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Espinoza JL, Phillips A, Prentice MB, Tan GS, Kamath PL, Lloyd KG, Dupont CL. Unveiling the Microbial Realm with VEBA 2.0: A modular bioinformatics suite for end-to-end genome-resolved prokaryotic, (micro)eukaryotic, and viral multi-omics from either short- or long-read sequencing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.583560. [PMID: 38559265 PMCID: PMC10979853 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms, encompassing prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal), eukaryotic, and viral entities. This microbial ensemble plays a pivotal role in influencing the health and productivity of diverse ecosystems while shaping the web of life. However, many software suites developed to study microbiomes analyze only the prokaryotic community and provide limited to no support for viruses and microeukaryotes. Previously, we introduced the Viral Eukaryotic Bacterial Archaeal (VEBA) open-source software suite to address this critical gap in microbiome research by extending genome-resolved analysis beyond prokaryotes to encompass the understudied realms of eukaryotes and viruses. Here we present VEBA 2.0 with key updates including a comprehensive clustered microeukaryotic protein database, rapid genome/protein-level clustering, bioprospecting, non-coding/organelle gene modeling, genome-resolved taxonomic/pathway profiling, long-read support, and containerization. We demonstrate VEBA's versatile application through the analysis of diverse case studies including marine water, Siberian permafrost, and white-tailed deer lung tissues with the latter showcasing how to identify integrated viruses. VEBA represents a crucial advancement in microbiome research, offering a powerful and accessible platform that bridges the gap between genomics and biotechnological solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh L. Espinoza
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Allan Phillips
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Gene S. Tan
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pauline L. Kamath
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Karen G. Lloyd
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
| | - Chris L. Dupont
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ocampo-Gallego JS, Pedroza-Escobar D, Caicedo-Ortega AR, Berumen-Murra MT, Novelo-Aguirre AL, de Sotelo-León RD, Delgadillo-Guzmán D. Human neutrophil elastase inhibitors: Classification, biological-synthetic sources and their relevance in related diseases. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:13-32. [PMID: 37609718 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil elastase is a multifunctional protease enzyme whose function is to break the bonds of proteins and degrade them to polypeptides or amino acids. In addition, it plays an essential role in the immune mechanism against bacterial infections and represents a key mediator in tissue remodeling and inflammation. However, when the extracellular release of this enzyme is dysregulated in response to low levels of its physiological inhibitors, it ultimately leads to the degradation of proteins, in particular elastin, as well as other components of the extracellular matrix, producing injury to epithelial cells, which can promote sustained inflammation and affect the innate immune system, and, therefore, be the basis for the development of severe inflammatory diseases, especially those associated with the cardiopulmonary system. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an update on the elastase inhibitory properties of several molecules, either synthetic or biological sources, as well as their classification and relevance in related pathologies since a clear understanding of the function of these molecules with the inhibitory capacity of this protease can provide valuable information for the development of pharmacological therapies that manage to modify the prognosis and survival of various inflammatory diseases. METHODS Collected data from scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Nature, Wiley, Scopus, and Scielo. Articles published in any country and language were included. RESULTS We reviewed and included 132 articles conceptualizing neutrophil elastase activity and known inhibitors. CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanism of action of elastase inhibitors based on particular aspects such as their kinetic behavior, structure-function relationship, chemical properties, origin, pharmacodynamics, and experimental progress has allowed for a broad classification of HNE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Pedroza-Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Caicedo-Ortega
- Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Berumen-Murra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucía Novelo-Aguirre
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Denis de Sotelo-León
- Departmento de Nutricion. Unidad de Medicina Familiar, UMAA 53, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
| | - Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina UT, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
