1
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Liu F, Bai X, Liu X, Sun H, Gao C, Lin Y, Xing P, Zhu J, Liu R, Wang Z, Dai J, Shi D. Design of Selective PARP-1 Inhibitors and Antitumor Studies. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38776379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Designing selective PARP-1 inhibitors has become a new strategy for anticancer drug development. By sequence comparison of PARP-1 and PARP-2, we identified a possible selective site (S site) consisting of several different amino acid residues of α-5 helix and D-loop. Targeting this S site, 140 compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized for their anticancer activities and mechanisms. Compound I16 showed the highest PARP-1 enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 12.38 ± 1.33 nM) and optimal selectivity index over PARP-2 (SI = 155.74). Oral administration of I16 (25 mg/kg) showed high inhibition rates of Hela and SK-OV-3 tumor cell xenograft models, both of which were higher than those of the oral positive drug Olaparib (50 mg/kg). In addition, I16 has an excellent safety profile, without significant toxicity at high oral doses. These findings provide a novel design strategy and chemotype for the development of safe, efficient, and highly selective PARP-1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chenxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Linghai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Jinan 250299, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Linghai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Jinan 250299, Shandong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith-Pillet ES, Billur R, Langelier MF, Talele TT, Pascal JM, Black BE. A PARP2-specific active site α-helix melts to permit DNA damage-induced enzymatic activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594972. [PMID: 38826291 PMCID: PMC11142140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PARP1 and PARP2 recognize DNA breaks immediately upon their formation, generate a burst of local PARylation to signal their location, and are co-targeted by all current FDA-approved forms of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used in the cancer clinic. Recent evidence indicates that the same PARPi molecules impact PARP2 differently from PARP1, raising the possibility that allosteric activation may also differ. We find that unlike for PARP1, destabilization of the autoinhibitory domain of PARP2 is insufficient for DNA damage-induced catalytic activation. Rather, PARP2 activation requires further unfolding of an active site α-helix absent in PARP1. Only one clinical PARPi, Olaparib, stabilizes the PARP2 active site α-helix, representing a structural feature with the potential to discriminate small molecule inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal unanticipated differences in local structure and changes in activation-coupled backbone dynamics between PARP1 and PARP2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Smith-Pillet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biophysics, Chemical Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140-6059 USA
| | - Ramya Billur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal Montréal, (Québec), H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - John M. Pascal
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal Montréal, (Québec), H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Ben E. Black
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biophysics, Chemical Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140-6059 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mekhaeil M, Conroy MJ, Dev KK. Elucidating the Therapeutic Utility of Olaparib in Sulfatide-Induced Human Astrocyte Toxicity and Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:592-609. [PMID: 37924373 PMCID: PMC10770269 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a severe demyelinating, autosomal recessive genetic leukodystrophy, with no curative treatment. The disease is underpinned by mutations in the arylsulfatase A gene (ARSA), resulting in deficient activity of this lysosomal enzyme, and consequential accumulation of galactosylceramide-3-O-sulfate (sulfatide) in the brain. Most of the effects in the brain have been attributed to the accumulation of sulfatides in oligodendrocytes and their cell damage. In contrast, less is known regarding sulfatide toxicity in astrocytes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are anti-cancer therapeutics that have proven efficacy in preclinical models of many neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, but have never been tested for MLD. Here, we examined the toxic effect of sulfatides on human astrocytes and restoration of this cell damage by the marketed PARP-1 inhibitor, Olaparib. Cultured human astrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of sulfatides (5-100 μM) with or without Olaparib (100 nM). Cell viability assays were used to ascertain whether sulfatide-induced toxicity was rescued by Olaparib. Immunofluorescence, calcium (Ca2+) imaging, ROS, and mitochondrial damage assays were also used to explore the effects of sulfatides and Olaparib. ELISAs were performed and chemotaxis of peripheral blood immune cells was measured to examine the effects of Olaparib on sulfatide-induced inflammation in human astrocytes. Here, we established a concentration-dependent (EC50∼20 μM at 24 h) model of sulfatide-induced astrocyte toxicity. Our data demonstrate that sulfatide-induced astrocyte toxicity involves (i) PARP-1 activation, (ii) pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and (iii) enhanced chemoattraction of peripheral blood immune cells. Moreover, these sulfatide-induced effects were attenuated by Olaparib (IC50∼100 nM). In addition, sulfatide caused impairments of ROS production, mitochondrial stress, and Ca2+ signaling in human astrocytes, that were indicative of metabolic alterations and that were also alleviated by Olaparib (100 nM) treatment. Our data support the hypothesis that sulfatides can drive astrocyte cell death and demonstrate that Olaparib can dampen many facets of sulfatide-induced toxicity, including, mitochondrial stress, inflammatory responses, and communication between human astrocytes and peripheral blood immune cells. These data are suggestive of potential therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors in the sphere of rare demyelinating diseases, and in particular MLD. Graphical abstract. Proposed mechanism of action of Olaparib in sulfatide-treated astrocytes. Human astrocytes treated for 24 h with sulfatides increase PARP-1 expression and die. PARP-1 overexpression is modulated by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, thus enhancing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. PARP-1 inhibition with Olaparib reduces Ca2+ influx and cell death. Olaparib also decreases IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and CX3CL1 release from sulfatide-stimulated astrocytes, suggesting that PARP-1 plays a role in dampening neuroinflammation in MLD. This is confirmed by the reduction of immune cell migration such as lymphocytes, NK cells, and T cells towards sulfatide-treated astrocytes. Moreover, mitochondrial stress and ROS production induced by sulfatides are rescued by PARP-1 inhibition. Future studies will focus on the signaling cascades triggered by PARP-1-mediated currents in reactive astrocytes and Olaparib as a potential therapeutic target for MLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mekhaeil
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Melissa Jane Conroy
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh Kumar Dev
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masci D, Naro C, Puxeddu M, Urbani A, Sette C, La Regina G, Silvestri R. Recent Advances in Drug Discovery for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:7513. [PMID: 38005235 PMCID: PMC10672974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer subtypes with a high risk of death on recurrence. To date, TNBC is very difficult to treat due to the lack of an effective targeted therapy. However, recent advances in the molecular characterization of TNBC are encouraging the development of novel drugs and therapeutic combinations for its therapeutic management. In the present review, we will provide an overview of the currently available standard therapies and new emerging therapeutic strategies against TNBC, highlighting the promises that newly developed small molecules, repositioned drugs, and combination therapies have of improving treatment efficacy against these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.U.)
| | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (C.S.)
- GSTeP-Organoids Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (A.U.)
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.N.); (C.S.)
