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Su WC, Juan HL, Lee JI, Huang SP, Chen SC, Geng JH. Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7481. [PMID: 38553570 PMCID: PMC10980762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the most important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however evidence from large-scale studies on whether secondhand smoke (SHS) increases the risk of COPD is still lacking. We conducted this large longitudinal study to investigate the association between SHS and the development of COPD. This is a longitudinal study. Data on 6519 subjects who were never-smokers, had no history of COPD, and had complete lung function records were extracted from the Taiwan Biobank. They were divided into two groups according to SHS exposure: no exposure and exposure groups. Data were collected when participants enrolled in the study and during regular follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between SHS and the risk of developing COPD. At 48 months of follow-up, 260 (4%) participants in the no exposure group and 34 (7%) participants in the exposure group developed COPD. The RR of incident COPD development was significantly higher in the exposure group than that in the no exposure group after adjusting for confounders (RR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.14; P value = 0.031). There is a dose-response relationship between the duration of exposure to SHS and the risk of incident COPD, which demonstrates that an additional hour of exposure to SHS per week was associated with a 1.03-fold increased likelihood of developing COPD after adjusting for confounders (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05; P value = 0.027). SHS exposure contributes to the development of COPD. This finding can help raise awareness of the harms of SHS and provide a reference for formulating anti-smoking policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Lei Juan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-In Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, No. 482, Shanming Rd, Xiaogang District, Kaohsiung City, 812, Taiwan.
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van Nijnatten J, Faiz A, Timens W, Guryev V, Slebos DJ, Klooster K, Hartman JE, Kole T, Choy DF, Chakrabarti A, Grimbaldeston M, Rosenberger CM, Kerstjens H, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M. A bronchial gene signature specific for severe COPD that is retained in the nose. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00354-2023. [PMID: 38020574 PMCID: PMC10680034 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00354-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A subset of COPD patients develops advanced disease with severe airflow obstruction, hyperinflation and extensive emphysema. We propose that the pathogenesis in these patients differs from mild-moderate COPD and is reflected by bronchial gene expression. The aim of the present study was to identify a unique bronchial epithelial gene signature for severe COPD patients. Methods We obtained RNA sequencing data from bronchial brushes from 123 ex-smokers with severe COPD, 23 with mild-moderate COPD and 23 non-COPD controls. We identified genes specific to severe COPD by comparing severe COPD to non-COPD controls, followed by removing genes that were also differentially expressed between mild-moderate COPD and non-COPD controls. Next, we performed a pathway analysis on these genes and evaluated whether this signature is retained in matched nasal brushings. Results We identified 219 genes uniquely differentially expressed in severe COPD. Interaction network analysis identified VEGFA and FN1 as the key genes with the most interactions. Genes were involved in extracellular matrix regulation, collagen binding and the immune response. Of interest were 10 genes (VEGFA, DCN, SPARC, COL6A2, MGP, CYR61, ANXA6, LGALS1, C1QA and C1QB) directly connected to fibronectin 1 (FN1). Most of these genes were lower expressed in severe COPD and showed the same effect in nasal brushings. Conclusions We found a unique severe COPD bronchial gene signature with key roles for VEGFA and FN1, which was retained in the upper airways. This supports the hypothesis that severe COPD, at least partly, comprises a different pathology and supports the potential for biomarker development based on nasal brushes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos van Nijnatten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Klooster
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorine E. Hartman
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Kole
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Huib Kerstjens
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
