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Shrestha AP, Rameshkumar N, Boff JM, Rajmanna R, Chandrasegaran T, Frederick CE, Zenisek D, Vaithianathan T. The Effects of Aging on Rod Bipolar Cell Ribbon Synapses. Cells 2023; 12:2385. [PMID: 37830599 PMCID: PMC10572008 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The global health concern posed by age-related visual impairment highlights the need for further research focused on the visual changes that occur during the process of aging. To date, multiple sensory alterations related to aging have been identified, including morphological and functional changes in inner hair cochlear cells, photoreceptors, and retinal ganglion cells. While some age-related morphological changes are known to occur in rod bipolar cells in the retina, their effects on these cells and on their connection to other cells via ribbon synapses remain elusive. To investigate the effects of aging on rod bipolar cells and their ribbon synapses, we compared synaptic calcium currents, calcium dynamics, and exocytosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) that were middle-aged (MA,18 months) or old-aged (OA, 36 months). The bipolar cell terminal in OA zebrafish exhibited a two-fold reduction in number of synaptic ribbons, an increased ribbon length, and a decrease in local Ca2+ signals at the tested ribbon location, with little change in the overall magnitude of the calcium current or exocytosis in response to brief pulses. Staining of the synaptic ribbons with antibodies specific for PKCa revealed shortening of the inner nuclear and plexiform layers (INL and IPL). These findings shed light on age-related changes in the retina that are related to synaptic ribbons and calcium signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek P. Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nirujan Rameshkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johane M. Boff
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rhea Rajmanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Courtney E. Frederick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA (D.Z.)
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA (D.Z.)
| | - Thirumalini Vaithianathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Kovács-Valasek A, Pöstyéni E, Dénes V, Mester A, Sétáló G, Gábriel R. Age-Related Alterations of Proteins in Albino Wistar Rat Retina. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:135-150. [PMID: 34218223 DOI: 10.1159/000515447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of homeostasis causes permanent changes in the body with time. The central nervous system is especially prone to these changes since it possesses limited regenerative capacity. In the retina, neurons are damaged during the aging process, and this eventually leads to deterioration of vision. In our 2-year-long study, we examined genetically closely related rat individuals to disclose the hidden retinal causes of age-associated visual dysfunction. Morphometric analysis showed significant reduction of the retina thickness with aging, particularly that of the inner plexiform layer. To reveal changes between the age groups, we used immunohistochemistry against vesicular glutamate transporter 1 protein for photoreceptor and bipolar cell terminals, Brn3a for ganglion cells, calbindin 28 kDa for horizontal cells, parvalbumin for AII amacrines, protein kinase Cα for rod bipolar cells, tyrosine hydroxylase for dopaminergic cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein for glial cells, and peanut-agglutinin labeling for cones. The most significant decrease was observed in the density of photoreceptor and the ganglion cells in the aging process. By using immunocytochemistry and western blot technique, we observed that calbindin and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 protein staining do not change much with aging; tyrosine hydroxylase, parvalbumin and calretinin showed the highest immunoreactivity during the midlife period. Most interestingly, the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein also changes similarly to the previously named markers. Our results provide further evidence that protein content is modified at least in some cell populations of the rat retina, and the number of retinal cells declined with aging. We conclude that senescence alone may cause structural and functional damage in the retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Dénes
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mester
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Chang LYL, Palanca-Castan N, Neira D, Palacios AG, Acosta ML. Ocular Health of Octodon degus as a Clinical Marker for Age-Related and Age-Independent Neurodegeneration. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:665467. [PMID: 33927598 PMCID: PMC8076605 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.665467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are very heterogeneous and multifactorial, making it challenging to diagnose the disease based solely on genetic, behavioral tests, or clinical history. It is yet to be explained what ophthalmological tests relate specifically to aging and AD. To this end, we have selected the common degu (Octodon degus) as a model for aging which develops AD-like signs to conduct ophthalmological screening methods that could be clinical markers of aging and AD. We investigated ocular health using ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, intraocular pressure (IOP), and pupillary light reflex (PLR). The results showed significant presence of cataracts in adult degus and IOP was also found to increase significantly with advancing age. Age had a significant effect on the maximum pupil constriction but other pupil parameters changed in an age-independent manner (PIPR retention index, resting pupil size, constriction velocity, redilation plateau). We concluded that degus have underlying factors at play that regulate PLR and may be connected to sympathetic, parasympathetic, and melanopsin retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) deterioration. This study provides the basis for the use of ocular tests as screening methods for the aging process and monitoring of neurodegeneration in non-invasive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Y-L Chang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Palanca-Castan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Neira
