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Liu F, Wei L, Zheng B, Su X, Ju J, Liu G, Liu Q. Value of exhaled hydrogen sulfide in early diagnosis of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:321. [PMID: 38807679 PMCID: PMC11130606 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) has increased in recent years, and it exhibits a poor prognosis and a short survival period for patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and has been studied as a diagnostic factor in some tumor diseases. However, few studies have explored the diagnostic value of H2S for EJA. In the present study, a total of 56 patients with early-stage EJA were enrolled while 57 healthy individuals were selected as the healthy control group. Clinical features were recorded, and exhaled H2S and blood samples were collected from both groups. Exhaled H2S and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression levels were detected in both groups. The correlation between exhaled H2S and serum IL-8 levels was analyzed using Pearson's correlation method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of exhaled H2S combined with IL-8 detection in EJA. The results showed that patients with EJA exhaled more H2S than healthy individuals. In addition, exhaled H2S was positively correlated with increased IL-8 expression. The ROC curve revealed that the exhaled H2S test had an acceptable diagnostic effect and could be used to diagnose EJA. The increase in H2S exhaled by patients with EJA indicated that H2S may be related to the occurrence and development of EJA; however, the in vivo mechanism needs to be further explored. Collectively, it was determined in the present study that exhaled H2S was significantly higher in patients with early-stage EJA than in healthy controls and combined diagnosis with patient serum IL-8 could improve diagnostic accuracy, which has potential diagnostic value for early diagnosis and screening of EJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Hospital Quality and Control, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Bosheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050001, P.R. China
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2
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Arturo Tozzi, Minella R. Dynamics and metabolic effects of intestinal gases in healthy humans. Biochimie 2024; 221:81-90. [PMID: 38325747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Many living beings use exogenous and/or endogenous gases to attain evolutionary benefits. We make a comprehensive assessment of one of the major gaseous reservoirs in the human body, i.e., the bowel, providing extensive data that may serve as reference for future studies. We assess the intestinal gases in healthy humans, including their volume, composition, source and local distribution in proximal as well as distal gut. We analyse each one of the most abundant intestinal gases including nitrogen, oxygen, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and cyanide. For every gas, we describe diffusive patterns, active trans-barrier transport dynamics, chemical properties, intra-/extra-intestinal metabolic effects mediated by intracellular, extracellular, paracrine and distant actions. Further, we highlight the local and systemic roles of gasotransmitters, i.e., signalling gaseous molecules that can freely diffuse through the intestinal cellular membranes. Yet, we provide testable hypotheses concerning the still unknown effects of some intestinal gases on the myenteric and submucosal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311427, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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3
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Huang Y, Zheng E, Hu M, Yang X, Lan Q, Yu Y, Xu B. The impact of depression-mediated gut microbiota composition on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Mendelian study. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:15-25. [PMID: 38801922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study uses a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to delineate the causal influence of gut microbiota on the occurrence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), concurrently assessing the potential mediating function of depression within this framework. METHODS Several two-sample MR methods were used to assess the causal repercussions of gut microbiota on the onset of both IBS and depression. Following this, gut microbiota and depression, which demonstrated notable causal associations, were integrated as exposure variables in a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) framework to construct a model encompassing gut microbiota, depression, and IBS. Mediation effects were assessed by examining the indirect pathway of gut microbiota → depression → IBS. RESULTS Two-sample MR analysis unveiled a statistically significant causal association (P < 0.05) between specific bacterial group within the gut microbiota, notably p_Actinobacteria(OR = 0.829225), c_Clostridia(OR = 0.798897), s_Desulfovibrio_piger(OR = 1.163912), g_Streptococcus(OR = 1.132735), c_Actinobacteria(OR = 0.829224), and the onset of IBS. In the MVMR analysis, the relationship between depression and IBS was significant across Model 3, Model 7, Model 8, and Model 13 (P < 0.05). Assessment of mediation effects revealed that c_Clostridia and o_Clostridiales indirectly impacted IBS through depression, with masking effect ratios of 168.46 % and 168.44 %, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings underscore a resilient causal association between the composition of gut microbiota and the initiation of IBS. Furthermore, depression serves as a mediator for particular groups of gut bacteria, thereby contributing to the development of IBS. These observations imply that interventions targeting mental health may potentially alleviate the risk of IBS onset attributable to adverse configurations of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Endian Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaoli Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingcong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Ye J, Salti T, Zanditenas E, Trebicz-Geffen M, Benhar M, Ankri S. Impact of Reactive Sulfur Species on Entamoeba histolytica: Modulating Viability, Motility, and Biofilm Degradation Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38397843 PMCID: PMC10886169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH) emerged as key signaling molecules with diverse physiological roles in the body, depending on their concentration and the cellular environment. While it is known that H2S and Cys-SSH are produced by both colonocytes and by the gut microbiota through sulfur metabolism, it remains unknown how these RSS affect amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic protozoan that can be present in the human gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates H2S and Cys-SSH's impact on E. histolytica physiology and explores potential therapeutic implications. Exposing trophozoites to the H2S donor, sodium sulfide (Na2S), or to Cys-SSH led to rapid cytotoxicity. A proteomic analysis of Cys-SSH-challenged trophozoites resulted in the identification of >500 S-sulfurated proteins, which are involved in diverse cellular processes. Functional assessments revealed inhibited protein synthesis, altered cytoskeletal dynamics, and reduced motility in trophozoites treated with Cys-SSH. Notably, cysteine proteases (CPs) were significantly inhibited by S-sulfuration, affecting their bacterial biofilm degradation capacity. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed alterations in actin dynamics, corroborating the proteomic findings. Thus, our study reveals how RSS perturbs critical cellular functions in E. histolytica, potentially influencing its pathogenicity and interactions within the gut microbiota. Understanding these molecular mechanisms offers novel insights into amebiasis pathogenesis and unveils potential therapeutic avenues targeting RSS-mediated modifications in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Talal Salti
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Eva Zanditenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel (M.T.-G.)
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5
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Zou J, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Yao M, Chen Y, Li X, Chen Y, Ding W, Xia C, Zhao Y, Gao F. Hydrogen sulfide responsive nanoplatforms: Novel gas responsive drug delivery carriers for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100858. [PMID: 38362469 PMCID: PMC10867614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, essential gas used in various biological and physical processes and has been the subject of many targeted studies on its role as a new gas transmitter. These studies have mainly focused on the production and pharmacological side effects caused by H2S. Therefore, effective strategies to remove H2S has become a key research topic. Furthermore, the development of novel nanoplatforms has provided new tools for the targeted removal of H2S. This paper was performed to review the association between H2S and disease, related H2S inhibitory drugs, as well as H2S responsive nanoplatforms (HRNs). This review first analyzed the role of H2S in multiple tissues and conditions. Second, common drugs used to eliminate H2S, as well as their potential for combination with anticancer agents, were summarized. Not only the existing studies on HRNs, but also the inhibition H2S combined with different therapeutic methods were both sorted out in this review. Furthermore, this review provided in-depth analysis of the potential of HRNs about treatment or detection in detail. Finally, potential challenges of HRNs were proposed. This study demonstrates the excellent potential of HRNs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zeting Yuan
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - You Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Yao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxing Ding
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuanhe Xia
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Zou Y, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Yue Z, Liu J, Fan L, Xu H, Xin L. The Role of Methionine Restriction in Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Mechanisms and a Discussion on Tumor Heterogeneity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:161. [PMID: 38397398 PMCID: PMC10887009 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally and has long been a topic of passionate discussion among numerous individuals. However, the incidence of gastric cancer in society has not decreased, but instead has shown a gradual increase in recent years. For more than a decade, the treatment effect of gastric cancer has not been significantly improved. This is attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer, which makes popular targeted therapies ineffective. Methionine is an essential amino acid, and many studies have shown that it is involved in the development of gastric cancer. Our study aimed to review the literature on methionine and gastric cancer, describing its mechanism of action to show that tumor heterogeneity in gastric cancer does not hinder the effectiveness of methionine-restricted therapies. This research also aimed to provide insight into the inhibition of gastric cancer through metabolic reprogramming with methionine-restricted therapies, thereby demonstrating their potential as adjuvant treatments for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (L.F.); (H.X.)
