impact on natural bioactive compounds of medicinal plants with beneficial qualities, such as ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Huang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Teamin Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Yun
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Gyeonggi Technopark, 705, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongduk Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Gyeonggi Technopark, 705, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karamacoska D, Tan T, Mathersul DC, Sabag A, de Manincor M, Chang D, Steiner-Lim GZ. A systematic review of the health effects of yoga for people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:37. [PMID: 36670348 PMCID: PMC9862505 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga is a mind-body practice that can elicit robust health and wellbeing effects for older adults. As a result, there is increased public and academic interest into the potential benefits of yoga for older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS Literature searches in five databases (CENTRAL, PubMed and EBSCOHost indexing CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection) were conducted from the databases' date of inception through to 4 September 2020 to identify pre-post single and multigroup studies of yoga-based interventions involving people with MCI or dementia. Effects on cognitive, mental, and physical health were evaluated, as was safety and study quality. RESULTS Database searches identified 1431 articles. Of these, 10 unique studies met inclusion criteria (total 421 participants). Four studies each implemented Kundalini yoga and chair yoga, while two employed Hatha yoga. Most programs ran for 12 weeks (n = 5) and compared yoga to a control group (n = 5). Most studies reported improved cognition, mood, and balance. However, these effects were marred by the high risk of bias identified in all articles. Four studies assessed safety, with one instance of dizziness reported. CONCLUSIONS In this emerging field, these studies show that yoga may be safe and beneficial for the wellbeing of people with MCI or dementia. More high quality randomised controlled trials are needed to improve the evidence-base and overcome the limitations of existing studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Tan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Danielle C Mathersul
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Michael de Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
MacAulay RK, Halpin A, Andrews HE, Boeve A. Trait mindfulness associations with executive function and well-being in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2399-2406. [PMID: 34766526 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study investigated trait mindfulness associations with distinct aspects of executive function. We also aimed to characterize relationships between trait mindfulness with measures of psychological risk and resilience within adults aged 55-87 years. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, 121 adults completed neuropsychological measures of working memory, mental set-shifting, and inhibition, as well as a battery of well-validated psychological self-report measures. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) measured trait mindfulness. RESULTS Trait mindfulness was associated with greater age, years of education and self-efficacy, and less perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and subjective cognitive concerns. Hierarchal multiple regression analyses showed that trait mindfulness was a significant predictor of inhibitory control, even after adjusting for age, education, and global cognition in the model. Trait mindfulness was not significantly associated with working memory or mental set-shifting. Follow-up analyses using the PROCESS macro revealed that trait mindfulness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and inhibitory control. CONCLUSION Trait mindfulness was associated with measures of greater well-being and mental health. Our results also indicate that trait mindfulness may provide psychological resilience by attenuating perceived stress and enhancing the capacity to intentionally suppress irrelevant information and automatic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Halpin
- The Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | | | - Angelica Boeve
- The Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farhang M, Rojas G, Martínez P, Behrens MI, Langer ÁI, Diaz M, Miranda-Castillo C. The Impact of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention versus Psycho-Educational Session for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15374. [PMID: 36430097 PMCID: PMC9690706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a global agreement in the medical community that a significant proportion of dementia cases could be prevented or postponed. One of the factors behind this agreement comes from scientific evidence showing that mind-body interventions such as mindfulness and yoga for the elderly have been related to a range of positive outcomes, including improved cognition performance in seniors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention (YBM) versus psychoeducational sessions for older adults with MCI attending Hospital Clinic Universidad de Chile in Santiago. METHOD Two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out at Clinical Hospital Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Older people over 60 years with any type of MCI using a score < 21 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and a score of 0.05 in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale; and with preserved activities of daily living will be randomly assigned with an allocation ratio of 1:1 in either the yoga-based mindfulness intervention or the active control group based on the psycho-educational program. People who have performed yoga and/or mindfulness in the last 6 months or/and people with a psychiatric clinical diagnosis will be excluded from the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Barthel Index (BI), the Pemberton happiness index, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) as well as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) will be administered by blinded outcomes assessors before random assignment (Pre-test), the week following the last session of the intervention (post-test), and then after 3- and 6-months follow-up. RESULTS The YBM intervention protocol based on a video recording has been adapted and designed. This is the first RCT to examine the effects of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive and physical functions and mental health outcomes for Chilean elderly diagnosed with MCI. It is expected to be implemented as an acceptable and effective non-pharmacological option for older people with MCI. CONCLUSION Providing evidence-based programs such as preventive therapy for Alzheimer's disease has relevant implications for public mental health services in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farhang
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago 8370134, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago 8380455, Chile
| | - Graciela Rojas
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago 8380455, Chile
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 150, Place Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, QC J4K A08, Canada
| | - Maria Isabel Behrens
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800284, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7800284, Chile
| | - Álvaro I. Langer
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago 8380455, Chile
- Mind-Body Lab, Institute of Psychological Studies, Austral University, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Marcela Diaz
- Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800284, Chile
| | - Claudia Miranda-Castillo
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago 8370134, Chile
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chételat G, Lutz A, Klimecki O, Frison E, Asselineau J, Schlosser M, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Mézenge F, Kuhn E, Moulinet I, Touron E, Dautricourt S, André C, Palix C, Ourry V, Felisatti F, Gonneaud J, Landeau B, Rauchs G, Chocat A, Quillard A, Devouge EF, Vuilleumier P, de La Sayette V, Vivien D, Collette F, Poisnel G, Marchant NL. Effect of an 18-Month Meditation Training on Regional Brain Volume and Perfusion in Older Adults: The Age-Well Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1165-1174. [PMID: 36215061 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance No lifestyle-based randomized clinical trial directly targets psychoaffective risk factors of dementia. Meditation practices recently emerged as a promising mental training exercise to foster brain health and reduce dementia risk. Objective To investigate the effects of meditation training on brain integrity in older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants Age-Well was a randomized, controlled superiority trial with blinded end point assessment. Community-dwelling cognitively unimpaired adults 65 years and older were enrolled between November 24, 2016, and March 5, 2018, in France. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to (1) an 18-month meditation-based training, (2) a structurally matched non-native language (English) training, or (3) no intervention arm. Analysis took place between December 2020 and October 2021. Interventions Meditation and non-native language training included 2-hour weekly group sessions, practice of 20 minutes or longer daily at home, and 1-day intensive practices. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included volume and perfusion of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Main secondary outcomes included a global composite score capturing metacognitive, prosocial, and self-regulatory capacities and constituent subscores. Results Among 137 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.4 [3.8] years; 83 [60.6%] female; 54 [39.4%] male) assigned to the meditation (n = 45), non-native language training (n = 46), or no intervention (n = 46) groups, all but 1 completed the trial. There were no differences in volume changes of ACC (0.01 [98.75% CI, -0.02 to 0.05]; P = .36) or insula (0.01 [98.75% CI, -0.02 to 0.03]; P = .58) between meditation and no intervention or non-native language training groups, respectively. Differences in perfusion changes did not reach statistical significance for meditation compared with no intervention in ACC (0.02 [98.75% CI, -0.01 to 0.05]; P = .06) or compared with non-native language training in insula (0.02 [98.75% CI, -0.01 to 0.05]; P = .09). Meditation was superior to non-native language training on 18-month changes in a global composite score capturing attention regulation, socioemotional, and self-knowledge capacities (Cohen d, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.19-0.85]; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance The study findings confirm the feasibility of meditation and non-native language training in elderly individuals, with high adherence and very low attrition. Findings also show positive behavioral effects of meditation that were not reflected on volume, and not significantly on perfusion, of target brain areas. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Olga Klimecki
