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Wibbe N, Steinbacher T, Tellkamp F, Beckmann N, Brinkmann F, Stecher M, Gerke V, Niessen CM, Ebnet K. RhoGDI1 regulates cell-cell junctions in polarized epithelial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1279723. [PMID: 39086660 PMCID: PMC11288927 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1279723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell contact formation of polarized epithelial cells is a multi-step process that involves the co-ordinated activities of Rho family small GTPases. Consistent with the central role of Rho GTPases, a number of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) have been identified at cell-cell junctions at various stages of junction maturation. As opposed to RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs, the role of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) during cell-cell contact formation is poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed the role of RhoGDI1/ARHGDIA, a member of the RhoGDI family, during cell-cell contact formation of polarized epithelial cells. Depletion of RhoGDI1 delays the development of linear cell-cell junctions and the formation of barrier-forming tight junctions. In addition, RhoGDI1 depletion impairs the ability of cells to stop migration in response to cell collision and increases the migration velocity of collectively migrating cells. We also find that the cell adhesion receptor JAM-A promotes the recruitment of RhoGDI1 to cell-cell contacts. Our findings implicate RhoGDI1 in various processes involving the dynamic reorganization of cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Wibbe
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Tellkamp
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Beckmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Stecher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carien M. Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group “Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity”, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Entzündung, University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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2
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Nicolas N, de Tilly A, Roux E. Blood shear stress during the cardiac cycle and endothelial cell orientation and polarity in the carotid artery of male and female mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386151. [PMID: 39072218 PMCID: PMC11272658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blood flow produces fluid shear stress (SS), a frictional force parallel to the blood flow, on the endothelial cell (EC) layer of the lumen of the vessels. ECs themselves are sensitive to this frictional force in terms of directionality and intensity. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological shear stress value during the cardiac cycle and EC polarity and orientation from blood flow in healthy male and female mouse carotid artery. Methods: Experimentation is done on anesthetized male and female 8-week-old C5BL/6J mice. In vivo measurements of maximum blood velocity and vessel diameter in diastole and systole were performed on the right common carotid artery by Doppler ultrasound imaging. Blood viscosity (total and plasmatic) and hematocrit were determined on blood samples. For SS calculation, we developed a new method assuming heterogenous blood flow, i.e., a red cell central plug flow surrounded by a peripheral plasma sheath flow, and computing SS from vessel diameter and hemodynamical measurements (maximal blood velocity, hematocrit and plasmatic viscosity). Results: Results were compared with the classical method assuming a homogenous blood flow with constant apparent total blood viscosity. EC polarity and orientation were determined ex vivo on the carotid endothelium by confocal imaging after labeling of the EC nucleus and Golgi apparatus. Diastolic and systolic SS were 6 ± 2.5 Pa and 30 ± 6.5 Pa, respectively. Total blood and plasmatic viscosity was 4 ± 0.5 cP and 1.27 cP, respectively. ECs were polarized and significantly oriented against blood flow. No sex difference was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Nicolas
- Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, INSERM, U1034, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Etienne Roux
- Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, INSERM, U1034, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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Mazzaglia C, Munir H, Lei IM, Gerigk M, Huang YYS, Shields JD. Modeling Structural Elements and Functional Responses to Lymphatic-Delivered Cues in a Murine Lymph Node on a Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303720. [PMID: 38626388 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are organs of the immune system, critical for maintenance of homeostasis and initiation of immune responses, yet there are few models that accurately recapitulate LN functions in vitro. To tackle this issue, an engineered murine LN (eLN) has been developed, replicating key cellular components of the mouse LN; incorporating primary murine lymphocytes, fibroblastic reticular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells. T and B cell compartments are incorporated within the eLN that mimic LN cortex and paracortex architectures. When challenged, the eLN elicits both robust inflammatory responses and antigen-specific immune activation, showing that the system can differentiate between non specific and antigen-specific stimulation and can be monitored in real time. Beyond immune responses, this model also enables interrogation of changes in stromal cells, thus permitting investigations of all LN cellular components in homeostasis and different disease settings, such as cancer. Here, how LN behavior can be influenced by murine melanoma-derived factors is presented. In conclusion, the eLN model presents a promising platform for in vitro study of LN biology that will enhance understanding of stromal and immune responses in the murine LN, and in doing so will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve LN responses in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Mazzaglia
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Hafsa Munir
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz), 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Dermal Oncoimmunology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Magda Gerigk
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Essebier P, Keyser M, Yordanov T, Hill B, Yu A, Noordstra I, Yap AS, Stehbens SJ, Lagendijk AK, Schimmel L, Gordon EJ. c-Src-induced vascular malformations require localised matrix degradation at focal adhesions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262101. [PMID: 38881365 PMCID: PMC11267457 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall communicate intricately with the surrounding extracellular matrix, translating mechanical cues into biochemical signals. Moreover, vessels require the capability to enzymatically degrade the matrix surrounding them, to facilitate vascular expansion. c-Src plays a key role in blood vessel growth, with its loss in the endothelium reducing vessel sprouting and focal adhesion signalling. Here, we show that constitutive activation of c-Src in endothelial cells results in rapid vascular expansion, operating independently of growth factor stimulation or fluid shear stress forces. This is driven by an increase in focal adhesion signalling and size, with enhancement of localised secretion of matrix metalloproteinases responsible for extracellular matrix remodelling. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity results in a robust rescue of the vascular expansion elicited by heightened c-Src activity. This supports the premise that moderating focal adhesion-related events and matrix degradation can counteract abnormal vascular expansion, with implications for pathologies driven by unusual vascular morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Essebier
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Mikaela Keyser
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Teodor Yordanov
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Brittany Hill
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Alexander Yu
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Samantha J. Stehbens
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Anne K. Lagendijk
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
| | - Emma J. Gordon
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4072
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5