- GSTeP-Organoids Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mekhaeil M, Conroy MJ, Dev KK. Olaparib Attenuates Demyelination and Neuroinflammation in an Organotypic Slice Culture Model of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1347-1368. [PMID: 37525026 PMCID: PMC10480139 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a severe demyelinating, autosomal recessive genetic leukodystrophy. The disease is underpinned by mutations in the arylsulfatase A gene (ARSA), resulting in deficient activity of the arylsulfatase A lysosomal enzyme and consequential accumulation of galactosylceramide-3-O-sulfate (sulfatide) in the brain. Using an ex vivo murine-derived organotypic cerebellar slice culture model, we demonstrate that sulfatide induces demyelination in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, our novel data demonstrate that sulfatide-induced demyelination is underpinned by PARP-1 activation, oligodendrocyte loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Moreover, such sulfatide-induced effects can be attenuated by the treatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitor Olaparib (IC50∼100 nM) suggesting that this small molecule may be neuroprotective and limit toxin-induced demyelination. Our data support the idea that sulfatide is a key driver of demyelination and neuroinflammation in MLD and suggest that PARP-1 inhibitors have therapeutic utility in the sphere of rare demyelinating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mekhaeil
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2 Ireland
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Melissa Jane Conroy
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Kumlesh Kumar Dev
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2 Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wooten J, Mavingire N, Damar K, Loaiza-Perez A, Brantley E. Triumphs and challenges in exploiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition to combat triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1625-1640. [PMID: 37042191 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulates a myriad of DNA repair mechanisms to preserve genomic integrity following DNA damage. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) confer synthetic lethality in malignancies with a deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) fail to respond to most targeted therapies because their tumors lack expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Certain patients with TNBC harbor mutations in HR mediators such as breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2), enabling them to respond to PARPi. PARPi exploits the synthetic lethality of BRCA-mutant cells. However, de novo and acquired PARPi resistance frequently ensue. In this review, we discuss the roles of PARP in mediating DNA repair processes in breast epithelial cells, mechanisms of PARPi resistance in TNBC, and recent advances in the development of agents designed to overcome PARPi resistance in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wooten
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Katherine Damar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Andrea Loaiza-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eileen Brantley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herrmann GK, Yin YW. The Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 in Nuclear and Mitochondrial Base Excision Repair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1195. [PMID: 37627260 PMCID: PMC10452840 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1), also known as ADP-ribosyl transferase with diphtheria toxin homology 1 (ARTD-1), is a critical player in DNA damage repair, during which it catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of self and target enzymes. While the nuclear localization of PARP-1 has been well established, recent studies also suggest its mitochondrial localization. In this review, we summarize the differences between mitochondrial and nuclear Base Excision Repair (BER) pathways, the involvement of PARP-1 in mitochondrial and nuclear BER, and its functional interplay with other BER enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Herrmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Y. Whitney Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li WH, Wang F, Song GY, Yu QH, Du RP, Xu P. PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198948. [PMID: 37351512 PMCID: PMC10283042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Purpose: To assess the current understanding of PARP-1 mechanisms in radioprotection and radiotherapy based on the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and summarized information on PARP inhibitors, the interaction of PARP-1 with DNA, and the relationships between PARP-1 and p53/ROS, NF-κB/DNA-PK, and caspase3/AIF, respectively. Results: The enzyme PARP-1 plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage and modifying proteins. Cells exposed to radiation can experience DNA damage, such as single-, intra-, or inter-strand damage. This damage, associated with replication fork stagnation, triggers DNA repair mechanisms, including those involving PARP-1. The activity of PARP-1 increases 500-fold on DNA binding. Studies on PARP-1-knockdown mice have shown that the protein regulates the response to radiation. A lack of PARP-1 also increases the organism's sensitivity to radiation injury. PARP-1 has been found positively or negatively regulate the expression of specific genes through its modulation of key transcription factors and other molecules, including NF-κB, p53, Caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of PARP-1 and examines the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors under conditions of ionizing radiation exposure. The review also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for developing PARP-1 inhibitors to improve the clinical outcomes of ionizing radiation damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Peng Du
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. The Role of NAD+, SIRTs Interactions in Stimulating and Counteracting Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097925. [PMID: 37175631 PMCID: PMC10178434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified oncological diseases as one of the most serious health concerns of the current century. Current research on oncogenesis is focused on the molecular mechanisms of energy-biochemical reprogramming in cancer cell metabolism, including processes contributing to the Warburg effect and the pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, a clear understanding of the interaction between NAD+, SIRTs in cancer development, as well as their effects on carcinogenesis, has not been established, and literature data vary greatly. This work aims to provide a summary and structure of the available information on NAD+, SIRTs interactions in both stimulating and countering carcinogenesis, and to discuss potential approaches for pharmacological modulation of these interactions to achieve an anticancer effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lerksuthirat T, Chitphuk S, Stitchantrakul W, Dejsuphong D, Malik AA, Nantasenamat C. PARP1pred: a web server for screening the bioactivity of inhibitors against DNA repair enzyme PARP-1. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:84-107. [PMID: 36814851 PMCID: PMC9939779 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in the mortality of more than 10 million people in 2020, according to Global Cancer Statistics 2020. A potential cancer therapy involves targeting the DNA repair process by inhibiting PARP-1. In this study, classification models were constructed using a non-redundant set of 2018 PARP-1 inhibitors. Briefly, compounds were described by 12 fingerprint types and built using the random forest algorithm concomitant with various sampling approaches. Results indicated that PubChem with an oversampling approach yielded the best performance, with a Matthews correlation coefficient > 0.7 while also affording interpretable molecular features. Moreover, feature importance, as determined from the Gini index, revealed that the aromatic/cyclic/heterocyclic moiety, nitrogen-containing fingerprints, and the ether/aldehyde/alcohol moiety were important for PARP-1 inhibition. Finally, our predictive model was deployed as a web application called PARP1pred and is publicly available at https://parp1pred.streamlitapp.com, allowing users to predict the biological activity of query compounds using their SMILES notation as the input. It is anticipated that the model described herein will aid in the discovery of effective PARP-1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Lerksuthirat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tassanee Lerksuthirat, Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, E-mail:
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasana Stitchantrakul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Donniphat Dejsuphong
- Program in Translational Medicine, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Excellence in Computational Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Discovery of novel compounds as potent activators of Sirt3. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:116999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Vogt S, Feijs K, Hosch S, De Masi R, Lintermann R, Loll B, Wirthmueller L. The superior salinity tolerance of bread wheat cultivar Shanrong No. 3 is unlikely to be caused by elevated Ta-sro1 poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4130-4137. [PMID: 35980152 PMCID: PMC9614482 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural and biochemical analyses demonstrate that the elevated salinity tolerance of bread wheat cultivar Shanrong No. 3 is unlikely to be caused by elevated Ta-sro1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vogt
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Karla Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hosch
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Raffaella De Masi
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ruth Lintermann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maluchenko N, Koshkina D, Korovina A, Studitsky V, Feofanov A. Interactions of PARP1 Inhibitors with PARP1-Nucleosome Complexes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213343. [PMID: 36359739 PMCID: PMC9658683 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors (PARPi) of poly(ADP-ribose-)polymerase-1 (PARP1) are used in antitumor therapy; their cytotoxicity correlates with the efficiency of PARP1 trapping in cell chromatin. Previous studies have demonstrated the PARPi-induced trapping of PARP1 on DNA, although details of the mechanism remain controversial. Here, the interactions of PARP1-nucleosome complexes with PARPi, olaparib (Ola), talazoparib (Tala), and veliparib (Veli) were studied. PARPi trap PARP1 on nucleosomes without affecting the structure of PARP1-nucleosome complexes. The efficiency of PARP1 trapping on nucleosomes increases in the order of Tala>Ola>>Veli, recapitulating the relative trapping efficiencies of PARPi in cells, but different from the relative potency of PARPi to inhibit the catalytic activity of PARP1. The efficiency of PARP1 trapping on nucleosomes correlates with the level of inhibition of auto-PARylation, which otherwise promotes the dissociation of PARP1-nucleosome complexes. The trapping efficiencies of Tala and Ola (but not Veli) are additionally modulated by the enhanced PARP1 binding to nucleosomes. The dissociation of PARP1-nucleosome complexes occurs without a loss of histones and leads to the restoration of the intact structure of nucleosomal DNA. The data suggest that the chromatin structure can considerably affect the efficiency of the PARPi action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Maluchenko
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Darya Koshkina
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 34/5 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Korovina
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Studitsky
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alexey Feofanov