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Frison
- EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, INSERM, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Asselineau
- EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, INSERM, CHU Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, CIC1401-EC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Schlosser
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Fundación Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florence Mézenge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Inès Moulinet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Edelweiss Touron
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Claire André
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Cassandre Palix
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Valentin Ourry
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Francesca Felisatti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Anne Chocat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Anne Quillard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Eglantine Ferrand Devouge
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Department of General Practice, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, CIC-CRB 1404, F 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France.,CHU Caen-Normandie, Department of Clinical Research, Caen, France
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-CRC, In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège and Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muhammad T, Debnath P, Srivastava S, Sekher TV. Childhood deprivations predict late-life cognitive impairment among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12786. [PMID: 35896620 PMCID: PMC9329336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large population-based studies on the associations of childhood factors with late-life cognition are lacking in many low and middle income countries including India. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment and examined the associations of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health conditions with cognitive impairment among older adults in India. Data for this study were derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted in 2017–18. The effective sample size was 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above. Cognitive functioning was measured through five global domains (memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming). The overall score ranged between 0 and 43, and the score was reversed indicating cognitive impairment. Descriptive statistics along with mean scores of cognitive impairment were presented. Additionally, moderated multivariable linear regression models were employed to examine the association between explanatory variables, including childhood SES and health conditions and late-life cognitive impairment. The mean score of cognitive functioning among the study participants was 21.72 (CI 2.64–21.80). About 15% of older adults had poor health conditions, and 44% had lower financial status during their childhood. Older adults who had a fair health during their childhood were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment in comparison to older adults who had good health during their childhood (Coef: 0.60; CI 0.39, 0.81). In comparison to older adults who had good childhood financial status, those who had poor childhood financial status were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment (Coef: 0.81; CI 0.56, 1.07). Older adults who had fair childhood health status and poor childhood financial status were more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment in comparison to older adults who had good childhood health and good financial status (Coef: 1.26; CI 0.86, 1.66). Social policies such as improving educational and financial resources in disadvantaged communities and socioeconomically poor children and their families, would help to enhance a better cognitive ageing and a healthy and dignified life in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| | - Paramita Debnath
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - T V Sekher
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kundalini Yoga for Post-Treatment Lyme Disease: A Preliminary Randomized Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071314. [PMID: 35885840 PMCID: PMC9315934 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the adherence to and the potential benefit of Kundalini yoga (KY) for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Participants were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of a KY small-group intervention or a waitlist control (WLC). Adherence was measured as attendance at KY group sessions. Primary outcomes assessed pain, pain interference, fatigue, and global health. Secondary outcomes assessed multisystem symptom burden, mood, sleep, physical and social functioning, cognition, and mindfulness. Linear mixed models were used to test changes in outcomes over time as a function of group assignment; intercepts for participants were modeled as random effects. Although the target sample size was 40 participants, the study concluded with 29 participants due to recruitment challenges. No KY participants dropped out of the study, and participants attended 75% of group sessions on average, but WLC retention was poor (57%). Regarding primary outcomes, there was no significant interaction between group and time. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was a significant interaction between group and time for multisystem symptom burden (p < 0.05) and cognition (p < 0.01); KY participants reported improved multisystem symptom burden and cognition over the course of the study compared to WLC participants. To enhance recruitment and retention, future trials may consider expanding geographic access and including supportive procedures for WLC participants. This preliminary study supports the need for a larger study to determine if KY reduces multisystem symptom burden and enhances cognition among people with PTLDS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tai Chi versus conventional exercise for improving cognitive function in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8868. [PMID: 35614144 PMCID: PMC9131984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that Tai Chi and conventional exercise can modify the brain through distinct mechanisms, resulting in different brain adaptations. Therefore, it is conceivable to speculate that these two exercise modalities may have different effects on improving cognitive function. This study was a parallel group, assessor-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of Tai Chi and conventional exercise on improving cognitive function in older persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 34 adults aged ≥ 50 years with MCI were randomized (1:1:1) to the Tai Chi group (TC, n = 10, 3 sessions of 60-min Yang-style Tai Chi training per week for 24 weeks), conventional exercise group (EX: n = 12, 3 sessions of 60-min fitness training per week for 24 weeks), or control group (CON: n = 12, no intervention). Global cognitive function assessed by the Hong Kong version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-HK) and performance in various cognitive domains were examined at baseline, and 12 and 24 weeks of the intervention. Both exercise groups showed improved global cognitive function as measured by MoCA-HK compared with the control group after 12 and 24 weeks of the intervention, (all P < 0.001). Only TC achieved clinically relevant improvement on global cognitive function at week 12. Both exercise groups achieved clinically relevant improvements at the end of the interventions at week 24. Compared with EX, TC exhibited greater improvements on global cognitive function indicated by MoCA-HK after 12 weeks of the intervention (P < 0.001) and cognitive flexibility indicated by part B/A ratio score of the Trail Making Test throughout the study (all P < 0.05). Both interventions were equally effective in improving the other examined cognitive domains. Further studies are needed to substantiate the superior long-term benefits of Tai Chi on global cognitive function compared with conventional exercise, and dissect the underlying mechanisms of the two exercises on improving cognitive domains and the corresponding brain adaptations. Trial registration: This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Trial registration number: NCT04248400; first registration date: 30/01/2020).