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Bhattacharyya A, Barbee KA. Vascular endothelial cell morphology and alignment regulate VEGF-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38775643 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibits platelet and leukocyte adhesion while promoting vasorelaxation in smooth muscle cells. Dysfunctional regulation of eNOS is a hallmark of various vascular pathologies, notably atherosclerosis, often associated with areas of low shear stress on endothelial cells (ECs). While the link between EC morphology and local hemodynamics is acknowledged, the specific impact of EC morphology on eNOS regulation remains unclear. Morphological differences between elongated, aligned ECs and polygonal, randomly oriented ECs correspond to variations in focal adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, suggesting differing levels of cytoskeletal prestress. However, the functional outcomes of cytoskeletal prestress, particularly in the absence of shear stress, are not extensively studied in ECs. Some evidence suggests that elongated ECs exhibit decreased immunogenicity and enhanced NO production. This study aims to elucidate the signaling pathways governing VEGF-stimulated eNOS regulation in the aligned EC phenotype characterized by elongated and aligned cells within a monolayer. Using anisotropic topographic cues, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were elongated and aligned, followed by VEGF treatment in the presence or absence of cytoskeletal tension inhibitors. Phosphorylation of eNOS ser1179, AKT ser437 and FAK Tyr397 in response to VEGF challenge were significantly heightened in aligned ECs compared to unaligned ECs. Moreover this response proved to be robustly tied to cytoskeletal tension as evinced by the abrogation of responses in the presence of the myosin II ATPase inhibitor, blebbistatin. Notably, this work demonstrates for the first time the reliance on FAK phosphorylation in VEGF-mediated eNOS activation and the comparatively greater contribution of the cytoskeletal machinery in propagating VEGF-eNOS signaling in aligned and elongated ECs. This research underscores the importance of utilizing appropriate vascular models in drug development and sheds light on potential mechanisms underlying vascular function and pathology that can help inform vascular graft design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Bhattacharyya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth A Barbee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Cheng YW, Anzell AR, Morosky SA, Schwartze TA, Hinck CS, Hinck AP, Roman BL, Davidson LA. Shear Stress and Sub-Femtomolar Levels of Ligand Synergize to Activate ALK1 Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38334677 PMCID: PMC10854672 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) respond to concurrent stimulation by biochemical factors and wall shear stress (SS) exerted by blood flow. Disruptions in flow-induced responses can result in remodeling issues and cardiovascular diseases, but the detailed mechanisms linking flow-mechanical cues and biochemical signaling remain unclear. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) integrates SS and ALK1-ligand cues in ECs; ALK1 mutations cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), marked by arteriovenous malformation (AVM) development. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of ALK1 signaling modulation by fluid flow and the link to AVMs remain uncertain. We recorded EC responses under varying SS magnitudes and ALK1 ligand concentrations by assaying pSMAD1/5/9 nuclear localization using a custom multi-SS microfluidic device and a custom image analysis pipeline. We extended the previously reported synergy between SS and BMP9 to include BMP10 and BMP9/10. Moreover, we demonstrated that this synergy is effective even at extremely low SS magnitudes (0.4 dyn/cm2) and ALK1 ligand range (femtogram/mL). The synergistic response to ALK1 ligands and SS requires the kinase activity of ALK1. Moreover, ALK1's basal activity and response to minimal ligand levels depend on endocytosis, distinct from cell-cell junctions, cytoskeleton-mediated mechanosensing, or cholesterol-enriched microdomains. However, an in-depth analysis of ALK1 receptor trafficking's molecular mechanisms requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Anthony R. Anzell
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stefanie A. Morosky
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tristin A. Schwartze
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Beth L. Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lance A. Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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7
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Young K, Yamane S, GharehTapeh EA, Kasamatsu S, Ihara H, Hasegawa U. Manganese Porphyrin-Containing Polymeric Micelles: A Novel Approach for Intracellular Catalytic Formation of Per/Polysulfide Species from a Hydrogen Sulfide Donor. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302429. [PMID: 37916994 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Per/polysulfide species that are generated from endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide have critical regulatory roles in a wide range of cellular processes. However, the lack of delivery systems that enable controlled and sustained release of these unstable species in biological systems hinders the advancement of sulfide biology research, as well as the translation of knowledge to therapeutic applications. Here, a novel approach is developed to generate per/polysulfide species in cells by combining an H2 S donor and manganese porphyrin-containing polymeric micelles (MnPMCs) that catalyze oxidization of H2 S to per/polysulfide species. MnPMCs serve as a catalyst for H2 S oxidation in aerobic phosphate buffer. HPLC-MS/MS analysis reveals that H2 S oxidation by MnPMCs in the presence of glutathione results in the formation of glutathione-SnH (n = 2 and 3). Furthermore, co-treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the H2 S donor anethole dithiolethione and MnPMCs increases intracellular per/polysulfide levels and induces a proangiogenic response. Co-delivery of MnPMCs and an H2 S donor is a promising approach for controlled delivery of polysulfides for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemper Young
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Steidle Building, University Park, PA, 1680, USA
| | - Setsuko Yamane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Steidle Building, University Park, PA, 1680, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Numazu College, 3600 Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka, 410-8501, Japan
| | - Elmira Abbasi GharehTapeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Steidle Building, University Park, PA, 1680, USA
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Urara Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Steidle Building, University Park, PA, 1680, USA
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Choi JS, Doo HM, Kim B, Lee SH, Sung SK, Go G, Suarez A, Kim Y, Weon BM, Choi BO, Kim HJ, Kim DH. NanoIEA: A Nanopatterned Interdigitated Electrode Array-Based Impedance Assay for Real-Time Measurement of Aligned Endothelial Cell Barrier Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301124. [PMID: 37820720 PMCID: PMC10841753 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A nanopatterned interdigitated electrode array (nanoIEA)-based impedance assay is developed for quantitative real-time measurement of aligned endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions in vitro. A bioinspired poly(3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) (poly (l-DOPA)) coating is applied to improve the human brain EC adhesion onto the Nafion nanopatterned surfaces. It is found that a poly (l-DOPA)-coated Nafion grooved nanopattern makes the human brain ECs orient along the nanopattern direction. Aligned human brain ECs on Nafion nanopatterns exhibit increased expression of genes encoding tight and adherens junction proteins. Aligned human brain ECs also have enhanced impedance and resistance versus unaligned ones. Treatment with a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor (GSK3i) further increases impedance and resistance, suggesting synergistic effects occur on the cell-cell tightness of in vitro human brain ECs via a combination of anisotropic matrix nanotopography and GSK3i treatment. It is found that this enhanced cell-cell tightness of the combined approach is accompanied by increased expression of claudin protein. These data demonstrate that the proposed nanoIEA assay integrated with poly (l-DOPA)-coated Nafion nanopatterns and interdigitated electrode arrays can make not only biomimetic aligned ECs, but also enable real-time measurement of the enhanced barrier functions of aligned ECs via tighter cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31080, South Korea
| | - Hyun Myung Doo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Byunggik Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Su Han Lee
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics, and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39253, South Korea
| | - Sang-keun Sung
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics, and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39253, South Korea
| | - Gwangjun Go
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Allister Suarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Byung Mook Weon
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Ulsan College, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
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9
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Johnson BM, Johnson AM, Heim M, Buckley M, Mortimer B, Berry JL, Sewell-Loftin MK. Biomechanical stimulation promotes blood vessel growth despite VEGFR-2 inhibition. BMC Biol 2023; 21:290. [PMID: 38072992 PMCID: PMC10712065 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, or the growth of new vasculature from existing blood vessels, is widely considered a primary hallmark of cancer progression. When a tumor is small, diffusion is sufficient to receive essential nutrients; however, as the tumor grows, a vascular supply is needed to deliver oxygen and nutrients into the increasing mass. Several anti-angiogenic cancer therapies target VEGF and the receptor VEGFR-2, which are major promoters of blood vessel development. Unfortunately, many of these cancer treatments fail to completely stop angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since these therapies focus on the biochemical activation of VEGFR-2 via VEGF ligand binding, we propose that mechanical cues, particularly those found in the TME, may be a source of VEGFR-2 activation that promotes growth of blood vessel networks even in the presence of VEGF and VEGFR-2 inhibitors. RESULTS In this paper, we analyzed phosphorylation patterns of VEGFR-2, particularly at Y1054/Y1059 and Y1214, stimulated via either VEGF or biomechanical stimulation in the form of tensile strains. Our results show prolonged and enhanced activation at both Y1054/Y1059 and Y1214 residues when endothelial cells were stimulated with strain, VEGF, or a combination of both. We also analyzed Src expression, which is downstream of VEGFR-2 and can be activated through strain or the presence of VEGF. Finally, we used fibrin gels and microfluidic devices as 3D microtissue models to simulate the TME. We determined that regions of mechanical strain promoted increased vessel growth, even with VEGFR-2 inhibition through SU5416. CONCLUSIONS Overall, understanding both the effects that biomechanical and biochemical stimuli have on VEGFR-2 activation and angiogenesis is an important factor in developing effective anti-angiogenic therapies. This paper shows that VEGFR-2 can be mechanically activated through strain, which likely contributes to increased angiogenesis in the TME. These proof-of-concept studies show that small molecular inhibitors of VEGFR-2 do not fully prevent angiogenesis in 3D TME models when mechanical strains are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronte Miller Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Allison McKenzie Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Michael Heim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Molly Buckley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bryan Mortimer