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Rabie O, El-Nashar HAS, Majrashi TA, Al-Warhi T, El Hassab MA, Eldehna WM, Mostafa NM. Chemical composition, seasonal variation and antiaging activities of essential oil from Callistemon subulatus leaves growing in Egypt. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2224944. [PMID: 37369580 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2224944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Callistemon is an aromatic genus of flowering plants belonging to family Myrtaceae. The essential oils of C. subulatus leaves were collected in four seasons and analyzed using GC/MS. The oils demonstrated monoterpenes as the predominant class. Eucalyptol was the main component in all seasons; summer (66.87%), autumn (58.33%), winter (46.74%) and spring (44.63%), followed by α-pinene; spring (31.41%), winter (28.69%), summer (26.34%) and autumn (24.68%). Winter oil, the highest yield (0.53 mL/100g), was further investigated for its inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with ageing; elastase and acetylcholinesterase. It remarkably inhibited elastase and acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 1.05 and 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted for the major oil components on the active sites of target enzymes. Eucalyptol revealed the best binding affinity for both enzymes. C. subualtus oil could be used as supplement for management of ageing disorders like skin wrinkles and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omyma Rabie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Depsipeptides Targeting Tumor Cells: Milestones from In Vitro to Clinical Trials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020670. [PMID: 36677728 PMCID: PMC9864405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Diet could be one of the factors that can be enhanced to comprehensively address a cancer patient's condition. Unfortunately, most molecules capable of targeting cancer cells are found in uncommon food sources. Among them, depsipeptides have emerged as one of the most reliable choices for cancer treatment. These cyclic amino acid oligomers, with one or more subunits replaced by a hydroxylated carboxylic acid resulting in one lactone bond in a core ring, have broadly proven their cancer-targeting efficacy, some even reaching clinical trials and being commercialized as "anticancer" drugs. This review aimed to describe these depsipeptides, their reported amino acid sequences, determined structure, and the specific mechanism by which they target tumor cells including apoptosis, oncosis, and elastase inhibition, among others. Furthermore, we have delved into state-of-the-art in vivo and clinical trials, current methods for purification and synthesis, and the recognized disadvantages of these molecules. The information collated in this review can help researchers decide whether these molecules should be incorporated into functional foods in the near future.
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Scott TA, Verest M, Farnung J, Forneris CC, Robinson SL, Ji X, Hubrich F, Chepkirui C, Richter DU, Huber S, Rust P, Streiff AB, Zhang Q, Bode JW, Piel J. Widespread microbial utilization of ribosomal β-amino acid-containing peptides and proteins. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Navneet S, Rohrer B. Elastin turnover in ocular diseases: A special focus on age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109164. [PMID: 35798060 PMCID: PMC9795808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its turnover play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Elastin, a critical protein component of the ECM, not only provides structural and mechanical support to tissues, but also mediates several intracellular and extracellular molecular signaling pathways. Abnormal turnover of elastin has pathological implications. In the eye elastin is a major structural component of Bruch's membrane (BrM), a critical ECM structure separating the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the choriocapillaris. Reduced integrity of macular BrM elastin, increased serum levels of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), and elevated elastin antibodies have been reported in AMD. Existing reports suggest that elastases, the elastin-degrading enzymes secreted by RPE, infiltrating macrophages or neutrophils could be involved in BrM elastin degradation, thus contributing to AMD pathogenesis. EDPs derived from elastin degradation can increase inflammatory and angiogenic responses in tissues, and the elastin antibodies are shown to play roles in immune cell activity and complement activation. This review summarizes our current understanding on the elastases/elastin fragments-mediated mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Sukmarini L. Marine Bacterial Ribosomal Peptides: Recent Genomics- and Synthetic Biology-Based Discoveries and Biosynthetic Studies. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090544. [PMID: 36135733 PMCID: PMC9505594 DOI: 10.3390/md20090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biodiversity is represented by an exceptional and ample array of intriguing natural product chemistries. Due to their extensive post-translational modifications, ribosomal peptides—also known as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs)—exemplify a widely diverse class of natural products, endowing a broad range of pharmaceutically and biotechnologically relevant properties for therapeutic or industrial applications. Most RiPPs are of bacterial origin, yet their marine derivatives have been quite rarely investigated. Given the rapid advancement engaged in a more powerful genomics approach, more biosynthetic gene clusters and pathways for these ribosomal peptides continue to be increasingly characterized. Moreover, the genome-mining approach in integration with synthetic biology techniques has markedly led to a revolution of RiPP natural product discovery. Therefore, this present short review article focuses on the recent discovery of RiPPs from marine bacteria based on genome mining and synthetic biology approaches during the past decade. Their biosynthetic studies are discussed herein, particularly the organization of targeted biosynthetic gene clusters linked to the encoded RiPPs with potential bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sukmarini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract