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Upadhyay P, Wu CW, Pham A, Zeki AA, Royer CM, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Bayram H, Pinkerton KE. Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:275-305. [PMID: 37183431 PMCID: PMC10718174 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients. Underlying causes for COPD include primarily tobacco use but may also be driven by exposure to air pollutants, biomass burning, and workplace related fumes and chemicals. While no single animal model might mimic all features of human COPD, a wide variety of published models have collectively helped to improve our understanding of disease processes involved in the genesis and persistence of COPD. In this review, the pathogenesis and associated risk factors of COPD are examined in different mammalian models of the disease. Each animal model included in this review is exclusively created by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. As animal models continue to aid in defining the pathobiological mechanisms of and possible novel therapeutic interventions for COPD, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexa Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine; University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; U.C. Davis Lung Center; Davis, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Effects of air pollution on human health - Mechanistic evidence suggested by in vitro and in vivo modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113378. [PMID: 35525290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) comprises both solid and liquid particles, including carbon, sulphates, nitrate, and toxic heavy metals, which can induce oxidative stress and inflammation after inhalation. These changes occur both in the lung and systemically, due to the ability of the small-sized PM (i.e. diameters ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) to enter and circulate in the bloodstream. As such, in 2016, airborne PM caused ∼4.2 million premature deaths worldwide. Acute exposure to high levels of airborne PM (eg. during wildfires) can exacerbate pre-existing illnesses leading to hospitalisation, such as in those with asthma and coronary heart disease. Prolonged exposure to PM can increase the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases affecting the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, although the latter is less well studied. Given the breadth of potential disease, it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying airborne PM exposure-induced disorders. Establishing aetiology in humans is difficult, therefore, in-vitro and in-vivo studies can provide mechanistic insights. We describe acute health effects (e.g. exacerbations of asthma) and long term health effects such as the induction of chronic inflammatory lung disease, and effects outside the lung (e.g. liver and renal change). We will focus on oxidative stress and inflammation as this is the common mechanism of PM-induced disease, which may be used to develop effective treatments to mitigate the adverse health effect of PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Kollati PR, Mohapatra SS. The combined chemical and mechanical modifications of cigarette: a novel methodology to reduce harmful effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67343-67361. [PMID: 34247348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Without hindering the taste, making a cigarette less harmful by reducing the percentage of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in the smoke of the cigarette is a challenging task for the current generation of researchers. In the current work, by implementing mechanical, chemical and combined modification techniques, the above stated is tried to mitigate. In addition to the above, the optimum suction pressure, burning time and the number of puffing are also determined. Mechanical modification technique considers filter to cigarette ratio and filter design as the controlling parameters. The mathematical calculation reveals that puffing should stop when the cigarette length reaches 0.15 times of its original length. Furthermore, it is also identified that the concentrations of suspended solids and droplets in the smoke decrease significantly (separation efficiency = 56.81%) if the cigarette to filter ratio is maintained at 2.32. In case of chemical modification, by using various types of adsorbents such as charcoal and Zeolite 13X, the harmful effects are further reduced. These processes depict significant reduction in harmful effect (separation efficiency up to 62.1%) by showing the decrement in the suspended solids and droplets in the smoke due to the adsorption on the active sites of adsorbents. In case of combined modification, the achieved separation efficiency is 66.51%. For the experimentation, an experimental setup fitted with artificial lungs was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudhvi Ravikumar Kollati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Soumya Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Abstract
Despite the fact that medical properties of Cannabis have been recognized for more than 5000 years, the use of Cannabis for medical purposes have recently reemerged and became more accessible. Cannabis is usually employed as a self-medication for the treatment of insomnia disorder. However, the effects of Cannabis on sleep depend on multiple factors such as metabolomic composition of the plant, dosage and route of administration. In the present chapter, we reviewed the main effect Cannabis on sleep. We focused on the effect of "crude or whole plant" Cannabis consumption (i.e., smoked, oral or vaporized) both in humans and experimental animal models.The data reviewed establish that Cannabis modifies sleep. Furthermore, a recent experimental study in animals suggests that vaporization (which is a recommended route for medical purposes) of Cannabis with high THC and negligible CBD, promotes NREM sleep. However, it is imperative to perform new clinical studies in order to confirm if the administration of Cannabis could be a beneficial therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders.
