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Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Datta D. An overview of preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI): relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1371213. [PMID: 38682091 PMCID: PMC11045909 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1371213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions annually worldwide. Although the majority of TBI patients return to premorbid baseline, a subset of patient can develop persistent and often debilitating neurocognitive and behavioral changes. The etiology of TBI within the clinical setting is inherently heterogenous, ranging from sport related injuries, fall related injuries and motor vehicle accidents in the civilian setting, to blast injuries in the military setting. Objective Animal models of TBI, offer the distinct advantage of controlling for injury modality, duration and severity. Furthermore, preclinical models of TBI have provided the necessary temporal opportunity to study the chronic neuropathological sequelae of TBI, including neurodegenerative sequelae such as tauopathy and neuroinflammation within the finite experimental timeline. Despite the high prevalence of TBI, there are currently no disease modifying regimen for TBI, and the current clinical treatments remain largely symptom based. The preclinical models have provided the necessary biological substrate to examine the disease modifying effect of various pharmacological agents and have imperative translational value. Methods The current review will include a comprehensive survey of well-established preclinical models, including classic preclinical models including weight drop, blast injury, fluid percussion injury, controlled cortical impact injury, as well as more novel injury models including closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) models and closed-head projectile concussive impact model (PCI). In addition to rodent preclinical models, the review will include an overview of other species including large animal models and Drosophila. Results There are major neuropathological perturbations post TBI captured in various preclinical models, which include neuroinflammation, calcium dysregulation, tauopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, axonopathy, as well as glymphatic system disruption. Conclusion The preclinical models of TBI continue to offer valuable translational insight, as well as essential neurobiological basis to examine specific disease modifying therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Psychiatry, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States
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2
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Li S, Huang P, Lai F, Zhang T, Guan J, Wan H, He Y. Mechanisms of Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1605-1626. [PMID: 37736794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of autophagy, particularly the selective form like ferritinophagy, in promoting cells to undergo ferroptosis has inspired us to investigate functional connections between diseases and cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel model of procedural cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory response. Based on ferroptosis, the study of ferritinophagy is particularly important. In recent years, extensive research has elucidated the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases and anemia, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Besides, the global emergence and rapid transmission of COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a considerable risk to public health worldwide. The potential involvement of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of brain injury associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases, anemia, and COVID-19, and hypothesizes that ferritinophagy may be a potential mechanism of ferroptosis. Advancements in these fields will enhance our comprehension of methods to prevent and address neurological disorders, anemia, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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3
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Hubbard WB, Velmurugan GV, Sullivan PG. The role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the regulation of mitostasis after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105680. [PMID: 38311216 PMCID: PMC10922998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitostasis, the maintenance of healthy mitochondria, plays a critical role in brain health. The brain's high energy demands and reliance on mitochondria for energy production make mitostasis vital for neuronal function. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to secondary cellular damage, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive deficits. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling, which dissociates ATP production from oxygen consumption, offers a promising avenue for TBI treatment. Accumulating evidence, from endogenous and exogenous mitochondrial uncoupling, suggests that mitostasis is closely regulating by mitochondrial uncoupling and cellular injury environments may be more sensitive to uncoupling. Mitochondrial uncoupling can mitigate calcium overload, reduce oxidative stress, and induce mitochondrial proteostasis and mitophagy, a process that eliminates damaged mitochondria. The interplay between mitochondrial uncoupling and mitostasis is ripe for further investigation in the context of TBI. These multi-faceted mechanisms of action for mitochondrial uncoupling hold promise for TBI therapy, with the potential to restore mitochondrial health, improve neurological outcomes, and prevent long-term TBI-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Gopal V Velmurugan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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4
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Karakaya E, Oleinik N, Edwards J, Tomberlin J, Barker RB, Berber B, Ericsson M, Alsudani H, Ergul A, Beyaz S, Lemasters JJ, Ogretmen B, Albayram O. p17/C18-ceramide-mediated mitophagy is an endogenous neuroprotective response in preclinical and clinical brain injury. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae018. [PMID: 38328780 PMCID: PMC10847724 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Repeat concussions (or repetitive mild traumatic brain injury [rmTBI]) are complex pathological processes consisting of a primary insult and long-term secondary complications and are also a prerequisite for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Recent evidence implies a significant role of autophagy-mediated dysfunctional mitochondrial clearance, mitophagy, in the cascade of secondary deleterious events resulting from TBI. C18-ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid produced in response to cell stress and damage, and its synthesizing enzyme (CerS1) are precursors to selective stress-mediated mitophagy. A transporter, p17, mediates the trafficking of CerS1, induces C18-ceramide synthesis in the mitochondrial membrane, and acts as an elimination signal in cell survival. Whether p17-mediated mitophagy occurs in the brain and plays a causal role in mitochondrial quality control in secondary disease development after rmTBI are unknown. Using a novel repetitive less-than-mild TBI (rlmTBI) injury paradigm, ablation of mitochondrial p17/C18-ceramide trafficking in p17 knockout (KO) mice results in a loss of C18-ceramide-induced mitophagy, which contributes to susceptibility and recovery from long-term secondary complications associated with rlmTBI. Using a ceramide analog with lipid-selenium conjugate drug, LCL768 restored mitophagy and reduced long-term secondary complications, improving cognitive deficits in rlmTBI-induced p17KO mice. We obtained a significant reduction of p17 expression and a considerable decrease of CerS1 and C18-ceramide levels in cortical mitochondria of CTE human brains compared with age-matched control brains. These data demonstrated that p17/C18-ceramide trafficking is an endogenous neuroprotective mitochondrial stress response following rlmTBI, thus suggesting a novel prospective strategy to interrupt the CTE consequences of concussive TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Karakaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Natalia Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jazlyn Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jensen Tomberlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Randy Bent Barker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Burak Berber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biology, Eskisehir Technical University, Tepebasi/Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Habeeb Alsudani
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- College of Science, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Jackson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Onder Albayram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Jackson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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5
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Bai J, Yu B, Li C, Cheng H, Guan Y, Ren Z, Zhang T, Song X, Jia Z, Su T, Tao B, Gao H, Yang B, Liang L, Xiong X, Zhou X, Yin L, Peng J, Shang A, Wang Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Mitochondria Enhance Extracellular Matrix-Derived Grafts for the Repair of Nerve Defect. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302128. [PMID: 37922434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion within the affected microenvironment. The objective is to investigate the potential of transplanting mitochondria to reshape the neural regeneration microenvironment. High-purity functional mitochondria with an intact structure are extracted from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) using the Dounce homogenization combined with ultracentrifugation. Results show that when hUCMSC-derived mitochondria (hUCMSC-Mitos) are cocultured with Schwann cells (SCs), they promote the proliferation, migration, and respiratory capacity of SCs. Acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) have shown promise in nerve regeneration, however, their therapeutic effect is not satisfactory enough. The incorporation of hUCMSC-Mitos within ANAs has the potential to remodel the regenerative microenvironment. This approach demonstrates satisfactory outcomes in terms of tissue regeneration and functional recovery. Particularly, the use of metabolomics and bioenergetic profiling is used for the first time to analyze the energy metabolism microenvironment after PNI. This remodeling occurs through the enhancement of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the regulation of associated metabolites, resulting in increased energy synthesis. Overall, the hUCMSC-Mito-loaded ANAs exhibit high functionality to promote nerve regeneration, providing a novel regenerative strategy based on improving energy metabolism for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226007, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Haofeng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075051, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- School of Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075051, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Benzhang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Haihao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Boyao Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Liang
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xing Xiong
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226007, P. R. China
| | - Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People Liberty Army, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226007, P. R. China