Natural microbial communities are phylogenetically and metabolically diverse. In addition to underexplored organismal groups1, this diversity encompasses a rich discovery potential for ecologically and biotechnologically relevant enzymes and biochemical compounds2,3. However, studying this diversity to identify genomic pathways for the synthesis of such compounds4 and assigning them to their respective hosts remains challenging. The biosynthetic potential of microorganisms in the open ocean remains largely uncharted owing to limitations in the analysis of genome-resolved data at the global scale. Here we investigated the diversity and novelty of biosynthetic gene clusters in the ocean by integrating around 10,000 microbial genomes from cultivated and single cells with more than 25,000 newly reconstructed draft genomes from more than 1,000 seawater samples. These efforts revealed approximately 40,000 putative mostly new biosynthetic gene clusters, several of which were found in previously unsuspected phylogenetic groups. Among these groups, we identified a lineage rich in biosynthetic gene clusters (‘Candidatus Eudoremicrobiaceae’) that belongs to an uncultivated bacterial phylum and includes some of the most biosynthetically diverse microorganisms in this environment. From these, we characterized the phospeptin and pythonamide pathways, revealing cases of unusual bioactive compound structure and enzymology, respectively. Together, this research demonstrates how microbiomics-driven strategies can enable the investigation of previously undescribed enzymes and natural products in underexplored microbial groups and environments. Global ocean microbiome survey reveals the bacterial family ‘Candidatus Eudoremicrobiaceae’, which includes some of the most biosynthetically diverse microorganisms in the ocean environment.
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Marinaccio L, Stefanucci A, Scioli G, Della Valle A, Zengin G, Cichelli A, Mollica A. Peptide Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors from Natural Sources: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062924. [PMID: 35328340 PMCID: PMC8954713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastases are a broad group of enzymes involved in the lysis of elastin, the main component of elastic fibres. They are produced and released in the human body, mainly by neutrophils and the pancreas. The imbalance between elastase activity and its endogenous inhibitors can cause different illnesses due to their excessive activity. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the latest advancements on the identification, structures and mechanisms of action of peptide human neutrophil elastase inhibitors isolated from natural sources, such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and sponges. The discovery of new elastase inhibitors could have a great impact on the pharmaceutical development of novel drugs through the optimization of the natural lead compounds. Bacteria produce mainly cyclic peptides, while animals provide for long and linear amino acid sequences. Despite their diverse natural sources, these elastase inhibitors show remarkable IC50 values in a range from nM to μM values, thus representing an interesting starting point for the further development of potent bioactive compounds on human elastase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Marinaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-3554906
| | - Giuseppe Scioli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Alice Della Valle
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.M.)
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10
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In vitro cosmeceutical activity of alcoholic extract from chestnut inner shell fermented with Aspergillus sojae. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:443-450. [PMID: 35464244 PMCID: PMC8994792 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chestnut inner shell was fermented in solid state with Aspergillus sojae, and then extracted using ethanol (95%) to analyze its cosmeceutical activity and phenolic composition. The fermentation significantly increased the antioxidant activity, and in vitro cosmeceutical activities. The ethanol extract showed the higher activities than ethyl acetate and water extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the alcoholic extract was 80.53%, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibition activities were 101.01%, and 76.73%, respectively, after 10 days of fermentation. Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite of A. sojae was produced by the fermentation as a major bioactive component. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and coumaric acid appeared the major phenolic acids in the alcoholic extract from fermented chestnut inner shell. The alcoholic extract from chestnut inner shell fermented by A. sojae may be used as an effective and bioactive cosmeceutical. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01044-9.
