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EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105953. [PMID: 35627489 PMCID: PMC9141182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Among neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the main cause of school failure in children. Notably, visuospatial dysfunction has also been emphasized as a leading cause of low cognitive performance in children with ADHD. Consequently, the present study aimed to identify ADHD-related changes in electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics, associated with visual object processing in school-aged children. We performed Multichannel EEG recordings in 16-year-old children undergoing Navon’s visual object processing paradigm. We mapped global coherence during the processing of local and global visual stimuli that were consistent, inconsistent, or neutral. We found that Children with ADHD showed significant differences in global weighted coherence during the processing of local and global inconsistent visual stimuli and longer response times in comparison to the control group. Delta and theta EEG bands highlighted important features for classification in both groups. Thus, we advocate EEG coherence and low-frequency EEG spectral power as prospective markers of visual processing deficit in ADHD. Our results have implications for the development of diagnostic interventions in ADHD and provide a deeper understanding of the factors leading to low performance in school-aged children.
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2
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Ross B, Dobri S, Jamali S, Bartel L. Entrainment of somatosensory beta and gamma oscillations accompany improvement in tactile acuity after periodic and aperiodic repetitive sensory stimulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:11-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Li L, Zhao Z. White-noise-induced double coherence resonances in reduced Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model near subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034408. [PMID: 35428043 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Coherence resonance (CR) describes a counterintuitive phenomenon in which the optimal oscillatory responses in nonlinear systems are shaped by a suitable noise amplitude. This phenomenon has been observed in neural systems. In this research, the generation of double coherence resonances (DCRs) due to white noise is investigated in a three-dimensional reduced Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model with multiple-timescale feature. We show that additive white noise can induce DCRs from the resting state near a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. The appearance of DCRs is related to the changes of the firing pattern aroused by the increases of the noise amplitude. The underlying dynamical mechanisms for the appearance of the DCRs and the changes of the firing pattern are interpreted using the phase space analysis and the dynamics of the stable focus-node near the subcritical Hopf bifurcation. We find that the multiple-timescale dynamics is essential for generating the DCRs and different firing patterns. The results not only present a case in which noise can induce DCRs near a Hopf bifurcation but also provide its dynamical mechanism, which enriches the phenomena in nonlinear dynamics and provides further understanding on the roles of noise in neural systems with multiple-timescale feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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4
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Guerrero-Mendez CD, Ruiz-Olaya AF. Coherence-based connectivity analysis of EEG and EMG signals during reach-to-grasp movement involving two weights. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2022.2029308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian D. Guerrero-Mendez
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F. Ruiz-Olaya
- Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Antonio Nariño University, Bogotá, Colombia
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5
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Sharma T, Peters RM, Bent LR. Subthreshold Electrical Noise Applied to the Plantar Foot Enhances Lower-Limb Cutaneous Reflex Generation. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:351. [PMID: 33005140 PMCID: PMC7479210 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reflex responses generated by cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the plantar foot are important for the maintenance of balance during postural tasks and gait. With aging, reflex generation, particularly from fast adapting type I receptors, is reduced, which likely contributes to impaired postural stability in this population. Therefore, improving reflex generation from these receptors may serve as a tool to improve balance performance. A mechanism to enhance reflexes may lie in the phenomenon of stochastic resonance, whereby the addition of certain intensities and frequencies of noise stimuli improves the performance of a system. This study was conducted to determine whether tactile noise stimuli could improve cutaneous reflex generation. In 12 healthy young adults, we evoked cutaneous reflex responses using a 0–50 Hz Gaussian noise vibration applied to the plantar heel. Concurrently, we applied one of six subthreshold intensities of electrical tactile noise to the plantar heel [0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100% (threshold)] and were able to analyze data from 0%, 20% and 40% trials. Across participants, it was found that the addition of a 20% perceptual threshold (PT) noise resulted in enhanced reflex responses when analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. These data provide evidence that cutaneous reflex generation can be enhanced via a stochastic resonance effect and that 20% PT is the optimal intensity of noise to do so. Therefore, the addition of noise stimuli may be a valuable clinical intervention to improve reflex responses associated with postural balance in populations with impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Sharma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan M Peters