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Barrack KE, Hampton TH, Valls RA, Surve SV, Gardner TB, Sanville JL, Madan JL, O’Toole GA. An in vitro medium for modeling gut dysbiosis associated with cystic fibrosis. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0028623. [PMID: 38169295 PMCID: PMC10810206 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00286-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut physiology of pediatric and adult persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is altered relative to healthy persons. The CF gut is characterized, in part, as having excess mucus, increased fat content, acidic pH, increased inflammation, increased antibiotic perturbation, and the potential for increased oxygen availability. These physiological differences shift nutritional availability and the local environment for intestinal microbes, thus likely driving significant changes in microbial metabolism, colonization, and competition with other microbes. The impact of any specific change in this physiological landscape is difficult to parse using human or animal studies. Thus, we have developed a novel culture medium representative of the CF gut environment, inclusive of all the aforementioned features. This medium, called CF-MiPro, maintains CF gut microbiome communities, while significantly shifting nonCF gut microbiome communities toward a CF-like microbial profile, characterized by low Bacteroidetes and high Proteobacteria abundance. This medium is able to maintain this culture composition for up to 5 days of passage. Additionally, microbial communities passaged in CF-MiPro produce significantly less immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including propionate and butyrate, than communities passaged in MiPro, a culture medium representative of healthy gut physiology, confirming not only a shift in microbial composition but also altered community function. Our results support the potential for this in vitro culture medium as a new tool for the study of CF gut dysbiosis. IMPORTANCE Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease that disrupts ion transport at mucosal surfaces, leading to mucus accumulation and altered physiology of both the lungs and the intestines, among other organs, with the resulting altered environment contributing to an imbalance of microbial communities. Culture media representative of the CF airway have been developed and validated; however, no such medium exists for modeling the CF intestine. Here, we develop and validate a first-generation culture medium inclusive of features that are altered in the CF colon. Our findings suggest this novel medium, called CF-MiPro, as a maintenance medium for CF gut microbiome samples and a flexible tool for studying key drivers of CF-associated gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Barrack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas H. Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Valls
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sarvesh V. Surve
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Timothy B. Gardner
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Julie L. Sanville
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Juliette L. Madan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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8
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Krishnamurthy HK, Pereira M, Bosco J, George J, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244293. [PMID: 38029089 PMCID: PMC10666787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review This review comprehensively discusses the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease and sheds light on the importance of a holistic approach in assessing the gut. Recent findings The gut microbiome consisting of the bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, and virome has a profound effect on human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations in the microbial population not only results in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. Gut microorganisms also produce metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and so on) that are important for several interkingdom microbial interactions and functions. They also participate in various host metabolic processes. An alteration in the microbial species can affect their respective metabolite concentrations which can have serious health implications. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome and its metabolites is crucial as it can provide insights into one's overall health. Summary Emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease. As it is implicated in GI as well as extra-GI symptoms, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of the host. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome may provide insights into one's health status leading to more holistic care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jophi Bosco
- Vibrant America LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), including etiology and risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation for suspected SIBO, and therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in breath testing, capsule and urine-based testing have opened new avenues and improved diagnostic yield of SIBO. Nonantibiotic-based treatment strategies have shown promising results in initial trials. SUMMARY Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition defined by the excess bacteria or changes in bacterial composition of the small intestine. These are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as bloating, abdominal distension, diarrhea, nutrient deficiencies, and even frank weight loss. Small bowel jejunal aspirate of >10 5 CFU/ml has traditionally been considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Glucose and lactulose breath testing have become more common in clinical practice as they are noninvasive, easily accessible, and have lower cost. Treatment focuses on the eradication of excess bacteria in the small bowel and is traditionally done with the use of oral antibiotics. Other emerging therapies may include probiotics, diet manipulation, and prokinetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Zafar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
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10
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Khan S, Aziz S, Waqas M, Kakar MA, Ahmad S. Targeted vaccine development against Bilophila wadsworthia to curb colon diseases: A multiepitope approach based on reverse vaccinology and computational analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126002. [PMID: 37506789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing bacteria, particularly Bilophila wadsworthia in appendices, is linked to a weaker colonic mucus barrier, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Thus, targeting this bacterium could reduce sulfide levels and address associated health concerns. Here, we utilized reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics to design a chimeric vaccine against B. wadsworthia, focusing on membrane-bound and extracellular proteins. Subtractive proteome analysis identified 18 potential vaccine candidates (PVCs), from which six B-cell, eight CD8+ T cell, and six CD4+ T cell epitopes were predicted. Chosen epitopes were assessed for immunological properties and cross-reactivity with human and mouse proteomes. Subsequently, these epitopes were fused with appropriate linkers, PADRE epitope, TAT peptide, and Cholera Toxin B subunit adjuvant to form a robust multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). The MEV's tertiary structure was modelled and validated for reliable analysis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated stable binding of MEV with Toll-like receptor 4. The MEV showed favorable physicochemical characteristics, high expression potential in Escherichia coli, broad population coverage (∼98 %), and cross-protection against different B. wadsworthia strains. Immune simulation suggested induction of strong B and T cell responses, including primary, secondary, and tertiary immune responses. Further experimental studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - Sohail Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
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Bi Z, Chen J, Chang X, Li D, Yao Y, Cai F, Xu H, Cheng J, Hua Z, Zhuang H. ADT-OH improves intestinal barrier function and remodels the gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis. Front Med 2023; 17:972-992. [PMID: 37507636 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide, effective and safe treatments for IBD are urgently needed. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter and plays an important role in inflammation. To date, H2S-releasing agents are viewed as potential anti-inflammatory drugs. The slow-releasing H2S donor 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (ADT-OH), known as a potent therapeutic with chemopreventive and cytoprotective properties, has received attention recently. Here, we reported its anti-inflammatory effects on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute (7 days) and chronic (30 days) colitis. We found that ADT-OH effectively reduced the DSS-colitis clinical score and reversed the inflammation-induced shortening of colon length. Moreover, ADT-OH reduced intestinal inflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway. In vivo and in vitro results showed that ADT-OH decreased intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin and blocking increases in myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation and epithelial myosin light chain kinase protein expression levels. In addition, ADT-OH restored intestinal microbiota dysbiosis characterized by the significantly increased abundance of Muribaculaceae and Alistipes and markedly decreased abundance of Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, Parasutterella, and Desulfovibrio. Transplanting ADT-OH-modulated microbiota can alleviate DSS-induced colitis and negatively regulate the expression of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, ADT-OH is safe without any short-term (5 days) or long-term (30 days) toxicological adverse effects and can be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Bi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyao Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dangran Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yingying Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, China.