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Bagga T, Su Ning L, Sivaraman J, Shankar S. Sequence Preference and Scaffolding Requirement for the Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Ecotin Peptide. Protein Sci 2022; 31:933-941. [PMID: 35014748 PMCID: PMC8927871 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) is an abundant serine protease that is a major constituent of lung elastolytic activity. However, when secreted in excess, if not properly attenuated by selective inhibitor proteins, it can have detrimental effects on host tissues, leading to chronic lung inflammation and non-small cell lung cancer. To improve upon the design of inhibitors against hNE for therapeutic applications, here, we report the crystal structure of hNE in complex with an ecotin-derived peptide inhibitor. We show that the peptide binds in the non-prime substrate binding site. Unexpectedly, compared with full-length ecotin, we find that our short linear peptides and circular amide-backbone-linked peptides of ecotin are incapable of efficient hNE inhibition. Our structural insights point to a preferred amino acid sequence and the potential benefit of a scaffold for optimal binding and function of the peptide inhibitor, both of which are retained in the full-length ecotin protein. These findings will aid in the development of effective peptide-based inhibitors against hNE for targeted therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Bagga
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Loh Su Ning
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srihari Shankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Ujan R, Arshad N, Perveen F, Abbas Q, Channar PA, Saeed A, Farooqi SI, Channar KA, Hökelek T, Flörke U. Single crystal, Hirshfeld surface, DFT analyses of (E)‐2‐(2‐chloro‐6‐fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide: Elastase inhibition and DNA binding studies. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Ujan
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulations National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- College of Science, Department of Biology University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shahid I. Farooqi
- Department of Chemistry Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Kashif Ali Channar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Department Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Universität Paderborn Paderborn Germany
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Elsebai MF, Schoeder CT, Müller CE. Fintiamin: A diketopiperazine from the marine sponge-derived fungus Eurotium sp. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100206. [PMID: 34368995 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Eurotium sp., derived from the marine sponge Ircinia variabilis, was found to produce a diketopiperazine-indole alkaloid that we named fintiamin (1). Structural elucidation of 1 was achieved by extensive spectroscopic analysis including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 is a lipophilic terpenoid-dipeptide hybrid molecule that shows affinity for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor at low micromolar concentrations. Docking studies based on previous X-ray structures provide a plausible binding pose for compound 1 in the orthosteric binding site of the CB1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Elsebai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Anabaenopeptins: What We Know So Far. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080522. [PMID: 34437393 PMCID: PMC8402340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are microorganisms with photosynthetic mechanisms capable of colonizing several distinct environments worldwide. They can produce a vast spectrum of bioactive compounds with different properties, resulting in an improved adaptative capacity. Their richness in secondary metabolites is related to their unique and diverse metabolic apparatus, such as Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs). One important class of peptides produced by the non-ribosomal pathway is anabaenopeptins. These cyclic hexapeptides demonstrated inhibitory activity towards phosphatases and proteases, which could be related to their toxicity and adaptiveness against zooplankters and crustaceans. Thus, this review aims to identify key features related to anabaenopeptins, including the diversity of their structure, occurrence, the biosynthetic steps for their production, ecological roles, and biotechnological applications.
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Fibrillar Collagen Degradation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123217. [PMID: 34200889 PMCID: PMC8230458 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibres degradation is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes. Fibrillar collagens, namely type I, II, and III, are the most widely spread collagens in human body, e.g., they are responsible for tissue fibrillar structure and skin elasticity. Nevertheless, the hyperactivity of fibrotic process and collagen accumulation results with joints, bone, heart, lungs, kidneys or liver fibroses. Per contra, dysfunctional collagen turnover and its increased degradation leads to wound healing disruption, skin photoaging, and loss of firmness and elasticity. In this review we described the main enzymes participating in collagen degradation pathway, paying particular attention to enzymes degrading fibrillar collagen. Therefore, collagenases (MMP-1, -8, and -13), elastases, and cathepsins, together with their peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors, are reviewed. This information, related to the design and synthesis of new inhibitors based on peptide structure, can be relevant for future research in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and cosmeceuticals.