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Tong S, Xie L, Xie X, Xu J, You Y, Sun Y, Zhou S, Ma C, Jiang G, Ma F, Wang Z, Gao X, Chen J. Nano-Plumber Reshapes Glymphatic-Lymphatic System to Sustain Microenvironment Homeostasis and Improve Long-Term Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304284. [PMID: 37867233 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Long-term changes in the microenvironment of the brain contribute to the degeneration of neurological function following TBI. However, current research focuses primarily on short-term modulation during the early phases of TBI, not on the critical significance of long-term homeostasis in the brain microenvironment. Notably, dysfunction of the glymphatic-lymphatic system results in the accumulation of danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the brain, which is regarded as the leading cause of long-term microenvironmental disturbances following TBI. Here, a nanostructure, Nano-plumber, that co-encapsulates the microenvironment regulator pro-DHA and the lymphatic-specific growth factor VEGF-C is developed, allowing for a sustainable and orderly regulation of the microenvironment to promote long-term neurological recovery. Nano-plumber reverses the injury microenvironment by suppressing microglia and astrocytes activation and maintaining reduced activation via enhanced glymphatic-lymphatic drainage, and significantly improves the neurological function of rodents with TBI. This study demonstrates that glymphatic-lymphatic system reconstruction is essential for enhancing long-term prognosis following TBI, and that the Nano-plumber developed here may serve as a clinically translatable treatment option for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Laozhi Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianpei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yinzhe Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songlei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chuchu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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7
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Andraini T, Moulédous L, Petsophonsakul P, Florian C, Gauzin S, Botella-Daloyau M, Arrázola M, Nikolla K, Philip A, Leydier A, Marque M, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Belenguer P, Rampon C, Miquel MC. Mitochondrial OPA1 Deficiency Is Associated to Reversible Defects in Spatial Memory Related to Adult Neurogenesis in Mice. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0073-23.2023. [PMID: 37863658 PMCID: PMC10668243 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0073-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are integrative hubs central to cellular adaptive pathways. Such pathways are critical in highly differentiated postmitotic neurons, the plasticity of which sustains brain function. Consequently, defects in mitochondria and in their dynamics appear instrumental in neurodegenerative diseases and may also participate in cognitive impairments. To directly test this hypothesis, we analyzed cognitive performances in a mouse mitochondria-based disease model, because of haploinsufficiency in the mitochondrial optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics. In males, we evaluated adult hippocampal neurogenesis parameters using immunohistochemistry. We performed a battery of tests to assess basal behavioral characteristics and cognitive performances, and tested putative treatments. While in dominant optic atrophy (DOA) mouse models, the known main symptoms are late onset visual deficits, we discovered early impairments in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory attributable to defects in adult neurogenesis. Moreover, less connected adult-born hippocampal neurons showed a decrease in mitochondrial content. Remarkably, voluntary exercise or pharmacological treatment targeting mitochondrial dynamics restored spatial memory in DOA mice. Altogether, our study identifies a crucial role for OPA1-dependent mitochondrial functions in adult neurogenesis, and thus in hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. More generally, our findings show that adult neurogenesis is highly sensitive to mild mitochondrial defects, generating impairments in spatial memory that can be detected at an early stage and counterbalanced by physical exercise and pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, amplification of mitochondrial function at an early stage appears beneficial for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinovita Andraini
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lionel Moulédous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Petnoi Petsophonsakul
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédrick Florian
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Gauzin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Botella-Daloyau
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Macarena Arrázola
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Kamela Nikolla
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Adam Philip
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Leydier
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Marque
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Belenguer
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Miquel
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse 3, 31400, Toulouse, France
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8
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Thapak P, Smith G, Ying Z, Paydar A, Harris N, Gomez-Pinilla F. The BDNF mimetic R-13 attenuates TBI pathogenesis using TrkB-related pathways and bioenergetics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166781. [PMID: 37286142 PMCID: PMC10619508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is major neurological burden globally, and effective treatments are urgently needed. TBI is characterized by a reduction in energy metabolism and synaptic function that seems a primary cause of neuronal dysfunction. R13, a small drug and BDNF mimetic showed promising results in improving spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior after TBI. Additionally, R13 was found to counteract reductions in molecules associated with BDNF signaling (p-TrkB, p-PI3K, p-AKT), synaptic plasticity (GluR2, PSD95, Synapsin I) as well as bioenergetic components such as mitophagy (SOD, PGC-1α, PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, and LC3) and real-time mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Behavioral and molecular changes were accompanied by adaptations in functional connectivity assessed using MRI. Results highlight the potential of R13 as a therapeutic agent for TBI and provide valuable insights into the molecular and functional changes associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Thapak
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhe Ying
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Afshin Paydar
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Neil Harris
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Dept. Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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9
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Strogulski NR, Portela LV, Polster BM, Loane DJ. Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Microglial immunometabolism in traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2023; 167:129-153. [PMID: 37759406 PMCID: PMC10655864 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurological disorder caused by a physical impact to the brain that promotes diffuse damage and chronic neurodegeneration. Key mechanisms believed to support secondary brain injury include mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neuroinflammation. Microglia and brain-infiltrating macrophages are responsible for neuroinflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after TBI. Their production is associated with loss of homeostatic microglial functions such as immunosurveillance, phagocytosis, and immune resolution. Beyond providing energy support, mitochondrial metabolic pathways reprogram the pro- and anti-inflammatory machinery in immune cells, providing a critical immunometabolic axis capable of regulating immunologic response to noxious stimuli. In the brain, the capacity to adapt to different environmental stimuli derives, in part, from microglia's ability to recognize and respond to changes in extracellular and intracellular metabolite levels. This capacity is met by an equally plastic metabolism, capable of altering immune function. Microglial pro-inflammatory activation is associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration, whereas anti-inflammatory microglial polarization is supported by increased oxidative metabolism. These metabolic adaptations contribute to neuroimmune responses, placing mitochondria as a central regulator of post-traumatic neuroinflammation. Although it is established that profound neurometabolic changes occur following TBI, key questions related to metabolic shifts in microglia remain unresolved. These include (a) the nature of microglial mitochondrial dysfunction after TBI, (b) the hierarchical positions of different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis, and lipid oxidation during secondary injury and recovery, and (c) how immunometabolism alters microglial phenotypes, culminating in chronic non-resolving neuroinflammation. In this basic neurochemistry review article, we describe the contributions of immunometabolism to TBI, detail primary evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic impairments in microglia and macrophages, discuss how major metabolic pathways contribute to post-traumatic neuroinflammation, and set out future directions toward advancing immunometabolic phenotyping in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Strogulski
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis V. Portela
- Neurotrauma and Biomarkers Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J. Loane
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Kulkarni PG, Balasubramanian N, Manjrekar R, Banerjee T, Sakharkar A. DNA Methylation-Mediated Mfn2 Gene Regulation in the Brain: A Role in Brain Trauma-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Memory Deficits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3479-3495. [PMID: 37193907 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (rMTBI) affect mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain. However, mechanisms of long-lasting neurobehavioral effects of rMTBI are largely unknown. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a critical component of tethering complexes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and thereby plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial functions. Herein, we investigated the implications of DNA methylation in the Mfn2 gene regulation, and its consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus after rMTBI. rMTBI dramatically reduced the mitochondrial mass, which was concomitant with decrease in Mfn2 mRNA and protein levels. DNA hypermethylation at the Mfn2 gene promoter was observed post 30 days of rMTBI. The treatment of 5-Azacytidine, a pan DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, normalized DNA methylation levels at Mfn2 promoter, which further resulted into restoration of Mfn2 function. The normalization of Mfn2 function was well correlated with recovery in memory deficits in rMTBI-exposed rats. Since, glutamate excitotoxicity serves as a primary insult after TBI, we employed in vitro model of glutamate excitotoxicity in human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y to investigate the causal epigenetic mechanisms of Mfn2 gene regulation. The glutamate excitotoxicity reduced Mfn2 levels via DNA hypermethylation at Mfn2 promoter. Loss of Mfn2 caused significant surge in cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels with lowered mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Like rMTBI, these consequences of glutamate excitotoxicity were also prevented by 5-AzaC pre-treatment. Therefore, DNA methylation serves as a vital epigenetic mechanism involved in Mfn2 expression in the brain; and this Mfn2 gene regulation may play a pivotal role in rMTBI-induced persistent cognitive deficits. Closed head weight drop injury method was employed to induce repeated mild traumatic brain (rMTBI) in jury in adult, male Wistar rats. rMTBI causes hyper DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and lowers the Mfn2 expression triggering mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the treatment of 5-azacytidine normalizes DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and restores mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | | | - Ritika Manjrekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411 033, India.