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leah R Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Huidobro N, Gutierrez-Gomez A, Gutierrez J, Zea I, Mendez-Balbuena I, Flores A, Trenado C, Manjarrez E. Augmenting Global Coherence in EEG Signals with Binaural or Monaural Noises. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:461-476. [PMID: 32347473 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Internal stochastic resonance (internal SR) is a phenomenon of non-linear systems in which the addition of a non-zero level of noise produces an enhancement in the coherence between two or more signals. In a previous study, we found that the simultaneous administration of multisensory visual and auditory noise augments global coherence in electroencephalographic (EEG) signals via this phenomenon. Here, we examined whether such global coherence can also be augmented with at least one noisy acoustic source. We performed experiments on healthy subjects and applied the following binaural and monaural noise-stimulation protocols. First, we administered to the left ear Gaussian noise of fixed intensity, while we delivered to the right ear a second Gaussian noise of variable intensity levels (binaural protocol). Second, we applied the Gaussian noise of the same variable intensity levels but only to one ear (monaural protocol). We performed a permutation test analysis, finding that during both noise protocols there was a significant enhancement in the global coherence in EEG signals via the occurrence of internal SR within central pathways of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Huidobro
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Gutierrez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I Zea
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I Mendez-Balbuena
- Facultad de Psicología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico
| | - C Trenado
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Systems Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University and HTW Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - E Manjarrez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Mexico.
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7
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Germer CM, Del Vecchio A, Negro F, Farina D, Elias LA. Neurophysiological correlates of force control improvement induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:016043. [PMID: 31791034 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab5e08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An optimal level of vibrotactile stimulation has been shown to improve sensorimotor control in healthy and diseased individuals. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms behind the enhanced motor performance caused by vibrotactile stimulation are yet to be fully understood. Therefore, here we aim to evaluate the effect of a cutaneous vibration on the firing behavior of motor units in a condition of improved force steadiness. APPROACH Participants performed a visuomotor task, which consisted of low-intensity isometric contractions of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, while sinusoidal (175 Hz) vibrotactile stimuli with different intensities were applied to the index finger. High-density surface electromyogram was recorded from the FDI muscle, and a decomposition algorithm was used to extract the motor unit spike trains. Additionally, computer simulations were performed using a multiscale neuromuscular model to provide a potential explanation for the experimental findings. MAIN RESULTS Experimental outcomes showed that an optimal level of vibration significantly improved force steadiness (estimated as the coefficient of variation of force). The decreased force variability was accompanied by a reduction in the variability of the smoothed cumulative spike train (as an estimation of the neural drive to the muscle), and the proportion of common inputs to the FDI motor nucleus. However, the interspike interval variability did not change significantly with the vibration. A mathematical approach, together with computer simulation results suggested that vibrotactile stimulation would reduce the variance of the common synaptic input to the motor neuron pool, thereby decreasing the low frequency fluctuations of the neural drive to the muscle and force steadiness. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that the decreased variability in common input accounts for the enhancement in force control induced by vibrotactile stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Marconi Germer
- Neural Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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8
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Ennion L, Hijmans J. Improving vibration perception in a patient with type 2 diabetes and sensory peripheral neuropathy. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2019; 75:602. [PMID: 31392290 PMCID: PMC6676981 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v75i1.