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Wang CM, Fernez MT, Woolston BM, Carrier RL. Native gastrointestinal mucus: Critical features and techniques for studying interactions with drugs, drug carriers, and bacteria. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:114966. [PMID: 37329985 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucus plays essential roles in modulating interactions between intestinal lumen contents, including orally delivered drug carriers and the gut microbiome, and underlying epithelial and immune tissues and cells. This review is focused on the properties of and methods for studying native gastrointestinal mucus and its interactions with intestinal lumen contents, including drug delivery systems, drugs, and bacteria. The properties of gastrointestinal mucus important to consider in its analysis are first presented, followed by a discussion of different experimental setups used to study gastrointestinal mucus. Applications of native intestinal mucus are then described, including experimental methods used to study mucus as a barrier to drug delivery and interactions with intestinal lumen contents that impact barrier properties. Given the significance of the microbiota in health and disease, its impact on drug delivery and drug metabolism, and the use of probiotics and microbe-based delivery systems, analysis of interactions of bacteria with native intestinal mucus is then reviewed. Specifically, bacteria adhesion to, motility within, and degradation of mucus is discussed. Literature noted is focused largely on applications of native intestinal mucus models as opposed to isolated mucins or reconstituted mucin gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew T Fernez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Woolston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Jo Y, Lee G, Ahmad S, Son H, Kim MJ, Sliti A, Lee S, Kim K, Lee SE, Shin JH. The Alteration of the Gut Microbiome during Ramadan Offers a Novel Perspective on Ramadan Fasting: A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2106. [PMID: 37630666 PMCID: PMC10459652 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An intermittent fasting regimen is widely perceived to lead to various beneficial health effects, including weight loss, the alleviation of insulin resistance, and the restructuring of a healthy gut microbiome. Because it shares certain commonalities with this dietary intervention, Ramadan fasting is sometimes misinterpreted as intermittent fasting, even though there are clear distinctions between these two regimens. The main purpose of this study is to verify whether Ramadan fasting drives the same beneficial effects as intermittent fasting by monitoring alterations in the gut microbiota. We conducted a study involving 20 Muslim individuals who were practicing Ramadan rituals and assessed the composition of their gut microbiomes during the 4-week period of Ramadan and the subsequent 8-week period post-Ramadan. Fecal microbiome analysis was conducted, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The observed decrease in the levels of SCFAs and beneficial bacteria during Ramadan, along with the increased microbial diversity post-Ramadan, suggests that the daily diet during Ramadan may not provide adequate nutrients to maintain robust gut microbiota. Additionally, the notable disparities in the functional genes detected through the metagenomic analysis and the strong correlation between Lactobacillus and SCFAs provide further support for our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJae Jo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Amani Sliti
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- Institute of Quality and Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Products, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.); (G.L.); (S.A.); (H.S.); (M.-J.K.); (A.S.); (S.-E.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- NGS Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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14
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Xiao Y, He H, Xiang L, Gu H, Xu Z, Luo H, Ren X, Li B, Wei Q, Zhu Z, Zhou H, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Peng L, Wang Y, Jiang Y. Association between sulfur microbial diet and the risk of colorectal cancer precursors in older adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1167372. [PMID: 37645627 PMCID: PMC10461007 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfur microbial diet (SMD), related to the enrichment of sulfur-metabolizing gut bacteria, has been confirmed to be linked to an elevated risk of early-onset colorectal adenoma in young females. However, it remains unclear whether SMD is associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma in older people, who are at greater risk for colorectal cancer. Methods All data on participants in this study were retrieved from the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening test. Participants' adherence to this dietary pattern was assessed using SMD score. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adopted in Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the link between SMD score and the incidence of colorectal adenoma in participants included in the study. Specific stratified analyses were constructed to assess whether this association changed in different conditions, whereas the robustness of the association was examined through sensitivity analyses. Results The mean baseline age of participants was 62.1 (SD 5.2) years (range 54.0-75.0 years). During 19,468,589 person-years of follow-up, 992 colorectal adenoma cases were documented in a total of 17,627 included participants. In a fully adjusted model, an increased risk of colorectal adenoma was determined in participants in the highest quartile of SMD score in comparison with those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile4 vs. HRquartile1 = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47; p = 0.017 for trend). This positive association between SMD score and adenoma risk was more evident in participants who were current or former smokers (p = 0.029 for interaction). Conclusion In this study, our results support a role for the SMD in the carcinogenicity of colorectal cancer precursors among older adults. Nevertheless, these results require validation through more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorui Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Stummer N, Feichtinger RG, Weghuber D, Kofler B, Schneider AM. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1570. [PMID: 37627565 PMCID: PMC10452036 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), originally known as toxic gas, has now attracted attention as one of the gasotransmitters involved in many reactions in the human body. H2S has been assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, of which the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. One of them is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal disease subclassified as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Any change in the amount of H2S seems to be linked to inflammation in this illness. These changes can be brought about by alterations in the microbiota, in the endogenous metabolism of H2S and in the diet. As both too little and too much H2S drive inflammation, a balanced level is needed for intestinal health. The aim of this review is to summarize the available literature published until June 2023 in order to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the connection between H2S and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.S.); (R.G.F.); (D.W.); (B.K.)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.S.); (R.G.F.); (D.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.S.); (R.G.F.); (D.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.S.); (R.G.F.); (D.W.); (B.K.)
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna M. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.S.); (R.G.F.); (D.W.); (B.K.)
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16
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Barrack KE, Hampton TH, Valls RA, Surve SV, Gardner TB, Sanville JL, Madan JC, O’Toole GA. An In Vitro Medium for Modeling Gut Dysbiosis Associated with Cystic Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551570. [PMID: 37577487 PMCID: PMC10418193 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut physiology of pediatric and adult persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) is altered relative to healthy persons. The CF gut is characterized, in part, as having excess mucus, increased fat content, acidic pH, increased inflammation, increased antibiotic perturbation and the potential for increased oxygen availability. These physiological differences shift nutritional availability and the local environment for intestinal microbes, thus likely driving significant changes in microbial metabolism, colonization and competition with other microbes. The impact of any specific change in this physiological landscape is difficult to parse using human or animal studies. Thus, we have developed a novel culture medium representative of the CF gut environment, inclusive of all the aforementioned features. This medium, called CF-MiPro, maintains CF gut microbiome communities, while significantly shifting non-CF gut microbiome communities toward a CF-like microbial profile, characterized by low Bacteroidetes and high Proteobacteria abundance. This medium is able to maintain this culture composition for up to 5 days of passage. Additionally, microbial communities passaged in CF-MiPro produce significantly less immunomodulatory short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including propionate and butyrate, than communities passaged in MiPro, a culture medium representative of healthy gut physiology, confirming not only a shift in microbial composition but altered community function. Our results support the potential for this in vitro culture medium as a new tool for the study of gut dysbiosis in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Barrack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas H. Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Valls
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sarvesh V. Surve
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Timothy B. Gardner
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Julie L. Sanville
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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17
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Lyu Z, Hu Y, Guo Y, Liu D. Modulation of bone remodeling by the gut microbiota: a new therapy for osteoporosis. Bone Res 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 37296111 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that the GM may significantly influence bone metabolism and degenerative skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP). Interventions targeting GM modification, including probiotics or antibiotics, have been found to affect bone remodeling. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research on the role of GM in regulating bone remodeling and seeks to elucidate the regulatory mechanism from various perspectives, such as the interaction with the immune system, interplay with estrogen or parathyroid hormone (PTH), the impact of GM metabolites, and the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Moreover, this review explores the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for OP. The insights presented may contribute to the development of innovative GM-targeted therapies for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Gallet A, Halary S, Duval C, Huet H, Duperron S, Marie B. Disruption of fish gut microbiota composition and holobiont's metabolome during a simulated Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) bloom. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:108. [PMID: 37194081 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacterial blooms are one of the most common stressors encountered by metazoans living in freshwater lentic systems such as lakes and ponds. Blooms reportedly impair fish health, notably through oxygen depletion and production of bioactive compounds including cyanotoxins. However, in the times of the "microbiome revolution", it is surprising that so little is still known regarding the influence of blooms on fish microbiota. In this study, an experimental approach is used to demonstrate that blooms affect fish microbiome composition and functions, as well as the metabolome of holobionts. To this end, the model teleost Oryzias latipes is exposed to simulated Microcystis aeruginosa blooms of various intensities in a microcosm setting, and the response of bacterial gut communities is evaluated in terms of composition and metabolome profiling. Metagenome-encoded functions are compared after 28 days between control individuals and those exposed to highest bloom level. RESULTS The gut bacterial community of O. latipes exhibits marked responses to the presence of M. aeruginosa blooms in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, abundant gut-associated Firmicutes almost disappear, while potential opportunists increase. The holobiont's gut metabolome displays major changes, while functions encoded in the metagenome of bacterial partners are more marginally affected. Bacterial communities tend to return to original composition after the end of the bloom and remain sensitive in case of a second bloom, reflecting a highly reactive gut community. CONCLUSION Gut-associated bacterial communities and holobiont functioning are affected by both short and long exposure to M. aeruginosa, and show evidence of post-bloom resilience. These findings point to the significance of bloom events to fish health and fitness, including survival and reproduction, through microbiome-related effects. In the context of increasingly frequent and intense blooms worldwide, potential outcomes relevant to conservation biology as well as aquaculture warrant further investigation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gallet
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Halary
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- UMR1161 Virologie, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, INRA - ANSES - ENVA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
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19
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Duizer C, de Zoete MR. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8024. [PMID: 37175726 PMCID: PMC10178193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of bacterial members of the microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become clear in recent years. However, exactly how bacteria contribute to the development of cancer is often still up for debate. The impact of bacteria-derived metabolites, which can influence the development of CRC either in a promoting or inhibiting manner, is undeniable. Here, we discuss the effects of the most well-studied bacteria-derived metabolites associated with CRC, including secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide and indoles. We show that the effects of individual metabolites on CRC development are often nuanced and dose- and location-dependent. In the coming years, the array of metabolites involved in CRC development will undoubtedly increase further, which will emphasize the need to focus on causation and mechanisms and the clearly defined roles of bacterial species within the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel R. de Zoete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Niekamp P, Kim CH. Microbial Metabolite Dysbiosis and Colorectal Cancer. Gut Liver 2023; 17:190-203. [PMID: 36632785 PMCID: PMC10018301 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to continuously increase. Through research performed in the past decades, the effects of various environmental factors on CRC development have been well identified. Diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites are key environmental factors that profoundly affect CRC development. Major microbial metabolites with a relevance for CRC prevention and pathogenesis include dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, indole metabolites, polyamines, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate, and hydrogen sulfide. These metabolites regulate various cell types in the intestine, leading to an altered intestinal barrier, immunity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The physical, chemical, and metabolic properties of these metabolites along with their distinct functions to trigger host receptors appear to largely determine their effects in regulating CRC development. In this review, we will discuss the current advances in our understanding of the major CRC-regulating microbial metabolites, focusing on their production and interactive effects on immune responses and tumorigenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Colon-targeted bacterial hydrogel for tumor vascular normalization and improved chemotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 356:59-71. [PMID: 36842488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous H2S plays an important role in the occurrence and development of colon cancer, and is related to the abnormal blood vessels. Here, we reported on a sulfhydryl hyaluronid-based hydrogel (HA-SH) synthesized by amide reaction and further obtained a bacterial hydrogel by loading Thiobacillus denitrificans to the hydrogel for targeting adhesion to the colon. It was found that the loaded bacteria in HA-SH hydrogel can scavenge excess H2S in colon cancer, then promote tumor vascular normalization and improve the delivery of chemotherapy drug CPT to inhibit tumor progression. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that the self-crosslinked bacterial hydrogel has satisfactory effects in inhibiting tumor progression and promoting tumor vascular normalization in colon cancer. This study presents an efficient method to target the colon and consume overexpressed H2S in colon cancer to inhabit tumor progression, providing a new way for oral drug treatment of colon cancer.