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Y, Chen T, Wang C, Zhang J, Yuan X, Zhong X, Yan S, Jiang C. Determining Whether Tai Chi Chuan Is Related to the Updating Function in Older Adults: Differences Between Practitioners and Controls. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797351. [PMID: 35592079 PMCID: PMC9110777 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an effective method for delaying cognitive decline in older adults. However, in older adults, the association between long-term TCC practice and working memory updating has not been extensively studied. Objective This cross-sectional study investigated how updating function operationalized via Reaction Times (RTs) and Accuracy Rates (ARs) of N-Back tasks being measured in a laboratory setting is related to long term practice of TCC. Methods Twenty-six healthy elderly people participated in this experiment. According to the duration of time TCC was practiced, 13 subjects in the TCC group had more than 5 years of experience with TCC exercise, and 13 elderly subjects who had not been systematically exposed to mind-body exercise were assigned to the control group. The N-back task was administered to every participant to evaluate the updating function. Results The TCC group had faster RTs than the control group (p < 0.05). For the 1-back task, the TCC group showed faster RTs than the control group; for the 2-back task, the TCC group exhibited faster RTs than the control group. The TCC group had higher ARs than the control group (p < 0.05). For the 1-back task, the TCC group showed higher ARs than the control group; for the 2-back task, the TCC group exhibited higher ARs than the control group. Conclusions Long-term TCC practitioners exhibit a better updating function as compared to controls who did not practice TCC. Thus, our findings suggest that long-term TCC positively influences the updating function of older adults, making it, in turn, an effective mind-body exercise to maintain specific aspects of cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Education, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yuan
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhong
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shoufu Yan
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.,School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gardner HD, Strong JV, Mast BT. The Effects of Perceived Enjoyment of Activities on Cognition in Late-Life. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:733-745. [PMID: 32223532 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1742831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The current cross-sectional study examines the relationship between both frequency and perceived enjoyment of leisure activities and cognitive scores.Methods: We collected self-reported frequency and perceived pleasure of leisure activities from 58 healthy, community-dwelling older adults and administered a battery of cognitive tests, assessing all major domains (i.e., verbal memory, executive functioning, attention, language, and visuospatial ability).Results: Perceived pleasantness or enjoyment of Socializing and Being Effective predicted higher scores on tests of attention, processing speed, and language. Frequency of activity participation in Being Effective and Doing subscales predicted lower scores on executive functioning tasks.Conclusions: The results imply that frequency and perceived enjoyment of some activities are related to cognition in later life.Clinical Implications: Although the frequency of activities is often measured and subsequently used to address mental health and cognitive concerns in late-life (e.g., Behavioral Activation), we discuss the importance for clinicians to formally assess for enjoyment of these activities as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah D Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica V Strong
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin T Mast
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Swathi PS, Bhat R, Saoji AA. Effect of Trataka (Yogic Visual Concentration) on the Performance in the Corsi-Block Tapping Task: A Repeated Measures Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:773049. [PMID: 34975664 PMCID: PMC8718544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.773049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Attention and memory are essential aspects of cognitive health. Yogasanas, pranayama, and meditation have shown to improve cognitive functions. There has been no assessment of Trataka (yogic visual concentration) on working or on spatial memory. The present study was planned to assess the immediate effects of Trataka and of eye exercise sessions on the Corsi-block tapping task (CBTT). Methods: A total of 41 healthy volunteers of both genders with age 23.21 ± 2.81 years were recruited. All participants underwent baseline assessment, followed by 2 weeks of training in Trataka (including eye exercise). Each training session lasted for 20 min/day for 6 days a week. After completion of the training period, a 1-week washout period was given. Each participant then was assessed in two sessions in Trataka and in eye exercise on two separate days, maintaining the same time of the day. Repeated measure analysis of variance with Holm's adjustment was performed to check the difference between the sessions. Results: Significant within-subjects effects were observed for forward Corsi span andforward total score (p < 0.001), and also for backward Corsi span (p < 0.05) and backward total score (p < 0.05). Post hoc analyses revealed Trataka session to be better than eye exercises and baseline. The eye exercise session did not show any significant changes in the CBTT. Conclusion: The result suggests that Trataka session improves working memory, spatial memory, and spatial attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akram A, Nicosia F, Lee J, Lee M, Martin L, Martinez S, Ordoñez C, Woo M, Barnes DE. Implementation of an integrative movement program for residents with dementia in a VA nursing home. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:607. [PMID: 34706658 PMCID: PMC8549425 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) is an integrative group movement program developed for adults with mild-to-moderate dementia attending day programs. However, many older adults with dementia ultimately require assistance with their activities of daily living and become residents in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities with their complex comorbidities and unique needs. We conducted a post-implementation evaluation of PLIÉ at a San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing home to assess reach and effectiveness among residents, staff, and family members who participated in ≥ 1 PLIÉ class from 9/2018 to 6/2019. METHODS Post-implementation number of classes offered and mean attendance; anonymous satisfaction surveys (5-point Likert scales); qualitative content analysis of open-ended survey responses and clinical progress notes. RESULTS Forty-five PLIÉ classes were offered over 9 months. Residents attended an average of 13 ± 12 classes with an average class size of 14 residents, 4 staff members, and 2 family members. Most survey respondents rated the program overall as "very good" or "excellent" (100 % residents, n = 15; 87 % staff, n = 14; 100 % family members, n = 8). Respondents reported improvements in themselves and/or others in four domains: (1) physical, (2) psychological, (3) social, and (4) cognitive. Physical improvements among veterans included mobility, strength, and energy. Psychological improvements included feelings of happiness/well-being, enjoyment, and self-empowerment. Social improvements included connection, social skills, and social support. Cognitive improvements included engagement, communication ability, and focus/attention. Responses were similar among resident, staff, and family member surveys and clinical progress notes. Participants frequently reported improvements in multiple domains (e.g., "The veterans are more alert and engaged, many are smiling and laughing."). Negative comments were primarily related to logistics, suggesting that the class occur more frequently. CONCLUSIONS PLIÉ was successfully implemented in a VA nursing home with high attendance and satisfaction among residents, staff, and family members. Participants reported clinically meaningful physical, psychological, social, and cognitive benefits. Other long-term care facilities could potentially benefit from implementing PLIÉ to increase quality of life in residents with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alirameen Akram
- CA Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- , 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, United States, CA.
| | - Francesca Nicosia
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Together Senior Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Martin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Martinez
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cherry Ordoñez
- Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michele Woo
- Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah E Barnes
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- , 4150 Clement Street, 151R, CA, 94121, San Francisco, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kurth F, Zsadanyi SE, Luders E. Reduced age-related gray matter loss in the subgenual cingulate cortex in long-term meditators. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2824-2832. [PMID: 34686969 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that meditation practices have positive effects on brain ageing overall. The cingulate is known to be recruited during meditation, but research into possible effects of meditation on the ageing of the cingulate is currently missing. Thus, the present study was designed to help close this knowledge gap, with particular focus on the subgenual cingulate, a region involved in emotional regulation and autonomic and endocrine functions, making it potentially relevant for meditation. Here, we investigated differences in age-related gray matter loss between 50 long-term meditation practitioners (28 male, 22 female), aged between 24 and 77, and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. Areas of interest were four subregions of the subgenual cingulate gyrus (areas 25, 33, s24, and s32) defined as per the Julich-Brain atlas. Our study revealed a significant age-related decline in all subregions in both meditators and controls, but with significantly lower rates of annual tissue loss in meditators, specifically in left and right area s32 and right area 25. These regions have been shown to play a role in mood regulation, autonomic processing, and the integration of emotion and cognitive processes, which are all involved in and impacted by meditation. Overall, the results add further evidence to the emerging notion that meditation may slow the effects of ageing on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Sára E Zsadanyi
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brioschi Guevara A, Bieler M, Altomare D, Berthier M, Csajka C, Dautricourt S, Démonet JF, Dodich A, Frisoni GB, Miniussi C, Molinuevo JL, Ribaldi F, Scheltens P, Chételat G. Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 5 of 6. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:172. [PMID: 34635149 PMCID: PMC8507160 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs ("smart drugs", acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brioschi Guevara