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its related sensory peripheral neuropathy (SPN) are the biggest risk factors for foot ulcer formation and lower limb amputation. Reduced vibration perception results in less sensitivity to pressure and is a known risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers. Improving vibration perception in the feet of people with SPN could be protective against foot ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine if a therapeutic vibrating insole, used for 35 consecutive days, could improve vibration perception in a patient with type 2 DM. Patient presentation The patient was a 63 year-old male with a medical history of peripheral vascular disease, controlled hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, artherosclerosis and SPN secondary to controlled type 2 diabetes. Management and outcome The patient used the insoles for 20 min a day for 35 consecutive days. Vibration perception thresholds were measured four times in total: once at baseline, immediately post intervention, 1 month and 10 months later. Vibration perception threshold decreased with an average of 22 V (range 6 V–34 V) dependant on the tested location and time after intervention. The improvement remained after 1 and 10 months. Conclusion The use of a vibrating insole as a therapeutic device improved this patient’s perception of vibration in his feet. Clinically, vibrating insoles potentially might reduce the risk for ulcer formation and subsequent lower limb amputation in patients with DM and SPN. Clinical implications Using a vibrating insole therapeutically, can potentially improve the perception of vibration and pressure in patients with sensory peripheral neuropathy secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Improved vibration perception might reduce the risk for diabetic ulcer formation and subsequent lower limb amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezel Ennion
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juha Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Nobusako S, Osumi M, Matsuo A, Furukawa E, Maeda T, Shimada S, Nakai A, Morioka S. Subthreshold Vibrotactile Noise Stimulation Immediately Improves Manual Dexterity in a Child With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Single-Case Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:717. [PMID: 31312179 PMCID: PMC6614204 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is the most common childhood movement disorder. It is characterized by clumsiness of fine and gross motor skills in developing children. Children with DCD have low ability to effectively use tactile information for movements, instead relying on visual information. In addition, children with DCD have deficits in visuo-motor temporal integration, which is important in motor control. These traits subsequently lead to clumsiness of movements. Conversely, however, imperceptible vibrotactile noise stimulation (at 60%-intensity of the sensory threshold) to the wrist provides stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon to the body, improving the sensory and motor systems. However, the effects of SR have not yet been validated in children with DCD. Thus, we conducted a single case study of a 10-year-old boy with a diagnosis of DCD to investigate the effect of SR on visual dependence, visuo-motor temporal integration, and manual dexterity. SR was provided by vibrotactile noise stimulation (at an intensity of 60% of the sensory threshold) to the wrist. Changes in manual dexterity (during the SR on- and off-conditions) were measured using the manual dexterity test of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition. The point of subjective equality measured by visual or tactile temporal order judgment task served as a quantitative indicator reflecting specific sensory dependence. The delay detection threshold and steepness of delay detection probability curve, which were measured using the delayed visual feedback detection task, were used as quantitative indicators of visuo-motor temporal integration. The results demonstrated alleviated visual dependence and improved visuo-motor temporal integration during the SR on-conditions rather than the SR off-conditions. Most importantly, manual dexterity during the SR on-conditions was significantly improved compared to that during the SR off-conditions. Thus, the present results highlighted that SR could contribute to improving poor movement in children with DCD. However, since this was a single case study, a future interventional study with a large sample size is needed to determine the effectiveness of SR for children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nobusako
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuo
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
| | - Takaki Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shimada
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akio Nakai
- Graduate School of Clinical Education & The Center for the Study of Child Development, Institute for Education, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Koryo, Japan
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10
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Sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation differentially improves force steadiness depending on contraction intensity. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1813-1822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-01999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Dresler M, Sandberg A, Bublitz C, Ohla K, Trenado C, Mroczko-Wąsowicz A, Kühn S, Repantis D. Hacking the Brain: Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1137-1148. [PMID: 30550256 PMCID: PMC6429408 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen 6525 EN , The Netherlands
| | - Anders Sandberg
- Future of Humanity Institute , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 1PT , United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathrin Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52428 , Germany
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors , TU Dortmund , Dortmund 44139 , Germany
| | | | - Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development , Berlin 14195 , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Clinic Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg 20246 , Germany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12203 , Germany
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12