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22
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Zhou L, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Xing J, Wang D, Tang D. Progress of gut microbiome and its metabolomics in early screening of colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03097-6. [PMID: 36790675 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes are widely considered to be closely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The microbiota is regarded as a potential identifier of CRC, as several studies have found great significant changes in CRC patients' microbiota and metabolic groups. Changes in microbiota, like Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis, also alter the metabolic activity of the host, promoting CRC development. In contrast, the metabolome is an intuitive discriminative biomarker as a small molecular bridge to distinguish CRC from healthy individuals due to the direct action of microbes on the host. More diagnostic microbial markers have been found, and the potential discriminatory power of microorganisms in CRC has been investigated through the combined use of biomic genomic metabolomics, bringing new ideas for screening fecal microbial markers. In this paper, we discuss the potential of microorganisms and their metabolites as biomarkers in CRC screening, hoping to provide thoughts and references for non-invasive screening of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Lin H, Yu Y, Zhu L, Lai N, Zhang L, Guo Y, Lin X, Yang D, Ren N, Zhu Z, Dong Q. Implications of hydrogen sulfide in colorectal cancer: Mechanistic insights and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102601. [PMID: 36630819 PMCID: PMC9841368 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule in colorectal cancer (CRC). It is produced in the colon by the catalytic synthesis of the colonocytes' enzymatic systems and the release of intestinal microbes, and is oxidatively metabolized in the colonocytes' mitochondria. Both endogenous H2S in colonic epithelial cells and exogenous H2S in intestinal lumen contribute to the onset and progression of CRC. The up-regulation of endogenous synthetases is thought to be the cause of the elevated H2S levels in CRC cells. Different diagnostic probes and combination therapies, as well as tumor treatment approaches through H2S modulation, have been developed in recent years and have become active area of investigation for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. In this review, we focus on the specific mechanisms of H2S production and oxidative metabolism as well as the function of H2S in the occurrence, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. We also discuss the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Nannan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
| | - Ning Ren
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, And Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, China.
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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24
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Rong F, Wang T, Zhou Q, Peng H, Yang J, Fan Q, Li P. Intelligent polymeric hydrogen sulfide delivery systems for therapeutic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:198-216. [PMID: 35510171 PMCID: PMC9034248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in regulating various pathological processes such as protecting mammalian cell from harmful injuries, promoting tissue regeneration, and regulating the process of various diseases caused by physiological disorders. Studies have revealed that the physiological effects of H2S are highly associated with its concentrations. At relatively low concentration, H2S shows beneficial functions. However, long-time and high-dose donation of H2S would inhibit regular biological process, resulting in cell dysfunction and apoptosis. To regulate the dosage of H2S delivery for precision medicine, H2S delivery systems with intelligent characteristics were developed and a variety of biocompatibility polymers have been utilized to establish intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems, with the abilities to specifically target the lesions, smartly respond to pathological microenvironments, as well as real-timely monitor H2S delivery and lesion conditions by incorporating imaging-capable moieties. In this review, we focus on the design, preparation, and therapeutic applications of intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems in cardiovascular therapy, inflammatory therapy, tissue regenerative therapy, cancer therapy and bacteria-associated therapy. Strategies for precise H2S therapies especially imaging-guided H2S theranostics are highlighted. Since H2S donors with stimuli-responsive characters are vital components for establishing intelligent H2S delivery systems, the development of H2S donors is also briefly introduced. H2S is an endogenous gasotransmitter that plays important role in regulating various physiological and pathological pathways. Controlled H2S delivery is vital since the therapeutic effects of H2S are highly associated with its concentrations. Intelligent polymeric H2S delivery systems possess specific targeting, stimuli responsive and imaging guided capabilities, representing a strategic option for next generation of therapies.
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25
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Caminero A, Guzman M, Libertucci J, Lomax AE. The emerging roles of bacterial proteases in intestinal diseases. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2181922. [PMID: 36843008 PMCID: PMC9980614 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2181922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that degrade peptide bonds and have been implicated in several common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although luminal proteolytic activity is important for maintenance of homeostasis and health, the current review describes recent advances in our understanding of how overactivity of luminal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and GI infections. Luminal proteases, many of which are produced by the microbiota, can modulate the immunogenicity of dietary antigens, reduce mucosal barrier function and activate pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive host signaling. Increased proteolytic activity has been ascribed to both increases in protease production and decreases in inhibitors of luminal proteases. With the identification of strains of bacteria that are important sources of proteases and their inhibitors, the stage is set to develop drug or microbial therapies to restore protease balance and alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mabel Guzman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E. Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Alan E. Lomax Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
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26
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Su Q, Tun HM, Liu Q, Yeoh YK, Mak JWY, Chan FKL, Ng SC. Gut microbiome signatures reflect different subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2157697. [PMID: 36573834 PMCID: PMC9809927 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2157697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous condition with multifactorial pathogenesis. We studied deeply phenotyped individuals with microbiota sequencing enrolled in the American Gut Project. The IBS subjects were matched by age, gender, body mass index, geography, and dietary patterns with non-IBS controls. A total of 942 subjects with IBS-Diarrhea (IBS-D), IBS-Constipation (IBS-C), unclassified IBS (IBS-U), and 942 non-IBS controls were included. We compared taxonomic and functional composition of gut microbiota based on 16S sequencing data and linked them with clinical characteristics and dietary factors. Subjects with IBS-D or IBS-U but not IBS-C showed significantly reduced bacterial diversity (Shannon; p < .01). Distinct bacterial signatures were associated with different IBS subtypes, and the related functional changes were related to IBS pathogenesis, such as the increased hydrogen sulfide production pathway in IBS-D and the increased palmitoleate biosynthesis pathway in IBS-C. IBS subjects with depression showed lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Sutterella, Butyricimonas and higher abundance of Proteus than those without depression. The relative abundance of microbial short-chain fatty acid production pathways was significantly lower in IBS patients with depression than those without depression in all three subtypes. Female, younger age in IBS-D, and older age in IBS-C were associated with more severe microbiota dysbiosis, and distinct dietary factors had significant effects on the gut microbiota in different IBS subtypes. Our analysis identified the compositional uniqueness of gut microbiota in different IBS subtypes. Distinct associations of the gut microbiota with depression in IBS provide insights into shared pathways in disease pathogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of personalized gut microbiome modulation approaches in different subtypes for optimal therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Wing Yan Mak
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis KL Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,CONTACT Siew C Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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27
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Wang Z, Dan W, Zhang N, Fang J, Yang Y. Colorectal cancer and gut microbiota studies in China. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2236364. [PMID: 37482657 PMCID: PMC10364665 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2236364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of CRC have been increasing in China, possibly due to economic development, lifestyle, and dietary changes. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of CRC. Gut dysbiosis, specific pathogenic microbes, metabolites, virulence factors, and microbial carcinogenic mechanisms contribute to the initiation and progression of CRC. Gut microbiota biomarkers have potential translational applications in CRC screening and early diagnosis. Gut microbiota-related interventions could improve anti-tumor therapy's efficacy and severe intestinal toxic effects. Chinese researchers have made many achievements in the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC, although some challenges remain. This review summarizes the current evidence from China on the role of gut microbiota in CRC, mainly including the gut microbiota characteristics, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra, which have been identified to be enriched in CRC patients; microbial pathogens such as F. nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and P. micra, which Chinese scientists have extensively studied; diagnostic biomarkers especially F. nucleatum; therapeutic effects, including microecological agents represented by certain Lactobacillus strains, fecal microbiota transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicines such as Berberine and Curcumin. More efforts should be focused on exploring the underlying mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis of CRC and providing novel gut microbiota-related therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Wang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyue Dan
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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28
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Methanogens and Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Guide Distinct Gut Microbe Profiles and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:2055-2066. [PMID: 36114762 PMCID: PMC9722381 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) includes diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D) and constipation-predominant (IBS-C) subtypes. We combined breath testing and stool microbiome sequencing to identify potential microbial drivers of IBS subtypes. METHODS IBS-C and IBS-D subjects from 2 randomized controlled trials (NCT03763175 and NCT04557215) were included. Baseline breath carbon dioxide, hydrogen (H 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) levels were measured by gas chromatography, and baseline stool microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial metabolic pathways were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes collection databases. RESULTS IBS-C subjects had higher breath CH 4 that correlated with higher gut microbial diversity and higher relative abundance (RA) of stool methanogens, predominantly Methanobrevibacter , as well as higher absolute abundance of Methanobrevibacter smithii in stool. IBS-D subjects had higher breath H 2 that correlated with lower microbial diversity and higher breath H 2 S that correlated with higher RA of H 2 S-producing bacteria, including Fusobacterium and Desulfovibrio spp. The predominant H 2 producers were different in these distinct microtypes, with higher RA of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae in IBS-C/CH 4 + (which correlated with Methanobacteriaceae RA) and higher Enterobacteriaceae RA in IBS-D. Finally, microbial metabolic pathway analysis revealed enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes modules associated with methanogenesis and biosynthesis of methanogenesis cofactor F420 in IBS-C/CH 4 + subjects, whereas modules associated with H 2 S production, including sulfate reduction pathways, were enriched in IBS-D. DISCUSSION Our findings identify distinct gut microtypes linked to breath gas patterns in IBS-C and IBS-D subjects, driven by methanogens such as M. smithii and H 2 S producers such as Fusobacterium and Desulfovibrio spp, respectively.