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 34/5 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Targeting Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian Cancer with PARP Inhibitors: Synthetic Lethal Strategies That Impact Overall Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194621. [PMID: 36230543 PMCID: PMC9563432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Synthetic lethality approaches to cancer therapy involves combining events to cause cancer cell death. Using this strategy, major advances have occurred in the treatment of women with ovarian cancer who have defects in the Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) pathway. When the HRR pathway is defective, due to mutations or epigenetic changes in genes such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, cells can no longer accurately repair double strand breaks (DSBs). Capitalising on this weakness, pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that function to repair single strand breaks (SSBs) leads to synthetic lethality in cells with defective HRR. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) including olaparib, niraparib and rucaparib are approved for the clinical management of women with ovarian cancer. Understanding and overcoming issues of acquired resistance to PARPis, extending these strategies to benefit more patients and combining PARPis with other drugs, including immunotherapies, are of high priority in the field today. Abstract The advent of molecular targeted therapies has made a significant impact on survival of women with ovarian cancer who have defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR). High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common histological subtype of ovarian cancer, with over 50% displaying defective HRR. Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of ADP-ribose to target proteins, functioning in fundamental cellular processes including transcription, chromatin remodelling and DNA repair. In cells with deficient HRR, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) cause synthetic lethality leading to cell death. Despite the major advances that PARPis have heralded for women with ovarian cancer, questions and challenges remain, including: can the benefits of PARPis be brought to a wider range of women with ovarian cancer; can other drugs in clinical use function in a similar way or with greater efficacy than currently clinically approved PARPis; what can we learn from long-term responders to PARPis; can PARPis sensitise ovarian cancer cells to immunotherapy; and can synthetic lethal strategies be employed more broadly to develop new therapies for women with ovarian cancer. We examine these, and other, questions with focus on improving outcomes for women with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rouleau-Turcotte É, Krastev DB, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Pascal JM. Captured snapshots of PARP1 in the active state reveal the mechanics of PARP1 allostery. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2939-2951.e5. [PMID: 35793673 PMCID: PMC9391306 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 rapidly detects DNA strand break damage and allosterically signals break detection to the PARP1 catalytic domain to activate poly(ADP-ribose) production from NAD+. PARP1 activation is characterized by dynamic changes in the structure of a regulatory helical domain (HD); yet, there are limited insights into the specific contributions that the HD makes to PARP1 allostery. Here, we have determined crystal structures of PARP1 in isolated active states that display specific HD conformations. These captured snapshots and biochemical analysis illustrate HD contributions to PARP1 multi-domain and high-affinity interaction with DNA damage, provide novel insights into the mechanics of PARP1 allostery, and indicate how HD active conformations correspond to alterations in the catalytic region that reveal the active site to NAD+. Our work deepens the understanding of PARP1 catalytic activation, the dynamics of the binding site of PARP inhibitor compounds, and the mechanisms regulating PARP1 retention on DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élise Rouleau-Turcotte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dragomir B Krastev
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - John M Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Yang Y, Xu Q, Zhou H, Zhong F, Deng J, Zhang J, Li J. Crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human PARP15 in complex with small molecule inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:93-100. [PMID: 35843099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PARP15, or ARTD7, is an enzyme carrying out mono-ADP-ribosylation and regulating activities of a range of cellular proteins. This enzyme belongs to the family of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which comprises of proteins with various potential disease indications. Due to their involvement in a number of cellular processes and important role in DNA repair and regulation, PARPs have been considered attractive therapeutic targets over the past few years. The pursuit of small molecule PARP inhibitors has resulted in several FDA approved drugs for multiple cancers so far. As the use of PARP inhibitors as drug scaffolds is actively explored recently, there is increasing interest in the design of selective inhibitors based on the structural features of the PARP proteins. Here, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of the human PARP15 catalytic domain in complex with three marketed drugs of PARP inhibitors, which includes compounds 3-AB, iniparib and niraparib. The structures reported here contribute to our understanding of the ligand binding modes and structural features in the PARP15 catalytic domain, which can be employed to guide the rational design of selective inhibitors of PARPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Fanglin Zhong
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China; Jiangxi Jmerry Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shenzhen Crystalo Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518118, China; Jiangxi Jmerry Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nizi M, Maksimainen MM, Lehtiö L, Tabarrini O. Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Targeting Mono-ADP-Ribosylating PARPs with Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7532-7560. [PMID: 35608571 PMCID: PMC9189837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have recently defined functions for human mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes (mono-ARTs), also opening up potential applications for targeting them to treat diseases. Structural biology combined with medicinal chemistry has allowed the design of potent small molecule inhibitors which typically bind to the catalytic domain. Most of these inhibitors are at the early stages, but some have already a suitable profile to be used as chemical tools. One compound targeting PARP7 has even progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we collect inhibitors of mono-ARTs with a typical "H-Y-Φ" motif (Φ = hydrophobic residue) and focus on compounds that have been reported as active against one or a restricted number of enzymes. We discuss them from a medicinal chemistry point of view and include an analysis of the available crystal structures, allowing us to craft a pharmacophore model that lays the foundation for obtaining new potent and more specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Giulia Nizi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirko M. Maksimainen
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 5400 Oulu, Finland
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gan Y, Sha H, Zou R, Xu M, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wu J. Research Progress on Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferases in Human Cell Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864101. [PMID: 35652091 PMCID: PMC9149570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a well-established post-translational modification that is inherently connected to diverse processes, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling. The crucial roles of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs) in biological processes have been identified in recent years by the comprehensive use of genetic engineering, chemical genetics, and proteomics. This review provides an update on current methodological advances in the study of these modifiers. Furthermore, the review provides details on the function of mono ADP-ribosylation. Several mono-ARTs have been implicated in the development of cancer, and this review discusses the role and therapeutic potential of some mono-ARTs in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Gan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jifeng Feng,
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo L, Keyomarsi K. PARP inhibitors as single agents and in combination therapy: the most promising treatment strategies in clinical trials for BRCA-mutant ovarian and triple-negative breast cancers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:607-631. [PMID: 35435784 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2067527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are an exciting class of agents that have shown efficacy, particularly for BRCA-mutant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, most patients who receive PARPi as their standard of care therapy inevitably develop resistance and this underscores the need to identify additional targets that can circumvent such resistance. Combination treatment strategies have been developed in preclinical and clinical studies to address the challenges of efficacy and resistance. AREAS COVERED This review examines completed or ongoing clinical trials of PARPi mono- and combination therapies. PARPi monotherapy in HER2 negative breast (HR+ and TNBC subtypes) and ovarian cancer is a focal point. The authors propose potential strategies that might overcome resistance to PARPi and discuss key questions and future directions. EXPERT OPINION While the advent of PARPis has significantly improved the treatment of tumors with defects in DNA damage and repair pathways, careful patient selection will be essential to enhance these treatments. The identification of molecular biomarkers to predict disease response and progression is an endeavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Luo
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khasawneh MA, AlKaabi A, Samadi A, Antony P, Vijayan R, Ahmed Al-Keridis L, Saadeh HA, Abutaha N. Synthesis and Biological Applications of Some Novel 8-Hydroxyquinoline Urea and Thiourea Derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
22
|
Huang D, Kraus WL. The expanding universe of PARP1-mediated molecular and therapeutic mechanisms. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2315-2334. [PMID: 35271815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation) is a post-translational modification of proteins catalyzed by ADP-ribosyl transferase (ART) enzymes, including nuclear PARPs (e.g., PARP1 and PARP2). Historically, studies of ADPRylation and PARPs have focused on DNA damage responses in cancers, but more recent studies elucidate diverse roles in a broader array of biological processes. Here, we summarize the expanding array of molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of nuclear PARPs with a focus on PARP1, the founding member of the family. This includes roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation, gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, and RNA biology. We also present new concepts in PARP1-dependent regulation, including PAR-dependent post-translational modifications, "ADPR spray," and PAR-mediated biomolecular condensate formation. Moreover, we review advances in the therapeutic mechanisms of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as well as the progress on the mechanisms of PARPi resistance. Collectively, the recent progress in the field has yielded new insights into the expanding universe of PARP1-mediated molecular and therapeutic mechanisms in a variety of biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mashimo M, Kita M, Uno A, Nii M, Ishihara M, Honda T, Gotoh-Kinoshita Y, Nomura A, Nakamura H, Murayama T, Kizu R, Fujii T. Tankyrase Regulates Neurite Outgrowth through Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation-Dependent Activation of β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052834. [PMID: 35269974 PMCID: PMC8911479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins by transferring poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) to acceptor proteins by the action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Two tankyrase (TNKS) isoforms, TNK1 and TNK2 (TNKS1/2), are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and participate in diverse cellular functions, including wnt/β-catenin signaling, telomere maintenance, glucose metabolism and mitosis regulation. For wnt/β-catenin signaling, TNKS1/2 catalyze poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Axin, a key component of the β-catenin degradation complex, which allows Axin’s ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, thereby activating β-catenin signaling. In the present study, we focused on the functions of TNKS1/2 in neuronal development. In primary hippocampal neurons, TNKS1/2 were detected in the soma and neurites, where they co-localized with PAR signals. Treatment with XAV939, a selective TNKS1/2 inhibitor, suppressed neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. In addition, XAV939 also suppressed norepinephrine uptake in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. These effects likely resulted from the inhibition of β-catenin signaling through the stabilization of Axin, which suggests TNKS1/2 enhance Axin degradation by modifying its poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, thereby stabilizing wnt/β-catenin signaling and, in turn, promoting neurite outgrowth and synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mashimo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Momoko Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Arina Uno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Moe Nii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Moe Ishihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (T.H.); (H.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Yuka Gotoh-Kinoshita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (Y.G.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Atsuo Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (T.H.); (H.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (T.H.); (H.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Ryoichi Kizu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (Y.G.-K.); (R.K.)