| | - Amul Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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11
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White BA, Ivey JT, Velazquez-Cruz R, Oliverio R, Whitehead B, Pinti M, Hollander J, Ma L, Hu G, Weil ZM, Karelina K. Exercise intensity and sex alter neurometabolic, transcriptional, and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114483. [PMID: 37479019 PMCID: PMC10529465 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a potentially inexpensive, accessible, and optimizable rehabilitation approach to traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery. However, little is known about the impact of post-injury exercise on the neurometabolic, transcriptional, and cognitive outcomes following a TBI. In the current study, we examined TBI outcomes in adolescent male and female mice following a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Mice underwent a 10-day regimen of sedentary, low-, moderate-, or high-intensity treadmill exercise and were assessed for cognitive function, histopathology, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Among male mice, low-moderate exercise improved cognitive recovery, and reduced cortical lesion volume and oxidative stress, whereas high-intensity exercise impaired both cognitive recovery and mitochondrial function. On the other hand, among female mice, exercise had an intermediate effect on cognitive recovery but significantly improved brain mitochondrial function. Moreover, single nuclei RNA sequencing of perilesional brain tissue revealed neuronal plasticity-related differential gene expression that was largely limited to the low-intensity exercise injured males. Taken together, these data build on previous reports of the neuroprotective capacity of exercise in a TBI model, and reveal that this rehabilitation strategy impacts neurometabolic, functional, and transcriptional outcome measures in an intensity- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brishti A White
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Julia T Ivey
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mark Pinti
- Department of Human Performance and Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - John Hollander
- Department of Human Performance and Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Gangquin Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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12
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Lu Y, Chen Y, Xu S, Wei L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Liu M, Zhong C. HDAC inhibitor attenuates rat traumatic brain injury induced neurological impairments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18485. [PMID: 37560709 PMCID: PMC10407045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the secondary neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been shown to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH oxidases (Nox) transcription. Vorinostat is an HDAC inhibitor. This study investigated the influence of vorinostat on neurological impairments in a rat model of TBI induced by lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI). Different concentrations of vorinostat (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) were administered via intraperitoneal injection. Neurological deficits were evaluated by modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS). Evans blue extravasation was performed to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Morris water maze assay was performed to evaluate cognitive impairments. Protein levels were evaluated through ELISA and Western blot. Vorinostat was found to attenuate TBI induced brain edema and BBB permeability in rats. Vorinostat also alleviated TBI-induced neurological impairments and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Vorinostat attenuated TBI induced apoptosis and oxidative stresses in ipsilateral injury cortical tissue. Vorinostat inhibited HDAC1, HDAC3, and Nox4 while activated AMPK signaling in ipsilateral injury cortical tissue. In conclusion, administration of vorinostat alleviates the secondary damage of TBI in rat model. The oxidative stress in the ipsilateral injury cortical tissues is decreased by the inhibition of Nox4 expression and the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
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13
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Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Rodgers KM, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. PRMT7 can prevent neurovascular uncoupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and mitochondrial dysfunction in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 366:114445. [PMID: 37196697 PMCID: PMC10960645 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) comprises the largest percentage of TBI-related injuries, with pathophysiological and functional deficits that persist in a subset of TBI patients. In our three-hit paradigm of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), we observed neurovascular uncoupling via decreased red blood cell velocity, microvessel diameter, and leukocyte rolling velocity 3 days post-rmTBI via intra-vital two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, our data suggest increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (leakage), with corresponding decrease in junctional protein expression post-rmTBI. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (measured via Seahorse XFe24) were also altered 3 days post-rmTBI, along with disrupted mitochondrial dynamics of fission and fusion. Overall, these pathophysiological findings correlated with decreased protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein levels and activity post-rmTBI. Here, we increased PRMT7 levels in vivo to assess the role of the neurovasculature and mitochondria post-rmTBI. In vivo overexpression of PRMT7 using a neuronal specific AAV vector led to restoration of neurovascular coupling, prevented BBB leakage, and promoted mitochondrial respiration, altogether to suggest a protective and functional role of PRMT7 in rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America.
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14
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Kang J, Lu N, Yang S, Guo B, Zhu Y, Wu S, Huang X, Wong-Riley MTT, Liu YY. Alterations in synapses and mitochondria induced by acute or chronic intermittent hypoxia in the pre-Bötzinger complex of rats: an ultrastructural triple-labeling study with immunocytochemistry and histochemistry. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1132241. [PMID: 37396926 PMCID: PMC10312010 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), a kernel of inspiratory rhythmogenesis, is a heterogeneous network with excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic and glycinergic neurons. Inspiratory rhythm generation relies on synchronous activation of glutamatergic neuron, whilst inhibitory neurons play a critical role in shaping the breathing pattern, endowing the rhythm with flexibility in adapting to environmental, metabolic, and behavioral needs. Here we report ultrastructural alterations in excitatory, asymmetric synapses (AS) and inhibitory, symmetric synapses (SS), especially perforated synapses with discontinuous postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the pre-BötC in rats exposed to daily acute intermittent hypoxia (dAIH) or chronic (C) IH. Methods We utilized for the first time a combination of somatostatin (SST) and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) double immunocytochemistry with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, to reveal synaptic characteristics and mitochondrial dynamic in the pre-BötC. Results We found perforated synapses with synaptic vesicles accumulated in distinct pools in apposition to each discrete PSD segments. dAIH induced significant increases in the PSD size of macular AS, and the proportion of perforated synapses. AS were predominant in the dAIH group, whereas SS were in a high proportion in the CIH group. dAIH significantly increased SST and NK1R expressions, whereas CIH led to a decrease. Desmosome-like contacts (DLC) were characterized for the first time in the pre-BötC. They were distributed alongside of synapses, especially SS. Mitochondria appeared in more proximity to DLC than synapses, suggestive of a higher energy demand of the DLC. Findings of single spines with dual AS and SS innervation provide morphological evidence of excitation-inhibition interplay within a single spine in the pre-BötC. In particular, we characterized spine-shaft microdomains of concentrated synapses coupled with mitochondrial positioning that could serve as a structural basis for synchrony of spine-shaft communication. Mitochondria were found within spines and ultrastructural features of mitochondrial fusion and fission were depicted for the first time in the pre-BötC. Conclusion We provide ultrastructural evidence of excitation-inhibition synapses in shafts and spines, and DLC in association with synapses that coincide with mitochondrial dynamic in their contribution to respiratory plasticity in the pre-BötC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Naining Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shoujing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Margaret T. T. Wong-Riley
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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15
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Liang MZ, Lu TH, Chen L. Timely expression of PGAM5 and its cleavage control mitochondrial homeostasis during neurite re-growth after traumatic brain injury. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 37221611 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffered from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have twice the risk of developing into neurodegenerative diseases later in their life. Thus, early intervention is needed not only to treat TBI but also to reduce neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Physiological functions of neurons highly depend on mitochondria. Thus, when mitochondrial integrity is compromised by injury, neurons would initiate a cascade of events to maintain homeostasis of mitochondria. However, what protein senses mitochondrial dysfunction and how mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained during regeneration remains unclear. RESULTS We found that TBI-increased transcription of a mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), during acute phase was via topological remodeling of a novel enhancer-promoter interaction. This up-regulated PGAM5 correlated with mitophagy, whereas presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL)-dependent PGAM5 cleavage at a later stage of TBI enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mitochondrial mass. To test whether PGAM5 cleavage and TFAM expression were sufficient for functional recovery, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to uncouple electron transport chain and reduce mitochondrial function. As a result, FCCP triggered PGAM5 cleavage, TFAM expression and recovery of motor function deficits of CCI mice. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study implicate that PGAM5 may act as a mitochondrial sensor for brain injury to activate its own transcription at acute phase, serving to remove damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. Subsequently, PGAM5 is cleaved by PARL, and TFAM expression is increased for mitochondrial biogenesis at a later stage after TBI. Taken together, this study concludes that timely regulation of PGAM5 expression and its own cleavage are required for neurite re-growth and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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16
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Velmurugan GV, Hubbard WB, Prajapati P, Vekaria HJ, Patel SP, Rabchevsky AG, Sullivan PG. LRP1 Deficiency Promotes Mitostasis in Response to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Mitochondrial Targeting after Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1445. [PMID: 37408279 PMCID: PMC10217498 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain undergoes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following physiological insults such as Traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia-reperfusion, and stroke. Pharmacotherapeutics targeting mitochondria (mitoceuticals) against oxidative stress include antioxidants, mild uncouplers, and enhancers of mitochondrial biogenesis, which have been shown to improve pathophysiological outcomes after TBI. However, to date, there is no effective treatment for TBI. Studies have suggested that the deletion of LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in adult neurons or glial cells could be beneficial and promote neuronal health. In this study, we used WT and LRP1 knockout (LKO) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to examine mitochondrial outcomes following exogenous oxidative stress. Furthermore, we developed a novel technique to measure mitochondrial morphometric dynamics using transgenic mitochondrial reporter mice mtD2g (mitochondrial-specific Dendra2 green) in a TBI model. We found that oxidative stress increased the quantity of fragmented and spherical-shaped mitochondria in the injury core of the ipsilateral cortex following TBI, whereas rod-like elongated mitochondria were seen in the corresponding contralateral cortex. Critically, LRP1 deficiency significantly decreased mitochondrial fragmentation, preserving mitochondrial function and cell growth following exogenous oxidative stress. Collectively, our results show that targeting LRP1 to improve mitochondrial function is a potential pharmacotherapeutic strategy against oxidative damage in TBI and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal V. Velmurugan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Paresh Prajapati
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Hemendra J. Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Samir P. Patel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Alexander G. Rabchevsky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 405036, USA; (G.V.V.); (W.B.H.); (P.P.); (H.J.V.); (S.P.P.); (A.G.R.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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17