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Hwang IS, Hu CL, Yang ZR, Lin YT, Chen YC. Improving Precision Force Control With Low-Frequency Error Amplification Feedback: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2019; 10:131. [PMID: 30842742 PMCID: PMC6391708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although error amplification (EA) feedback has been shown to improve performance on visuomotor tasks, the challenge of EA is that it concurrently magnifies task-irrelevant information that may impair visuomotor control. The purpose of this study was to improve the force control in a static task by preclusion of high-oscillatory components in EA feedback that cannot be timely used for error correction by the visuomotor system. Along with motor unit behaviors and corticomuscular coherence, force fluctuations (Fc) were modeled with non-linear SDA to contrast the reliance of the feedback process and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms by using real feedback, EA, and low-frequency error amplification (LF-EA). During the static force task in the experiment, the EA feedback virtually potentiated the size of visual error, whereas the LF-EA did not channel high-frequency errors above 0.8 Hz into the amplification process. The results showed that task accuracy was greater with the LF-EA than with the real and EA feedback modes, and that LF-EA led to smaller and more complex Fc. LF-EA generally led to smaller SDA variables of Fc (critical time points, critical point of Fc, the short-term effective diffusion coefficient, and short-term exponent scaling) than did real feedback and EA. The use of LF-EA feedback increased the irregularity of the ISIs of MUs but decreased the RMS of the mean discharge rate, estimated with pooled MU spike trains. Beta-range EEG–EMG coherence spectra (13–35 Hz) in the LF-EA condition were the greatest among the three feedback conditions. In summary, amplification of low-frequency errors improves force control by shifting the relative significances of the feedforward and feedback processes. The functional benefit arises from the increase in the common descending drive to promote a stable state of MU discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Ru Yang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Physical Education Office, Asian University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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White O, Babič J, Trenado C, Johannsen L, Goswami N. The Promise of Stochastic Resonance in Falls Prevention. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1865. [PMID: 30745883 PMCID: PMC6360177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration is essential for maintenance of motor and cognitive abilities, thereby ensuring normal function and personal autonomy. Balance control is challenged during senescence or in motor disorders, leading to potential falls. Increased uncertainty in sensory signals is caused by a number of factors including noise, defined as a random and persistent disturbance that reduces the clarity of information. Counter-intuitively, noise can be beneficial in some conditions. Stochastic resonance is a mechanism whereby a particular level of noise actually enhances the response of non-linear systems to weak sensory signals. Here we review the effects of stochastic resonance on sensory modalities and systems directly involved in balance control. We highlight its potential for improving sensorimotor performance as well as cognitive and autonomic functions. These promising results demonstrate that stochastic resonance represents a flexible and non-invasive technique that can be applied to different modalities simultaneously. Finally we point out its benefits for a variety of scenarios including in ambulant elderly, skilled movements, sports and to patients with sensorimotor or autonomic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier White
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.,Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Babič
- Laboratory for Neuromechanics and Biorobotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors TU Dortmund (ifADO), Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leif Johannsen
- Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Anodal tDCS modulates cortical activity and synchronization in Parkinson's disease depending on motor processing. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101689. [PMID: 30708350 PMCID: PMC6354441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may alleviate motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neurophysiological effects of tDCS on cortical activation, synchronization, and the relation to clinical motor symptoms and motor integration need characterization. Objective We aimed to explore the effect of tDCS over the left sensorimotor area on clinical motor outcome, right hand fine motor performance as well as cortical activity and synchronization in the high beta range. Methods In this double-blind randomized sham-controlled clinico-neurophysiological study we investigated ten idiopathic PD patients and eleven matched healthy controls (HC) on two days during an isometric precision grip task and at rest before and after ‘verum’ and ‘sham’ anodal tDCS (20 min; 1 mA; anode [C3], cathode [Fp2]). We measured clinical outcome, fine motor performance, and analysed both cortical frequency domain activity and corticocortical imaginary coherence. Results tDCS improved PD motor symptoms. Neurophysiological features indicated a motor-task-specific modulation of activity and coherence from 22 to 27 Hz after ‘verum’ stimulation in PD. Activity was significantly reduced over the left sensorimotor and right frontotemporal area. Before stimulation, PD patients showed reduced coherence over the left sensorimotor area during motor task compared to HC, and this increased after ‘verum’ stimulation in the motor task. The activity and synchronization modulation were neither observed at rest, after sham stimulation nor in healthy controls. Conclusion Verum tDCS modulated the PD cortical network specifically during fine motor integration. Cortical oscillatory features were not in general deregulated in PD, but depended on motor processing. tDCS improved motor function in Parkinson's disease. tDCS modulated cortical beta activity and synchronization in Parkinson's disease. the Parkinson's disease motor network may be susceptible to cortical stimulation. tDCS may reverse pathologic cortical network states.