- Centre Leenaards de la Mémoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Melanie Bieler
- Centre Leenaards de la Mémoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Berthier
- Unit of Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga - IBIMA, Malaga, Spain
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Center for Research and Innovation in clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Démonet
- Centre Leenaards de la Mémoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gael Chételat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Innis AD, Tolea MI, Galvin JE. The Effect of Baseline Patient and Caregiver Mindfulness on Dementia Outcomes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1345-1367. [PMID: 33427746 PMCID: PMC8324319 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness is the practice of awareness and living in the present moment without judgment. Mindfulness-based interventions may improve dementia-related outcomes. Before initiating interventions, it would be beneficial to measure baseline mindfulness to understand targets for therapy and its influence on dementia outcomes. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined patient and caregiver mindfulness with patient and caregiver rating scales and patient cognitive performance and determined whether dyadic pairing of mindfulness influences patient outcomes. METHODS Individuals (N = 291) underwent comprehensive evaluations, with baseline mindfulness assessed using the 15-item Applied Mindfulness Process Scale (AMPS). Correlation, regression, and mediation models tested relationships between patient and caregiver mindfulness and outcomes. RESULTS Patients had a mean AMPS score of 38.0±11.9 and caregivers had a mean AMPS score of 38.9±11.5. Patient mindfulness correlated with activities of daily living, behavior and mood, health-related quality of life, subjective cognitive complaints, and performance on episodic memory and attention tasks. Caregiver mindfulness correlated with preparedness, care confidence, depression, and better patient cognitive performance. Patients in dyads with higher mindfulness had better cognitive performance, less subjective complaints, and higher health-related quality of life (all p-values<0.001). Mindfulness effects on cognition were mediated by physical activity, social engagement, frailty, and vascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Higher baseline mindfulness was associated with better patient and caregiver outcomes, particularly when both patients and caregivers had high baseline mindfulness. Understanding the baseline influence of mindfulness on the completion of rating scales and neuropsychological test performance can help develop targeted interventions to improve well-being in patients and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Innis
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Magdalena I. Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James E. Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:871-920. [PMID: 33935078 PMCID: PMC8293659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hernández SE, Dorta R, Suero J, Barros-Loscertales A, González-Mora JL, Rubia K. Larger whole brain grey matter associated with long-term Sahaja Yoga Meditation: A detailed area by area comparison. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237552. [PMID: 33370272 PMCID: PMC7769288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our previous study showed that long-term practitioners of Sahaja Yoga Meditation (SYM) had around 7% larger grey matter volume (GMV) in the whole brain compared with healthy controls; however, when testing individual regions, only 5 small brain areas were statistically different between groups. Under the hypothesis that those results were statistically conservative, with the same dataset, we investigated in more detail the regional differences in GMV associated with the practice of SYM, with a different statistical approach. Design Twenty-three experienced practitioners of SYM and 23 healthy non-meditators matched on age, sex and education level, were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their GMV were extracted and compared using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). Using a novel ad-hoc general linear model, statistical comparisons were made to observe if the GMV differences between meditators and controls were statistically significant. Results In the 16 lobe area subdivisions, GMV was statistically significantly different in 4 out of 16 areas: in right hemispheric temporal and frontal lobes, left frontal lobe and brainstem. In the 116 AAL area subdivisions, GMV difference was statistically significant in 11 areas. The GMV differences were statistically more significant in right hemispheric brain areas. Conclusions The study shows that long-term practice of SYM is associated with larger GMV overall, and with significant differences mainly in temporal and frontal areas of the right hemisphere and the brainstem. These neuroplastic changes may reflect emotional and attentional control mechanisms developed with SYM. On the other hand, our statistical ad-hoc method shows that there were more brain areas with statistical significance compared to the traditional methodology which we think is susceptible to conservative Type II errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Dorta
- Department of Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Suero
- Centro de Salud Jazmín, Sermas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Katya Rubia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mehling WE, Scott TM, Duffy J, Whitmer RA, Chesney MA, Boscardin WJ, Barnes DE. Dyadic Group Exercises for Persons with Memory Deficits and Care Partners: Mixed-Method Findings from the Paired Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) Randomized Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1689-1706. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-pharmacological therapies for persons with dementia (PWD) are needed. Objective: To develop and test the Paired Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) program, an integrative group movement program for PWD and care partners (CPs). Methods: Participants were randomized to immediate or delayed start to Paired PLIÉ in community-based classes (1 hour, 2 days/week, 12 weeks, 3 home visits). Co-primary outcomes included standard measures of cognition, physical function,and quality of life (PWD) and caregiver burden (CPs) assessed by blinded assessors, analyzed using linear mixed models to calculate effect sizes for outcome changes during Paired PLIÉ, controlling for randomization group. Anonymous satisfaction surveys included satisfaction ratings and thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Results: Thirty dyads enrolled, 24 (80%) completed. PWD (mean age 80; 55% female) experienced significant improvement in self-rated quality of life (Effect Size+0.23; p = 0.016) when participating in Paired PLIÉ, while CPs experienced a non-significant increase in burden (–0.23, p = 0.079). Changes in physical and cognitive function in PWD were not significant. All CPs returning the satisfaction survey (n = 20) reported being moderately-to-highly satisfied with the program. Thematic analyses identified physical (e.g., sit-to-stand, more energy), emotional (enjoyment), and social benefits (peer-to-peer interaction) for PWD and CPs; challenges were primarily related to getting to the in-person classes. Conclusion: Paired PLIÉ is a promising integrative group movement program that warrants further study. It is feasible and may improve self-rated quality of life in PWD. Although CPs may experience increased burden due to logistical challenges, most reported high satisfaction and physical, emotional, and social benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf E. Mehling
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Travis M. Scott
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, & Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Duffy
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A. Chesney
- University of California San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W. John Boscardin
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah E. Barnes
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marciniak R, Šumec R, Vyhnálek M, Bendíčková K, Lázničková P, Forte G, Jeleník A, Římalová V, Frič J, Hort J, Sheardová K. The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Depression, Cognition, and Immunity in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1365-1381. [PMID: 32848377 PMCID: PMC7429186 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s249196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based programs have shown a promising effect on several health factors associated with increased risk of dementia and the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia such as depression, stress, cognitive decline, immune system and brain structural and functional changes. Studies on mindfulness in MCI subjects are sparse and frequently lack control intervention groups. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) practice on depression, cognition and immunity in MCI compared to cognitive training. METHODS Twenty-eight MCI subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. MBSR group underwent 8-week MBSR program. Control group underwent 8-week cognitive training. Their cognitive and immunological profiles and level of depressive symptoms were examined at baseline, after each 8-week intervention (visit 2, V2) and six months after each intervention (visit 3, V3). MBSR participants completed feasibility questionnaire at V2. RESULTS Twenty MCI patients completed the study (MBSR group n=12, control group n=8). MBSR group showed significant reduction in depressive symptoms at both V2 (p=0.03) and V3 (p=0.0461) compared to the baseline. There was a minimal effect on cognition - a group comparison analysis showed better psychomotor speed in the MBSR group compared to the control group at V2 (p=0.0493) but not at V3. There was a detectable change in immunological profiles in both groups, more pronounced in the MBSR group. Participants checked only positive/neutral answers concerning the attractivity/length of MBSR intervention. More severe cognitive decline (PVLT≤36) was associated with the lower adherence to home practice. CONCLUSION MBSR is well-accepted potentially promising intervention with positive effect on cognition, depressive symptoms and immunological profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Marciniak
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Šumec
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vyhnálek
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Bendíčková
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lázničková
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Jeleník
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Římalová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- Center of Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Sheardová