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Jia H, Liu X, Cao Y, Niu H, Li R, Li F, Sun D, Shi M, Wa L, Liu X, Yang G, Chen F, Zhang S, Zhang J. Deferoxamine ameliorates neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148383. [PMID: 37149247 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important reason of neurological damage and has high morbidity and mortality rates. The secondary damage caused by TBI leads to a poor clinical prognosis. According to the literature, TBI leads to ferrous iron aggregation at the site of trauma and may be a key factor in secondary injury. Deferoxamine (DFO), which is an iron chelator, has been shown to inhibit neuron degeneration; however, the role of DFO in TBI is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether DFO can ameliorate TBI by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Here, our findings suggest that DFO can reduce the accumulation of iron, lipid peroxides, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators. Moreover, DFO may reduce NLRP3 activation via the ROS/NF-κB pathway, modulate microglial polarization, reduce neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors after TBI. Additionally, DFO may reduce the activation of neurotoxic responsive astrocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that DFO can protect motor memory function, reduce edema and improve peripheral blood perfusion at the site of trauma in mice with TBI, as shown by behavioral experiments such as the Morris water maze test, cortical blood perfusion assessment and animal MRI. In conclusion, DFO ameliorates TBI by reducing iron accumulation to alleviate ferroptosis and neuroinflammation, and these findings provide a new therapeutic perspective for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China; Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanhong Niu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - RuiJun Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Wa
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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18
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Bamshad C, Habibi Roudkenar M, Abedinzade M, Yousefzadeh Chabok S, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Sato T, Tomita K, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Feizkhah A, Mohammadi Roushandeh A. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-harvested mitochondrial transplantation improved motor function in TBI models through rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110106. [PMID: 37015158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Each year, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a high rate of mortality throughout the world and those who survive have lasting disabilities. Given that the brain is a particularly dynamic organ with a high energy consumption rate, the inefficiency of current TBI treatment options highlights the necessity of repairing damaged brain tissue at the cellular and molecular levels, which according to research is aggravated due to ATP deficiency and reactive oxygen species surplus. Taking into account that mitochondria contribute to generating energy and controlling cellular stress, mitochondrial transplantation as a new treatment approach has lately reduced complications in a number of diseases by supplying healthy and functional mitochondria to the damaged tissue. For this reason, in this study, we used this technique to transplant human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived mitochondria as a suitable source for mitochondrial isolation into rat models of TBI to examine its therapeutic benefit and the results showed that the successful mitochondrial internalisation in the neuronal cells significantly reduced the number of brain cells undergoing apoptosis, alleviated astrogliosis and microglia activation, retained normal brain morphology and cytoarchitecture, and improved sensorimotor functions in a rat model of TBI. These data indicate that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-isolated mitochondrial transplantation improves motor function in a rat model of TBI via rescuing neuronal cells from apoptosis and alleviating astrogliosis and microglia activation, maybe as a result of restoring the lost mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abedinzade
- Department of Operation Room, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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19
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Ye C, Behnke JA, Hardin KR, Zheng JQ. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study age and sex differences in brain injury and neurodegeneration after mild head trauma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1150694. [PMID: 37077318 PMCID: PMC10106652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1150694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive physical insults to the head, including those that elicit mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), are a known risk factor for a variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although most individuals who sustain mTBI typically achieve a seemingly full recovery within a few weeks, a subset experience delayed-onset symptoms later in life. As most mTBI research has focused on the acute phase of injury, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms related to the late-life emergence of neurodegeneration after early exposure to mild head trauma. The recent adoption of Drosophila-based brain injury models provides several unique advantages over existing preclinical animal models, including a tractable framework amenable to high-throughput assays and short relative lifespan conducive to lifelong mechanistic investigation. The use of flies also provides an opportunity to investigate important risk factors associated with neurodegenerative conditions, specifically age and sex. In this review, we survey current literature that examines age and sex as contributing factors to head trauma-mediated neurodegeneration in humans and preclinical models, including mammalian and Drosophila models. We discuss similarities and disparities between human and fly in aging, sex differences, and pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight Drosophila as an effective tool for investigating mechanisms underlying head trauma-induced neurodegeneration and for identifying therapeutic targets for treatment and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joseph A. Behnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine R. Hardin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Q. Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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20
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Payal N, Sharma L, Sharma A, Hobanii YH, Hakami MA, Ali N, Rashid S, Sachdeva M, Gulati M, Yadav S, Chigurupati S, Singh A, Khan H, Behl T. Understanding the Therapeutic Approaches for Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3368-3384. [PMID: 38151849 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275761231103102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The term "neurodegenerative disorders" refers to a group of illnesses in which deterioration of nerve structure and function is a prominent feature. Cognitive capacities such as memory and decision-making deteriorate as a result of neuronal damage. The primary difficulty that remains is safeguarding neurons since they do not proliferate or regenerate spontaneously and are therefore not substituted by the body after they have been damaged. Millions of individuals throughout the world suffer from neurodegenerative diseases. Various pathways lead to neurodegeneration, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium ion overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis. Although different treatments and therapies are available for neuroprotection after a brain injury or damage, the obstacles are inextricably connected. Several studies have revealed the pathogenic effects of hypothermia, different breathed gases, stem cell treatments, mitochondrial transplantation, multi-pharmacological therapy, and other therapies that have improved neurological recovery and survival outcomes after brain damage. The present review highlights the use of therapeutic approaches that can be targeted to develop and understand significant therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrana Payal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yahya Hosan Hobanii
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Abhiav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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21
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Song Q, Gao Q, Chen T, Wen T, Wu P, Luo X, Chen QY. FAM3A Ameliorates Brain Impairment Induced by Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:251-264. [PMID: 34853925 PMCID: PMC9813043 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) during crucial periods of brain formation can lead to changes in brain morphology, propagation of neuronal stimuli, and permanent neurodevelopmental impairment, which can have profound effects on cognitive function later in life. FAM3A, a subgroup of family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family, is ubiquitously expressed in almost all cells. Overexpression of FAM3A has been evidenced to reduce hyperglycemia via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and protect mitochondrial function in neuronal HT22 cells. This study aims to evaluate the protective role of FAM3A in HI-induced brain impairment. Experimentally, maternal rats underwent uterine artery bilateral ligation to induce neonatal HI on day 14 of gestation. At 6 weeks of age, cognitive development assessments including NSS, wire grip, and water maze were carried out. The animals were then sacrificed to assess cerebral mitochondrial function as well as levels of FAM3A, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Results suggest that HI significantly reduced FAM3A expression in rat brain tissues, and that overexpression of FAM3A through lentiviral transduction effectively improved cognitive and motor functions in HI rats as reflected by improved NSS evaluation, cerebral water content, limb strength, as well as spatial learning and memory. At the molecular level, overexpression of FAM3A was able to promote ATP production, balance mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. We conclude that FAM3A overexpression may have a protective effect on neuron morphology, cerebral mitochondrial as well as cognitive function. Created with Biorender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qingying Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Pozo Devoto VM, Onyango IG, Stokin GB. Mitochondrial behavior when things go wrong in the axon. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:959598. [PMID: 35990893 PMCID: PMC9389222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.959598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal homeostasis is maintained by processes that include cytoskeletal regulation, cargo transport, synaptic activity, ionic balance, and energy supply. Several of these processes involve mitochondria to varying degrees. As a transportable powerplant, the mitochondria deliver ATP and Ca2+-buffering capabilities and require fusion/fission to maintain proper functioning. Taking into consideration the long distances that need to be covered by mitochondria in the axons, their transport, distribution, fusion/fission, and health are of cardinal importance. However, axonal homeostasis is disrupted in several disorders of the nervous system, or by traumatic brain injury (TBI), where the external insult is translated into physical forces that damage nervous tissue including axons. The degree of damage varies and can disconnect the axon into two segments and/or generate axonal swellings in addition to cytoskeletal changes, membrane leakage, and changes in ionic composition. Cytoskeletal changes and increased intra-axonal Ca2+ levels are the main factors that challenge mitochondrial homeostasis. On the other hand, a proper function and distribution of mitochondria can determine the recovery or regeneration of the axonal physiological state. Here, we discuss the current knowledge regarding mitochondrial transport, fusion/fission, and Ca2+ regulation under axonal physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorio M. Pozo Devoto
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Isaac G. Onyango
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Gorazd B. Stokin
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23
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Choi YK, Kim YM. Beneficial and Detrimental Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Neurovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137041. [PMID: 35806040 PMCID: PMC9266949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) has both beneficial and detrimental effects via its metabolites, including carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin or bilirubin, and ferrous iron. HO-1 is an inducible form of HO that is upregulated by oxidative stress, nitric oxide, CO, and hypoxia, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive form that regulates vascular tone and homeostasis. In brains injured by trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the long-term expression of HO-1 can be detected, which can lead to cytotoxic ferroptosis via iron accumulation. In contrast, the transient induction of HO-1 in the peri-injured region may have regenerative potential (e.g., angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis) and neurovascular protective effects through the CO-mediated signaling pathway, the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, and the iron-mediated ferritin synthesis. In this review, we discuss the dual roles of HO-1 and its metabolites in various neurovascular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, Gilbert’s syndrome, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.C.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-450-0558 (Y.K.C.); +82-33-250-8831 (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.C.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-450-0558 (Y.K.C.); +82-33-250-8831 (Y.-M.K.)