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Joel L Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 630A, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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10
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Qu K, Wang C, Huang L, Qin X, Zhang K, Qiu J, Wang G. Oscillatory shear stress-induced downregulation of TET1s injures vascular endothelial planar cell polarity by suppression of actin polymerization. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036104. [PMID: 37533755 PMCID: PMC10393427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial polarity induced by blood flow plays crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Loss of endothelial polarity leads to an increase in permeability and leukocyte recruitment, which are crucial hallmarks of atherosclerotic initiation. Endothelial cells exhibit a morphological adaptation to hemodynamic shear stress and possesses planar cell polarity to the direction of blood flow. However, the mechanism of how hemodynamic shear stress regulates endothelial planar cell polarity has not been firmly established. Here, we found that TET1s, a short isoform of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1, was a mediator in the regulation of the planar cell polarity in endothelial cells in response to hemodynamic shear stress. In the process, low expression of TET1s induced by oscillatory shear stress led to the endothelial planar polarity damage through inhibition of F-actin polymerization. TET1s can regulate demethylation level of the sFRP-1 promoter to alter the expression of sFRP-1, which affects the interaction of sFRP-1/Fzd4 and F-actin polymerization. Our study revealed the mechanism of how TET1s mediates endothelial planar cell polarity in response to hemodynamic shear stress and provides a new insight for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | - Juhui Qiu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Guixue Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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11
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Jain P, Rauer SB, Felder D, Linkhorst J, Möller M, Wessling M, Singh S. Peptide-Functionalized Electrospun Meshes for the Physiological Cultivation of Pulmonary Alveolar Capillary Barrier Models in a 3D-Printed Micro-Bioreactor. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4878-4892. [PMID: 37402206 PMCID: PMC10428094 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro environments that realize biomimetic scaffolds, cellular composition, physiological shear, and strain are integral to developing tissue models of organ-specific functions. In this study, an in vitro pulmonary alveolar capillary barrier model is developed that closely mimics physiological functions by combining a synthetic biofunctionalized nanofibrous membrane system with a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printed bioreactor. The fiber meshes are fabricated from a mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL), 6-armed star-shaped isocyanate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (sPEG-NCO), and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides by a one-step electrospinning process that offers full control over the fiber surface chemistry. The tunable meshes are mounted within the bioreactor where they support the co-cultivation of pulmonary epithelial (NCI-H441) and endothelial (HPMEC) cell monolayers at air-liquid interface under controlled stimulation by fluid shear stress and cyclic distention. This stimulation, which closely mimics blood circulation and breathing motion, is observed to impact alveolar endothelial cytoskeleton arrangement and improve epithelial tight junction formation as well as surfactant protein B production compared to static models. The results highlight the potential of PCL-sPEG-NCO:RGD nanofibrous scaffolds in combination with a 3D-printed bioreactor system as a platform to reconstruct and enhance in vitro models to bear a close resemblance to in vivo tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI—Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian B. Rauer
- Institute
for Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Felder
- DWI—Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Institute
for Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI—Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI—Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH
Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute
for Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max
Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Seavey CE, Doshi M, Panarello AP, Felice MA, Dickerson AK, Jewett MW, Willenberg BJ. Engineered Human Tissue as A New Platform for Mosquito Bite-Site Biology Investigations. INSECTS 2023; 14:514. [PMID: 37367330 PMCID: PMC10299109 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases transmitted through the bites of hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, continue to be a significant threat to human health globally. Transmission of disease by biting arthropod vectors includes interactions between (1) saliva expectorated by a vector during blood meal acquisition from a human host, (2) the transmitted vector-borne pathogens, and (3) host cells present at the skin bite site. Currently, the investigation of bite-site biology is challenged by the lack of model 3D human skin tissues for in vitro analyses. To help fill this gap, we have used a tissue engineering approach to develop new stylized human dermal microvascular bed tissue approximates-complete with warm blood-built with 3D capillary alginate gel (Capgel) biomaterial scaffolds. These engineered tissues, termed a Biologic Interfacial Tissue-Engineered System (BITES), were cellularized with either human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both cell types formed tubular microvessel-like tissue structures of oriented cells (82% and 54% for HDFs and HUVECs, respectively) lining the unique Capgel parallel capillary microstructures. Female Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes, a prototypic hematophagous biting vector arthropod, swarmed, bit, and probed blood-loaded HDF BITES microvessel bed tissues that were warmed (34-37 °C), acquiring blood meals in 151 ± 46 s on average, with some ingesting ≳4 µL or more of blood. Further, these tissue-engineered constructs could be cultured for at least three (3) days following blood meal acquisitions. Altogether, these studies serve as a powerful proof-of-concept demonstration of the innovative BITES platform and indicate its potential for the future investigation of arthropod bite-site cellular and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Seavey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Mona Doshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Andrew P. Panarello
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Michael A. Felice
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dickerson
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, Tickle College of Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mollie W. Jewett
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Bradley J. Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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13
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Hong SG, Ashby JW, Kennelly JP, Wu M, Chattopadhyay E, Foreman R, Tontonoz P, Turowski P, Gallagher-Jones M, Mack JJ. Polarized Mechanosensitive Signaling Domains Protect Arterial Endothelial Cells Against Inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542500. [PMID: 37292837 PMCID: PMC10246006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) in the descending aorta are exposed to high laminar shear stress, which supports an anti-inflammatory phenotype that protects them from atherosclerosis. High laminar shear stress also supports flow-aligned cell elongation and front-rear polarity, but whether this is required for athero-protective signaling is unclear. Here, we show that Caveolin-1-rich microdomains become polarized at the downstream end of ECs exposed to continuous high laminar flow. These microdomains are characterized by higher membrane rigidity, filamentous actin (F-actin) and lipid accumulation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4 (Trpv4) ion channels, while ubiquitously expressed, mediate localized Ca 2+ entry at these microdomains where they physically interact with clustered Caveolin-1. The resultant focal bursts in Ca 2+ activate the anti-inflammatory factor endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) within the confines of these domains. Importantly, we find that signaling at these domains requires both cell body elongation and sustained flow. Finally, Trpv4 signaling at these domains is necessary and sufficient to suppress inflammatory gene expression. Our work reveals a novel polarized mechanosensitive signaling hub that induces an anti-inflammatory response in arterial ECs exposed to high laminar shear stress.