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Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Miller A, Thatcher TH, Sime PJ, Thanavala Y. Specialized Proresolving Mediators Overcome Immune Suppression Induced by Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3205-3217. [PMID: 33115852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke exposure is associated with multiple diseases including, respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tobacco smoke is a potent inflammatory trigger and is immunosuppressive, contributing to increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections in smokers, ex-smokers, and vulnerable populations exposed to secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke exposure also reduces vaccine efficacy. Therefore, mitigating the immunosuppressive effects of chronic smoke exposure and improving the efficacy of vaccinations in individuals exposed to tobacco smoke, is a critical unmet clinical problem. We hypothesized that specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), a class of immune regulators promoting resolution of inflammation, without being immunosuppressive, and enhancing B cell Ab responses, could reverse the immunosuppressive effects resulting from tobacco smoke exposure. We exposed mice to secondhand smoke for 8 wk, followed by a period of smoke exposure cessation, and the mice were immunized with the P6 lipoprotein from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, using 17-HDHA and aspirin-triggered-resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) as adjuvants. 17-HDHA and AT-RvD1 used as adjuvants resulted in elevated serum and bronchoalveolar lavage levels of anti-P6-specific IgG and IgA that were protective, with immunized mice exhibiting more rapid bacterial clearance upon challenge, reduced pulmonary immune cell infiltrates, reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and less lung-epithelial cell damage. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with AT-RvD1 during a period of smoke-cessation further enhanced the efficacy of SPM-adjuvanted P6 vaccination. Overall, SPMs show promise as novel vaccine adjuvants with the ability to overcome the tobacco smoke-induced immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Suresh Gopi Kalathil
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263;
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Li Q, Sun J, Chen X, Li S, Wang Y, Xu C, Zhao J, Zhu Z, Tian L. Integrative characterization of fine particulate matter-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135687. [PMID: 31785907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on public health are a worldwide concern. Epidemiological evidence has shown that PM2.5-triggered inflammatory cascades and lung tissue damage are important causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, most laboratory studies of COPD have focused on animal models of cigarette smoke exposure or combined exposure to cigarette smoke and PM2.5. Furthermore, a single method is used to evaluate the development of COPD without integrality. In this study, we investigated pulmonary pathophysiological alterations using integrated functional, morphological, and biochemical techniques and a mouse model exposed to PM2.5 alone for 3 months. Emphysema in this model was confirmed by reconstructed three-dimensional micro-CT images. Typical histopathological signs were neutrophil/macrophage infiltration and accumulation at 2 months after exposure and emphysema/atelectasis at 3 months. Respiratory mechanical parameters confirmed that PM2.5 caused a decline in respiratory function. PM2.5 also triggered complex cytokine profile changes in the lungs with characteristic inflammation-related tissue destruction. This study showed that chronic PM2.5 exposure impaired lung function, triggered emphysematous lesions, and induced pulmonary inflammation and airway wall remodeling. Most importantly, prolonged exposure to PM2.5 alone caused COPD in mice. These results improve the understanding of the mechanisms and mediators underlying PM2.5-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingping Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Siling Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Metabolomics and transcriptomics pathway approach reveals outcome-specific perturbations in COPD. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17132. [PMID: 30459441 PMCID: PMC6244246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises multiple phenotypes such as airflow obstruction, emphysema, and frequent episodes of acute worsening of respiratory symptoms, known as exacerbations. The goal of this pilot study was to test the usefulness of unbiased metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches to delineate biological pathways associated with COPD phenotypes and outcomes. Blood was collected from 149 current or former smokers with or without COPD and separated into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma. PBMCs and plasma were analyzed using microarray and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Statistically significant transcripts and compounds were mapped to pathways using IMPaLA. Results showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was associated with worse airflow obstruction and more COPD exacerbations. Sphingolipid metabolism was associated with worse lung function outcomes and exacerbation severity requiring hospitalizations. The strongest associations between a pathway and a certain COPD outcome were: fat digestion and absorption and T cell receptor signaling with lung function outcomes; antigen processing with exacerbation frequency; arginine and proline metabolism with exacerbation severity; and oxidative phosphorylation with emphysema. Overlaying transcriptomic and metabolomics datasets across pathways enabled outcome and phenotypic differences to be determined. Findings are relevant for identifying molecular targets for animal intervention studies and early intervention markers in human cohorts.