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hoffman L, Hutt R, Yi Tsui CK, Zorokong K, Marfeo E. Meditation-Based Interventions for Adults With Dementia: A Scoping Review. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7403205010p1-7403205010p14. [PMID: 32365307 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.037820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE With the high prevalence and cost of dementia care worldwide, a need exists to develop cost-effective and evidence-based treatment for people with dementia. Meditation, which has been demonstrated to have positive effects on brain health, may be a viable intervention option. OBJECTIVE To investigate how meditation-based interventions affect health and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes for adults with dementia. DATA SOURCES Articles were located by using the keywords meditation, mindfulness, mind-body, dementia, and Alzheimer's to search the following electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, and JumboSearch at Tufts University. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION Using Arksey and O'Malley's methodology, a scoping review was conducted to examine scientific and gray literature published between 1997 and 2018. Data were abstracted and assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Only articles that included a meditation-based intervention and at least 1 participant with dementia were included. FINDINGS Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria. The four main outcomes that emerged from the literature were improvement in QOL, mental health, cognition, and functional abilities after participation in a meditation-based intervention. The outcome with the strongest support was the effectiveness of meditation-based interventions in maintaining cognitive function in people living with dementia. Significant gaps in the research were identified, including weak research design, inconsistency in measurement of outcomes, small sample sizes, and a lack of standardized meditation protocols for people with dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that incorporating meditation into interventions for clients with dementia can have beneficial results. Opportunities exist for occupational therapy practitioners to advocate for the continuation of research in this field. Notable gaps in the literature highlight the need for randomized controlled trials and the development of standardized meditation protocols for people with dementia. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS Meditation-based interventions for people with dementia are associated with improved quality of life and cognition and may be viable treatment options for occupational therapists to implement in their practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Hoffman
- Lindsey Hoffman, MSOT, OTR/L, is Alumna, Boston School of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA;
| | - Rebecca Hutt
- Rebecca Hutt, MSOT, OTR, is Alumna, Boston School of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Celine Kin Yi Tsui
- Celine Kin Yi Tsui, OT/s, is Student, Boston School of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Kim Zorokong
- Kimberly Zorokong, OT/s, is Student, Boston School of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Elizabeth Marfeo
- Elizabeth Marfeo, PhD, MPH, OT, is Assistant Professor, Boston School of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Boxtel MPJ, Berk L, E de Vugt M, van Warmenhoven F. Mindfulness-based interventions for people with dementia and their caregivers: keeping a dyadic balance. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:697-699. [PMID: 30938168 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1582004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P J van Boxtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Berk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Franca van Warmenhoven
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barcelona J, Fahlman M, Churakova Y, Canjels R, Mallare J, van den Heuvel MI. Frontal alpha asymmetry during prayerful and resting states: An EEG study in Catholic sisters. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:9-15. [PMID: 32353401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Life expectancy in the US is 78.6 years, and although people are living longer, they are also living with chronic diseases. As women age, they are more susceptible to chronic disease including mental health conditions and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) dementia. Therefore, practical and cost effective ways to prevent the onset of cognitive, mental and physical ailments and increase the quality of life among aging populations is timely and warranted. The purpose of this study in aging adult women was to explore if prayer is associated with electrical brain activity patterns consistent with meditation and therefore a likely pro-health behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 33 healthy women (Mage = 80.1, SD = 8.3) were recruited from a Midwestern Catholic Sisters community. Participants completed 6 consecutive, counterbalanced electroencephalogram (EEG) sessions: three resting sessions and three praying sessions equating to 18 min of recorded EEG data for each participant. Differences in alpha power and frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) between praying and resting conditions and the influence of age on the association between inter-individual differences in alpha power were explored. RESULTS Results indicated significant higher alpha power detected in electrodes positioned in the occipital area for praying sessions compared to resting sessions. Additionally, we found significant positive correlations between FAA values and age of the participants for both conditions (rest: r = 0.436, p = 0.016; pray: r = 0.434, p = 0.017), indicating more approach-related brain activity in older participants. CONCLUSIONS Taken collectively, our results suggest that prayerful meditation increased alpha power and that positive and approach-related (left frontal-central) brain activity increased as Sisters aged. Future studies should explore the mediating role of age as it relates to meditation and cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Barcelona
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Mariane Fahlman
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yulia Churakova
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robin Canjels
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - James Mallare
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anand A, Kaur G, Bammidi S, Mathur D, Battu P, Sharma K, Tyagi R, Pannu V, Bhanushali D, Limaye N. Primer for Mainstreaming Mind-Body Techniques for Extreme Climates-Insights and Future Directions. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E12. [PMID: 32155939 PMCID: PMC7151557 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: The deprivation of oxygen reaching the tissues (also termed as hypoxia) affects the normal functioning of the body. This results in development of many diseases like ischemia, glaucoma, MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), pulmonary and cerebral edema, stress and depression. There are no effective drugs that can treat such diseases. Despite such failure, alternative interventions such as mind-body techniques (MBTs) have not been adequately investigated. Methods: The first part of this review has been focused on philosophical aspects of various MBTs besides evolving an ayurgenomic perspective. The potential of MBTs as a preventive non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of various general and hypoxic pathologies has been further described in this section. In the second part, molecular, physiological, and neuroprotective roles of MBTs in normal and hypoxic/ischemic conditions has been discussed. Results: In this respect, the importance of and in vivo studies has also been discussed. Conclusions: Although several studies have investigated the role of protective strategies in coping with the hypoxic environment, the efficacy of MBTs at the molecular level has been ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gurkeerat Kaur
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Deepali Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
| | - Priya Battu
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India;
| | - Disha Bhanushali
- Sri Sri institute of Advanced Research, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Bangaluru 560082, India;
| | - Nitin Limaye
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peckham SB, Ionson E, Nassim M, Ojha K, Palaniyappan L, Gati J, Thebérge J, Lazosky A, Speechley M, Barušs I, Rej S, Vasudev A. Sahaj Samadhi meditation vs a Health Enhancement Program in improving late-life depression severity and executive function: study protocol for a two-site, randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:605. [PMID: 31651355 PMCID: PMC6814044 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent estimates suggest an 11% prevalence of current late-life depression (LLD) and a lifetime prevalence of 16–20%. LLD leads to cognitive disturbance as well as a nearly two to three times increased risk of dementia. We conducted a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) which demonstrated that Sahaj Samadhi meditation (SSM), an easy-to-implement, meditation-based augmentation strategy, led to higher rates of symptom remission when compared to treatment as usual (40.0 vs 16.3%; odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI 1.06–10.64; p = 0.040). Here we present a protocol describing a two-site, blinded, RCT, comparing an SSM arm to an active-control arm – a Health Enhancement Program (HEP) intervention – in their ability to reduce depressive symptoms and improve executive functioning, among several other exploratory outcomes. Methods/design One hundred and ninety-two (n = 192) participants with LLD will be recruited at two sites (London, ON, Canada, and Montreal, QC, Canada). Participants will undergo stratified randomization with regards to site and the presence of treatment-resistant-LLD (TR-LLD) or not, to either SSM or HEP. We will assess change in (1) depression severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), (2) executive functioning, and (3) other exploratory physiological and mood-based measures, at baseline (0 weeks), post intervention (12 weeks), and 26 weeks after baseline. Raters, clinicians, and care providers will be blinded to group allocation while participants will be blinded to the study hypotheses. Discussion This study should more definitively assess whether SSM can be used as an augmentation strategy in routine clinical care for patients suffering from LLD and TR-LLD. If the effects of SSM are significantly better than HEP, it will offer support for the routine use of this intervention to manage LLD/TR-LLD and comorbid declines in executive dysfunction. The results of this study could also inform whether SSM can improve/prevent cognitive decline in LLD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03564041. Registered on 20 June 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Benjamin Peckham
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Ionson
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marouane Nassim
- McGill Meditation and Mind-Body Medicine Research Clinic (MMMM-RC), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Geri-PARTy Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Gati
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Thebérge
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Lazosky
- London Health Sciences Centre, #A2-607, Victoria Hospital, LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Imants Barušs
- Department of Psychology, King's University College, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- McGill Meditation and Mind-Body Medicine Research Clinic (MMMM-RC), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Geri-PARTy Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Akshya Vasudev