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25
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Fritsch LE, Ju J, Gudenschwager Basso EK, Soliman E, Paul S, Chen J, Kaloss AM, Kowalski EA, Tuhy TC, Somaiya RD, Wang X, Allen IC, Theus MH, Pickrell AM. Type I Interferon Response Is Mediated by NLRX1-cGAS-STING Signaling in Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:852243. [PMID: 35283725 PMCID: PMC8916033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.852243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a significant contributor to neuronal death and dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent evidence suggests that interferons may be a key regulator of this response. Our studies evaluated the role of the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway in a murine model of TBI. Methods Male, 8-week old wildtype, STING knockout (−/−), cGAS−/−, and NLRX1−/− mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury. Histopathological evaluation of tissue damage was assessed using non-biased stereology, which was complemented by analysis at the mRNA and protein level using qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Results We found that STING and Type I interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated after CCI injury in a bi-phasic manner and that loss of cGAS or STING conferred neuroprotection concomitant with a blunted inflammatory response at 24 h post-injury. cGAS−/− animals showed reduced motor deficits 4 days after injury (dpi), and amelioration of tissue damage was seen in both groups of mice up to 14 dpi. Given that cGAS requires a cytosolic damage- or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (DAMP/PAMP) to prompt downstream STING signaling, we further demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA is present in the cytosol after TBI as one possible trigger for this pathway. Recent reports suggest that the immune modulator NLR containing X1 (NLRX1) may sequester STING during viral infection. Our findings show that NLRX1 may be an additional regulator that functions upstream to regulate the cGAS-STING pathway in the brain. Conclusions These findings suggest that the canonical cGAS-STING-mediated Type I interferon signaling axis is a critical component of neural tissue damage following TBI and that mtDNA may be a possible trigger in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Fritsch
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Jing Ju
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jiang Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Kowalski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Taylor C. Tuhy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachana Deven Somaiya
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving Coy Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alicia M. Pickrell Michelle H. Theus
| | - Alicia M. Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alicia M. Pickrell Michelle H. Theus
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Bordt EA, Zhang N, Waddell J, Polster BM. The Non-Specific Drp1 Inhibitor Mdivi-1 Has Modest Biochemical Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030450. [PMID: 35326100 PMCID: PMC8944504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), a non-specific inhibitor of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, is neuroprotective in numerous preclinical disease models. These include rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Among its Drp1-independent actions, the compound was found to suppress mitochondrial Complex I-dependent respiration but with less resultant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission compared with the classical Complex I inhibitor rotenone. We employed two different methods of quantifying Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) to test the prediction that mdivi-1 can directly scavenge free radicals. Mdivi-1 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assay. Half-maximal ABTS radical depletion was observed at ~25 μM mdivi-1, equivalent to that achieved by ~12.5 μM Trolox. Mdivi-1 also showed antioxidant activity in the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. However, mdivi-1 exhibited a reduced capacity to deplete the DPPH radical, which has a more sterically hindered radical site compared with ABTS, with 25 μM mdivi-1 displaying only 0.8 μM Trolox equivalency. Both assays indicate that mdivi-1 possesses biochemical antioxidant activity but with modest potency relative to the vitamin E analog Trolox. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether the ability of mdivi-1 to directly scavenge free radicals contributes to its mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Bordt
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Lurie Center for Autism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (B.M.P.); Tel.: +01-617-643-4351 (E.A.B.); +01-410-706-3418 (B.M.P.)
| | - Naibo Zhang
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.B.); (B.M.P.); Tel.: +01-617-643-4351 (E.A.B.); +01-410-706-3418 (B.M.P.)
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27
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Haidar MA, Shakkour Z, Barsa C, Tabet M, Mekhjian S, Darwish H, Goli M, Shear D, Pandya JD, Mechref Y, El Khoury R, Wang K, Kobeissy F. Mitoquinone Helps Combat the Neurological, Cognitive, and Molecular Consequences of Open Head Traumatic Brain Injury at Chronic Time Point. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020250. [PMID: 35203460 PMCID: PMC8869514 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disease in its origin, neuropathology, and prognosis, with no FDA-approved treatments. The pathology of TBI is complicated and not sufficiently understood, which is the reason why more than 30 clinical trials in the past three decades turned out unsuccessful in phase III. The multifaceted pathophysiology of TBI involves a cascade of metabolic and molecular events including inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, an open head TBI mouse model, induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), was used to investigate the chronic protective effects of mitoquinone (MitoQ) administration 30 days post-injury. Neurological functions were assessed with the Garcia neuroscore, pole climbing, grip strength, and adhesive removal tests, whereas cognitive and behavioral functions were assessed using the object recognition, Morris water maze, and forced swim tests. As for molecular effects, immunofluorescence staining was conducted to investigate microgliosis, astrocytosis, neuronal cell count, and axonal integrity. The results show that MitoQ enhanced neurological and cognitive functions 30 days post-injury. MitoQ also decreased the activation of astrocytes and microglia, which was accompanied by improved axonal integrity and neuronal cell count in the cortex. Therefore, we conclude that MitoQ has neuroprotective effects in a moderate open head CCI mouse model by decreasing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Haidar
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Maha Tabet
- Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department (MCD), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Sarin Mekhjian
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hala Darwish
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Mona Goli
- Chemistry and Bioehcmistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Deborah Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (D.S.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Jignesh D. Pandya
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (D.S.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Chemistry and Bioehcmistry Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Riyad El Khoury
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (R.E.K.); (K.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Kevin Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.K.); (K.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (C.B.); (S.M.); (H.D.)
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.K.); (K.W.); (F.K.)