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29
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Stummer N, Weghuber D, Feichtinger RG, Huber S, Mayr JA, Kofler B, Neureiter D, Klieser E, Hochmann S, Lauth W, Schneider AM. Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolizing Enzymes in the Intestinal Mucosa in Pediatric and Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2235. [PMID: 36421421 PMCID: PMC9686699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas that has important regulatory functions. In the colon, H2S can be produced and detoxified endogenously. Both too little and too much H2S exposure are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal disease mainly classified as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). As the pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive, this study's aim was to investigate potential differences in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes in normal aging and IBD. Intestinal mucosal biopsies of 25 adults and 22 children with IBD along with those of 26 healthy controls were stained immunohistochemically for cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), 3-mercapto-sulfurtransferase (3-MST), ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein (ETHE1), sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST). Expression levels were calculated by multiplication of the staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells. Healthy adults showed an overall trend towards lower expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes than healthy children. Adults with IBD also tended to have lower expression compared to controls. A similar trend was seen in the enzyme expression of children with IBD compared to controls. These results indicate an age-related decrease in the expression of H2S-metabolizing enzymes and a dysfunctional H2S metabolism in IBD, which was less pronounced in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Stummer
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Huber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wanda Lauth
- Department of Mathematics, Paris Lodron University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna M. Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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30
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Zhang J, Cen L, Zhang X, Tang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Lu C, Li M, Li S, Lin B, Zhang T, Song X, Yu C, Wu H, Shen Z. MPST deficiency promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via AKT. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102469. [PMID: 36126419 PMCID: PMC9486620 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are considered the main characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity in IBD. The main aim of this study was to explore the role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), a key enzyme that regulates endogenous H2S biosynthesis, in IBD. Methods Colonic MPST expression was evaluated in mice and patients with IBD. Various approaches were used to explore the concrete mechanism underlying MPST regulation of the progression of colitis through in vivo and in vitro models. Results MPST expression was markedly decreased in colonic samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) and from mice treated with DSS. MPST deficiency significantly aggravated the symptoms of murine colitis, exacerbated inflammatory responses and apoptosis, and inhibited epithelium stem cell-derived organoid formation in an H2S-independent manner. Consistently, when HT29 cells were treated with TNF-α, inhibition of MPST significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the amount of ROS and the prevalence of apoptosis, whereas overexpression of MPST markedly improved these effects. RNA-seq analysis showed that MPST might play a role in regulating apoptosis through AKT signaling. Mechanistically, MPST directly interacted with AKT and reduced the phosphorylation of AKT. Additionally, MPST expression was positively correlated with AKT expression in human IBD samples. In addition, overexpression of AKT rescued IEC apoptosis caused by MPST deficiency, while inhibition of AKT significantly aggravated it. Conclusions MPST protects the intestines from inflammation most likely by regulating the AKT/apoptosis axis in IECs. Our results may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Li Cen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chao Lu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bingru Lin
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Song
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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31
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Liu H, Lin Q, Liu X, Huang P, Yang Z, Cao M, Liu M, Li X, Zeng J, He J. Effects of Dietary Bopu Powder Supplementation on Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Egg Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902784. [PMID: 35936887 PMCID: PMC9353574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bopu powder supplementation on the serum antioxidant capacity, serum biochemical indices, egg quality, and intestinal microbiota. Six hundred and forty-eight 33-week-old Lohmann Brown commercial laying hens were randomly allocated into six groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Bopu powder for 8 weeks, denoted BP0, BP25, BP50, BP100, BP200, and BP400, respectively. The results showed that dietary Bopu powder supplementation reduced serum cholesterol concentrations (linear, p < 0.01) while increasing serum globulin and albumin concentrations (linear, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the BP50 and BP100 groups had greater serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The egg Haugh Units were considerably higher in BP25 and BP50 (p < 0.05), and eggshell thickness was higher in BP25, BP200, and BP400 (p < 0.05) when compared to BP0. Dietary treatment with Bopu powder at doses ranging from 25–100 mg/kg improved glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities while decreasing malondialdehyde concentrations in the yolk (p < 0.05). The addition of Bopu powder increased the diversity of microbiota and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in the gut. For instance, dietary Bopu powder supplementation of 25–50 mg/kg significantly raised the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Fusobacterium in the foregut. Supplementing the diet with 50–100 mg/kg of Bopu powder improved the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the hindgut. In conclusion, dietary Bopu powder supplementation enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the foregut of laying hens and improved egg quality and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, in the laying hen diet, the optimal dosage of Bopu powder additive was 25–50 mg/kg.