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Health Sciences Centre, #A2-607, Victoria Hospital, LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nyhus E, Engel WA, Pitfield TD, Vakkur IMW. Increases in Theta Oscillatory Activity During Episodic Memory Retrieval Following Mindfulness Meditation Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:311. [PMID: 31551738 PMCID: PMC6738165 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation has been shown to improve episodic memory and increase theta oscillations which are known to play a role in episodic memory retrieval. The present study examined the effect of mindfulness meditation on episodic memory retrieval and theta oscillations. Using a longitudinal design, subjects in the mindfulness meditation experimental group who underwent 4 weeks of mindfulness meditation training and practice were compared to a waitlist control group. During the pre-training and post-training experimental sessions, subjects completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and studied adjectives and either imagined a scene (Place Task) or judged its pleasantness (Pleasant Task). During the recognition test, subjects decided which task was performed with each word ("Old Place Task" or "Old Pleasant Task") or "New." FFMQ scores and source discrimination were greater post-training than pre-training in the mindfulness meditation experimental group. Electroencephalography (EEG) results revealed that for the mindfulness meditation experimental group theta power was greater post-training than pre-training in right frontal and left parietal channels and changes in FFMQ scores correlated with changes in theta oscillations in right frontal channels (n = 20). The present results suggest that mindfulness meditation increases source memory retrieval and theta oscillations in a fronto-parietal network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nyhus
- Department of Psychology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chouinard AM, Larouche E, Audet MC, Hudon C, Goulet S. Mindfulness and psychoeducation to manage stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1246-1254. [PMID: 30406681 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1484890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often corresponds to the prodromal stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aMCI stage represents a crucial time window to apply preventive interventions in an attempt to delay cognitive decline. Stress, one of AD's modifiable risk factors frequently co-occurring with aMCI, stands out as a key intervention target. The goal of this study was to assess the impacts of two non-pharmacological interventions, mindfulness and psychoeducation, on stress at the psychological and physiological levels among aMCI older adults. Methods: Forty-eight aMCI participants were randomized between a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI) for eight weekly sessions. Anxiety symptoms, perceived stress levels, cortisol awakening response (CAR), and coping strategies were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Mindfulness attitudes and time dedicated to at-home meditative practices were evaluated in the MBI group. Results: The main results revealed a slight reduction of the CAR among MBI participants who practiced meditation at home the most and a decrease in perceived stress levels in the PBI group. Both interventions enhanced problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusion: In sum, this pilot study supports the potential of MBI and PBI to reduce stress at the physiological and psychological level, respectively, and increase coping strategies in older adults at risk for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Chouinard
- a CERVO Research Centre , Quebec , Canada.,b School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Eddy Larouche
- a CERVO Research Centre , Quebec , Canada.,b School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- c School of Nutrition Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada.,d The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- a CERVO Research Centre , Quebec , Canada.,b School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| | - Sonia Goulet
- a CERVO Research Centre , Quebec , Canada.,b School of Psychology , Laval University , Quebec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach? Neural Plast 2019; 2019:7067592. [PMID: 31065259 PMCID: PMC6466873 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7067592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process accompanied by cognitive decline, principally in memory and executive functions. Alterations in the connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) have been found to participate in cognitive decline, as well as in several neurocognitive disorders. The DMN has antisynchronic activity with attentional networks (task-positive networks (TPN)), which are critical to executive function and memory. Findings pointing to the regulation of the DMN via activation of TPN suggest that it can be used as a strategy for neuroprotection. Meditation is a noninvasive and nonpharmacological technique proven to increase meta-awareness, a cognitive ability which involves the control of both networks. In this review, we discuss the possibility of facilitating healthy aging through the regulation of networks through meditation. We propose that by practicing specific types of meditation, cognitive decline could be slowed, promoting a healthy lifestyle, which may enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen ST, Volle D, Jalil J, Wu P, Small GW. Health-Promoting Strategies for the Aging Brain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:213-236. [PMID: 30686664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages and people live longer, the changes in the aging brain present substantial challenges to our health and society. With greater longevity come age-related diseases, many of which have direct and indirect influences on the health of the brain. Although there is some degree of predictable decline in brain functioning with aging, meaningful cognitive decline is not inevitable and is perhaps preventable. In this review, we present the case that the course of aging-related brain disease and dysfunction can be modified. We present the evidence for conditions and risk factors that may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia and for interventions that may mitigate their impact on cognitive functioning later in life, or even prevent them and their cognitive sequelae from developing. Although much work remains to be done to meet the challenges of the aging brain, strategies to promote its health have been demonstrated and offer much promise, which can only be realized if we mount a vigorous public health effort to implement these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
| | - Dax Volle
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jason Jalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Pauline Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Klimecki O, Marchant NL, Lutz A, Poisnel G, Chételat G, Collette F. The impact of meditation on healthy ageing - the current state of knowledge and a roadmap to future directions. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 28:223-228. [PMID: 30798104 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that meditation-based training promotes healthy ageing across many dimensions. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of meditation training on healthy ageing in the domains of emotions, cognition (with a special emphasis on attentional processes), and the preservation of related brain structures. Although evidence so far is promising, more rigorous randomized controlled studies with active control groups and long-term follow-up in older people are needed. We outline how these challenges can be addressed in future studies using the example of an ongoing project, Medit-Ageing (public name: Silver Santé Study), including two independent randomized controlled trials (RCT) as well as one cross-sectional study with meditation experts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Klimecki
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- Université Normandie, Inserm, Université de Caen-Normandie, Inserm UMR-S U1237, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Université Normandie, Inserm, Université de Caen-Normandie, Inserm UMR-S U1237, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging and Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Liège University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Basso JC, McHale A, Ende V, Oberlin DJ, Suzuki WA. Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:208-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
36
|
Marchant NL, Barnhofer T, Klimecki OM, Poisnel G, Lutz A, Arenaza-Urquijo E, Collette F, Wirth M, Schild AK, Coll-Padrós N, Reyrolle L, Horney D, Krolak-Salmon P, Molinuevo JL, Walker Z, Maillard A, Frison E, Jessen F, Chételat G. The SCD-Well randomized controlled trial: Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention versus health education on mental health in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:737-745. [PMID: 30581979 PMCID: PMC6296291 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Subjectively experienced cognitive decline in older adults is an indicator of increased risk for dementia and is also associated with increased levels of anxiety symptoms. As anxiety is itself emerging as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, the primary question of the present study is whether an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention can significantly reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The secondary questions pertain to whether such changes extend to other domains of psychological, social, and biological functioning (including cognition, self-regulation, lifestyle, well-being and quality of life, sleep, and selected blood-based biomarkers) associated with mental health, older age, and risk for dementia. Methods SCD-Well is a multicenter, observer-blinded, randomized, controlled, superiority trial, which is part of the Horizon 2020 European Union-funded “Medit-Ageing” project. SCD-Well compares an 8-week mindfulness- and compassion-based intervention specifically adapted for older adults with SCD with a validated 8-week health education program. Participants were recruited from memory clinics in four European sites (Cologne, Germany; London, United Kingdom; Barcelona, Spain; and Lyon, France) and randomized with a 1:1 allocation, stratified by site. Results The primary outcome, change in anxiety symptoms, and secondary outcomes reflecting psychological, cognitive, social, and biological functioning are assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 4 months after the end of the intervention. Discussion The study will provide evidence on whether a mindfulness-based intervention can effect changes in anxiety and other risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia in older adults with SCD and will inform the establishment of intervention strategies targeted at improving mental health in older adults. Mindfulness may benefit older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). SCD-Well compares an 8-week mindfulness intervention to a health education course. Patients with SCD were recruited from memory clinics in four countries. Outcomes include anxiety symptoms, psychosocial, cognitive, and biological function. Results will inform future prevention studies and strategies in SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0)20 3108 7961, Fax: +020 7679 9426.