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14
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Bosseboeuf E, Chikh A, Chaker AB, Mitchell TP, Vignaraja D, Rajendrakumar R, Khambata RS, Nightingale TD, Mason JC, Randi AM, Ahluwalia A, Raimondi C. Neuropilin-1 interacts with VE-cadherin and TGFBR2 to stabilize adherens junctions and prevent activation of endothelium under flow. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4863. [PMID: 37220183 PMCID: PMC7614756 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Linear and disturbed flow differentially regulate gene expression, with disturbed flow priming endothelial cells (ECs) for a proinflammatory, atheroprone expression profile and phenotype. Here, we investigated the role of the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in ECs exposed to flow using cultured ECs, mice with an endothelium-specific knockout of NRP1, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that NRP1 was a constituent of adherens junctions that interacted with VE-cadherin and promoted its association with p120 catenin, stabilizing adherens junctions and inducing cytoskeletal remodeling in alignment with the direction of flow. We also showed that NRP1 interacted with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II (TGFBR2) and reduced the plasma membrane localization of TGFBR2 and TGF-β signaling. NRP1 knockdown increased the abundance of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, resulting in increased leukocyte rolling and atherosclerotic plaque size. These findings describe a role for NRP1 in promoting endothelial function and reveal a mechanism by which NRP1 reduction in ECs may contribute to vascular disease by modulating adherens junction signaling and promoting TGF-β signaling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Bosseboeuf
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmed Bey Chaker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dhilakshani Vignaraja
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ridhi Rajendrakumar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S. Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Justin C. Mason
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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15
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Pramotton FM, Cousin L, Roy T, Giampietro C, Cecchini M, Masciullo C, Ferrari A, Poulikakos D. Accelerated epithelial layer healing induced by tactile anisotropy in surface topography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd1581. [PMID: 37027475 PMCID: PMC10081848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to tactile cues from topographic elements presented by the substrate. Among these, anisotropic features distributed in an ordered manner give directionality. In the extracellular matrix, this ordering is embedded in a noisy environment altering the contact guidance effect. To date, it is unclear how cells respond to topographical signals in a noisy environment. Here, using rationally designed substrates, we report morphotaxis, a guidance mechanism enabling fibroblasts and epithelial cells to move along gradients of topographic order distortion. Isolated cells and cell ensembles perform morphotaxis in response to gradients of different strength and directionality, with mature epithelia integrating variations of topographic order over hundreds of micrometers. The level of topographic order controls cell cycle progression, locally delaying or promoting cell proliferation. In mature epithelia, the combination of morphotaxis and noise-dependent distributed proliferation provides a strategy to enhance wound healing as confirmed by a mathematical model capturing key elements of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Cousin
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamal Roy
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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16
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Buglak DB, Bougaran P, Kulikauskas MR, Liu Z, Monaghan-Benson E, Gold AL, Marvin AP, Burciu A, Tanke NT, Oatley M, Ricketts SN, Kinghorn K, Johnson BN, Shiau CE, Rogers S, Guilluy C, Bautch VL. Nuclear SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell junctions via microtubules to regulate blood vessel formation. eLife 2023; 12:83652. [PMID: 36989130 PMCID: PMC10059686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line all blood vessels, where they coordinate blood vessel formation and the blood-tissue barrier via regulation of cell-cell junctions. The nucleus also regulates endothelial cell behaviors, but it is unclear how the nucleus contributes to endothelial cell activities at the cell periphery. Here, we show that the nuclear-localized linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex protein SUN1 regulates vascular sprouting and endothelial cell-cell junction morphology and function. Loss of murine endothelial Sun1 impaired blood vessel formation and destabilized junctions, angiogenic sprouts formed but retracted in SUN1-depleted sprouts, and zebrafish vessels lacking Sun1b had aberrant junctions and defective cell-cell connections. At the cellular level, SUN1 stabilized endothelial cell-cell junctions, promoted junction function, and regulated contractility. Mechanistically, SUN1 depletion altered cell behaviors via the cytoskeleton without changing transcriptional profiles. Reduced peripheral microtubule density, fewer junction contacts, and increased catastrophes accompanied SUN1 loss, and microtubule depolymerization phenocopied effects on junctions. Depletion of GEF-H1, a microtubule-regulated Rho activator, or the LINC complex protein nesprin-1 rescued defective junctions of SUN1-depleted endothelial cells. Thus, endothelial SUN1 regulates peripheral cell-cell junctions from the nucleus via LINC complex-based microtubule interactions that affect peripheral microtubule dynamics and Rho-regulated contractility, and this long-range regulation is important for proper blood vessel sprouting and junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B Buglak
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Ariel L Gold
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Allison P Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Andrew Burciu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bryan N Johnson
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
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17
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The role of the blood-brain barrier during neurological disease and infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:613-626. [PMID: 36929707 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A healthy brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in supporting normal neuronal function by maintaining the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment and restricting pathogen and toxin entry to the brain. Dysfunction of this highly complex and regulated structure can be life threatening. BBB dysfunction is implicated in many neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain infections. Among other mechanisms, inflammation and/or flow disturbances are major causes of BBB dysfunction in neurological infections and diseases. In particular, in ischaemic stroke, both inflammation and flow disturbances contribute to BBB disruption, leading to devastating consequences. While a transient or minor disruption to the barrier function could be tolerated, chronic or a total breach of the barrier can result in irreversible brain damage. It is worth noting that timing and extent of BBB disruption play an important role in the process of any repair of brain damage and treatment strategies. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest research on the role of the BBB during neurological disease and infection with a focus on the effects of inflammation and flow disturbances on the BBB. The BBB's crucial role in protecting the brain is also the bottleneck in central nervous system drug development. Therefore, innovative strategies to carry therapeutics across the BBB and novel models to screen drugs, and to study the complex, overlapping mechanisms of BBB disruption are urgently needed.