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Belhareth R, Mezouar S, Ben Amara A, Chartier C, Azzouz EB, Chabrière E, Amri M, Mege JL. Cigarette smoke extract interferes with placenta macrophage functions: A new mechanism to compromise placenta functions? Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:120-129. [PMID: 29673796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The success of pregnancy depends on the maternal immune system's ability to promote tolerance and host defense. This equilibrium is compromised in inflammatory and infectious impairment of placenta. Smoking during pregnancy exposes the fetus to severe complications which might result from an alteration in placenta macrophages (pMφ) functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the functions of third trimester pMφs.CSE inhibited particles uptake and the formation of multinucleated giant cells, a recently reported property of pMφs based on their ability to fuse in vitro. These alterations were associated with a CSE-induced abnormal activation of pMφs, which was characterized by an increased release of TNF, interleukin (IL)-33, and decreased IL-6 and IL-10 release. Furthermore, CSE enhanced the expression of metalloproteinase genes known to be involved in tissue remodeling. This effect of CSE on pMφs was specific because CSE affected circulating monocytes in a different way. Finally, we showed that nicotine affected in part the functional properties of pMφs. Taken together, these results showed that CSE modulated the functional activity of pMφs, which may compromise pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Belhareth
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies UR/11ES09, FST Campus Universitaire, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Chartier
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Eya Ben Azzouz
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies UR/11ES09, FST Campus Universitaire, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.
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Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, Miller A, Lehmann PV, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Thanavala Y. Secondhand Smoke Induces Inflammation and Impairs Immunity to Respiratory Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2927-2940. [PMID: 29555783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advocacy to reduce smoking-related diseases, >1 billion people worldwide continue to smoke. Smoking is immunosuppressive and an important etiological factor in the development of several human disorders including respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there is a critical gap in the knowledge of the role of secondhand smoke (SHS) in inflammation and immunity. We therefore studied the influence of SHS on pulmonary inflammation and immune responses to respiratory infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recurrently found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Chronic SHS-exposed mice were chronically infected with NTHI and pulmonary inflammation was evaluated by histology. Immune cell numbers and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Chronic SHS exposure impaired NTHI P6 Ag-specific B and T cell responses following chronic NTHI infection as measured by ELISPOT assays, reduced the production of Abs in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, and enhanced albumin leak into the bronchoalveolar lavage as determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed lymphocytic accumulation surrounding airways and bronchovasculature following chronic SHS exposure and chronic infection. Chronic SHS exposure enhanced the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lungs, and impaired the generation of adaptive immunity following either chronic infection or P6 vaccination. Chronic SHS exposure diminished bacterial clearance from the lungs after acute NTHI challenge, whereas P6 vaccination improved clearance equivalent to the level seen in air-exposed, non-vaccinated mice. Our study provides unequivocal evidence that SHS exposure has long-term detrimental effects on the pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment and immunity to infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Paul N Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263;
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12
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Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. Protocols to Evaluate Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation and Pathology in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1725:53-63. [PMID: 29322408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7568-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhalation of cigarette smoke causes inflammation of the airways, airway wall remodelling, mucus hypersecretion and progressive airflow limitation. Much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and infectious (viral and bacterial) exacerbations (AECOPD). Comorbidities, in particular skeletal muscle wasting, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer markedly impact on disease morbidity, progression and mortality. The mechanisms and mediators underlying COPD and its comorbidities are poorly understood and current COPD therapy is relatively ineffective. Many researchers have used animal modelling systems to explore the mechanisms underlying COPD, AECOPD and comorbidities of COPD with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. Here we describe a mouse model that we have developed to define the cellular, molecular and pathological consequences of cigarette smoke exposure and the development of comorbidities of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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13