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15
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Nobusako S, Osumi M, Matsuo A, Fukuchi T, Nakai A, Zama T, Shimada S, Morioka S. Stochastic resonance improves visuomotor temporal integration in healthy young adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209382. [PMID: 30550570 PMCID: PMC6294379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical and electrical noise stimulation to the body is known to improve the sensorimotor system. This improvement is related to stochastic resonance (SR), a phenomenon described as a "noise benefit" to various sensory and motor systems. The current study investigated the influence of SR on visuomotor temporal integration and hand motor function under delayed visual feedback in healthy young adults. The purpose of this study was to measure the usefulness of SR as a neurorehabilitation device for disorders of visuomotor temporal integration. Thirty healthy volunteers underwent detection tasks and hand motor function tests under delayed visual feedback, with or without SR. Of the 30 participants, 15 carried out the tasks under delayed visual feedback in the order of SR on-condition, off-condition, off-condition, and on-condition. The remaining 15 participants conducted the experimental tasks in the order of SR off-condition, on-condition, on-condition, and off-condition. Comparisons of the delay detection threshold (DDT), steepness of the delay detection probability curves, box and block test (BBT) scores, and nine-hole peg test (NHPT) scores between the SR on- and off-conditions were performed. The DDT under the SR on-condition was significantly shortened compared with the SR off-condition. There was no significant difference between the SR on- and off-conditions for the steepness of the delay detection probability curves, BBT scores, and NHPT scores. SR improved visuomotor temporal integration in healthy young adults, and may therefore improve movement disorders in patients with impaired visuomotor temporal integration. However, because the current results showed that SR did not improve hand motor function under delayed visual feedback, it may not improve motor function when a large distortion of visuomotor temporal integration is present. Further studies are required considering several limitations of the current study, and future clinical trials are necessary to verify the effects of motor training using SR for the treatment of visuomotor temporal integration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nobusako
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuo
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Akio Nakai
- Graduate School of Clinical Education & The Center for the Study of Child Development, Institute for Education, Mukogawa Women’s University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuro Zama
- Rhythm-Based Brain Information Processing Unit, RIKEN CBS-TOYOTA Collaboration Center, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shimada
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Nara, Japan
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16
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Zarkou A, Lee SCK, Prosser LA, Hwang S, Jeka J. Stochastic resonance stimulation improves balance in children with cerebral palsy: a case control study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:115. [PMID: 30526617 PMCID: PMC6288963 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stochastic Resonance (SR) Stimulation has been used to enhance balance in populations with sensory deficits by improving the detection and transmission of afferent information. Despite the potential promise of SR in improving postural control, its use in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is novel. The objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of electrical SR stimulation when applied in the ankle muscles and ligaments on postural stability in children with CP and their typically developing (TD) peers. Methods Ten children with spastic diplegia (GMFCS level I- III) and ten age-matched TD children participated in this study. For each participant the SR sensory threshold was determined. Then, five different SR intensity levels (no stimulation, 25, 50, 75, and 90% of sensory threshold) were used to identify the optimal SR intensity for each subject. The optimal SR and no stimulation condition were tested while children stood on top of 2 force plates with their eyes open and closed. To assess balance, the center of pressure velocity (COPV) in anteroposterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) direction, 95% COP confidence ellipse area (COPA), and A/P and M/L root mean square (RMS) measures were computed and compared. Results For the CP group, SR significantly decreased COPV in A/P direction, and COPA measures compared to the no stimulation condition for the eyes open condition. In the eyes closed condition, SR significantly decreased COPV only in M/L direction. Children with CP demonstrated greater reduction in all the COP measures but the RMS in M/L direction during the eyes open condition compared to their TD peers. The only significant difference between groups in the eyes closed condition was in the COPV in M/L direction. Conclusions SR electrical stimulation may be an effective stimulation approach for decreasing postural sway and has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool to improve balance. Applying subject-specific SR stimulation intensities is recommended to maximize balance improvements. Overall, balance rehabilitation interventions in CP might be more effective if sensory facilitation methods, like SR, are utilized by the clinicians. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02456376; 28 May 2015 (Retrospectively registered); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02456376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zarkou