| | | | - Olga M. Klimecki
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Poisnel
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Miranka Wirth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbold-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Schild
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Coll-Padrós
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Reyrolle
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut du Vielllissement, CRC Vielllissement-Cerveau-Fragilité, Lyon, France
| | - Deborah Horney
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Lyon Institute for Elderly, Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Inserm 1048, CNRS 5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Aline Maillard
- EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'information médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Frison
- EUCLID/F-CRIN Clinical Trials Platform, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d'information médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gael Chételat
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Age-Well randomized controlled trial of the Medit-Ageing European project: Effect of meditation or foreign language training on brain and mental health in older adults. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:714-723. [PMID: 30581977 PMCID: PMC6296161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Age-Well clinical trial is an ongoing monocentric, randomized, controlled trial aiming to assess an 18-month preventive meditation-based intervention directly targeting the attentional and emotional dimensions of aging to promote mental health and well-being in elderly people. Methods One hundred thirty-seven cognitively unimpaired older adults are randomized to either an 18-month meditation-based intervention, a structurally matched foreign language training, or a passive control arm. The impact of the intervention and underlying mechanisms are assessed with detailed cognitive, behavioral, biological, neuroimaging and sleep examinations. Results Recruitment began in late 2016 and ended in May 2018. The interventions are ongoing and will be completed by early 2020. Discussion This is the first trial addressing the emotional and cognitive dimension of aging with a long-term nonpharmacological approach and using comprehensive assessments to investigate the mechanisms. Results are expected to foster the development of preventive strategies reducing the negative impact of mental conditions and disorders. Meditation or language training could improve mental health and well-being in aging. Age-Well is a randomized controlled trial targeting mental health in aging. Age-Well includes 18-month meditation and foreign language training in 137 elderly. Age-Well interventions are expected to positively impact brain structure and function.
Collapse
|
38
|
Larouche E, Hudon C, Goulet S. Mindfulness mechanisms and psychological effects for aMCI patients: A comparison with psychoeducation. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018; 34:93-104. [PMID: 30712752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), an Alzheimer's disease prodrome, is characterized by cognitive and psychological symptoms, the latter aggravating prognosis. A mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) represents a promising non-pharmacological framework for Alzheimer's disease prevention. The Monitoring + Acceptance Theory (MAT) postulates that MBI improves cognition through monitoring, and psychological well-being, through acceptance. This single-blind preliminary randomized-controlled study investigated the effects of a MBI on anxio-depressive symptoms, quality of life, and memory, compared to a psychoeducation-based intervention in older adults with aMCI. The contribution of MAT components and of ruminations' reduction to intervention efficacy were examined. Participants assigned to both conditions experienced similar benefits regarding anxio-depressive symptoms and aging-related quality of life. General quality of life and memory remained unchanged. A partial support of the MAT and of ruminations reduction to the MBI's efficacy was found. The findings provide new insights on the effects and mechanisms of a MBI on aMCI symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Larouche
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada
| | - C Hudon
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada
| | - S Goulet
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Canada; Centre de Recherche CERVO Brain Research Center, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sleep and mindfulness meditation as they relate to false memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:1084-1111. [PMID: 30244286 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By a systematic analysis of the current literature, we compare two states of sleep and meditation in terms of their role in the formation or suppression of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory. We aim to suggest that the occurrence of false memory under these two states is a result of reinforcing some abilities and changes in cognitive systems which can ultimately improve some aspects of cognitive functions. In our analogy, we propose that: (1) both sleep and meditation may improve source monitoring ability whose failure is one of the most important mechanisms in producing false memories, and (2) despite improvement in source monitoring ability, adaptive cognitive processes, as mechanisms which are common in sleep and meditation, can still produce false memories. In conclusion, we propose that in spite of their contribution to false memory through adaptive processes, the beneficial role of sleep and meditation in cognition may be more prominent than their harmful role.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wilckens KA, Ferrarelli F, Walker MP, Buysse DJ. Slow-Wave Activity Enhancement to Improve Cognition. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:470-482. [PMID: 29628198 PMCID: PMC6015540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA), and its coupling with other sleep features, reorganizes cortical circuitry, supporting cognition. This raises the question: can cognition be improved through SWA enhancement? SWA enhancement techniques range from behavioral interventions (such as exercise), which have high feasibility but low specificity, to laboratory-based techniques (such as transcranial stimulation), which have high specificity but are less feasible for widespread use. In this review we describe the pathways through which SWA is enhanced. Pathways encompass enhanced neural activity, increased energy metabolism, and endocrine signaling during wakefulness; also direct enhancement during sleep. We evaluate the robustness and practicality of SWA-enhancement techniques, discuss approaches for determining a causal role of SWA on cognition, and present questions to clarify the mechanisms of SWA-dependent cognitive improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Berk L, Warmenhoven F, van Os J, van Boxtel M. Mindfulness Training for People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: Rationale, Current Research, and Future Directions. Front Psychol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 29951027 PMCID: PMC6008507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population is aging and the prevalence of dementia is increasing. By 2050, those aged 60 years and older are expected to make up a quarter of the population. With that, the number of people with dementia is increasing. Unfortunately, there is no cure for dementia. The progression of symptoms with no hope of improvement is difficult to cope with, both for patients and their caregivers. New and evidence-based strategies are needed to support the well-being of both caregiver and patient. Mindfulness training is a body-mind intervention that has shown to improve psychological well-being in a variety of mental health conditions. Mindfulness, a non-judgmental attention to one's experience in the present moment, is a skill that can be developed with a standard 8-week training. Research has shown preliminary but promising results for mindfulness-based interventions to benefit people with dementia and caregivers. The aim of this review is (a) to provide a rationale for the application of mindfulness in the context of dementia care by giving an overview of studies on mindfulness for people with dementia and/or their caregivers and (b) to provide suggestions for future projects on mindfulness in the context of dementia and to give recommendations for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Berk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Franca Warmenhoven
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin van Boxtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise and Meditation on Parameters of Cognitive Function. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7060125. [PMID: 29843454 PMCID: PMC6025452 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to improve cognitive function. Yet to be examined in the literature, we sought to examine the effects of a combination of acute bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation on cognitive function among young adults. Participants (n = 66, mean (SD) age = 21 (2)) were randomly assigned to walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). All walking and meditation bouts were 10 min in duration. Participants’ cognition was monitored before and after the intervention using Identification, Set Shifting, Stroop, and Trail Making tasks. Additionally, a subjective assessment of cognitive function was implemented before and after the intervention. Significant group by time interaction effects were observed when examining the Stroop congruent trials (P = 0.05). Post hoc paired t-tests revealed that reaction time significantly decreased from baseline to post-intervention in both combination groups (P < 0.001 for both), but not in the control group (P = 0.09). Regarding all other cognitive assessments, there were no significant group by time interaction effects (P > 0.05). Cognitive function was not substantially affected by a combination of brief meditation and exercise, though there is evidence to suggest that this combination may have beneficial effects on certain aspects of cognition. Future work should be conducted to evaluate the influences of different doses of exercise and meditation on cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Edwards
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 229 Turner Center, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 229 Turner Center, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Innes KE, Selfe TK, Khalsa DS, Kandati S. Meditation and Music Improve Memory and Cognitive Function in Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:899-916. [PMID: 28106552 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While effective therapies for preventing or slowing cognitive decline in at-risk populations remain elusive, evidence suggests mind-body interventions may hold promise. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assessed the effects of Kirtan Kriya meditation (KK) and music listening (ML) on cognitive outcomes in adults experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a strong predictor of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Sixty participants with SCD were randomized to a KK or ML program and asked to practice 12 minutes/day for 3 months, then at their discretion for the ensuing 3 months. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months we measured memory and cognitive functioning [Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ), Trail-making Test (TMT-A/B), and Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)]. RESULTS The 6-month study was completed by 53 participants (88%). Participants performed an average of 93% (91% KK, 94% ML) of sessions in the first 3 months, and 71% (68% KK, 74% ML) during the 3-month, practice-optional, follow-up period. Both groups showed marked and significant improvements at 3 months in memory and cognitive performance (MFQ, DSST, TMT-A/B; p's≤0.04). At 6 months, overall gains were maintained or improved (p's≤0.006), with effect sizes ranging from medium (DSST, ML group) to large (DSST, KK group; TMT-A/B, MFQ). Changes were unrelated to treatment expectancies and did not differ by age, gender, baseline cognition scores, or other factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this preliminary randomized controlled trial suggest practice of meditation or ML can significantly enhance both subjective memory function and objective cognitive performance in adults with SCD, and may offer promise for improving outcomes in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dharma Singh Khalsa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Integrative Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Alzheimer's Research and Prevention Foundation, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sahiti Kandati