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18
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Qiu Z, Zhu H, Wang Y, Kasimu A, Li D, He J. Functionalized alginate-based bioinks for microscale electrohydrodynamic bioprinting of living tissue constructs with improved cellular spreading and alignment. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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de Graaf MNS, Vivas A, Kasi DG, van den Hil FE, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Multiplexed fluidic circuit board for controlled perfusion of 3D blood vessels-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:168-181. [PMID: 36484766 PMCID: PMC9764810 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels-on-a-chip (VoC) models integrate the biological complexity of vessel walls with dynamic microenvironmental cues, such as wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential strain (CS). However, these parameters are difficult to control and are often poorly reproducible due to the high intrinsic diameter variation of individual 3D-VoCs. As a result, the throughput of current 3D systems is one-channel-at-a-time. Here, we developed a fluidic circuit board (FCB) for simultaneous perfusion of up to twelve 3D-VoCs using a single set of control parameters. By designing the internal hydraulic resistances in the FCB appropriately, it was possible to provide a pre-set WSS to all connected 3D-VoCs, despite significant variation in lumen diameters. Using this FCB, we found that variation of CS or WSS induce morphological changes to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and conclude that control of these parameters using a FCB is necessary to study 3D-VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dhanesh G Kasi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Harding IC, O'Hare NR, Vigliotti M, Caraballo A, Lee CI, Millican K, Herman IM, Ebong EE. Developing a transwell millifluidic device for studying blood-brain barrier endothelium. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4603-4620. [PMID: 36326069 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell (EC) function depends on flow conditions and on supportive cells, like pericytes and astrocytes, which have been shown to be both beneficial and detrimental for brain EC function. Most studies investigating BBB EC function lack physiological relevance, using sub-physiological shear stress magnitudes and/or omitting pericytes and astrocytes. In this study, we developed a millifluidic device compatible with standard transwell inserts to investigate BBB function. In contrast to standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, this model allows for easy, reproducible shear stress exposure without common limitations of PDMS devices such as inadequate nutrient diffusion and air bubble formation. In no-flow conditions, we first used the device to examine the impact of primary human pericytes and astrocytes on human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC) barrier integrity. Astrocytes, pericytes, and a 1-to-1 ratio of both cell types increased HBMEC barrier integrity via reduced 3 and 40 kDa fluorescent dextran permeability and increased claudin-5 expression. There were differing levels of low 3 kDa permeability in HBMEC-pericyte, HBMEC-astrocyte, and HBMEC-astrocyte-pericyte co-cultures, while levels of low 40 kDa permeability were consistent across co-cultures. The 3 kDa findings suggest that pericytes provide more barrier support to the BBB model compared to astrocytes, although both supportive cell types are permeability reducers. Incorporation of 24-hour 12 dynes per cm2 flow significantly reduced dextran permeability in HBMEC monolayers, but not in the tri-culture model. These results indicate that tri-culture may exert more pronounced impact on overall BBB permeability than flow exposure. In both cases, monolayer and tri-culture, flow exposure interestingly reduced HBMEC expression of both claudin-5 and occludin. ZO-1 expression, and localization at cell-cell junctions increased in the tri-culture but exhibited no apparent change in the HBMEC monolayer. Under flow conditions, we also observed HBMEC alignment in the tri-culture but not in HBMEC monolayers, indicating supportive cells and flow are both essential to observe brain EC alignment in vitro. Collectively, these results support the necessity of physiologically relevant, multicellular BBB models when investigating BBB EC function. Consideration of the roles of shear stress and supportive cells within the BBB is critical for elucidating the physiology of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Vigliotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Caraballo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Claire I Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira M Herman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Effect of mechanical forces on cellular response to radiation. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:187-198. [PMID: 36228760 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular interactions and biochemical signaling has been investigated for long and showed to play a major role in the cell's fate, it is now also evident that mechanical forces continuously applied to the cells in their microenvironment are as important for tissue homeostasis. Mechanical cues are emerging as key regulators of cellular drug response and we aimed to demonstrate in this review that such effects should also be considered vital for the cellular response to radiation. In order to explore the mechanobiology of the radiation response, we reviewed the main mechanoreceptors and transducers, including integrin-mediated adhesion, YAP/TAZ pathways, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors and showed their implication in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. We then discussed the current studies that investigated a direct effect of mechanical stress, including extracellular matrix stiffness, shear stress and mechanical strain, on radiation response of cancer and normal cells and showed through preliminary results that such stress effectively can alter cell response after irradiation. However, we also highlighted the limitations of these studies and emphasized some of the contradictory data, demonstrating that the effect of mechanical cues could involve complex interactions and potential crosstalk with numerous cellular processes also affected by irradiation. Overall, mechanical forces alter radiation response and although additional studies are required to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms, these effects should not be neglected in radiation research as they could reveal new fundamental knowledge for predicting radiosensitivity or understanding resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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22
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Importance of the Plasma Membrane in Atherogenesis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1036. [PMID: 36363591 PMCID: PMC9698587 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are an important medical problem due to their high prevalence, impact on quality of life and prognosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which may improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events, which proceeds over many years and in which many cells in the bloodstream and the vascular wall are involved. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are complex, closely linked molecular mechanisms that occur in the plasma membranes of cells involved in atherogenesis. Lipid transport, innate immune system receptor function, and hemodynamic regulation are linked to plasma membranes and their biophysical properties. A better understanding of these interrelationships will improve diagnostic quality and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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23
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Tregub PP, Averchuk AS, Baranich TI, Ryazanova MV, Salmina AB. Physiological and Pathological Remodeling of Cerebral Microvessels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12683. [PMID: 36293539 PMCID: PMC9603917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the remodeling of cerebral microvessels plays an important role in plastic changes in the brain associated with development, experience, learning, and memory consolidation. At the same time, abnormal neoangiogenesis, and deregulated regulation of microvascular regression, or pruning, could contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases, stroke, and neurodegeneration. Aberrant remodeling of microvesselsis associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown, development of neuroinflammation, inadequate microcirculation in active brain regions, and leads to the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit and progressive neurological deficits. In this review, we summarize current data on the mechanisms of blood vessel regression and pruning in brain plasticity and in Alzheimer's-type neurodegeneration. We discuss some novel approaches to modulating cerebral remodeling and preventing degeneration-coupled aberrant microvascular activity in chronic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Tregub