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, 2020 Peachtree Rd NW, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
| | - Samuel C K Lee
- Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science & Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, 3551 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Laura A Prosser
- University of Pennsylvania & The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sungjae Hwang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, William P. Hytche Center Room 1124, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA
| | - John Jeka
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Delaware, 540 S. College Ave, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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17
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Mendez-Balbuena I, Arrieta P, Huidobro N, Flores A, Lemuz-Lopez R, Trenado C, Manjarrez E. Augmenting EEG-global-coherence with auditory and visual noise: Multisensory internal stochastic resonance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12008. [PMID: 30170407 PMCID: PMC6393074 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation documents the electrophysiological occurrence of multisensory internal stochastic resonance (MISR) in the human electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence elicited by auditory and visual noise.We define MISR of EEG coherence as the phenomenon for which an intermediate level of input noise of a sensory modality enhances EEG coherence in response to another noisy sensory modality. Here, EEG coherence is computed by the global weighted coherence (GWC), modulated by quasi-Brownian noise. Specifically, we examined whether a particular level of auditory noise together with constant visual noise (experimental condition 1) and a specified level of visual noise together with constant auditory noise (experimental condition 2), improves EEG's GWC. We compared GWC between ongoing EEG basal activity (BA), zero noise (ZN), optimal noise (ON), and high noise (HN).The data disclosed an intermediate level of input noise that enhances the GWC for the majority of the subjects, thus demonstrating for the first time the occurrence of multisensory internal stochastic resonance (SR) in visuoauditory processing within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Lemuz-Lopez
- Faculty of Computational Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Translational Neuromodulation Unit, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Yoshida T, Masani K, Zabjek K, Popovic MR, Chen R. Dynamic cortical participation during bilateral, cyclical ankle movements: Effects of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196177. [PMID: 29698430 PMCID: PMC5919457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is known to increase asymmetry and variability of bilateral movements. However, the mechanisms of such abnormalities are not fully understood. Here, we aimed to investigate whether kinematic abnormalities are related to cortical participation during bilateral, cyclical ankle movements, which required i) maintenance of a specific frequency and ii) bilateral coordination of the lower limbs in an anti-phasic manner. We analyzed electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals from nine men with PD and nine aged-matched healthy men while they sat and cyclically dorsi- and plantarflexed their feet. This movement was performed at a similar cadence to normal walking under two conditions: i) self-paced and ii) externally paced by a metronome. Participants with PD exhibited reduced range of motion and more variable bilateral coordination. However, participants with and without PD did not differ in the magnitude of corticomuscular coherence between the midline cortical areas and tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles. This finding suggests that either the kinematic abnormalities were related to processes outside linear corticomuscular communication or PD-related changes in neural correlates maintained corticomuscular communication but not motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Applied Surgical and Rehabilitation Technology Lab, Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Kei Masani
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Karl Zabjek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milos R. Popovic
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Weber I, Florin E, von Papen M, Timmermann L. The influence of filtering and downsampling on the estimation of transfer entropy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188210. [PMID: 29149201 PMCID: PMC5693301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer entropy (TE) provides a generalized and model-free framework to study Wiener-Granger causality between brain regions. Because of its nonparametric character, TE can infer directed information flow also from nonlinear systems. Despite its increasing number of applications in neuroscience, not much is known regarding the influence of common electrophysiological preprocessing on its estimation. We test the influence of filtering and downsampling on a recently proposed nearest neighborhood based TE estimator. Different filter settings and downsampling factors were tested in a simulation framework using a model with a linear coupling function and two nonlinear models with sigmoid and logistic coupling functions. For nonlinear coupling and progressively lower low-pass filter cut-off frequencies up to 72% false negative direct connections and up to 26% false positive connections were identified. In contrast, for the linear model, a monotonic increase was only observed for missed indirect connections (up to 86%). High-pass filtering (1 Hz, 2 Hz) had no impact on TE estimation. After low-pass filtering interaction delays were significantly underestimated. Downsampling the data by a factor greater than the assumed interaction delay erased most of the transmitted information and thus led to a very high percentage (67–100%) of false negative direct connections. Low-pass filtering increases the number of missed connections depending on the filters cut-off frequency. Downsampling should only be done if the sampling factor is smaller than the smallest assumed interaction delay of the analyzed network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Weber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen & Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IW); (LT)