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan; (M.K.); (A.U.); (M.N.); (M.I.); (A.N.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sowa ST, Lehtiö L. The zinc-binding motif in tankyrases is required for the structural integrity of the catalytic ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. Open Biol 2022; 12:210365. [PMID: 35317661 PMCID: PMC8941426 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tankyrases are ADP-ribosylating enzymes that regulate many physiological processes in the cell and are considered promising drug targets for cancer and fibrotic diseases. The catalytic ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of tankyrases contains a unique zinc-binding motif of unknown function. Recently, this motif was suggested to be involved in the catalytic activity of tankyrases. In this work, we set out to study the effect of the zinc-binding motif on the activity, stability and structure of human tankyrases. We generated mutants of human tankyrase (TNKS) 1 and TNKS2, abolishing the zinc-binding capabilities, and characterized the proteins biochemically and biophysically in vitro. We further generated a crystal structure of TNKS2, in which the zinc ion was oxidatively removed. Our work shows that the zinc-binding motif in tankyrases is a crucial structural element which is particularly important for the structural integrity of the acceptor site. While mutation of the motif rendered TNKS1 inactive, probably due to introduction of major structural defects, the TNKS2 mutant remained active and displayed an altered activity profile compared to the wild-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven T. Sowa
- Faculty for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiao F, Wang J, Chen H, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Dual-target inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 for cancer therapy: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114094. [PMID: 34998039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair, making it an essential target for cancer therapy. PARP1 inhibitors are widely used to treat BRCA-deficient malignancies, and six PARP inhibitors have been approved for clinical use. However, excluding the great clinical success of PARP inhibitors, the concomitant toxicity, drug resistance, and limited scope of application restrict their clinical efficacy. To find solutions to these problems, dual-target inhibitors have shown great potential. In recent years, several studies have linked PAPR1 to other primary cancer targets. Many dual-target inhibitors have been developed using structural fusion, linkage, or library construction methods, overcoming the defects of many single-target inhibitors of PARP1 and achieving great success in clinical cancer therapy. This review summarizes the advance of dual-target PARP1 inhibitors in recent years, focusing on their structural optimization process, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and in vitro or in vivo analysis results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fulun Jiao
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mekhaeil M, Dev KK, Conroy MJ. Existing Evidence for the Repurposing of PARP-1 Inhibitors in Rare Demyelinating Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030687. [PMID: 35158955 PMCID: PMC8833351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are successful cancer therapeutics that impair DNA repair machinery, leading to an accumulation of DNA damage and consequently cell death. The shared underlying mechanisms driving malignancy and demyelinating disease, together with the success of anticancer drugs as repurposed therapeutics, makes the repurposing of PARP-1 inhibitors for demyelinating diseases a worthy concept to consider. In addition, PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrate notable neuroprotective effects in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis which is considered the archetypical demyelinating disease. Abstract Over the past decade, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have arisen as a novel and promising targeted therapy for breast cancer gene (BRCA)-mutated ovarian and breast cancer patients. Therapies targeting the enzyme, PARP-1, have since established their place as maintenance drugs for cancer. Here, we present existing evidence that implicates PARP-1 as a player in the development and progression of both malignancy and demyelinating disease. These findings, together with the proven clinical efficacy and marketed success of PARP-1 inhibitors in cancer, present the repurposing of these drugs for demyelinating diseases as a desirable therapeutic concept. Indeed, PARP-1 inhibitors are noted to demonstrate neuroprotective effects in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease, further supporting the use of these drugs in demyelinating, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the potential for repurposing PARP-1 inhibitors, with a focus on rare demyelinating diseases. In particular, we address the possible use of PARP-1 inhibitors in examples of rare leukodystrophies, for which there are a paucity of treatment options and an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mekhaeil
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D18 DH50 Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (K.K.D.)
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D18 DH50 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh Kumar Dev
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D18 DH50 Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (K.K.D.)
| | - Melissa Jane Conroy
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D18 DH50 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
PARP Inhibitors and Haematological Malignancies-Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215328. [PMID: 34771492 PMCID: PMC8582507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PARP inhibitors are a class of orally active drugs that kill a range of cancer types by inducing synthetic lethality. The usefulness of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of haematological malignancies has begun to be explored in a variety of both pre-clinical models and human clinical trials. Despite being largely considered safe and well tolerated, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients following treatment with PARP inhibitors, raising concerns about their use. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits and risks for using PARP inhibitors as treatments for haematological malignancies. Abstract Since their introduction several years ago, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have become the standard of care for breast and gynaecological cancers with BRCA gene mutations. Given that PARPi act by exploiting defective DNA repair mechanisms within tumour cells, they should be ideally suited to combatting haematological malignancies where these pathways are notoriously defective, even though BRCA mutations are rare. To date, despite promising results in vitro, few clinical trials in humans for haematological malignancies have been performed, and additional investigation is required. Paradoxically, secondary haematological malignancies have arisen in patients after treatment with PARPi, raising concerns about their potential use as therapies for any blood or bone marrow-related disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence for and against treating individual haematological malignancies with approved and experimental PARPi. We conclude that the promise of effective treatment still exists, but remains limited by the lack of investigation into useful biomarkers unique to these malignancies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Johannes JW, Balazs A, Barratt D, Bista M, Chuba MD, Cosulich S, Critchlow SE, Degorce SL, Di Fruscia P, Edmondson SD, Embrey K, Fawell S, Ghosh A, Gill SJ, Gunnarsson A, Hande SM, Heightman TD, Hemsley P, Illuzzi G, Lane J, Larner C, Leo E, Liu L, Madin A, Martin S, McWilliams L, O'Connor MJ, Orme JP, Pachl F, Packer MJ, Pei X, Pike A, Schimpl M, She H, Staniszewska AD, Talbot V, Underwood E, Varnes JG, Xue L, Yao T, Zhang K, Zhang AX, Zheng X. Discovery of 5-{4-[(7-Ethyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1,5-naphthyridin-3-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}- N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide (AZD5305): A PARP1-DNA Trapper with High Selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2 and Other PARPs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14498-14512. [PMID: 34570508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have achieved regulatory approval in oncology for homologous recombination repair deficient tumors including BRCA mutation. However, some have failed in combination with first-line chemotherapies, usually due to overlapping hematological toxicities. Currently approved PARP inhibitors lack selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2 and some other 16 PARP family members, and we hypothesized that this could contribute to toxicity. Recent literature has demonstrated that PARP1 inhibition and PARP1-DNA trapping are key for driving efficacy in a BRCA mutant background. Herein, we describe the structure- and property-based design of 25 (AZD5305), a potent and selective PARP1 inhibitor and PARP1-DNA trapper with excellent in vivo efficacy in a BRCA mutant HBCx-17 PDX model. Compound 25 is highly selective for PARP1 over other PARP family members, with good secondary pharmacology and physicochemical properties and excellent pharmacokinetics in preclinical species, with reduced effects on human bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Johannes
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Amber Balazs
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Derek Barratt
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Michal Bista
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Matthew D Chuba
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sabina Cosulich
- Oncology Projects, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | | | - Sébastien L Degorce
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Scott D Edmondson
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kevin Embrey
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Oncology Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Avipsa Ghosh
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Sonja J Gill
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D Gothenburg, AstraZeneca, KJ2, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sudhir M Hande
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Tom D Heightman
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Paul Hemsley
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | | | - Jordan Lane
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Carrie Larner
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Lina Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Madin
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Scott Martin
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Lisa McWilliams
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Jonathan P Orme
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Martin J Packer
- Computational Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | - Xiaohui Pei
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Pike
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | | | - Hongyao She
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | - Verity Talbot
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 OWG, U.K