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Zhang W, Zhou Y, Li D, Ma T. Near-infrared fluorescent probe with large stokes shift for detecting Human Neutrophil elastase in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119533. [PMID: 33581578 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human Neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays a great role in immune responses and inflammation, and is associated closely with lung cancer and acute lung injury (ALI). Accurate detection of its activity is imperative to understand its biological function and diagnosing the disease states through monitoring the dynamic changes. Herein, we report a new NIR fluorescent probe (F-1) with large Stokes shift (182 nm). Probe F-1 featured high sensitivity (LOD ~ 5.6 ng/mL), good selectivity, low toxicity and a bright NIR emission triggered by HNE. Moreover, F-1 was successfully applied as an indicator to track the HNE in the A549 cells. Thus, F-1 may be an excellent tool for detecting enzymatic activity for preclinical applications and NE related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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17
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McNulty MJ, Silberstein DZ, Kuhn BT, Padgett HS, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Cross CE. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and recombinant protein sources with focus on plant sources: Updates, challenges and perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:10-30. [PMID: 33279618 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by low plasma levels of A1AT, a serine protease inhibitor representing the most abundant circulating antiprotease normally present at plasma levels of 1-2 g/L. The dominant clinical manifestations include predispositions to early onset emphysema due to protease/antiprotease imbalance in distal lung parenchyma and liver disease largely due to unsecreted polymerized accumulations of misfolded mutant A1AT within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Since 1987, the only FDA licensed specific therapy for the emphysema component has been infusions of A1AT purified from pooled human plasma at the 2020 cost of up to US $200,000/year with the risk of intermittent shortages. In the past three decades various, potentially less expensive, recombinant forms of human A1AT have reached early stages of development, one of which is just reaching the stage of human clinical trials. The focus of this review is to update strategies for the treatment of the pulmonary component of A1ATD with some focus on perspectives for therapeutic production and regulatory approval of a recombinant product from plants. We review other competitive technologies for treating the lung disease manifestations of A1ATD, highlight strategies for the generation of data potentially helpful for securing FDA Investigational New Drug (IND) approval and present challenges in the selection of clinical trial strategies required for FDA licensing of a New Drug Approval (NDA) for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McNulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Z Silberstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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18
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Chen QY, Luo D, Seabra GM, Luesch H. Ahp-Cyclodepsipeptides as tunable inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase and kallikrein 7: Total synthesis of tutuilamide A, serine protease selectivity profile and comparison with lyngbyastatin 7. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115756. [PMID: 33002682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe the total synthesis of tutuilamide A, a potent porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) inhibitor and a representative member of the 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp) cyclodepsipeptide family, isolated from marine cyanobacteria. The Ahp unit serves as a pharmacophore and the adjacent 2-amino-2-butenoic acid (Abu) is a main driver of the selectivity among serine proteases. We adapted our previous convergent strategy to generate the macrocycle, common with lyngbyastatin 7 and related elastase inhibitors, and then appended the tutuilamide A-specific side chain bearing a vinyl chloride. Tutuilamide A and lyngbyastatin 7 were evaluated side by side for the inhibition of the disease-relevant human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Tutuilamide A and lyngbyastatin 7 were approximately equipotent against HNE, while tutuilamide A was previously shown to be more active against PPE compared with lyngbyastatin 7, further demonstrating that the side chain provides opportunities to not only modulate potency but also selectivity among proteases of the same function from different organisms. Profiling of tutuilamide A against mainly human serine proteases revealed high selectivity for HNE (IC50 0.73 nM) and pleiotropic activity against kallikrein 7 (KLK7, IC50 5.0 nM), without affecting other kallikreins, similarly to lyngbyastatin 7 (IC50 0.85 nM for HNE and 3.1 nM for KLK7). A comprehensive molecular docking study for elastases and KLK7 afforded deeper insight into the intricate differences between inhibitor interactions with HNE and PPE, accounting for the differential activities for both compounds. The synthesis and molecular studies serve as a proof-of-concept that the macrocyclic scaffold can be diversified to fine-tune the activity of serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Danmeng Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Gustavo M Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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