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32
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Tiamani K, Luo S, Schulz S, Xue J, Costa R, Khan Mirzaei M, Deng L. The role of virome in the gastrointestinal tract and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6608358. [PMID: 35700129 PMCID: PMC9629487 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut virome is comprised of diverse commensal and pathogenic viruses. The colonization by these viruses begins right after birth through vaginal delivery, then continues through breastfeeding, and broader environmental exposure. Their constant interaction with their bacterial hosts in the body shapes not only our microbiomes but us. In addition, these viruses interact with the immune cells, trigger a broad range of immune responses, and influence different metabolic pathways. Besides its key role in regulating the human gut homeostasis, the intestinal virome contributes to disease development in distant organs, both directly and indirectly. In this review, we will describe the changes in the gut virome through life, health, and disease, followed by discussing the interactions between the virome, the microbiome, and the human host as well as providing an overview of their contribution to gut disease and disease of distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jinling Xue
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rita Costa
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Microbial Disease Prevention, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Corresponding author: Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Prevention of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany. E-mail:
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Khoo C, Duysburgh C, Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Zhang D. A Freeze-Dried Cranberry Powder Consistently Enhances SCFA Production and Lowers Abundance of Opportunistic Pathogens In Vitro. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11020014. [PMID: 35822787 PMCID: PMC9264401 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, contains fibers and (poly)phenols that could exert health-promoting effects through modulation of gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate how a freeze-dried whole cranberry powder (FCP) modulated metabolite production and microbial composition using both a 48-h incubation strategy and a long-term human gut simulator study with the M-SHIME (Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). FCP was repeatedly administered over three weeks. The studies included five and three study subjects, respectively. In both models, FCP significantly increased levels of health-related short-chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate, propionate and butyrate), while decreased levels of branched-chain fatty acids (markers of proteolytic fermentation). Interestingly, FCP consistently increased luminal Bacteroidetes abundances in the proximal colon of the M-SHIME (+17.5 ± 9.3%) at the expense of Proteobacteria (−10.2 ± 1.5%). At family level, this was due to the stimulation of Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae and a decrease of Pseudomonodaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Despite of interpersonal differences, FCP also increased the abundance of families of known butyrate producers. Overall, FCP displayed an interesting prebiotic potential in vitro given its selective utilization by host microorganisms and potential health-related effects on inhibition of pathogens and selective stimulation of beneficial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Bridge Street 152, Middleborough, MA 02349, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Cindy Duysburgh
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Derek Zhang
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Bridge Street 152, Middleborough, MA 02349, USA
- IQVIA, Emperor Boulevard 4820, Durham, NC 27703, USA;
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Abstract
Temperate phages (prophages) are ubiquitous in nature and persist as dormant components of host cells (lysogenic stage) before activating and lysing the host (lytic stage). Actively replicating prophages contribute to central community processes, such as enabling bacterial virulence, manipulating biogeochemical cycling, and driving microbial community diversification. Recent advances in sequencing technology have allowed for the identification and characterization of diverse phages, yet no approaches currently exist for identifying if a prophage has activated. Here, we present PropagAtE (Prophage Activity Estimator), an automated software tool for estimating if a prophage is in the lytic or lysogenic stage of infection. PropagAtE uses statistical analyses of prophage-to-host read coverage ratios to decipher actively replicating prophages, irrespective of whether prophages were induced or spontaneously activated. We demonstrate that PropagAtE is fast, accurate, and sensitive, regardless of sequencing depth. Application of PropagAtE to prophages from 348 complex metagenomes from human gut, murine gut, and soil environments identified distinct spatial and temporal prophage activation signatures, with the highest proportion of active prophages in murine gut samples. In infants treated with antibiotics or infants without treatment, we identified active prophage populations correlated with specific treatment groups. Within time series samples from the human gut, 11 prophage populations, some encoding the sulfur metabolism gene cysH or a rhuM-like virulence factor, were consistently present over time but not active. Overall, PropagAtE will facilitate accurate representations of viruses in microbiomes by associating prophages with their active roles in shaping microbial communities in nature. IMPORTANCE Viruses that infect bacteria are key components of microbiomes and ecosystems. They can kill and manipulate microorganisms, drive planetary-scale processes and biogeochemical cycling, and influence the structures of entire food networks. Prophages are viruses that can exist in a dormant state within the genome of their host (lysogenic stage) before activating in order to replicate and kill the host (lytic stage). Recent advances have allowed for the identification of diverse viruses in nature, but no approaches exist for characterizing prophages and their stages of infection (prophage activity). We develop and benchmark an automated approach, PropagAtE, to identify the stages of infection of prophages from genomic data. We provide evidence that active prophages vary in identity and abundance across multiple environments and scales. Our approach will enable accurate and unbiased analyses of viruses in microbiomes and ecosystems.
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Guo S, Huang Z, Zhu J, Yue T, Wang X, Pan Y, Bu D, Liu Y, Wang P, Chen S. CBS-H 2S axis preserves the intestinal barrier function by inhibiting COX-2 through sulfhydrating human antigen R in colitis. J Adv Res 2022; 44:201-212. [PMID: 36725190 PMCID: PMC9936422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes lesions of the epithelial barrier, which allows translocation of pathogens from the intestinal lumen to the host's circulation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulates multiple physiological and pathological processes in colonic epithelial tissue, and CBS-H2S axis involved in multiple gastrointestinal disorder. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of the CBS-H2S axis on the intestinal and systemic inflammation in colitis remains to be illustrated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of CBS-H2S axis on the intestinal and systematic inflammation related injuries in LPS induced colitis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Wild type and CBS-/+ mice were used to evaluate the effect of endogenous and exogenous H2S on LPS-induced colitis in vivo. Cytokine quantitative antibody array, western blot and real-time PCR were applied to detect the key cytokines in the mechanism of action. Biotin switch of S-sulfhydration, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout, immunofluorescence and ActD chase assay were used in the in vitro experiment to further clarify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS H2S significantly alleviated the symptoms of LPS-induced colitis in vivo and attenuated the increase of COX-2 expression. The sulfhydrated HuR increased when CBS express normally or GYY4137 was administered. While after knocking kown CBS, the expression of COX-2 in mice colon increased significantly, and the sulfhydration level of HuR decreased. The results in vitro illustrated that HuR can increase the stability of COX-2 mRNA, and the decrease of COX-2 were due to increased sulfhydration of HuR rather than the reduction of total HuR levels. CONCLUSION These results indicated that CBS-H2S axis played an important role in protecting intestinal barrier function in colitis. CBS-H2S axis increases the sulfhydration level of HuR, by which reduces the binding of HuR with COX-2 mRNA and inhibited the expression of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Guo
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taohua Yue
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, 8, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China.
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Lu Y, Peng B, Lin Y, Lin Q, Xia X, Zhong S, Luo L, Huang R. Spirulina polysaccharide induces the metabolic shifts and gut microbiota change of lung cancer in mice. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1313-1319. [PMID: 36065196 PMCID: PMC9440268 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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The Role of Exhaled Hydrogen Sulfide in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenoma. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:8046368. [PMID: 34900068 PMCID: PMC8654565 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8046368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Exhaled determination can detect metabolite hydrogen sulfide in the intestine. We aim to analyze the predictive value of hydrogen sulfide in the diagnosis of colorectal adenoma. Methods We recruited seventy patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma as the observation group and sixty-six healthy subjects as the control group. The colorectal adenoma was diagnosed by colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from June 2018 to November 2019. Exhaled gas was collected through the nose and mouth, respectively, and hydrogen sulfide in exhaled gas was determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed based on the exhaled data of the observation group and the control group. The ROC curve showed an area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.724 for nasal exhaled H2S, which had a diagnostic value. When nasal exhaled H2S was >13.3 part per billion (ppb), the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 57% and 78%, respectively. The exhaled H2S of the observation group was significantly different from that of the control group. The AUC value was 0.716 as a prognostic factor of colorectal adenoma. As exhaled H2S was >28.8 ppb, the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 63% and 77%, respectively. Conclusion Exhaled and nasal H2S determination has a predictive value for colorectal adenoma as a novel and noninvasive method. Therefore, it is worth conducting more research to analyze exhaled and nasal H2S.