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Anand A, Goyal AK, Bakshi J, Sharma K, Vir D, Didi A. Yoga as an Integrative Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Oral Cancer. Int J Yoga 2018; 11:177-185. [PMID: 30233110 PMCID: PMC6134750 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_49_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous advancements in medicine, the number of oral cancer cases continues to increase, and the need for integrating alternate medicine or adopting an integrative approach has become a compelling cost-effective requirement for the management and treatment of diseases. Conventional treatment of oral cancer involves surgery followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy which causes several complications including poor quality of life and high chances of recurrence of cancer. Oral cancer is often linked with obesity which is major risk factors in other cancers. Apart from obesity, oral cancer is thought to have an inverse relation with neurodegenerative disorders presumably because cell death decreases in the former case and increases in the latter. Ancient mind-body techniques such as yoga have not been adequately tested as a tool to synergize the cellular equilibrium pertaining to the treatment of oral cancer. Nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are among the early experimental cellular biomarkers that may be used to probe the modulation of oral cancer, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yoga has been reported to influence these molecules in healthy individuals but whether their expression can be altered in patients of oral cancer by yoga intervention is the subject of this research being discussed in this review article. Therefore, the present article not only reviews the current status of research studies in oral cancer, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders but also how these are linked to each other and why the investigations of the putative NGF pathway, involving TNF-α and IL-6, could provide useful clues to understand the molecular effects brought about by yoga intervention in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Kumar Goyal
- Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Otolaryngology and Head, Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaimanti Bakshi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head, Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Dharam Vir
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head, Neck Surgery (ENT), PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anita Didi
- Head, Global Peace House, Sec 15, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Anderson JG, Rogers CE, Bossen A, Testad I, Rose KM. Mind-Body Therapies in Individuals With Dementia: An Integrative Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2017; 10:288-296. [PMID: 28981919 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20170928-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mind-body therapies frequently derive from Eastern philosophies and are becoming increasingly popular. These therapies, such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, qigong, biofield therapies, and guided imagery, have many reported benefits for improving symptoms and physiological measures associated with various chronic diseases. However, clinical research data concerning the effectiveness of these practices in individuals with dementia have not been evaluated using a synthesis approach. Thus, an integrative review was conducted to evaluate studies examining the efficacy of mind-body therapies as supportive care modalities for management of symptoms experienced by individuals with dementia. Findings from the studies reviewed support the clinical efficacy of mind-body practices in improving behavioral and psychological symptoms exhibited by individuals with dementia. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(6):288-296.].
Collapse
|
46
|
Berk L, van Boxtel M, van Os J. Can mindfulness-based interventions influence cognitive functioning in older adults? A review and considerations for future research. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:1113-1120. [PMID: 27827541 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1247423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increased need exists to examine factors that protect against age-related cognitive decline. There is preliminary evidence that meditation can improve cognitive function. However, most studies are cross-sectional and examine a wide variety of meditation techniques. This review focuses on the standard eight-week mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). METHOD We searched the PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, COCHRANE, and PubMed databases to identify original studies investigating the effects of MBI on cognition in older adults. RESULTS Six reports were included in the review of which three were randomized controlled trials. Studies reported preliminary positive effects on memory, executive function and processing speed. However, most reports had a high risk of bias and sample sizes were small. The only study with low risk of bias, large sample size and active control group reported no significant findings. CONCLUSION We conclude that eight-week MBI for older adults are feasible, but results on cognitive improvement are inconclusive due a limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and a high risk of bias. Rather than a narrow focus on cognitive training per se, future research may productively shift to investigate MBI as a tool to alleviate suffering in older adults, and to prevent cognitive problems in later life already in younger target populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Berk
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Boxtel
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,b King's College London , King's Health Partners , Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alternative Treatment Modalities and Its Effect in Older Populations. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2017; 28:671-680. [PMID: 29031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable multifactorial process. Advances in health care and technology have led to an increase on expected life span that can reach an average of 90 years in the next few decades. Lifestyle changes that include activity, nutrition, stress management, and alternatives low-impact exercises like yoga and tai chi can help us modify some of these age-related changes and lead to an increase in the health span and quality of life of the older adults.
Collapse
|
48
|
Wei GX, Gong ZQ, Yang Z, Zuo XN. Mind-Body Practice Changes Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations in Intrinsic Control Networks. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1049. [PMID: 28736535 PMCID: PMC5500650 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control impairment is a typical symptom largely reported in populations with neurological disorders. Previous studies have provided evidence about the changes in cognitive control induced by mind-body training. However, the neural correlates underlying the effect of extensive mind-body practice on cognitive control remain largely unknown. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we characterized dynamic fluctuations in large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks associated with mind-body practice, and examined their differences between healthy controls and Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) practitioners. Compared with a control group, the TCC group revealed significantly decreased fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) in the bilateral frontoparietal network, default mode network and dorsal prefrontal-angular gyri network. Furthermore, we detected a significant association between mind-body practice experience and fALFF in the default mode network, as well as an association between cognitive control performance and fALFF of the frontoparietal network. This provides the first evidence of large-scale functional connectivity in brain networks associated with mind-body practice, shedding light on the neural network changes that accompany intensive mind-body training. It also highlights the functionally plastic role of the frontoparietal network in the context of the “immune system” of mental health recently developed in relation to flexible hub theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, United States.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Lifespan Connectomics and Behavior Team, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Plasma REST: a novel candidate biomarker of Alzheimer's disease is modified by psychological intervention in an at-risk population. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1148. [PMID: 28585932 PMCID: PMC5537638 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The repressor element 1-silencing transcription (REST) factor is a key regulator of the aging brain's stress response. It is reduced in conditions of stress and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which suggests that increasing REST may be neuroprotective. REST can be measured peripherally in blood plasma. Our study aimed to (1) examine plasma REST levels in relation to clinical and biological markers of neurodegeneration and (2) alter plasma REST levels through a stress-reduction intervention-mindfulness training. In study 1, REST levels were compared across the following four well-characterized groups: healthy elderly (n=65), mild cognitive impairment who remained stable (stable MCI, n=36), MCI who later converted to dementia (converter MCI, n=29) and AD (n=65) from the AddNeuroMed cohort. REST levels declined with increasing severity of risk and impairment (healthy elderly>stable MCI>converter MCI>AD, F=6.35, P<0.001). REST levels were also positively associated with magnetic resonance imaging-based hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy and other putative blood-based biomarkers of AD (Ps<0.05). In study 2, REST was measured in 81 older adults with psychiatric risk factors for AD before and after a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention or an education-based placebo intervention. Mindfulness-based training caused an increase in REST compared with the placebo intervention (F=8.57, P=0.006), and increased REST was associated with a reduction in psychiatric symptoms associated with stress and AD risk (Ps<0.02). Our data confirm plasma REST associations with clinical severity and neurodegeneration, and originally, that REST is modifiable by a psychological intervention with clinical benefit.
Collapse
|