| | | | - Jeffrey G Varnes
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lin Xue
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Tieguang Yao
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Programmed cell death in aortic aneurysm and dissection: A potential therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:67-80. [PMID: 34597613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rupture of aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains a leading cause of death. Progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss is a crucial feature of AAD that contributes to aortic dysfunction and degeneration, leading to aortic aneurysm, dissection, and, ultimately, rupture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SMC loss and identifying pathways that promote SMC death in AAD are critical for developing an effective pharmacologic therapy to prevent aortic destruction and disease progression. Cell death is controlled by programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Although these pathways share common stimuli and triggers, each type of programmed cell death has unique features and activation pathways. A growing body of evidence supports a critical role for programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of AAD, and inhibitors of various types of programmed cell death represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the different types of programmed cell death pathways and their features, induction, contributions to AAD development, and therapeutic potential. We also highlight the clinical significance of programmed cell death for further studies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Sargazi S, Mukhtar M, Rahdar A, Barani M, Pandey S, Díez-Pascual AM. Active Targeted Nanoparticles for Delivery of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors: A Preliminary Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10319. [PMID: 34638660 PMCID: PMC8508934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized novel drug delivery strategies through establishing nanoscale drug carriers, such as niosomes, liposomes, nanomicelles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to their desirable cancer-targeting efficacy and controlled release, these nanotherapeutic modalities are broadly used in clinics to improve the efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members engage in various intracellular processes, including DNA repair, gene transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, cell division, and antioxidant response. PARP inhibitors are synthetic small-molecules that have emerged as one of the most successful innovative strategies for targeted therapy in cancer cells harboring mutations in DNA repair genes. Despite these advances, drug resistance and unwanted side effects are two significant drawbacks to using PARP inhibitors in the clinic. Recently, the development of practical nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems has tremendously improved the efficacy of PARP inhibitors. NPs can specifically accumulate in the leaky vasculature of the tumor and cancer cells and release the chemotherapeutic moiety in the tumor microenvironment. On the contrary, NPs are usually unable to permeate across the body's normal organs and tissues; hence the toxicity is zero to none. NPs can modify the release of encapsulated drugs based on the composition of the coating substance. Delivering PARP inhibitors without modulation often leads to the toxic effect; therefore, a delivery vehicle is essential to encapsulate them. Various nanocarriers have been exploited to deliver PARP inhibitors in different cancers. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the most innovative advances in applying PARP inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Mahwash Mukhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Sadanad Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; or
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schuller M, Butler RE, Ariza A, Tromans-Coia C, Jankevicius G, Claridge TDW, Kendall SL, Goh S, Stewart GR, Ahel I. Molecular basis for DarT ADP-ribosylation of a DNA base. Nature 2021; 596:597-602. [PMID: 34408320 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases use NAD+ to catalyse substrate ADP-ribosylation1, and thereby regulate cellular pathways or contribute to toxin-mediated pathogenicity of bacteria2-4. Reversible ADP-ribosylation has traditionally been considered a protein-specific modification5, but recent in vitro studies have suggested nucleic acids as targets6-9. Here we present evidence that specific, reversible ADP-ribosylation of DNA on thymidine bases occurs in cellulo through the DarT-DarG toxin-antitoxin system, which is found in a variety of bacteria (including global pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)10. We report the structure of DarT, which identifies this protein as a diverged member of the PARP family. We provide a set of high-resolution structures of this enzyme in ligand-free and pre- and post-reaction states, which reveals a specialized mechanism of catalysis that includes a key active-site arginine that extends the canonical ADP-ribosyltransferase toolkit. Comparison with PARP-HPF1, a well-established DNA repair protein ADP-ribosylation complex, offers insights into how the DarT class of ADP-ribosyltransferases evolved into specific DNA-modifying enzymes. Together, our structural and mechanistic data provide details of this PARP family member and contribute to a fundamental understanding of the ADP-ribosylation of nucleic acids. We also show that thymine-linked ADP-ribose DNA adducts reversed by DarG antitoxin (functioning as a noncanonical DNA repair factor) are used not only for targeted DNA damage to induce toxicity, but also as a signalling strategy for cellular processes. Using M. tuberculosis as an exemplar, we show that DarT-DarG regulates growth by ADP-ribosylation of DNA at the origin of chromosome replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel E Butler
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Antonio Ariza
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gytis Jankevicius
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sharon L Kendall
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Disease, Pathology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Shan Goh
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Disease, Pathology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Graham R Stewart
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reber JM, Mangerich A. Why structure and chain length matter: on the biological significance underlying the structural heterogeneity of poly(ADP-ribose). Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8432-8448. [PMID: 34302489 PMCID: PMC8421145 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a multifaceted post-translational modification, carried out by poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferases (poly-ARTs, PARPs), which play essential roles in (patho-) physiology, as well as cancer therapy. Using NAD+ as a substrate, acceptors, such as proteins and nucleic acids, can be modified with either single ADP-ribose units or polymers, varying considerably in length and branching. Recently, the importance of PAR structural heterogeneity with regards to chain length and branching came into focus. Here, we provide a concise overview on the current knowledge of the biochemical and physiological significance of such differently structured PAR. There is increasing evidence revealing that PAR’s structural diversity influences the binding characteristics of its readers, PAR catabolism, and the dynamics of biomolecular condensates. Thereby, it shapes various cellular processes, such as DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation. Contrary to the knowledge on the consequences of PAR’s structural diversity, insight into its determinants is just emerging, pointing to specific roles of different PARP members and accessory factors. In the future, it will be interesting to study the interplay with other post-translational modifications, the contribution of natural PARP variants, and the regulatory role of accessory molecules. This has the exciting potential for new therapeutic approaches, with the targeted modulation and tuning of PARPs’ enzymatic functions, rather than their complete inhibition, as a central premise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Reber
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cai D, Liu Z, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Biomolecular Condensates and Their Links to Cancer Progression. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:535-549. [PMID: 33579564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged in recent years as an important physicochemical process for organizing diverse processes within cells via the formation of membraneless organelles termed biomolecular condensates. Emerging evidence now suggests that the formation and regulation of biomolecular condensates are also intricately linked to cancer formation and progression. We review the most recent literature linking the existence and/or dissolution of biomolecular condensates to different hallmarks of cancer formation and progression. We then discuss the opportunities that this condensate perspective provides for cancer research and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, including the perturbation of condensates by small-molecule inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Cai
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Spiegel JO, Van Houten B, Durrant JD. PARP1: Structural insights and pharmacological targets for inhibition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103125. [PMID: 33940558 PMCID: PMC8206044 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, also known as ADPRT1) is a multifunctional human ADP-ribosyltransferase. It plays a role in multiple DNA repair pathways, including the base excision repair (BER), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and Okazaki-fragment processing pathways. In response to DNA strand breaks, PARP1 covalently attaches ADP-ribose moieties to arginine, glutamate, aspartate, cysteine, lysine, and serine acceptor sites on both itself and other proteins. This signal recruits DNA repair proteins to the site of DNA damage. PARP1 binding to these sites enhances ADP-ribosylation via allosteric communication between the distant DNA binding and catalytic domains. In this review, we provide a general overview of PARP1 and emphasize novel potential approaches for pharmacological inhibition. Clinical PARP1 inhibitors bind the catalytic pocket, where they directly interfere with ADP-ribosylation. Some inhibitors may further enhance potency by "trapping" PARP1 on DNA via an allosteric mechanism, though this proposed mode of action remains controversial. PARP1 inhibitors are used clinically to treat some cancers, but resistance is common, so novel pharmacological approaches are urgently needed. One approach may be to design novel small molecules that bind at inter-domain interfaces that are essential for PARP1 allostery. To illustrate these points, this review also includes instructive videos showing PARP1 structures and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob O Spiegel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jacob D Durrant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Beek L, McClay É, Patel S, Schimpl M, Spagnolo L, Maia de Oliveira T. PARP Power: A Structural Perspective on PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 in DNA Damage Repair and Nucleosome Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105112. [PMID: 34066057 PMCID: PMC8150716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) 1-3 are well-known multi-domain enzymes, catalysing the covalent modification of proteins, DNA, and themselves. They attach mono- or poly-ADP-ribose to targets using NAD+ as a substrate. Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is central to the important functions of PARP enzymes in the DNA damage response and nucleosome remodelling. Activation of PARP happens through DNA binding via zinc fingers and/or the WGR domain. Modulation of their activity using PARP inhibitors occupying the NAD+ binding site has proven successful in cancer therapies. For decades, studies set out to elucidate their full-length molecular structure and activation mechanism. In the last five years, significant advances have progressed the structural and functional understanding of PARP1-3, such as understanding allosteric activation via inter-domain contacts, how PARP senses damaged DNA in the crowded nucleus, and the complementary role of histone PARylation factor 1 in modulating the active site of PARP. Here, we review these advances together with the versatility of PARP domains involved in DNA binding, the targets and shape of PARylation and the role of PARPs in nucleosome remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Beek