| | - Esther Florin
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael von Papen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Geophysics & Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen & Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IW); (LT)
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20
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Bravi R, Cohen EJ, Martinelli A, Gottard A, Minciacchi D. When Non-Dominant Is Better than Dominant: Kinesiotape Modulates Asymmetries in Timed Performance during a Synchronization-Continuation Task. Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28943842 PMCID: PMC5596084 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing consensus regarding the specialization of the non-dominant limb (NDL)/hemisphere system to employ proprioceptive feedback when executing motor actions. In a wide variety of rhythmic tasks the dominant limb (DL) has advantages in speed and timing consistency over the NDL. Recently, we demonstrated that the application of Kinesio® Tex (KT) tape, an elastic therapeutic device used for treating athletic injuries, improves significantly the timing consistency of isochronous wrist’s flexion-extensions (IWFEs) of the DL. We argued that the augmented precision of IWFEs is determined by a more efficient motor control during movements due to the extra-proprioceptive effect provided by KT. In this study, we tested the effect of KT on timing precision of IWFEs performed with the DL and the NDL, and we evaluated the efficacy of KT to counteract possible timing precision difference between limbs. Young healthy subjects performed with and without KT (NKT) a synchronization-continuation task in which they first entrained IWFEs to paced auditory stimuli (synchronization phase), and subsequently continued to produce motor responses with the same temporal interval in the absence of the auditory stimulus (continuation phase). Two inter-onset intervals (IOIs) of 550-ms and 800-ms, one within and the other beyond the boundaries of the spontaneous motor tempo, were tested. Kinematics was recorded and temporal parameters were extracted and analyzed. Our results show that limb advantages in performing proficiently rhythmic movements are not side-locked but depend also on speed of movement. The application of KT significantly reduces the timing variability of IWFEs performed at 550-ms IOI. KT not only cancels the disadvantages of the NDL but also makes it even more precise than the DL without KT. The superior sensitivity of the NDL to use the extra-sensory information provided by KT is attributed to a greater competence of the NDL/hemisphere system to rely on sensory input. The findings in this study add a new piece of information to the context of motor timing literature. The performance asymmetries here demonstrated as preferred temporal environments could reflect limb differences in the choice of sensorimotor control strategies for the production of human movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bravi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Erez J Cohen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Alessio Martinelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Anna Gottard
- Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Diego Minciacchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
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21
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Yoshida T, Masani K, Zabjek K, Chen R, Popovic MR. Dynamic Increase in Corticomuscular Coherence during Bilateral, Cyclical Ankle Movements. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:155. [PMID: 28420971 PMCID: PMC5378765 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the midline primary motor cortex is active during walking. However, the exact role of such cortical participation is unknown. To delineate the role of the primary motor cortex in walking, we examined whether the primary motor cortex would activate leg muscles during movements that retained specific requirements of walking (i.e., locomotive actions). We recorded electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals from 15 healthy, young men while they sat and performed bilateral, cyclical ankle movements. During dorsiflexion, near-20-Hz coherence increased cyclically between the midline primary motor cortex and the co-contracting antagonistic pair (i.e., tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles) in both legs. Thus, we have shown that dynamic increase in corticomuscular coherence, which has been observed during walking, also occurs during simple bilateral cyclical movements of the feet. A possible mechanism for such coherence is corticomuscular communication, in which the primary motor cortex participates in the control of movement. Furthermore, because our experimental task isolated certain locomotive actions, the observed coherence suggests that the human primary motor cortex may participate in these actions (i.e., maintaining a specified movement frequency, bilaterally coordinating the feet, and stabilizing the posture of the feet). Additional studies are needed to identify the exact cortical and subcortical interactions that cause corticomuscular coherence and to further delineate the functional role of the primary motor cortex during bilateral cyclical movements such as walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kei Masani