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Barbacena P, Dominguez-Cejudo M, Fonseca CG, Gómez-González M, Faure LM, Zarkada G, Pena A, Pezzarossa A, Ramalho D, Giarratano Y, Ouarné M, Barata D, Fortunato IC, Misikova LH, Mauldin I, Carvalho Y, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, Eichmann A, Bernabeu MO, Franco CA. Competition for endothelial cell polarity drives vascular morphogenesis in the mouse retina. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2321-2333.e9. [PMID: 36220082 PMCID: PMC9552591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood-vessel formation generates unique vascular patterns in each individual. The principles governing the apparent stochasticity of this process remain to be elucidated. Using mathematical methods, we find that the transition between two fundamental vascular morphogenetic programs-sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling-is established by a shift of collective front-to-rear polarity of endothelial cells in the mouse retina. We demonstrate that the competition between biochemical (VEGFA) and mechanical (blood-flow-induced shear stress) cues controls this collective polarity shift. Shear stress increases tension at focal adhesions overriding VEGFA-driven collective polarization, which relies on tension at adherens junctions. We propose that vascular morphogenetic cues compete to regulate individual cell polarity and migration through tension shifts that translates into tissue-level emergent behaviors, ultimately leading to uniquely organized vascular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Dominguez-Cejudo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Faure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreia Pena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ramalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ylenia Giarratano
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Ouarné
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabela C Fortunato
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lenka Henao Misikova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ian Mauldin
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yulia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cláudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
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25
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Exarchos V, Neuber S, Meyborg H, Giampietro C, Chala N, Moimas S, Hinkov H, Kaufmann F, Pramotton FM, Krüger K, Rodriguez Cetina Biefer H, Cesarovic N, Poulikakos D, Falk V, Emmert MY, Ferrari A, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Anisotropic topographies restore endothelial monolayer integrity and promote the proliferation of senescent endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:953582. [PMID: 36277782 PMCID: PMC9579341 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.953582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombogenicity remains a major issue in cardiovascular implants (CVIs). Complete surficial coverage of CVIs by a monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) prior to implantation represents a promising strategy but is hampered by the overall logistical complexity and the high number of cells required. Consequently, extensive cell expansion is necessary, which may eventually lead to replicative senescence. Considering that micro-structured surfaces with anisotropic topography may promote endothelialization, we investigated the impact of gratings on the biomechanical properties and the replicative capacity of senescent ECs. After cultivation on gridded surfaces, the cells showed significant improvements in terms of adherens junction integrity, cell elongation, and orientation of the actin filaments, as well as enhanced yes-associated protein nuclear translocation and cell proliferation. Our data therefore suggest that micro-structured surfaces with anisotropic topographies may improve long-term endothelialization of CVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Exarchos
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Meyborg
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nafsika Chala
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Moimas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hristian Hinkov
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kaufmann
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca M. Pramotton
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Krüger
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Cardiac Surgery, City Hospital of Zürich, Site Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Cardiosurgical Research Group, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Translational Cardiovascular Regenerative Technologies Group, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité (Junior) (Digital) Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti,
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26
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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 PMCID: PMC9440900 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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27
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Friedland F, Babu S, Springer R, Konrad J, Herfs Y, Gerlach S, Gehlen J, Krause HJ, De Laporte L, Merkel R, Noetzel E. ECM-transmitted shear stress induces apoptotic cell extrusion in early breast gland development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:947430. [PMID: 36105352 PMCID: PMC9465044 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.947430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells of human breast glands are exposed to various mechanical ECM stresses that regulate tissue development and homeostasis. Mechanoadaptation of breast gland tissue to ECM-transmitted shear stress remained poorly investigated due to the lack of valid experimental approaches. Therefore, we created a magnetic shear strain device that enabled, for the first time, to analyze the instant shear strain response of human breast gland cells. MCF10A-derived breast acini with basement membranes (BM) of defined maturation state and basoapical polarization were used to resemble breast gland morphogenesis in vitro. The novel biophysical tool was used to apply cyclic shear strain with defined amplitudes (≤15%, 0.2 Hz) over 22 h on living spheroids embedded in an ultrasoft matrix (<60 Pa). We demonstrated that breast spheroids gain resistance to shear strain, which increased with BM maturation and basoapical polarization. Most intriguingly, poorly developed spheroids were prone to cyclic strain-induced extrusion of apoptotic cells from the spheroid body. In contrast, matured spheroids were insensitive to this mechanoresponse—indicating changing mechanosensing or mechanotransduction mechanisms during breast tissue morphogenesis. Together, we introduced a versatile tool to study cyclic shear stress responses of 3D cell culture models. It can be used to strain, in principle, all kinds of cell clusters, even those that grow only in ultrasoft hydrogels. We believe that this approach opens new doors to gain new insights into dynamic shear strain-induced mechanobiological regulation circuits between cells and their ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Friedland
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - S. Babu
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R. Springer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Konrad
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Y. Herfs
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - S. Gerlach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Gehlen
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - H.-J. Krause
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 3 (IBI-3): Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - L. De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Aachen, Germany
| | - R. Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - E. Noetzel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2 (IBI-2): Mechanobiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: E. Noetzel,
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28
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Human endothelial cells display a rapid tensional stress increase in response to tumor necrosis factor-α. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270197. [PMID: 35749538 PMCID: PMC9232152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner layer of blood vessels, making them the first barrier between the blood and interstitial tissues; thus endothelial cells play a crucial role in inflammation. In the inflammatory response, one important element is the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). While other pro-inflammatory agents like thrombin and histamine induce acute but transient changes in endothelial cells, which have been well studied biologically as well as mechanically, TNF-α is primarily known for its sustained effects on permeability and leukocyte recruitment. These functions are associated with transcriptional changes that take place on the timescale of hours and days. Here, we investigated the early mechanical action of TNF-α and show that even just 4 min after TNF-α was added onto human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, there was a striking rise in mechanical substrate traction force and internal monolayer tension. These traction forces act primarily at the boundary of the monolayer, as was to be expected. This increased internal monolayer tension may, in addition to TNF-α’s other well-studied biochemical responses, provide a mechanical signal for the cells to prepare to recruit leukocytes.