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Éilís McClay
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QQ, UK;
| | - Saleha Patel
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK;
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Laura Spagnolo
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Campus, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.M.d.O.)
| | - Taiana Maia de Oliveira
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK; (L.v.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.M.d.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh M, Rajawat J, Kuldeep J, Shukla N, Mishra DP, Siddiqi MI. Integrated support vector machine and pharmacophore based virtual screening driven identification of thiophene carboxamide scaffold containing compound as potential PARP1 inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8494-8507. [PMID: 33950778 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1913229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibition strategy for cancer treatment is gaining advantage particularly in patients having a mutation in BRCA1/BRCA2 gene. To date, four drugs have obtained FDA approval and some inhibitors are in clinical trials. To identify more potent PARP1 inhibitors extensive research is going on to enrich the library of PARP1 inhibitors with compounds belonging to different classes. We employed an integrated virtual screening approach to identify potential PARP1 inhibitors. The sequential support vector machine (SVM) and pharmacophore model based virtual screening was carried out on the Maybridge library. The obtained hits were docked in the binding site of the PARP1 catalytic domain and nine drug-like compounds showing good ADME properties and form critical molecular interactions with the binding site residues were considered for the in vitro PARP1 inhibition assay. MD simulations were performed to decipher the stability of the PARP1-ligand complexes. Hydrogen bond interactions were also probed for their stability during MD simulations. We have identified three compounds (BTB02767, GK01172, and KM09200) showing 50% inhibition of PARP1 enzyme activity at 25 μM. BTB02767 and KM09200 have phthalazinone scaffold, while GK01172 bears a thiophene carboxamide scaffold, which could be a new chemotype of PARP1 inhibitors. In conclusion, GK01172 may serve as an important compound for further development of PARP1 inhibitors containing thiophene carboxamide scaffold.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Singh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Jyotika Rajawat
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Jitendra Kuldeep
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Challa S, Stokes MS, Kraus WL. MARTs and MARylation in the Cytosol: Biological Functions, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2021; 10:313. [PMID: 33546365 PMCID: PMC7913519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation) is a regulatory post-translational modification of proteins that controls their functions through a variety of mechanisms. MARylation is catalyzed by mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase (MART) enzymes, a subclass of the poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. Although the role of PARPs and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) in cellular pathways, such as DNA repair and transcription, is well studied, the role of MARylation and MARTs (i.e., the PARP 'monoenzymes') are not well understood. Moreover, compared to PARPs, the development of MART-targeted therapeutics is in its infancy. Recent studies are beginning to shed light on the structural features, catalytic targets, and biological functions of MARTs. The development of new technologies to study MARTs have uncovered essential roles for these enzymes in the regulation of cellular processes, such as RNA metabolism, cellular transport, focal adhesion, and stress responses. These insights have increased our understanding of the biological functions of MARTs in cancers, neuronal development, and immune responses. Furthermore, several novel inhibitors of MARTs have been developed and are nearing clinical utility. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of MARTs and MARylation, as well as recent advances in technology that have enabled detection and inhibition of their activity. We emphasize PARP-7, which is at the forefront of the MART subfamily with respect to understanding its biological roles and the development of therapeutically useful inhibitors. Collectively, the available studies reveal a growing understanding of the biochemistry, chemical biology, physiology, and pathology of MARTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Challa
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - MiKayla S. Stokes
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Genetics, Development, and Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Genetics, Development, and Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Arakelyan A, Melkonyan A, Hakobyan S, Boyarskih U, Simonyan A, Nersisyan L, Nikoghosyan M, Filipenko M, Binder H. Transcriptome Patterns of BRCA1- and BRCA2- Mutated Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1266. [PMID: 33525353 PMCID: PMC7865215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are known risk factors and drivers of breast and ovarian cancers. So far, few studies have been focused on understanding the differences in transcriptome and functional landscapes associated with the disease (breast vs. ovarian cancers), gene (BRCA1 vs. BRCA2), and mutation type (germline vs. somatic). In this study, we were aimed at systemic evaluation of the association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline and somatic mutations with gene expression, disease clinical features, outcome, and treatment. We performed BRCA1/2 mutation centered RNA-seq data analysis of breast and ovarian cancers from the TCGA repository using transcriptome and phenotype "portrayal" with multi-layer self-organizing maps and functional annotation. The results revealed considerable differences in BRCA1- and BRCA2-dependent transcriptome landscapes in the studied cancers. Furthermore, our data indicated that somatic and germline mutations for both genes are characterized by deregulation of different biological functions and differential associations with phenotype characteristics and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitor gene signatures. Overall, this study demonstrates considerable variation in transcriptomic landscapes of breast and ovarian cancers associated with the affected gene (BRCA1 vs. BRCA2), as well as the mutation type (somatic vs. germline). These results warrant further investigations with larger groups of mutation carriers aimed at refining the understanding of molecular mechanisms of breast and ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Arakelyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Melkonyan
- Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia;
| | - Siras Hakobyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Uljana Boyarskih
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (U.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Arman Simonyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Nikoghosyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (L.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (U.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu S, Tang C. The Role of ARID1A in Tumors: Tumor Initiation or Tumor Suppression? Front Oncol 2021; 11:745187. [PMID: 34671561 PMCID: PMC8521028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding subunits of SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are collectively mutated in 20% of all human cancers, among which the AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A, also known as BAF250a, B120, C1orf4, Osa1) that encodes protein ARID1A is the most frequently mutated, and mutations in ARID1A have been found in various types of cancer. ARID1A is thought to play a significant role both in tumor initiation and in tumor suppression, which is highly dependent upon context. Recent molecular mechanistic research has revealed that ARID1A participates in tumor progression through its effects on control of cell cycle, modulation of cellular functions such as EMT, and regulation of various signaling pathways. In this review, we synthesize a mechanistic understanding of the role of ARID1A in human tumor initiation as well as in tumor suppression and further discuss the implications of these new discoveries for potential cancer intervention. We also highlight the mechanisms by which mutations affecting the subunits in SWI/SNF complexes promote cancer.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ryan K, Bolaňos B, Smith M, Palde PB, Cuenca PD, VanArsdale TL, Niessen S, Zhang L, Behenna D, Ornelas MA, Tran KT, Kaiser S, Lum L, Stewart A, Gajiwala KS. Dissecting the molecular determinants of clinical PARP1 inhibitor selectivity for tankyrase1. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100251. [PMID: 33361107 PMCID: PMC7948648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases play a critical role in DNA repair and cell death, and poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a particularly important therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer because of its synthetic lethal relationship with breast cancer susceptibility proteins 1 and 2. Numerous PARP1 inhibitors have been developed, and their efficacy in cancer treatment is attributed to both the inhibition of enzymatic activity and their ability to trap PARP1 on to the damaged DNA, which is cytotoxic. Of the clinical PARP inhibitors, talazoparib is the most effective at trapping PARP1 on damaged DNA. Biochemically, talazoparib is also suspected to be a potent inhibitor of PARP5a/b (tankyrase1/2 [TNKS1/2]), which is an important regulator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here we show using competition experiments in cell lysate that, at a clinically relevant concentration, talazoparib can potentially bind and engage TNKS1. Using surface plasmon resonance, we measured the dissociation constants of talazoparib, olaparib, niraparib, and veliparib for their interaction with PARP1 and TNKS1. The results show that talazoparib has strong affinity for PARP1 as well as uniquely strong affinity for TNKS1. Finally, we used crystallography and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectroscopy to dissect the molecular mechanism of differential selectivity of these PARP1 inhibitors. From these data, we conclude that subtle differences between the ligand-binding sites of PARP1 and TNKS1, differences in the electrostatic nature of the ligands, protein dynamics, and ligand conformational energetics contribute to the different pharmacology of these PARP1 inhibitors. These results will help in the design of drugs to treat Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related cancers, such as colorectal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ryan