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Goldklang MP, Tekabe Y, Zelonina T, Trischler J, Xiao R, Stearns K, Romanov A, Muzio V, Shiomi T, Johnson LL, D'Armiento JM. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Emphysema Reveals Ongoing Apoptosis In Vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:848-857. [PMID: 27483341 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of lung disease is limited by the inability to visualize ongoing pathological processes. Molecular imaging that targets cellular processes related to disease pathogenesis has the potential to assess disease activity over time to allow intervention before lung destruction. Because apoptosis is a critical component of lung damage in emphysema, a functional imaging approach was taken to determine if targeting apoptosis in a smoke exposure model would allow the quantification of early lung damage in vivo. Rabbits were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 or 16 weeks and underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography scanning using technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128. Imaging results were correlated with ex vivo tissue analysis to validate the presence of lung destruction and apoptosis. Lung computed tomography scans of long-term smoke-exposed rabbits exhibit anatomical similarities to human emphysema, with increased lung volumes compared with controls. Morphometry on lung tissue confirmed increased mean linear intercept and destructive index at 16 weeks of smoke exposure and compliance measurements documented physiological changes of emphysema. Tissue and lavage analysis displayed the hallmarks of smoke exposure, including increased tissue cellularity and protease activity. Technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128 single-photon emission computed tomography signal was increased after smoke exposure at 4 and 16 weeks, with confirmation of increased apoptosis through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and increased tissue neutral sphingomyelinase activity in the tissue. These studies not only describe a novel emphysema model for use with future therapeutic applications, but, most importantly, also characterize a promising imaging modality that identifies ongoing destructive cellular processes within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Muzio
- 4 Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Advanced Accelerator Applications (Italy), Saint-Genis-Pouilly, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeanine M D'Armiento
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology.,2 Department of Medicine.,5 Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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14
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Kim N, Duncan GA, Hanes J, Suk JS. Barriers to inhaled gene therapy of obstructive lung diseases: A review. J Control Release 2016; 240:465-488. [PMID: 27196742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic origins of obstructive lung diseases has made inhaled gene therapy an attractive alternative to the current standards of care that are limited to managing disease symptoms. Initial lung gene therapy clinical trials occurred in the early 1990s following the discovery of the genetic defect responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenic disorder. However, despite over two decades of intensive effort, gene therapy has yet to help patients with CF or any other obstructive lung disease. The slow progress is due in part to poor understanding of the biological barriers to inhaled gene therapy. Encouragingly, clinical trials have shown that inhaled gene therapy with various viral vectors and non-viral gene vectors is well tolerated by patients, and continued research has provided valuable lessons and resources that may lead to future success of this therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first introduce representative obstructive lung diseases and examine limitations of currently available therapeutic options. We then review key components for successful execution of inhaled gene therapy, including gene delivery systems, primary physiological barriers and strategies to overcome them, and advances in preclinical disease models with which the most promising systems may be identified for human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namho Kim
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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15
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Tran I, Ji C, Ni I, Min T, Tang D, Vij N. Role of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Aggresome Formation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Emphysema Pathogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:159-73. [PMID: 25490051 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is known to induce proteostasis imbalance that can initiate accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to determine if first- and secondhand CS induces localization of ubiquitinated proteins in perinuclear spaces as aggresome bodies. Furthermore, we sought to determine the mechanism by which smoke-induced aggresome formation contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema pathogenesis. Hence, Beas2b cells were treated with CS extract (CSE) for in vitro experimental analysis of CS-induced aggresome formation by immunoblotting, microscopy, and reporter assays, whereas chronic CS-exposed murine model and human COPD-emphysema lung tissues were used for validation. In preliminary analysis, we observed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in ubiquitinated protein aggregation in the insoluble protein fraction of CSE-treated Beas2b cells. We verified that CS-induced ubiquitin aggregrates are localized in the perinuclear spaces as aggresome bodies. These CS-induced aggresomes (P < 0.001) colocalize with autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B(+) autophagy bodies, whereas U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved autophagy-inducing drug (carbamazepine) significantly (P < 0.01) decreases their colocalization and expression, suggesting CS-impaired autophagy. Moreover, CSE treatment significantly increases valosin-containing protein-p62 protein-protein interaction (P < 0.0005) and p62 expression (aberrant autophagy marker; P < 0.0001), verifying CS-impaired autophagy as an aggresome formation mechanism. We also found that inhibiting protein synthesis by cycloheximide does not deplete CS-induced ubiquitinated protein aggregates, suggesting the role of CS-induced protein synthesis in aggresome formation. Next, we used an emphysema murine model to verify that chronic CS significantly (P < 0.0005) induces aggresome formation. Moreover, we observed that autophagy induction by carbamazepine inhibits CS-induced aggresome formation and alveolar space enlargement (P < 0.001), confirming involvement of aggresome bodies in COPD-emphysema pathogenesis. Finally, significantly higher p62 accumulation in smokers and severe COPD-emphysema lungs (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage III/IV) as compared with normal nonsmokers (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage 0) substantiates the pathogenic role of autophagy impairment in aggresome formation and COPD-emphysema progression. In conclusion, CS-induced aggresome formation is a novel mechanism involved in COPD-emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Tran