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28
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Vike NL, Bari S, Stetsiv K, Walter A, Newman S, Kawata K, Bazarian JJ, Martinovich Z, Nauman EA, Talavage TM, Papa L, Slobounov SM, Breiter HC. A preliminary model of football-related neural stress that integrates metabolomics with transcriptomics and virtual reality. iScience 2022; 25:103483. [PMID: 35106455 PMCID: PMC8786649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests contact sports affect neurological health. This study used permutation-based mediation statistics to integrate measures of metabolomics, neuroinflammatory miRNAs, and virtual reality (VR)-based motor control to investigate multi-scale relationships across a season of collegiate American football. Fourteen significant mediations (six pre-season, eight across-season) were observed where metabolites always mediated the statistical relationship between miRNAs and VR-based motor control (pSobelperm≤ 0.05; total effect > 50%), suggesting a hypothesis that metabolites sit in the statistical pathway between transcriptome and behavior. Three results further supported a model of chronic neuroinflammation, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction: (1) Mediating metabolites were consistently medium-to-long chain fatty acids, (2) tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites decreased across-season, and (3) accumulated head acceleration events statistically moderated pre-season metabolite levels to directionally model post-season metabolite levels. These preliminary findings implicate potential mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight probable peripheral blood biomarkers underlying repetitive head impacts in otherwise healthy collegiate football athletes. Permutation-based mediation statistics can be applied to multi-scale biology problems Fatty acids were a critical link between elevated miRNAs and motor control HAEs interacted with pre-season metabolite levels to model post-season levels Together, our observations point to brain-related mitochondrial dysfunction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sumra Bari
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexa Walter
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric A Nauman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Linda Papa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Semyon M Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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29
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Siedhoff HR, Chen S, Song H, Cui J, Cernak I, Cifu DX, DePalma RG, Gu Z. Perspectives on Primary Blast Injury of the Brain: Translational Insights Into Non-inertial Low-Intensity Blast Injury. Front Neurol 2022; 12:818169. [PMID: 35095749 PMCID: PMC8794583 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.818169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) during military deployment or training are clinically "mild" and frequently caused by non-impact blast exposures. Experimental models were developed to reproduce the biological consequences of high-intensity blasts causing moderate to severe brain injuries. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of low-intensity blast (LIB)-induced neurological deficits have been understudied. This review provides perspectives on primary blast-induced mild TBI models and discusses translational aspects of LIB exposures as defined by standardized physical parameters including overpressure, impulse, and shock wave velocity. Our mouse LIB-exposure model, which reproduces deployment-related scenarios of open-field blast (OFB), caused neurobehavioral changes, including reduced exploratory activities, elevated anxiety-like levels, impaired nesting behavior, and compromised spatial reference learning and memory. These functional impairments associate with subcellular and ultrastructural neuropathological changes, such as myelinated axonal damage, synaptic alterations, and mitochondrial abnormalities occurring in the absence of gross- or cellular damage. Biochemically, we observed dysfunctional mitochondrial pathways that led to elevated oxidative stress, impaired fission-fusion dynamics, diminished mitophagy, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and compensated cell respiration-relevant enzyme activity. LIB also induced increased levels of total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β peptide, suggesting initiation of signaling cascades leading to neurodegeneration. We also compare translational aspects of OFB findings to alternative blast injury models. By scoping relevant recent research findings, we provide recommendations for future preclinical studies to better reflect military-operational and clinical realities. Overall, better alignment of preclinical models with clinical observations and experience related to military injuries will facilitate development of more precise diagnosis, clinical evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. Siedhoff
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shanyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ibolja Cernak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
| | - David X. Cifu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ralph G. DePalma
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
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30
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Houle S, Kokiko-Cochran ON. A Levee to the Flood: Pre-injury Neuroinflammation and Immune Stress Influence Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788055. [PMID: 35095471 PMCID: PMC8790486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that aging influences the brain's response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), setting the stage for neurodegenerative pathology like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This topic is often dominated by discussions of post-injury aging and inflammation, which can diminish the consideration of those same factors before TBI. In fact, pre-TBI aging and inflammation may be just as critical in mediating outcomes. For example, elderly individuals suffer from the highest rates of TBI of all severities. Additionally, pre-injury immune challenges or stressors may alter pathology and outcome independent of age. The inflammatory response to TBI is malleable and influenced by previous, coincident, and subsequent immune insults. Therefore, pre-existing conditions that elicit or include an inflammatory response could substantially influence the brain's ability to respond to traumatic injury and ultimately affect chronic outcome. The purpose of this review is to detail how age-related cellular and molecular changes, as well as genetic risk variants for AD affect the neuroinflammatory response to TBI. First, we will review the sources and pathology of neuroinflammation following TBI. Then, we will highlight the significance of age-related, endogenous sources of inflammation, including changes in cytokine expression, reactive oxygen species processing, and mitochondrial function. Heightened focus is placed on the mitochondria as an integral link between inflammation and various genetic risk factors for AD. Together, this review will compile current clinical and experimental research to highlight how pre-existing inflammatory changes associated with infection and stress, aging, and genetic risk factors can alter response to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Houle
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
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31
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Ren R, Sanford LD, Tang X. Blood transcriptome analysis: Ferroptosis and potential inflammatory pathways in post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:841999. [PMID: 36276334 PMCID: PMC9581323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome-wide analysis of peripheral blood in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicates widespread changes in immune-related pathways and function. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, is closely related to oxidative stress. However, little is known as to whether ferroptosis plays a role in PTSD. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of combined data from six independent peripheral blood transcriptional studies in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, covering PTSD and control individuals. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted by comparing PTSD patients with control individuals, from which 29 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were cross-matched and obtained. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model with Bayesian Optimization, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were utilized to construct a PTSD prediction model. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT revealed the disturbed immunologic state in PTSD high-risk patients. RESULTS Three crucial FRGs (ACSL4, ACO1, and GSS) were identified and used to establish a predictive model of PTSD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve verifies its risk prediction ability. Remarkably, ssGSEA and CIBERSORT demonstrated changes in cellular immunity and antigen presentation depending on the FRGs model. CONCLUSION These findings collectively provide evidence that ferroptosis may change immune status in PTSD and be related to the occurrence of PTSD, which may help delineate mechanisms and discover treatment biomarkers for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ren
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Shaw GA. Mitochondria as the target for disease related hormonal dysregulation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100350. [PMID: 34746877 PMCID: PMC8554460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role in the synthesis of steroid hormones, including the sex hormone estrogen. Sex-specific regulation of these hormones is important for phenotypic development and downstream, sex-specific activational effects in both brain and behavior. First, mitochondrial contribution to the synthesis of estrogen, followed by a discussion of the signaling interactions between estrogen and the mitochondria will be reviewed. Next, disorders with an established sex difference related to aging, mood, and cognition will be examined. Finally, review of mitochondria as a biomarker of disease and data supporting efforts in targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the amelioration of these disorders will be discussed. Taken together, this review aims to assess the influence of E2 on mitochondrial function within the brain via exploration of E2-ER interactions within neural mitochondria and how they may act to influence the development and presentation of neurodegenerative and neurocognitive diseases with known sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys A. Shaw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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33
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Ahluwalia M, Kumar M, Ahluwalia P, Rahimi S, Vender JR, Raju RP, Hess DC, Baban B, Vale FL, Dhandapani KM, Vaibhav K. Rescuing mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhages - A potential therapeutic approach. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105192. [PMID: 34560175 PMCID: PMC8542401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. Besides, regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, signal transmission, and the fate of cellular survival in case of injury and pathologies. Accumulating reports have suggested multiple roles of mitochondria in neuropathologies, neurodegeneration, and immune activation under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs at the initial phase of brain injury, involves oxidative stress, inflammation, deficits in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, transport, and autophagy. Thus, development of targeted therapeutics to protect mitochondria may improve functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction related to TBI and ICH, including the mechanisms involved, and discuss therapeutic approaches with special emphasis on past and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Scott Rahimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John R Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raghavan P Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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34
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Karakurt G, Whiting K, Jones SE, Lowe MJ, Rao SM. Brain Injury and Mental Health Among the Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case-Series Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:710602. [PMID: 34675836 PMCID: PMC8523682 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors frequently report face, head, and neck as their injury site. Many mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are undiagnosed or underreported among IPV survivors while these injuries may be linked to changes in brain function or pathology. TBI sustained due to IPV often occurs over time and ranges in severity. The aim of this case-series study was to explore risk factors, symptoms, and brain changes unique to survivors of intimate partner violence with suspicion of TBI. This case-series exploratory study examines the potential relationships among IPV, mental health issues, and TBI. Participants of this study included six women: 3 women with a history of IPV without any experience of concussive blunt force to the head, and 3 women with a history of IPV with concussive head trauma. Participants completed 7T MRI of the brain, self-report psychological questionnaires regarding their mental health, relationships, and IPV, and the Structured Clinical Interview. MRI scans were analyzed for cerebral hemorrhage, white matter disturbance, and cortical thinning. Results indicated significant differences in resting-state connectivity among survivors of partner violence as well as differences in relationship dynamics and mental health symptoms. White matter hyperintensities are also observed among the survivors. Developing guidelines and recommendations for TBI-risk screening, referrals, and appropriate service provision is crucial for the effective treatment of TBI-associated IPV. Early and accurate characterization of TBI in survivors of IPV may relieve certain neuropsychological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnur Karakurt
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kathleen Whiting
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen E. Jones
- Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark J. Lowe
- Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen M. Rao
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland, OH, United States
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35
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Balasubramanian N, Jadhav G, Sakharkar AJ. Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries perturb the mitochondrial biogenesis via DNA methylation in the hippocampus of rat. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:11-24. [PMID: 34508891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain is impaired in various neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). The long-lasting effects of TBI may be, in part, attributed to epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. However, the role of DNA methylation on regulatory elements of nuclear and mitochondrial genome in mitochondrial biogenesis is not known. We examined the epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and further probed its implications in mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus of rats subjected to repeated mild TBI (rMTBI) using weight drop injury paradigm. rMTBI-induced hypermethylation at TFAM promoter resulted in deficits in its protein levels in mitochondria after immediate (48 h) and protracted (30 d) time points. Further, rMTBI also caused hypomethylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) promoters (HSP1 and HSP2), which further culminated into low binding of TFAM. rMTBI-induced changes weakened mitochondrial biogenesis in terms of reduced mtDNA-encoded rRNA, mRNA, and protein levels leading to shortages of ATP. To verify the potential role of mtDNA methylation in rMTBI-induced persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, rMTBI-induced rats were treated with methionine, a methyl donor. Methionine treatment restored the methylation levels on HSP1 and HSP2 resulting in efficient binding of TFAM and normalized the rRNA, mRNA, and protein levels. These findings suggest the crucial role of DNA methylation at nuclear and mitochondrial promoter regions in mitochondrial gene expression and ATP activity in the hippocampus after rMTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouri Jadhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India.