- Structural Biology and Protein Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ben Bolaňos
- Structural Biology and Protein Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marissa Smith
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Prakash B Palde
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Paulina Delgado Cuenca
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Todd L VanArsdale
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lianglin Zhang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Douglas Behenna
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Khanh T Tran
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephen Kaiser
- Structural Biology and Protein Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Lum
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Al Stewart
- Structural Biology and Protein Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ketan S Gajiwala
- Structural Biology and Protein Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qian P, Mu XT, Su B, Gao L, Zhang DF. Identification of the anti-breast cancer targets of triterpenoids in Liquidambaris Fructus and the hints for its traditional applications. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:369. [PMID: 33246450 PMCID: PMC7694930 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquidambaris Fructus is the infructescences of Liquidambar formosana Hance and it has been used to treat some breast disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the previous study we found the anti-breast cancer effect of triterpenoid in Liquidambaris Fructus. This study is a further investigation of the triterpenoids in Liquidambaris Fructus and aims to identify their anti-breast cancer targets, meanwhile, to estimate the rationality of the traditional applications of Liquidambaris Fructus. METHODS Triterpenoids in Liquidambaris Fructus were isolated and their structures were identified by NMR spectrums. Potential targets of these triterpenoids were predicted using a reverse pharmacophore mapping strategy. Associations between these targets and the therapeutic targets of breast cancer were analyzed by constructing protein-protein interaction network, and targets played important roles in the network were identified using Molecular Complex Detection method. Binding affinity between the targets and triterpenoids was studied using molecular docking method. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was conducted to reveal the biological process and signaling pathways that the identified targets were involved in. RESULTS Thirteen triterpenoids were identified and 6 of them were the first time isolated from Liquidambaris Fructus. Predicted ADME properties revealed a good druggability of these triterpenoids. We identified 18 protein targets which were closely related to breast cancer progression, especially triple-negative, basal-like or advanced stage breast cancers. The triterpenoids could bind with these targets as their inhibitors: hydrophobic skeleton is a favorable factor for them to stabilize at binding site and polar C17- or C3- substituent was necessary for binding. GO enrichment analysis indicated that inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases autophosphorylation might be the primary mechanism for the anti-breast cancer effect of the triterpenoids, and ErbB4 and EGFR were the most relevant targets. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that triterpenoids from Liquidambaris Fructus might exert anti-breast cancer effect by directly inhibit multiple protein targets and signaling pathways, especially ErbB4 and EGFR and related pathways. This study also brings up another hint that the traditional applications of Liquidambaris Fructus on hypogalactia should be reassessed systematically because it might suppress rather than promote lactation by inhibiting the activity of ErbB4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Mu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Taipakova S, Kuanbay A, Saint-Pierre C, Gasparutto D, Baiken Y, Groisman R, Ishchenko AA, Saparbaev M, Bissenbaev AK. The Arabidopsis thaliana Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases 1 and 2 Modify DNA by ADP-Ribosylating Terminal Phosphate Residues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:606596. [PMID: 33324653 PMCID: PMC7726343 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.606596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins from the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, such as PARP1 and PARP2, use NAD+ as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of polymeric chains consisting of ADP-ribose units covalently attached to an acceptor molecule. PARP1 and PARP2 are viewed as DNA damage sensors that, upon binding to strand breaks, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate themselves and nuclear acceptor proteins. The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains three genes encoding homologs of mammalian PARPs: atPARP1, atPARP2, and atPARP3. Both atPARP1 and atPARP2 contain poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating activity; however, it is unknown whether they could covalently modify DNA by ADP-ribosylating the strand break termini. Here, we report that similar to their mammalian counterparts, the plant atPARP1 and atPARP2 proteins ADP-ribosylate 5′-terminal phosphate residues in duplex DNA oligonucleotides and plasmid containing at least two closely spaced DNA strand breaks. AtPARP1 preferentially catalyzes covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units to the ends of recessed DNA duplexes containing 5′-phosphate, whereas atPARP2 preferentially ADP-ribosylates the nicked and gapped DNA duplexes containing the terminal 5′-phosphate. Similar to their mammalian counterparts, the plant PARP-catalyzed DNA ADP-ribosylation is particularly sensitive to the distance that separates two strand breaks in the same DNA molecule, 1.5 and 1 or 2 turns of helix for atPARP1 and atPARP2, respectively. PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) restored native DNA structure by hydrolyzing the PAR–DNA adducts generated by atPARPs. Biochemical and mass spectrometry analyses of the PAR–DNA adducts showed that atPARPs utilize phosphorylated DNA termini as an alternative to protein acceptor residues to catalyze PAR chain synthesis via phosphodiester bond formation between C1′ of ADP-ribose and a phosphate residue of the terminal nucleotide in DNA fragment. Taken together, these data establish the presence of a new type of DNA-modifying activity in Arabidopsis PARPs, suggesting a possible role of DNA ADP-ribosylation in DNA damage signaling and repair of terrestrial plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Taipakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Kuanbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Groupe «Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis», Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Didier Gasparutto
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG/SyMMES-UMR 5819/CREAB, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yeldar Baiken
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Regina Groisman
- Groupe «Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis», Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Groupe «Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis», Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Murat Saparbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Groupe «Mechanisms of DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis», Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2016, CNRS UMR 9019, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Amangeldy K Bissenbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shao Z, Lee BJ, Rouleau-Turcotte É, Langelier MF, Lin X, Estes VM, Pascal JM, Zha S. Clinical PARP inhibitors do not abrogate PARP1 exchange at DNA damage sites in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9694-9709. [PMID: 32890402 PMCID: PMC7515702 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA breaks recruit and activate PARP1/2, which deposit poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) to recruit XRCC1-Ligase3 and other repair factors to promote DNA repair. Clinical PARP inhibitors (PARPi) extend the lifetime of damage-induced PARP1/2 foci, referred to as ‘trapping’. To understand the molecular nature of ‘trapping’ in cells, we employed quantitative live-cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching. Unexpectedly, we found that PARP1 exchanges rapidly at DNA damage sites even in the presence of clinical PARPi, suggesting the persistent foci are not caused by physical stalling. Loss of Xrcc1, a major downstream effector of PAR, also caused persistent PARP1 foci without affecting PARP1 exchange. Thus, we propose that the persistent PARP1 foci are formed by different PARP1 molecules that are continuously recruited to and exchanging at DNA lesions due to attenuated XRCC1-LIG3 recruitment and delayed DNA repair. Moreover, mutation analyses of the NAD+ interacting residues of PARP1 showed that PARP1 can be physically trapped at DNA damage sites, and identified H862 as a potential regulator for PARP1 exchange. PARP1-H862D, but not PARylation-deficient PARP1-E988K, formed stable PARP1 foci upon activation. Together, these findings uncovered the nature of persistent PARP1 foci and identified NAD+ interacting residues involved in the PARP1 exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Shao
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Élise Rouleau-Turcotte
- Université de Montréal, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Université de Montréal, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Verna M Estes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - John M Pascal
- Université de Montréal, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lal S, Snape TJ. A therapeutic update on PARP inhibitors: implications in the treatment of glioma. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:532-541. [PMID: 33157194 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most aggressive and devastating. Further, due to unavailability of neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons, the specialized treatment options of CNS cancers are still not completely available in most parts of the world. Among various strategies of inducing death in cancer cells, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has emerged as a beneficial therapy when combined with other anticancer agents. In this review, we provide a detailed therapeutic update of PARP inhibitors that have shown clinical activity against glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Lal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India.