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29
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Edgar LT, Park H, Crawshaw JR, Osborne JM, Eichmann A, Bernabeu MO. Traffic Patterns of the Migrating Endothelium: How Force Transmission Regulates Vascular Malformation and Functional Shunting During Angiogenic Remodelling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840066. [PMID: 35663401 PMCID: PMC9160721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis occurs in distinct phases: initial spouting is followed by remodelling in which endothelial cells (ECs) composing blood vessels rearrange by migrating against the direction of flow. Abnormal remodelling can result in vascular malformation. Such is the case in mutation of the Alk1 receptor within the mouse retina which disrupts flow-migration coupling, creating mixed populations of ECs polarised with/against flow which aggregate into arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The lack of live imaging options in vivo means that the collective EC dynamics that drive AVM and the consequences of mixed populations of polarity remain a mystery. Therefore, our goal is to present a novel agent-based model to provide theoretical insight into EC force transmission and collective dynamics during angiogenic remodelling. Force transmission between neighbouring agents consists of extrusive forces which maintain spacing and cohesive forces which maintain the collective. We performed migration simulations within uniformly polarised populations (against flow) and mixed polarity (with/against flow). Within uniformly polarised populations, extrusive forces stabilised the plexus by facilitating EC intercalation which ensures that cells remained evenly distributed. Excess cohesion disrupts intercalation, resulting in aggregations of cells and functional shunting. Excess cohesion between ECs prevents them from resolving diameter balances within the plexus, leading to prolonged flow reversals which exert a critical behaviour change within the system as they switch the direction of cell migration and traffic patterns at bifurcations. Introducing mixtures of cell polarity dramatically changed the role of extrusive forces within the system. At low extrusion, opposing ECs were able to move past each other; however, at high extrusion the pushing between cells resulted in migration speeds close to zero, forming traffic jams and disrupting migration. In our study, we produced vascular malformations and functional shunting with either excess cohesion between ECs or mixtures of cell polarity. At the centre of both these mechanisms are cell-cell adherens junctions, which are involved in flow sensing/polarity and must remodelling dynamically to allow rearrangements of cells during vascular patterning. Thus, our findings implicate junctional dysfunction as a new target in the treatment and prevention of vascular disease and AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell T. Edgar
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lowell T. Edgar, ; Miguel O. Bernabeu,
| | - Hyojin Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jessica R. Crawshaw
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT, United States
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lowell T. Edgar, ; Miguel O. Bernabeu,
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30
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Polk T, Schmitt S, Aldrich JL, Long DS. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cell morphological response to fluid shear stress. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104377. [PMID: 35561754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As the cells that line the vasculature, endothelial cells are continually exposed to fluid shear stress by blood flow. Recent studies suggest that the morphological response of endothelial cells to fluid shear stress depends on the endothelial cell type. Thus, the present study characterizes the morphological response of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and nuclei to steady, laminar, and unidirectional fluid shear stress. Cultured HMEC-1 monolayers were exposed to shear stress of 0.3 dyn/cm2, 16 dyn/cm2, or 32 dyn/cm2 for 72 h with hourly live-cell imaging capturing both the nuclear and cellular morphology. Despite changes in elongation and alignment occurring with increasing fluid shear stress, there was a lack of elongation and alignment over time under each fluid shear stress condition. Conversely, changes in cellular and nuclear area exhibited dependence on both time and fluid shear stress magnitude. The trends in cellular morphology differed at shear stress levels above and below 16 dyn/cm2, whereas the nuclear orientation was independent of fluid shear stress magnitude. These findings show the complex morphological response of HMEC-1 to fluid shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabatha Polk
- Mechanobiology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Mechanobiology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Jessica L Aldrich
- Mechanobiology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - David S Long
- Mechanobiology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA.
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Ginsenoside compound K inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca109 cell via VEGF-A/Pi3k/Akt pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:99. [PMID: 35505354 PMCID: PMC9066758 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal cancer, one of the most common cancers in the upper digestive tract and is one of the leading cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accumulating studies found that Ginsenoside compound K (CK) has significantly anti-tumor effects, especially in the suppression of proliferation, migration, as well as invasion in various human cancers. While the effects of Ginsenoside CK in esophageal cancer have not been well studied. In our present study, we aim to explore the functions and mechanisms of Ginsenoside CK in the progression of esophageal cancer cells (Eca109). METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, transwell and flow cytometry assays were applied to analyze the effects of Ginsenoside CK in the progression of Eca109 cell, western blot assay was used to investigate the potential downstream signaling pathway after Ginsenoside CK treatment. RESULTS Our study found that Ginsenoside CK can suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca109 cell. Furthermore, the flow cytometry showed that Ginsenoside CK increased of apoptosis rates in Eca109 cell. The western blot results indicated that Ginsenoside CK decreased the expression of VEGF-A, P-Pi3k and P-Akt proteins. Moreover, the knockdown of VEGF-A gene could suppress cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis in Eca109 cell, and the expression of P-Pi3k and P-Akt proteins were significantly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Ginsenoside CK inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis of Eca109 cell by blocking VEGF-A/Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway.