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Fang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, Xu J, Liu Z, Gao J, Zhu H, Dai Z, Wang D, Tang D. The roles of microbial products in the development of colorectal cancer: a review. Bioengineered 2021; 12:720-735. [PMID: 33618627 PMCID: PMC8806273 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1889109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of microbes exist in the gut and they have the ability to process and utilize ingested food. It has been reported that their products are involved in colorectal cancer development. The molecular mechanisms which underlie the relationship between gut microbial products and CRC are still not fully understood. The role of some microbial products in CRC is particularly controversial. Elucidating the effects of gut microbiota products on CRC and their possible mechanisms is vital for CRC prevention and treatment. In this review, recent studies are examined in order to describe the contribution metabolites and toxicants which are produced by gut microbes make to CRC, primarily focusing on the involved molecular mechanisms.Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; SCFAs: short chain fatty acids; HDAC: histone deacetylase; TCA cycle: tricarboxylic acid cycle; CoA: cytosolic acyl coenzyme A; SCAD: short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; MiR-92a: microRNA-92a; KLF4: kruppel-like factor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; Akt1: protein kinase B subtype α; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; NEDD9: neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated9; CAS: Crk-associated substrate; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PRMT1: protein arginine methyltransferase 1; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; BA: bile acids; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; CSCs: cancer stem cells; MHC: major histocompatibility; NF-κB: NF-kappaB; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen substances; BER: base excision repair; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK: mitogen activated protein kinase; ERKs: extracellular signal regulated kinases; AKT: protein kinase B; PA: phosphatidic acid; TMAO: trimethylamine n-oxide; TMA: trimethylamine; FMO3: flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; H2S: Hydrogen sulfide; SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria; IBDs: inflammatory bowel diseases; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BFT: fragile bacteroides toxin; ETBF: enterotoxigenic fragile bacteroides; E-cadherin: extracellular domain of intercellular adhesive protein; CEC: colonic epithelial cells; SMOX: spermine oxidase; SMO: smoothened; Stat3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: T helper cell 17; IL17: interleukin 17; AA: amino acid; TCF: transcription factor; CDT: cytolethal distending toxin; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Fang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hanjian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CONTACT Dong TangDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225001, China
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Abdullah M, Sukartini N, Nursyirwan SA, Pribadi RR, Maulahela H, Utari AP, Muzellina VN, Wiraatmadja A, Renaldi K. Gut Microbiota Profiles in Early- and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in the Future. Digestion 2021; 102:823-832. [PMID: 34433172 DOI: 10.1159/000516689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers believe the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the raised incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). The development of EOCRC may be associated with microbiota dysbiosis either dependently or independently (combined with other risk factors). SUMMARY Recently, the rising of incidence and mortality of EOCRC have been noted. Some researchers are looking for risk factors influencing this fact. They hypothesize that it may be because of microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis has been known to promote cancer development through immunity dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Microbiomes profile in late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) among older patients has been documented, but there is still lack of data about microbial profiles among younger colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This review tries to explain microbial profiles differences between EOCRC and LOCRC as a potential diagnostic biomarker in the future, and whether microbiota can have a role in EOCRC genesis. Key Messages: Microbiota does vary with age, and EOCRC may be associated with colonization of some specific bacteria. Further studies about gut microbiota profiles in EOCRC and LOCRC may provide a new insight on diagnostic biomarker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murdani Abdullah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ninik Sukartini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saskia Aziza Nursyirwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rabbinu Rangga Pribadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Pitarini Utari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Virly Nanda Muzellina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agustinus Wiraatmadja
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kaka Renaldi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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The Relationship Between Mucosal Microbiota, Colitis, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Granulomatous Disorder. J Clin Immunol 2021; 42:312-324. [PMID: 34731398 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic granulomatous disorder (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency which is frequently complicated by inflammatory colitis and is associated with systemic inflammation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of colitis and systemic inflammation. METHODS We performed 16S rDNA sequencing on mucosal biopsy samples from each segment of 10 CGD patients' colons and conducted compositional and functional pathway prediction analyses. RESULTS The microbiota in samples from colitis patients demonstrated reduced taxonomic alpha-diversity compared to unaffected patients, even in apparently normal bowel segments. Functional pathway richness was similar between the colitic and non-colitic mucosa, although metabolic pathways involved in butyrate biosynthesis or utilization were enriched in patients with colitis and correlated positively with fecal calprotectin levels. One patient with very severe colitis was dominated by Enterococcus spp., while among other patients Bacteroides spp. abundance correlated with colitis severity measured by fecal calprotectin and an endoscopic severity score. In contrast, Blautia abundance is associated with low severity scores and mucosal health. Several taxa and functional pathways correlated with concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in blood but not with colitis severity. Notably, dividing patients into "high" and "low" systemic inflammation groups demonstrated clearer separation than on the basis of colitis status in beta-diversity analyses. CONCLUSION The microbiome is abnormal in CGD-associated colitis and altered functional characteristics probably contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, the relationship between the mucosal microbiome and systemic inflammation, independent of colitis status, implies that the microbiome in CGD can influence the inflammatory phenotype of the condition.
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Sultan S, El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Ahmed TAE, Hassan H, Mottawea W. Metabolic Influences of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715506. [PMID: 34646151 PMCID: PMC8502967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic medical disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation. While the etiology of IBD is still unknown, the pathogenesis of the disease results from perturbations in both gut microbiota and the host immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD is characterized by depleted diversity, reduced abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and enriched proinflammatory microbes such as adherent/invasive E. coli and H2S producers. This dysbiosis may contribute to the inflammation through affecting either the immune system or a metabolic pathway. The immune responses to gut microbiota in IBD are extensively discussed. In this review, we highlight the main metabolic pathways that regulate the host-microbiota interaction. We also discuss the reported findings indicating that the microbial dysbiosis during IBD has a potential metabolic impact on colonocytes and this may underlie the disease progression. Moreover, we present the host metabolic defectiveness that adds to the impact of symbiont dysbiosis on the disease progression. This will raise the possibility that gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with IBD results in functional perturbations of host-microbiota interactions, and consequently modulates the disease development. Finally, we shed light on the possible therapeutic approaches of IBD through targeting gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sultan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed El-Mowafy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Tamer A E Ahmed
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hebatoallah Hassan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hydrogen sulfide in ageing, longevity and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:3485-3504. [PMID: 34613340 PMCID: PMC8589328 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates many biological processes, including ageing. Initially considered a hazardous toxic gas, it is now recognised that H2S is produced endogenously across taxa and is a key mediator of processes that promote longevity and improve late-life health. In this review, we consider the key developments in our understanding of this gaseous signalling molecule in the context of health and disease, discuss potential mechanisms through which H2S can influence processes central to ageing and highlight the emergence of novel H2S-based therapeutics. We also consider the major challenges that may potentially hinder the development of such therapies.
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Li M, Mao J, Zhu Y. New Therapeutic Approaches Using Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Inflammation and Immune Response. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:341-356. [PMID: 33789440 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation and immune response are associated with many pathological disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, heart failure, and cancer(s). In recent times, important roles of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been evidenced by researchers in inflammatory responses, as well as immunomodulatory effects in several disease models. Recent Advances: Numerous biological targets, including cytochrome c oxidase, various kinases, enzymes involved in epigenetic changes, transcription factors, namely nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and several membrane ion channels, are shown to be sensitive to H2S and have been widely investigated in various preclinical models. Critical Issues: A complete understanding of the effects of H2S in inflammatory and immune response is vital in the development of novel H2S generating therapeutics. In this review, the biological effects and pharmacological properties of H2S in inflammation and immune response are addressed. The review also covers some of the novel H2S releasing prodrugs developed in recent years as tools to study this fascinating molecule. Future Directions: H2S plays important roles in inflammation and immunity-related processes. Future researches are needed to further assess the immunomodulatory effects of H2S and to assist in the design of more efficient H2S carrier systems, or drug formulations, for the management of immune-related conditions in humans. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 341-356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianchun Mao
- Department of Rheumatology, Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kieft K, Breister AM, Huss P, Linz AM, Zanetakos E, Zhou Z, Rahlff J, Esser SP, Probst AJ, Raman S, Roux S, Anantharaman K. Virus-associated organosulfur metabolism in human and environmental systems. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109471. [PMID: 34348151 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses influence the fate of nutrients and human health by killing microorganisms and altering metabolic processes. Organosulfur metabolism and biologically derived hydrogen sulfide play dynamic roles in manifestation of diseases, infrastructure degradation, and essential biological processes. Although microbial organosulfur metabolism is well studied, the role of viruses in organosulfur metabolism is unknown. Here, we report the discovery of 39 gene families involved in organosulfur metabolism encoded by 3,749 viruses from diverse ecosystems, including human microbiomes. The viruses infect organisms from all three domains of life. Six gene families encode for enzymes that degrade organosulfur compounds into sulfide, whereas others manipulate organosulfur compounds and may influence sulfide production. We show that viral metabolic genes encode key enzymatic domains, are translated into protein, and are maintained after recombination, and sulfide provides a fitness advantage to viruses. Our results reveal viruses as drivers of organosulfur metabolism with important implications for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Kieft
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam M Breister
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phil Huss
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Linz
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zanetakos
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janina Rahlff
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah P Esser
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Srivatsan Raman
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon Roux
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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The Role of H 2S in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Microbiota. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:67-98. [PMID: 34302689 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathways and mechanisms of the production of H2S in the gastrointestinal tract are briefly described, including endogenous H2S produced by the organism and H2S from microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the physiological regulatory functions of H2S on gastrointestinal motility, sensation, secretion and absorption, endocrine system, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and the possible mechanisms involved are introduced. In view of the complexity of biosynthesis, physiological roles, and the mechanism of H2S, this chapter focuses on the interactions and dynamic balance among H2S, gastrointestinal microorganisms, and the host. Finally, we focus on some clinical gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, functional gastrointestinal disease, which might occur or develop when the above balance is broken. Pharmacological regulation of H2S or the intestinal microorganisms related to H2S might provide new therapeutic approaches for some gastrointestinal diseases.