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Changhoon Ji
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Inzer Ni
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Taehong Min
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Danni Tang
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,2 Biomedical Engineering, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Respiratory Science and.,3 College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan
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16
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Abstract
The 2nd Cross Company Respiratory Symposium (CCRS), held in Horsham, U.K. in 2012, brought together representatives from across the pharmaceutical industry with expert academics, in the common interest of improving the design and translational predictiveness of in vivo models of respiratory disease. Organized by the respiratory representatives of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Federations (EFPIA) group of companies involved in the EU-funded project (U-BIOPRED), the aim of the symposium was to identify state-of-the-art improvements in the utility and design of models of respiratory disease, with a view to improving their translational potential and reducing wasteful animal usage. The respiratory research and development community is responding to the challenge of improving translation in several ways: greater collaboration and open sharing of data, careful selection of the species, complexity and chronicity of the models, improved practices in preclinical research, continued refinement in models of respiratory diseases and their sub-types, greater understanding of the biology underlying human respiratory diseases and their sub-types, and finally greater use of human (and especially disease-relevant) cells, tissues and explants. The present review highlights these initiatives, combining lessons from the symposium and papers published in Clinical Science arising from the symposium, with critiques of the models currently used in the settings of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. The ultimate hope is that this will contribute to a more rational, efficient and sustainable development of a range of new treatments for respiratory diseases that continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality across the world.
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17
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Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. Preclinical murine models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:265-71. [PMID: 25818750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major incurable global health burden and is the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. It is believed that an exaggerated inflammatory response to cigarette smoke causes progressive airflow limitation. This inflammation, where macrophages, neutrophils and T lymphocytes are prominent, leads to oxidative stress, emphysema, small airway fibrosis and mucus hypersecretion. Much of the disease burden and health care utilisation in COPD is associated with the management of its comorbidities and infectious (viral and bacterial) exacerbations (AECOPD). Comorbidities, defined as other chronic medical conditions, in particular skeletal muscle wasting and cardiovascular disease markedly impact on disease morbidity, progression and mortality. The mechanisms and mediators underlying COPD and its comorbidities are poorly understood and current COPD therapy is relatively ineffective. Thus, there is an obvious need for new therapies that can prevent the induction and progression of COPD and effectively treat AECOPD and comorbidities of COPD. Given that access to COPD patients can be difficult and that clinical samples often represent a "snapshot" at a particular time in the disease process, many researchers have used animal modelling systems to explore the mechanisms underlying COPD, AECOPD and comorbidities of COPD with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. This review highlights the mouse models used to define the cellular, molecular and pathological consequences of cigarette smoke exposure and the recent advances in modelling infectious exacerbations and comorbidities of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- School of Health Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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18
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Borchers MT, Kratzer A, Taraseviciene-Stewart L. Second hand smoke and COPD: lessons from animal studies. Front Physiol 2014; 5:144. [PMID: 24782787 PMCID: PMC3989710 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Borchers
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adelheid Kratzer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laimute Taraseviciene-Stewart
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, CO, USA
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19
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Vlahos R, Bozinovski S. Recent advances in pre-clinical mouse models of COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:253-65. [PMID: 24144354 PMCID: PMC3878607 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a major incurable global health burden and will become the third largest cause of death in the world by 2020. It is currently believed that an exaggerated inflammatory response to inhaled irritants, in particular cigarette smoke, causes progressive airflow limitation. This inflammation, where macrophages, neutrophils and T-cells are prominent, leads to oxidative stress, emphysema, small airways fibrosis and mucus hypersecretion. The mechanisms and mediators that drive the induction and progression of chronic inflammation, emphysema and altered lung function are poorly understood. Current treatments have limited efficacy in inhibiting chronic inflammation, do not reverse the pathology of disease and fail to modify the factors that initiate and drive the long-term progression of disease. Therefore there is a clear need for new therapies that can prevent the induction and progression of COPD. Animal modelling systems that accurately reflect disease pathophysiology continue to be essential to the development of new therapies. The present review highlights some of the mouse models used to define the cellular, molecular and pathological consequences of cigarette smoke exposure and whether they can be used to predict the efficacy of new therapeutics for COPD.