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica L Acosta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chang LYL, Ardiles AO, Tapia-Rojas C, Araya J, Inestrosa NC, Palacios AG, Acosta ML. Evidence of Synaptic and Neurochemical Remodeling in the Retina of Aging Degus. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:161. [PMID: 32256305 PMCID: PMC7095275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides is regarded as the hallmark of neurodegenerative alterations in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In the eye, accumulation of Aβ peptides has also been suggested to be a trigger of retinal neurodegenerative mechanisms. Some pathological aspects associated with Aβ levels in the brain are synaptic dysfunction, neurochemical remodeling and glial activation, but these changes have not been established in the retina of animals with Aβ accumulation. We have employed the Octodon degus in which Aβ peptides accumulated in the brain and retina as a function of age. This current study investigated microglial morphology, expression of PSD95, synaptophysin, Iba-1 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the retina of juvenile, young and adult degus using immunolabeling methods. Neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were detected using immunogold labeling and glutamate receptor subunits were quantified using Western blotting. There was an age-related increase in presynaptic and a decrease in post-synaptic retinal proteins in the retinal plexiform layers. Immunolabeling showed changes in microglial morphology characteristic of intermediate stages of activation around the optic nerve head (ONH) and decreasing activation toward the peripheral retina. Neurotransmitter expression pattern changed at juvenile ages but was similar in adults. Collectively, the results suggest that microglial activation, synaptic remodeling and neurotransmitter changes may be consequent to, or parallel to Aβ peptide and phosphorylated tau accumulation in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Y-L Chang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquin Araya
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Monica L Acosta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Auckland, New Zealand
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Verra DM, Sajdak BS, Merriman DK, Hicks D. Diurnal rodents as pertinent animal models of human retinal physiology and pathology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100776. [PMID: 31499165 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This presentation will survey the retinal architecture, advantages, and limitations of several lesser-known rodent species that provide a useful diurnal complement to rats and mice. These diurnal rodents also possess unusually cone-rich photoreceptor mosaics that facilitate the study of cone cells and pathways. Species to be presented include principally the Sudanian Unstriped Grass Rat and Nile Rat (Arvicanthis spp.), the Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), the degu (Octodon degus) and the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). The retina and optic nerve in several of these species demonstrate unusual resilience in the face of neuronal injury, itself an interesting phenomenon with potential translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Verra
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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Laird JG, Gardner SH, Kopel AJ, Kerov V, Lee A, Baker SA. Rescue of Rod Synapses by Induction of Cav Alpha 1F in the Mature Cav1.4 Knock-Out Mouse Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3150-3161. [PMID: 31335952 PMCID: PMC6656410 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cav1.4 is a voltage-gated calcium channel clustered at the presynaptic active zones of photoreceptors. Cav1.4 functions in communication by mediating the Ca2+ influx that triggers neurotransmitter release. It also aids in development since rod ribbon synapses do not form in Cav1.4 knock-out mice. Here we used a rescue strategy to investigate the ability of Cav1.4 to trigger synaptogenesis in both immature and mature mouse rods. Methods In vivo electroporation was used to transiently express Cav α1F or tamoxifen-inducible Cav α1F in a subset of Cav1.4 knock-out mouse rods. Synaptogenesis was assayed using morphologic markers and a vision-guided water maze. Results We found that introduction of Cav α1F to knock-out terminals rescued synaptic development as indicated by PSD-95 expression and elongated ribbons. When expression of Cav α1F was induced in mature animals, we again found restoration of PSD-95 and elongated ribbons. However, the induced expression of Cav α1F led to diffuse distribution of Cav α1F in the terminal instead of being clustered beneath the ribbon. Approximately a quarter of treated animals passed the water maze test, suggesting the rescue of retinal signaling in these mice. Conclusions These data confirm that Cav α1F expression is necessary for rod synaptic terminal development and demonstrate that rescue is robust even in adult animals with late stages of synaptic disease. The degree of rod synaptic plasticity seen here should be sufficient to support future vision-restoring treatments such as gene or cell replacement that will require photoreceptor synaptic rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Laird
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Sarah H. Gardner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Ariel J. Kopel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Vasily Kerov
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Amy Lee
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Sheila A. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and the Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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The long-lived Octodon degus as a rodent drug discovery model for Alzheimer's and other age-related diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018. [PMID: 29514054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research, no disease modifying therapy is available and a change of research objectives and/or development of novel research tools may be required. Much AD research has been based on experimental models using animals with a short lifespan that have been extensively genetically manipulated and do not represent the full spectrum of late-onset AD, which make up the majority of cases. The aetiology of AD is heterogeneous and involves multiple factors associated with the late-onset of the disease like disturbances in brain insulin, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, metabolic syndrome, retinal degeneration and sleep disturbances which are all progressive abnormalities that could account for many molecular, biochemical and histopathological lesions found in brain from patients dying from AD. This review is based on the long-lived rodent Octodon degus (degu) which is a small diurnal rodent native to South America that can spontaneously develop cognitive decline with concomitant phospho-tau, β-amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in brain. In addition, the degu can also develop several other conditions like type 2 diabetes, macular and retinal degeneration and atherosclerosis, conditions that are often associated with aging and are often comorbid with AD. Long-lived animals like the degu may provide a more realistic model to study late onset AD.