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46
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Myszkowska J, Derevenkov I, Makarov SV, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L. Biosynthesis, Quantification and Genetic Diseases of the Smallest Signaling Thiol Metabolite: Hydrogen Sulfide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071065. [PMID: 34356298 PMCID: PMC8301176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter and the smallest signaling thiol metabolite with important roles in human health. The turnover of H2S in humans is mainly governed by enzymes of sulfur amino acid metabolism and also by the microbiome. As is the case with other small signaling molecules, disease-promoting effects of H2S largely depend on its concentration and compartmentalization. Genetic defects that impair the biogenesis and catabolism of H2S have been described; however, a gap in knowledge remains concerning physiological steady-state concentrations of H2S and their direct clinical implications. The small size and considerable reactivity of H2S renders its quantification in biological samples an experimental challenge. A compilation of methods currently employed to quantify H2S in biological specimens is provided in this review. Substantial discrepancy exists in the concentrations of H2S determined by different techniques. Available methodologies permit end-point measurement of H2S concentration, yet no definitive protocol exists for the continuous, real-time measurement of H2S produced by its enzymatic sources. We present a summary of available animal models, monogenic diseases that impair H2S metabolism in humans including structure-function relationships of pathogenic mutations, and discuss possible approaches to overcome current limitations of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Myszkowska
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ilia Derevenkov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sergei V. Makarov
- Department of Food Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (I.D.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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47
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Padmanabhan N, Kyon HK, Boot A, Lim K, Srivastava S, Chen S, Wu Z, Lee HO, Mukundan VT, Chan C, Chan YK, Xuewen O, Pitt JJ, Isa ZFA, Xing M, Lee MH, Tan ALK, Ting SHW, Luftig MA, Kappei D, Kruger WD, Bian J, Ho YS, Teh M, Rozen SG, Tan P. Highly recurrent CBS epimutations in gastric cancer CpG island methylator phenotypes and inflammation. Genome Biol 2021; 22:167. [PMID: 34074348 PMCID: PMC8170989 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CIMP (CpG island methylator phenotype) is an epigenetic molecular subtype, observed in multiple malignancies and associated with the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors. Currently, for most cancers including gastric cancer (GC), mechanisms underlying CIMP remain poorly understood. We sought to discover molecular contributors to CIMP in GC, by performing global DNA methylation, gene expression, and proteomics profiling across 14 gastric cell lines, followed by similar integrative analysis in 50 GC cell lines and 467 primary GCs. Results We identify the cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme (CBS) as a highly recurrent target of epigenetic silencing in CIMP GC. Likewise, we show that CBS epimutations are significantly associated with CIMP in various other cancers, occurring even in premalignant gastroesophageal conditions and longitudinally linked to clinical persistence. Of note, CRISPR deletion of CBS in normal gastric epithelial cells induces widespread DNA methylation changes that overlap with primary GC CIMP patterns. Reflecting its metabolic role as a gatekeeper interlinking the methionine and homocysteine cycles, CBS loss in vitro also causes reductions in the anti-inflammatory gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with concomitant increase in NF-κB activity. In a murine genetic model of CBS deficiency, preliminary data indicate upregulated immune-mediated transcriptional signatures in the stomach. Conclusions Our results implicate CBS as a bi-faceted modifier of aberrant DNA methylation and inflammation in GC and highlights H2S donors as a potential new therapy for CBS-silenced lesions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02375-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Padmanabhan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Huang Kie Kyon
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Kevin Lim
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Hyung-Ok Lee
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vineeth T Mukundan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Charlene Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yarn Kit Chan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ong Xuewen
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jason J Pitt
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Zul Fazreen Adam Isa
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Manjie Xing
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Lee
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shamaine Ho Wei Ting
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Micah A Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke Centre for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Warren D Kruger
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Steve George Rozen
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore. .,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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48
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Joat N, Van TTH, Stanley D, Moore RJ, Chousalkar K. Temporal dynamics of gut microbiota in caged laying hens: a field observation from hatching to end of lay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4719-4730. [PMID: 34014348 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gut health has major implications for the general health of food-producing animals such as the layer birds used in the egg industry. In order to modulate gut microbiota for the benefit of gut health, an understanding of the dynamics and details of the development of gut microbiota is critical. The present study investigated the phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of a commercial layer flock raised in cages from hatch to the end of the production cycle. This study also aimed to understand the establishment and development of gut microbiota in layer chickens. Results showed that the faecal microbiota was dominated by phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the rearing phase, but Bacteroidetes in mid lay and late lay phase. The gut microbiota composition changed significantly during the transfer of the flock from the rearing to the production shed. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota increased after week 6 of the flocks age and stabilized in the mid and late lay phase. The overall dynamics of gut microbiota development was similar to that reported in earlier studies, but the phylogenetic composition at the phylum and family level was different. The production stage of the birds is one of the important factors in the development of gut microbiota. This study has contributed to a better understanding of baseline gut microbiota development over the complete life cycles in layer chickens and will help to develop strategies to improve the gut health. KEY POINTS: • Faecal microbiota of caged hens was dominated by phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the rearing phase. • The gut microbiota composition changed significantly during the transfer of the flock from the rearing to the production shed. • The richness and diversity of gut microbiota increased after week 6 of the flocks age and stabilized in the mid and late lay phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Joat
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Applied Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kapil Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
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Heinken A, Hertel J, Thiele I. Metabolic modelling reveals broad changes in gut microbial metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease patients with dysbiosis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33958598 PMCID: PMC8102608 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's Disease, are characterised by an altered blood and faecal metabolome, and changes in gut microbiome composition. Here, we present an efficient, scalable, tractable systems biology framework to mechanistically link microbial strains and faecal metabolites. We retrieve strain-level relative abundances from metagenomics data from a cohort of paediatric Crohn's Disease patients with and without dysbiosis and healthy control children and construct and interrogate a personalised microbiome model for each sample. Predicted faecal secretion profiles and strain-level contributions to each metabolite vary broadly between healthy, dysbiotic, and non-dysbiotic microbiomes. The reduced microbial diversity in IBD results in reduced numbers of secreted metabolites, especially in sulfur metabolism. We demonstrate that increased potential to synthesise amino acids is linked to Proteobacteria contributions, in agreement with experimental observations. The established modelling framework yields testable hypotheses that may result in novel therapeutic and dietary interventions targeting the host-gut microbiome-diet axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hertel
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Division of Microbiology, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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50
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Hu X, Xiao Y, Sun J, Ji B, Luo S, Wu B, Zheng C, Wang P, Xu F, Cheng K, Hua H, Li D. New possible silver lining for pancreatic cancer therapy: Hydrogen sulfide and its donors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1148-1157. [PMID: 34094825 PMCID: PMC8144891 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most lethal diseases, pancreatic cancer shows a dismal overall prognosis and high resistance to most treatment modalities. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer escapes early detection during the curable period because early symptoms rarely emerge and specific markers for this disease have not been found. Although combinations of new drugs, multimodal therapies, and adjuvants prolong survival, most patients still relapse after surgery and eventually die. Consequently, the search for more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer is highly relevant and justified. As a newly re-discovered mediator of gasotransmission, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) undertakes essential functions, encompassing various signaling complexes that occupy key processes in human biology. Accumulating evidence indicates that H2S exhibits bimodal modulation of cancer development. Thus, endogenous or low levels of exogenous H2S are thought to promote cancer, whereas high doses of exogenous H2S suppress tumor proliferation. Similarly, inhibition of endogenous H2S production also suppresses tumor proliferation. Accordingly, H2S biosynthesis inhibitors and H2S supplementation (H2S donors) are two distinct strategies for the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, modulation of endogenous H2S on pancreatic cancer has not been studied so far. However, H2S donors and their derivatives have been extensively studied as potential therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer therapy by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, and suppressing invasion and migration through exploiting multiple signaling pathways. As far as we know, there is no review of the effects of H2S donors on pancreatic cancer. Based on these concerns, the therapeutic effects of some H2S donors and NO–H2S dual donors on pancreatic cancer were summarized in this paper. Exogenous H2S donors may be promising compounds for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- 3-MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- AMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- Antitumor effect
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma-2
- BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate
- BRCA2, breast cancer 2
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine-β-synthase
- CDC25B, cell division cycle 25B
- CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1
- CHK2, checkpoint kinase 2
- CSE, cystathionine-γ-lyase
- Cell proliferation
- DATS, diallyl trisulfide
- DR4, death receptor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ERU, erucin
- FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1
- GLUTs, glucose transporters
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HEATR1, human HEAT repeat-containing protein 1
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor
- Hydrogen sulfide donor
- ITCs, isothiocyanates
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- KEAP1‒NRF2‒ARE, the recombinant protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element
- KRAS, kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- OCT-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4
- P16, multiple tumor suppressor 1
- PARP, poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase
- PDGFRα, platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- PEITC, phenethyl isothiocyanate
- PI3K/AKT, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene
- Pancreatic cancer
- RASAL2, RAS protein activator like 2
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPL10, human ribosomal protein L10
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SHH, sonic hedgehog
- SMAD4, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
- STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Signaling pathway
- Sulfur-containing compound
- TRAIL, The human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- ZEB1, zinc finger E box-binding protein-1
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 24 23986465.
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 24 23986465.
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 24 23986465.
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