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36
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Feng Y, Li K, Roth E, Chao D, Mecca CM, Hogan QH, Pawela C, Kwok WM, Camara AKS, Pan B. Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Impairs Cognition, Enhances Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity, and Reduces Pre-synaptic Mitochondrial Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:689334. [PMID: 34447298 PMCID: PMC8383341 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.689334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hurdle preventing effective interventions for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the lack of known mechanisms for the long-term cognitive impairment that follows mTBI. The closed head impact model of repeated engineered rotational acceleration (rCHIMERA), a non-surgical animal model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI), mimics key features of rmTBI in humans. Using the rCHIMERA in rats, this study was designed to characterize rmTBI-induced behavioral disruption, underlying electrophysiological changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Rats received 6 closed-head impacts over 2 days at 2 Joules of energy. Behavioral testing included automated analysis of behavior in open field and home-cage environments, rotarod test for motor skills, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning. Following rmTBI, rats spent less time grooming and less time in the center of the open field arena. Rats in their home cage had reduced inactivity time 1 week after mTBI and increased exploration time 1 month after injury. Impaired associative fear learning and memory in fear conditioning test, and reduced short-term memory in novel object recognition test were found 4 weeks after rmTBI. Single-unit in vivo recordings showed increased neuronal activity in the mPFC after rmTBI, partially attributable to neuronal disinhibition from reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission, possibly secondary to impaired mitochondrial function. These findings help validate this rat rmTBI model as replicating clinical features, and point to impaired mitochondrial functions after injury as causing imbalanced synaptic transmission and consequent impaired long-term cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Keguo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elizabeth Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dongman Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christina M Mecca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christopher Pawela
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Shah EJ, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Sex-Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Absence of Tau in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060917. [PMID: 34198629 PMCID: PMC8232113 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, are caused by a severe impact to the head that impairs physiological and psychological function. In addition to severity, type and brain area affected, brain injury outcome is also influenced by the biological sex of the patient. Traumatic brain injury triggers accumulation of Tau protein and the subsequent development of Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease and Chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Recent studies report differences in Tau network connections between healthy males and females, but the possible role of Tau in sex-dependent outcome to brain injury is unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine if Tau ablation would alleviate sex dependent outcomes in injured flies. We first assessed motor function and survival in tau knock-out flies and observed sex-differences in climbing ability, but no change in locomotor activity in either sex post-injury. Sex differences in survival time were also observed in injured tau deficient flies with a dramatically higher percent of female death within 24 h than males. Additionally, 3'mRNA-Seq studies in isolated fly brains found that tau deficient males show more gene transcript changes than females post-injury. Our results suggest that sex differences in TBI outcome and recovery are not dependent on the presence of Tau in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J. Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (D.M.R.)
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38
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Salman M, Kaushik P, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Melatonin Provides Neuroprotection Following Traumatic Brain Injury-Promoted Mitochondrial Perturbation in Wistar Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:765-781. [PMID: 32468441 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission has been implicated in the etiology of neuronal cell death in traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we examined the efficacy of melatonin (Mel) as a neuroprotective agent against TBI-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. We assessed the impact of Mel post-treatment (10 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.) at different time intervals in TBI-subjected Wistar rats. We found that the Mel treatment significantly attenuated brain edema, oxidative damage, mitochondrial fission, and promoted mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, Mel-treated rats showed restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation with a concomitant reduction in cytochrome-c release. Further, Mel treatment significantly inhibited the translocation of Bax and Drp1 proteins to mitochondria in TBI-subjected rats. The restorative role of Mel treatment in TBI rats was supported by the mitochondrial ultra-structural analysis, which showed activation of mitochondrial fusion mechanism. Mel enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulation of PGC-1α protein. Our results demonstrated the remedial role of Mel in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunctions that are modulated in TBI-subjected rats and provided support for mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection as a putative therapeutic agent in the brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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39
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Yapa NMB, Lisnyak V, Reljic B, Ryan MT. Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1184-1204. [PMID: 33742459 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In animals, mitochondria are mainly organised into an interconnected tubular network extending across the cell along a cytoskeletal scaffold. Mitochondrial fission and fusion, as well as distribution along cytoskeletal tracks, are counterbalancing mechanisms acting in concert to maintain a mitochondrial network tuned to cellular function. Balanced mitochondrial dynamics permits quality control of the network including biogenesis and turnover, and distribution of mitochondrial DNA, and is linked to metabolic status. Cellular and organismal health relies on a delicate balance between fission and fusion, and large rearrangements in the mitochondrial network can be seen in response to cellular insults and disease. Indeed, dysfunction in the major components of the fission and fusion machineries including dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitofusins 1 and 2 (MFN1, MFN2) and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) and ensuing imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics can lead to neurodegenerative disease. Altered mitochondrial dynamics is also seen in more common diseases. In this review, the machinery involved in mitochondrial dynamics and their dysfunction in disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethmi M B Yapa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Valerie Lisnyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Boris Reljic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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40
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Shah EJ, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Inhibiting Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Downregulates Gene Transcription After Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628777. [PMID: 33790803 PMCID: PMC8005633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) caused by a sudden impact to the head alter behavior and impair physical and cognitive function. Besides the severity, type and area of the brain affected, the outcome of TBI is also influenced by the patient’s biological sex. Previous studies reporting mitochondrial dysfunction mainly focused on exponential reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial dynamics as a key player in the outcome to brain injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a near-infrared (NIR) light exposure on gene expression in a Drosophila TBI model. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) of the electron transport chain to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, attenuate ROS generation, and apoptosis. We subjected w1118 male and female flies to TBI using a high-impact trauma (HIT) device and subsequently exposed the isolated fly brains to a COX-inhibitory wavelength of 750 nm for 2 hours (hr). Genome-wide 3′-mRNA-sequencing of fly brains revealed that injured w1118 females exhibit greater changes in transcription compared to males at 1, 2, and 4 hours (hr) after TBI. Inhibiting COX by exposure to NIR downregulates gene expression in injured females but has minimal effect in injured males. Our results suggest that mitochondrial COX modulation with NIR alters gene expression in Drosophila following TBI and the response to injury and NIR exposure varies by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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41
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Traumatic brain injury metabolome and mitochondrial impact after early stage Ru360 treatment. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:192-204. [PMID: 33484870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ru360, a mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor, was tested in a unilateral fluid percussion TBI model in developing rats (P31). Vehicle and Ru360 treated TBI rats underwent sensorimotor behavioral monitoring between 24 and 72 h, thereafter which 185 brain metabolites were analyzed postmortem using LC/MS. Ru360 treatment after TBI improved sensorimotor behavioral recovery, upregulated glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, mitigated oxidative stress and prevented NAD+ depletion across both hemispheres. While neural viability improved ipsilaterally, it reduced contralaterally. Ru360 treatment, overall, had a global impact with most benefit near the strongest injury impact areas, while perturbing mitochondrial oxidative energetics in the milder TBI impact areas.