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Altimiras F, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Camara F, Vlasova A, Palumbo E, Newhouse S, Deacon RMJ, Farias LAE, Hurley MJ, Loyola DE, Vásquez RA, Dobson R, Guigó R, Cogram P. Brain Transcriptome Sequencing of a Natural Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:64. [PMID: 28373841 PMCID: PMC5357652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altimiras
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiago, Chile; Telefonica Research and DevelopmentSantiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Uszczynska-Ratajczak
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Camara
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palumbo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Robert M J Deacon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina; GeN.DDI LtdLondon, UK
| | - Leandro A E Farias
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Hurley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David E Loyola
- National Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Vásquez
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard Dobson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina; GeN.DDI LtdLondon, UK
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Kovács-Valasek A, Szabadfi K, Dénes V, Szalontai B, Tamás A, Kiss P, Szabó A, Setalo G, Reglődi D, Gábriel R. Accelerated retinal aging in PACAP knock-out mice. Neuroscience 2017; 348:1-10. [PMID: 28215987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neurotrophic and neuroprotective peptide. PACAP and its receptors are widely distributed in the retina. A number of reports provided evidence that PACAP is neuroprotective in retinal degenerations. The current study compared retina cell type-specific differences in young (3-4months) and aged adults (14-16months), of wild-type (WT) mice and knock-out (KO) mice lacking endogenous PACAP production during the course of aging. Histological, immunocytochemical and Western blot examinations were performed. The staining for standard neurochemical markers (tyrosine hydroxylase for dopaminergic cells, calbindin 28 kDa for horizontal cells, protein kinase Cα for rod bipolar cells) of young adult PACAP KO retinas showed no substantial alterations compared to young adult WT retinas, except for the specific PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) staining. We could not detect PAC1-R immunoreactivity in bipolar and horizontal cells in young adult PACAP KO animals. Some other age-related changes were observed only in the PACAP KO mice only. These alterations included horizontal and rod bipolar cell dendritic sprouting into the photoreceptor layer and decreased ganglion cell number. Also, Müller glial cells showed elevated GFAP expression compared to the aging WT retinas. Furthermore, Western blot analyses revealed significant differences between the phosphorylation state of ERK1/2 and JNK in KO mice, indicating alterations in the MAPK signaling pathway. These results support the conclusion that endogenous PACAP contributes to protection against aging of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Dénes
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szalontai
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Setalo
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Abstract
Myopia is rapidly increasing in young populations and patients with glaucoma associated with myopia are reported to be young aged in East Asia. These young patients have a longer life expectancy, which increases their risk of end-of-life visual disabilities. There is a need to understand the clinical course of myopic glaucoma patients, which may be important for the care of these myopic populations. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the age at presentation and the rate of glaucoma progression in the visual field (VF) according to the presence of myopia. The study was conducted as a prospective observational study including 179 patients with open-angle glaucoma who had undergone at least 5 VF examinations with a follow-up of at least 5 years. The progression rate of the mean deviation (MD) and the pattern standard deviation (PSD) are expressed as change in decibels (dB) per year. The slopes of the MD and PSD were calculated by linear regression analyses. Factors related to the slope of VF MD changes were analyzed with correlation and regression analyses. The slope of the linear fit line plotted against age at presentation and the rate of change in the VF MD was -0.026 (P < 0.001) in the myopic group and -0.008 (P = 0.167) in the nonmyopic group; the relationship was more prominent in the myopic group than the nonmyopic group. In the myopic group, age (β = -0.417; 95% confidence intervals (CI), -0.651 to -0.200; P = 0.050) and baseline untreated intraocular pressure (β = -0.179; 95% CI, -0.331 to -0.028; P = 0.022) were significantly related to the rate of change in the MD, which was only the presence of disc hemorrhage (β = -0.335; 95% CI, -0.568 to -0.018; P = 0.022) in the nonmyopic group. Age at presentation was significantly related to the rate of change in the VF in glaucomatous eyes with myopia compared to eyes without myopia. Older age was significantly related to the rate of change in the VF only in myopic glaucomatous eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Young Lopilly Park
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (H-YLP); and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (KEH), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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