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl Zabjek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Flores A, Manilla S, Huidobro N, De la Torre-Valdovinos B, Kristeva R, Mendez-Balbuena I, Galindo F, Treviño M, Manjarrez E. Stochastic resonance in the synaptic transmission between hair cells and vestibular primary afferents in development. Neuroscience 2016; 322:416-29. [PMID: 26926966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon of nonlinear systems in which the addition of an intermediate level of noise improves the response of such system. Although SR has been studied in isolated hair cells and in the bullfrog sacculus, the occurrence of this phenomenon in the vestibular system in development is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to explore for the existence of SR via natural mechanical-stimulation in the hair cell-vestibular primary afferent transmission. In vitro experiments were performed on the posterior semicircular canal of the chicken inner ear during development. Our experiments showed that the signal-to-noise ratio of the afferent multiunit activity from E15 to P5 stages of development exhibited the SR phenomenon, which was characterized by an inverted U-like response as a function of the input noise level. The inverted U-like graphs of SR acquired their higher amplitude after the post-hatching stage of development. Blockage of the synaptic transmission with selective antagonists of the NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors abolished the SR of the afferent multiunit activity. Furthermore, computer simulations on a model of the hair cell - primary afferent synapse qualitatively reproduced this SR behavior and provided a possible explanation of how and where the SR could occur. These results demonstrate that a particular level of mechanical noise on the semicircular canals can improve the performance of the vestibular system in their peripheral sensory processing even during embryonic stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
| | - S Manilla
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - N Huidobro
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - R Kristeva
- Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Mendez-Balbuena
- Facultad de Psicología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - F Galindo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Treviño
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Cortical y Aprendizaje Perceptual, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - E Manjarrez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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23
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Trenado C, Amtage F, Huethe F, Schulte-Mönting J, Mendez-Balbuena I, Baker SN, Baker M, Hepp-Reymond MC, Manjarrez E, Kristeva R. Suppression of enhanced physiological tremor via stochastic noise: initial observations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112782. [PMID: 25397577 PMCID: PMC4232445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced physiological tremor is a disabling condition that arises because of unstable interactions between central tremor generators and the biomechanics of the spinal stretch reflex. Previous work has shown that peripheral input may push the tremor-related spinal and cortical systems closer to anti-phase firing, potentially leading to a reduction in tremor through phase cancellation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether peripherally applied mechanical stochastic noise can attenuate enhanced physiological tremor and improve motor performance. Eight subjects with enhanced physiological tremor performed a visuomotor task requiring the right index finger to compensate a static force generated by a manipulandum to which Gaussian noise (3–35 Hz) was applied. The finger position was displayed on-line on a monitor as a small white dot which the subjects had to maintain in the center of a larger green circle. Electromyogram (EMG) from the active hand muscles and finger position were recorded. Performance was measured by the mean absolute deviation of the white dot from the zero position. Tremor was identified by the acceleration in the frequency range 7–12 Hz. Two different conditions were compared: with and without superimposed noise at optimal amplitude (determined at the beginning of the experiment). The application of optimum noise reduced tremor (accelerometric amplitude and EMG activity) and improved the motor performance (reduced mean absolute deviation from zero). These data provide the first evidence of a significant reduction of enhanced physiological tremor in the human sensorimotor system due to application of external stochastic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Trenado
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Amtage
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Huethe
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schulte-Mönting
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stuart N. Baker
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Baker
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elias Manjarrez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
- * E-mail: (RK); (EM)
| | - Rumyana Kristeva
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (RK); (EM)
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