| | - Timothy J Snape
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gong H, Nie D, Huang Y, Li Z. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor regimens for ovarian cancer in phase III randomized controlled trials: a network meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:1576-1582. [PMID: 32817083 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to evaluate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) regimens in BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer for patients responsive to front-line platinum (bevacizumab and olaparib, veliparib and chemotherapy, olaparib) or platinum-sensitive relapsed (olaparib, rucaprib, niraparib) patients in phase III randomized controlled trials. METHODS A network meta-analysis was utilized to generate the direct and indirect comparisons. The primary outcomes for network meta-analysis were efficacy (hazard ratios for progression-free survival in BRCA mutation cohort) and toxicity (odds ratios for all grade 3-4 adverse events). The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) value framework was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the PARPi regimens. RESULTS Network meta-analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in efficacy and toxicity among the assessed upfront or relapsed PARPi regimens (95% CI included 1). The ASCO value framework indicated that current PARPi regimens were similar in clinical benefits, toxicity, and net health benefit in the upfront (bevacizumab and olaparib, veliparib and chemotherapy, olaparib) and relapsed setting (olaparib, rucaprib, niraparib). The addition of bevacizumab to olaparib ($353.72) increased the cost per unit net health benefit for patients compared with olaparib monotherapy ($260.57). The upfront PARPi regimens had lower toxic scores than the regimens used at relapse. CONCLUSIONS The choice of PARPi regimens both in the upfront and relapsed setting should consider not only efficacy and toxicity but also costs in BRCA mutation patients. Current combining PARPi regimens are not recommended for such patients in the upfront setting from the cost-effective perspective. Upfront PARPi regimens are less toxic than those used at relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bouberhan S, Philp L, Hill S, Al-Alem LF, Rueda B. Exploiting the Prevalence of Homologous Recombination Deficiencies in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1206. [PMID: 32403357 PMCID: PMC7281458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic cancer in the United States. Genomic analysis revealed roughly half of HGSOC display homologous repair deficiencies. An improved understanding of the genomic and somatic mutations that influence DNA repair led to the development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review, we explore the preclinical and clinical studies that led to the development of FDA approved drugs that take advantage of the synthetic lethality concept, the implementation of the early phase trials, the development of companion diagnostics and proposed mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bouberhan
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Philp
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linah F. Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Rueda
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Krüger A, Bürkle A, Hauser K, Mangerich A. Real-time monitoring of PARP1-dependent PARylation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2174. [PMID: 32358582 PMCID: PMC7195430 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a fully reversible post-translational modification with key roles in cellular physiology. Due to the multi-domain structure of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and the highly dynamic nature of the PARylation reaction, studies on the biochemical mechanism and structural dynamics remain challenging. Here, we report label-free, time-resolved monitoring of PARP1-dependent PARylation using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. This includes PARP1 activation by binding to DNA strand break models, NAD+ substrate binding, PAR formation, and dissociation of automodified PARP1 from DNA. Analyses of PARP1 activation at different DNA models demonstrate a strong positive correlation of PARylation and PARP1 dissociation, with the strongest effects observed for DNA nicks and 3’ phosphorylated ends. Moreover, by examining dynamic structural changes of PARP1, we reveal changes in the secondary structure of PARP1 induced by NAD+ and PARP inhibitor binding. In summary, this approach enables holistic and dynamic insights into PARP1-dependent PARylation with molecular and temporal resolution. The mechanism of PARP1-dependent poly-ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage is still under debate. Here, the authors use ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to provide time-resolved insights into the molecular details of this process under near physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krüger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
| | - Karin Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leung AKL. Poly(ADP-ribose): A Dynamic Trigger for Biomolecular Condensate Formation. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:370-383. [PMID: 32302549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a nucleic acid-like protein modification that can seed the formation of microscopically visible cellular compartments that lack enveloping membranes, recently termed biomolecular condensates. These PAR-mediated condensates are linked to cancer, viral infection, and neurodegeneration. Recent data have shown the therapeutic potential of modulating PAR conjugation (PARylation): PAR polymerase (PARP) inhibitors can modulate the formation and dynamics of these condensates as well as the trafficking of their components - many of which are key disease factors. However, the way in which PARylation facilitates these functions remains unclear, partly because of our lack of understanding of the fundamental parameters of intracellular PARylation, including the sites that are conjugated, PAR chain length and structure, and the physicochemical properties of the conjugates. This review first introduces the role of PARylation in regulating biomolecular condensates, followed by discussion of current knowledge gaps, potential solutions, and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sahin K, Durdagi S. Identifying new piperazine-based PARP1 inhibitors using text mining and integrated molecular modeling approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:681-690. [PMID: 32048546 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1715262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the important molecular targets for antitumor drug discovery is the polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) enzyme. It is linked with various biological functions including DNA repair and apoptosis. It is primarily a nuclear enzyme linked to chromatin, which is activated by DNA damage. Improved expression of PARP1 in melanomas, breast cancer, lung cancer and other neoplastic diseases is often observed. A tremendous PARP research concerning cancer and ischemia is progressing very rapidly. There are currently four PARP1 inhibitors approved by the FDA on the market, namely Olaparib, Rucaparib, Niraparib and Talazoparib. All of these molecules are non-selective inhibitors of PARP1. Currently there is an urgent need for novel and selective PARP1 inhibitors. In this work, asmall molecule database (Specs SC) were used to identify the new selective lead inhibitors of PARP1. Piperazine scaffold is an important fragment that is used in many currently used FDA approved drugs in different diseases including PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib. Thus, based on text mining studies, 4674 compounds thatinclude piperazine fragments were identified and virtually screened at the binding pocket of target protein PARP1. Compounds that have high docking scores were used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Free energy calculations were also performed to compare the predicted binding energies with known PARP1 inhibitors. The critical amino acid interactions of these newly identified hits in the binding pocket were also investigated in detail for better understanding of the structural features required for next generation PARP1 inhibitors. Thus, here together with combination of text-mining and integrated molecular modeling approaches, we identified novel piperazine-based hits against PARP1 enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kader Sahin
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
In this review, Slade provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. The author also highlights the clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discusses the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy. Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|