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42
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Chen Y, Gong K, Xu Q, Meng J, Long T, Chang C, Wang Z, Liu W. Phosphoglycerate Mutase 5 Knockdown Alleviates Neuronal Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury Through Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:154-170. [PMID: 32253918 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction will provide important targets for preventing damage from neuronal insults. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is localized to the mitochondrial outer-inner membrane contact sites, and the PGAM5-Drp1 pathway is involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effects of PGAM5 on neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results: PGAM5 was overexpressed in mice subjected to TBI and in primary cortical neurons injured by mechanical equiaxial stretching. PGAM5 deficiency alleviated neuroinflammation, blocked Parkin, PINK1, and Drp1 translocation to mitochondria and abnormal phosphorylation of Drp1, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, and nerve malfunction in TBI mouse model. PGAM5-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) reduced Drp1 translocation and activation, including dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 (human Drp1 Ser616) and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643 (human Drp1 Ser637). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, the degree of mitochondrial impairment (mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP/ATP, AMP/ADP, antioxidant capacity), and neuronal injury in stretch-induced primary cortical neurons were reduced by blocking expression of PGAM5. The inhibition of PGAM5 is neuroprotective via attenuation of Drp1 activation, similar to that achieved by mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi1)-mediated Drp1 inhibition. Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the critical role of PGAM5 in progression of neuronal injury from TBI via Drp1 activation (dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. The data may open a window for developing new drugs to prevent the neuropathology of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
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43
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The Impact of Mitochondrial Fission-Stimulated ROS Production on Pro-Apoptotic Chemotherapy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010033. [PMID: 33418995 PMCID: PMC7825353 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the world's deadliest afflictions. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and surgical technologies, as well as improved treatments of some individual tumor types, there is currently no universal cure to prevent or impede the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells. Targeting tumors by inducing apoptosis is one of the pillars of cancer treatment. Changes in mitochondrial morphology precede intrinsic apoptosis, but mitochondrial dynamics has only recently been recognized as a viable pharmacological target. In many cancers, oncogenic transformation is accompanied by accumulation of elevated cellular levels of ROS leading to redox imbalance. Hence, a common chemotherapeutic strategy against such tumor types involves deploying pro-oxidant agents to increase ROS levels above an apoptotic death-inducing threshold. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the benefit of stimulating mitochondrial fission-dependent production of ROS for enhanced killing of solid tumors. The main question to be addressed is whether a sudden and abrupt change in mitochondrial shape toward the fragmented phenotype can be pharmacologically harnessed to trigger a burst of mitochondrial ROS sufficient to initiate apoptosis specifically in cancer cells but not in non-transformed healthy tissues.
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44
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. With advances in medical care, the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined. However, more children and adolescents are living with TBI-related cognitive and emotional impairments, which negatively affects the quality of their life. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in cognition and mood regulation. Alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI. Promoting endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI merits significant attention. However, TBI affects the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, which results in aberrant migration and impaired dendrite development of adult-born neurons. Therefore, a better understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI can facilitate a more successful neuro-restoration of damage in immature brains. Secondary injuries, such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, exert a significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis. Currently, a variety of therapeutic approaches have been proposed for ameliorating secondary TBI injuries. In this review, we discuss the uniqueness of pediatric TBI, adult hippocampal neurogenesis after pediatric TBI, and current efforts that promote neuroprotection to the developing brains, which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Justin Vu
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA
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45
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Battaglia CR, Cursano S, Calzia E, Catanese A, Boeckers TM. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) alters mitochondrial morphology and function by activating the NF-kB-DRP1 axis in hippocampal neurons. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1004. [PMID: 33230105 PMCID: PMC7683554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal stress-adaptation combines multiple molecular responses. We have previously reported that thorax trauma induces a transient loss of hippocampal excitatory synapses mediated by the local release of the stress-related hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Since a physiological synaptic activity relies also on mitochondrial functionality, we investigated the direct involvement of mitochondria in the (mal)-adaptive changes induced by the activation of neuronal CRH receptors 1 (CRHR1). We observed, in vivo and in vitro, a significant shift of mitochondrial dynamics towards fission, which correlated with increased swollen mitochondria and aberrant cristae. These morphological changes, which are associated with increased NF-kB activity and nitric oxide concentrations, correlated with a pronounced reduction of mitochondrial activity. However, ATP availability was unaltered, suggesting that neurons maintain a physiological energy metabolism to preserve them from apoptosis under CRH exposure. Our findings demonstrate that stress-induced CRHR1 activation leads to strong, but reversible, modifications of mitochondrial dynamics and morphology. These alterations are accompanied by bioenergetic defects and the reduction of neuronal activity, which are linked to increased intracellular oxidative stress, and to the activation of the NF-kB/c-Abl/DRP1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara R Battaglia
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Cursano
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. .,DZNE, Ulm site, Ulm, Germany.
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46
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Eyolfson E, Khan A, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:326. [PMID: 33121516 PMCID: PMC7597018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
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47
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Chakraborty N, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Miller SA, Condlin ML, Jett M, Scrimgeour AG. TBI weight-drop model with variable impact heights differentially perturbs hippocampus-cerebellum specific transcriptomic profile. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113516. [PMID: 33172833 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The degree of brain injury is the governing factor for the magnitude of the patient's psycho- and physiological deficits post-injury, and the associated long-term consequences. The present scaling method used to segregate the patients among mild, moderate and severe phases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has major limitations; however, a more continuous stratification of TBI is still elusive. With the anticipation that differentiating molecular markers could be the backbone of a robust method to triage TBI, we used a modified closed-head injury (CHI) Marmarou model with two impact heights (IH). By definition, IH directly correlates with the impact force causing TBI. In our modified CHI model, the rat skull was fitted with a helmet to permit a diffuse axonal injury. With the frontal cortex as the focal point of injury, the adjacent brain regions (hippocampus, HC and cerebellum, CB) were susceptible to diffuse secondary shock injury. At 8 days post injury (po.i.), rats impacted by 120 cm IH (IH120) took a longer time to find an escape route in the Barnes maze as compared to those impacted by 100 cm IH (IH100). Using a time-resolved interrogation of the transcriptomic landscape of HC and CB tissues, we mined those genes that altered their regulations in correlation with the variable IHs. At 14 days po.i., when all rats demonstrated nearly normal visuomotor performance, the bio-functional analysis suggested an advanced healing mechanism in the HC of IH100 group. In contrast, the HC of IH120 group displayed a delayed healing with evidence of active cell death networks. Combining whole genome rat microarrays with behavioral analysis provided the insight of neuroprotective signals that could be the foundation of the next generation triage for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Geneva Foundation, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America; Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America.
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America; ORISE, Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Condlin
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America
| | - Angus G Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg 42, Natick, MA 01760, United States of America
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48
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Tang S, Gao P, Chen H, Zhou X, Ou Y, He Y. The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590789. [PMID: 33100976 PMCID: PMC7545318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments. Iron overload and ferroptosis highly involved in the pathophysiological process of secondary brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death, as increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in cellular and neuronal damage. For this reason, eliminating factors like iron deposition and inhibiting lipid peroxidation may be a promising therapy. Iron chelators can be used to eliminate excess iron and to alleviate some of the clinical manifestations of TBI. In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of iron and ferroptosis involving the manifestations of TBI, broaden our understanding of the use of iron chelators for TBI. Through this review, we were able to better find novel clinical therapeutic directions for further TBI study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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49
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Bonilla-Mendoza CA, Garcia-Ballestas E, Pacheco-Hernandez A, Moscote-Salazar LR, Keni RR, Agrawal A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: Management Strategies. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractToday, traumatic brain injuries continue to be studied, increasingly investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the clinical presentation, severity, and possible sequelae, but despite this, the prognosis of these patients is sometimes poor. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises a series of reactions that contribute to the inflammatory process in these patients that have an impact on the prognosis, since it is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in secondary lesions after a traumatic brain injury; and therefore has opened a field of study in the search of possible biomolecular markers that allow us to establish a prognosis and prediction of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Columbia
| | - Alfonso Pacheco-Hernandez
- Fundación Centro Colombiano de Epilepsia y Enfermedades Neurologicas–FIRE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Columbia
| | - Luis-Rafael Moscote-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Columbia
| | - Ravish R. Keni
- Department of Neurology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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50
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Underwood E, Redell JB, Zhao J, Moore AN, Dash PK. A method for assessing tissue respiration in anatomically defined brain regions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13179. [PMID: 32764697 PMCID: PMC7413397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and function of brain cells requires uninterrupted ATP synthesis. Different brain structures subserve distinct neurological functions, and therefore have different energy production/consumption requirements. Typically, mitochondrial function is assessed following their isolation from relatively large amounts of starting tissue, making it difficult to ascertain energy production/failure in small anatomical locations. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed and optimized a method to measure mitochondrial function in brain tissue biopsy punches excised from anatomically defined brain structures, including white matter tracts. We describe the procedures for maintaining tissue viability prior to performing the biopsy punches, as well as provide guidance for optimizing punch size and the drug doses needed to assess various aspects of mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate that our method can be used to measure mitochondrial respiration in anatomically defined subfields within the rat hippocampus. Using this method, we present experimental results which show that a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI, often referred to as concussion) causes differential mitochondrial responses within these hippocampal subfields and the corpus callosum, novel findings that would have been difficult to obtain using traditional mitochondrial isolation methods. Our method is easy to implement and will be of interest to researchers working in the field of brain bioenergetics and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Underwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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