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Key Words
- acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd)
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)
- emphysema
- inflammation
- skeletal muscle wasting
- smoking
- aecopd, acute exacerbations of copd
- bal, bronchoalveolar lavage
- balf, bal fluid
- copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- gm-csf, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- gold, global initiative on chronic obstructive lung disease
- gpx, glutathione peroxidase
- hdac, histone deacetylation
- il, interleukin
- ltb4, leukotriene b4
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- mcp-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- mmp, matrix metalloproteinase
- ne, neutrophil elastase
- nf-κb, nuclear factor κb
- nrf2, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2
- o2•−, superoxide radical
- onoo−, peroxynitrite
- pde, phosphodiesterase
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- rv, rhinovirus
- slpi, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor
- sod, superoxide dismutase
- tgf-β, transforming growth factor-β
- timp, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- tnf-α, tumour necrosis factor-α
- v/q, ventilation/perfusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- *Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- *Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Cremona TP, Tschanz SA, von Garnier C, Benarafa C. SerpinB1 deficiency is not associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L981-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00181.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tobacco smoke and deficiency in α1-antitrypsin (AAT) are the most prominent environmental and genetic risk factors, respectively. Yet the pathogenesis of COPD is not completely elucidated. Disease progression appears to include a vicious circle driven by self-perpetuating lung inflammation, endothelial and epithelial cell death, and proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. Like AAT, serpinB1 is a potent inhibitor of serine proteases including neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. Because serpinB1 is expressed in myeloid and lung epithelial cells and is protective during lung infections, we investigated the role of serpinB1 in preventing age-related and cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Fifteen-month-old mice showed increased lung volume and decreased pulmonary function compared with young adult mice (3 mo old), but no differences were observed between serpinB1-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Chronic exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke resulted in structural emphysematous changes compared with respective control mice, but no difference in lung morphometry was observed between genotypes. Of note, the different pattern of stereological changes induced by age and cigarette smoke suggest distinct mechanisms leading to increased airway volume. Finally, expression of intracellular and extracellular protease inhibitors were differently regulated in lungs of WT and KO mice following smoke exposure; however, activity of proteases was not significantly altered. In conclusion, we showed that, although AAT and serpinB1 are similarly potent inhibitors of neutrophil proteases, serpinB1 deficiency is not associated with more severe emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana P. Cremona
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe von Garnier
- Respiratory Medicine, Berne University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Kleinstreuer C, Feng Y. Lung deposition analyses of inhaled toxic aerosols in conventional and less harmful cigarette smoke: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:4454-85. [PMID: 24065038 PMCID: PMC3799535 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10094454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled toxic aerosols of conventional cigarette smoke may impact not only the health of smokers, but also those exposed to second-stream smoke, especially children. Thus, less harmful cigarettes (LHCs), also called potential reduced exposure products (PREPs), or modified risk tobacco products (MRTP) have been designed by tobacco manufacturers to focus on the reduction of the concentration of carcinogenic components and toxicants in tobacco. However, some studies have pointed out that the new cigarette products may be actually more harmful than the conventional ones due to variations in puffing or post-puffing behavior, different physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled toxic aerosols, and longer exposure conditions. In order to understand the toxicological impact of tobacco smoke, it is essential for scientists, engineers and manufacturers to develop experiments, clinical investigations, and predictive numerical models for tracking the intake and deposition of toxicants of both LHCs and conventional cigarettes. Furthermore, to link inhaled toxicants to lung and other diseases, it is necessary to determine the physical mechanisms and parameters that have significant impacts on droplet/vapor transport and deposition. Complex mechanisms include droplet coagulation, hygroscopic growth, condensation and evaporation, vapor formation and changes in composition. Of interest are also different puffing behavior, smoke inlet conditions, subject geometries, and mass transfer of deposited material into systemic regions. This review article is intended to serve as an overview of contributions mainly published between 2009 and 2013, focusing on the potential health risks of toxicants in cigarette smoke, progress made in different approaches of impact analyses for inhaled toxic aerosols, as well as challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mail:
- Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mail:
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