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Miller B, Sewell-Loftin MK. Mechanoregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Angiogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804934. [PMID: 35087885 PMCID: PMC8787114 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells that compose the vascular system in the body display a wide range of mechanotransductive behaviors and responses to biomechanical stimuli, which act in concert to control overall blood vessel structure and function. Such mechanosensitive activities allow blood vessels to constrict, dilate, grow, or remodel as needed during development as well as normal physiological functions, and the same processes can be dysregulated in various disease states. Mechanotransduction represents cellular responses to mechanical forces, translating such factors into chemical or electrical signals which alter the activation of various cell signaling pathways. Understanding how biomechanical forces drive vascular growth in healthy and diseased tissues could create new therapeutic strategies that would either enhance or halt these processes to assist with treatments of different diseases. In the cardiovascular system, new blood vessel formation from preexisting vasculature, in a process known as angiogenesis, is driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) which promotes blood vessel development. However, physical forces such as shear stress, matrix stiffness, and interstitial flow are also major drivers and effectors of angiogenesis, and new research suggests that mechanical forces may regulate VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. In fact, VEGFR-2 activation has been linked to known mechanobiological agents including ERK/MAPK, c-Src, Rho/ROCK, and YAP/TAZ. In vascular disease states, endothelial cells can be subjected to altered mechanical stimuli which affect the pathways that control angiogenesis. Both normalizing and arresting angiogenesis associated with tumor growth have been strategies for anti-cancer treatments. In the field of regenerative medicine, harnessing biomechanical regulation of angiogenesis could enhance vascularization strategies for treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia or permit development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds. This review will focus on the impact of VEGFR-2 mechanosignaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and its interaction with other mechanotransductive pathways, as well as presenting a discussion on the relationship between VEGFR-2 activation and biomechanical forces in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that can help treat diseases with dysfunctional vascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronte Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Nashimoto Y, Abe M, Fujii R, Taira N, Ida H, Takahashi Y, Ino K, Ramon‐Azcon J, Shiku H. Topography and Permeability Analyses of Vasculature-on-a-Chip Using Scanning Probe Microscopies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101186. [PMID: 34409770 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) or organs-on-chips (OoC) can emulate the physiological functions of organs in vitro and are effective tools for determining human drug responses in preclinical studies. However, the analysis of MPS has relied heavily on optical tools, resulting in difficulties in real-time and high spatial resolution imaging of the target cell functions. In this study, the role of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) as an analytical tool for MPS is evaluated. An access hole is made in a typical MPS system with stacked microchannels to insert SPM probes into the system. For the first study, a simple vascular model composed of only endothelial cells is prepared for SPM analysis. Changes in permeability and local chemical flux are quantitatively evaluated during the construction of the vascular system. The morphological changes in the endothelial cells after flow stimulation are imaged at the single-cell level for topographical analysis. Finally, the possibility of adapting the permeability and topographical analysis using SPM for the intestinal vascular system is further evaluated. It is believed that this study will pave the way for an in situ permeability assay and structural analysis of MPS using SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS) Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Minori Abe
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Ryota Fujii
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Noriko Taira
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ida
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS) Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
- WPI‐Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332‐0012 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332‐0012 Japan
- WPI‐Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Ishikawa 920‐1192 Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
| | - Javier Ramon‐Azcon
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institució Catalana de Reserca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23 Barcelona E08010 Spain
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Miyagi 980‐8579 Japan
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Szklanny AA, Machour M, Redenski I, Chochola V, Goldfracht I, Kaplan B, Epshtein M, Simaan Yameen H, Merdler U, Feinberg A, Seliktar D, Korin N, Jaroš J, Levenberg S. 3D Bioprinting of Engineered Tissue Flaps with Hierarchical Vessel Networks (VesselNet) for Direct Host-To-Implant Perfusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102661. [PMID: 34510579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineering hierarchical vasculatures is critical for creating implantable functional thick tissues. Current approaches focus on fabricating mesoscale vessels for implantation or hierarchical microvascular in vitro models, but a combined approach is yet to be achieved to create engineered tissue flaps. Here, millimetric vessel-like scaffolds and 3D bioprinted vascularized tissues interconnect, creating fully engineered hierarchical vascular constructs for implantation. Endothelial and support cells spontaneously form microvascular networks in bioprinted tissues using a human collagen bioink. Sacrificial molds are used to create polymeric vessel-like scaffolds and endothelial cells seeded in their lumen form native-like endothelia. Assembling endothelialized scaffolds within vascularizing hydrogels incites the bioprinted vasculature and endothelium to cooperatively create vessels, enabling tissue perfusion through the scaffold lumen. Using a cuffing microsurgery approach, the engineered tissue is directly anastomosed with a rat femoral artery, promoting a rich host vasculature within the implanted tissue. After two weeks in vivo, contrast microcomputer tomography imaging and lectin perfusion of explanted engineered tissues verify the host ingrowth vasculature's functionality. Furthermore, the hierarchical vessel network (VesselNet) supports in vitro functionality of cardiomyocytes. Finally, the proposed approach is expanded to mimic complex structures with native-like millimetric vessels. This work presents a novel strategy aiming to create fully-engineered patient-specific thick tissue flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Václav Chochola
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ben Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Epshtein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Haneen Simaan Yameen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Merdler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Adam Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Josef Jaroš
- Cell and Tissue Regeneration, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Dyer LA, Rugonyi S. Fetal Blood Flow and Genetic Mutations in Conotruncal Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:90. [PMID: 34436232 PMCID: PMC8397097 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In congenital heart disease, the presence of structural defects affects blood flow in the heart and circulation. However, because the fetal circulation bypasses the lungs, fetuses with cyanotic heart defects can survive in utero but need prompt intervention to survive after birth. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus are two of the most significant conotruncal heart defects. In both defects, blood access to the lungs is restricted or non-existent, and babies with these critical conditions need intervention right after birth. While there are known genetic mutations that lead to these critical heart defects, early perturbations in blood flow can independently lead to critical heart defects. In this paper, we start by comparing the fetal circulation with the neonatal and adult circulation, and reviewing how altered fetal blood flow can be used as a diagnostic tool to plan interventions. We then look at known factors that lead to tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus: namely early perturbations in blood flow and mutations within VEGF-related pathways. The interplay between physical and genetic factors means that any one alteration can cause significant disruptions during development and underscore our need to better understand the effects of both blood flow and flow-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA;
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Chen C, Liu YQ, Qiu SX, Li Y, Yu NJ, Liu K, Zhong LM. Five metastasis-related mRNAs signature predicting the survival of patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:693. [PMID: 34116652 PMCID: PMC8194172 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors, of which prognosis is unsatisfactory in most cases and metastatic of HCC often results in poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to construct a metastasis- related mRNAs prognostic model to increase the accuracy of prediction of HCC prognosis. Methods Three hundred seventy-four HCC samples and 50 normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, involving transcriptomic and clinical data. Metastatic-related genes were acquired from HCMBD website at the same time. Two hundred thirty-three samples were randomly divided into train dataset and test dataset with a proportion of 1:1 by using caret package in R. Kaplan-Meier method and univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis were performed to obtain metastasis-related mRNAs which played significant roles in prognosis. Then, using multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic prediction model was established. Transcriptome and clinical data were combined to construct a prognostic model and a nomogram for OS evaluation. Functional enrichment in high- and low-risk groups were also analyzed by GSEA. An entire set based on The International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC) database was also applied to verify the model. The expression levels of SLC2A1, CDCA8, ATG10 and HOXD9 are higher in tumor samples and lower in normal tissue samples. The expression of TPM1 in clinical sample tissues is just the opposite. Results One thousand eight hundred ninety-five metastasis-related mRNAs were screened and 6 mRNAs were associated with prognosis. The overall survival (OS)-related prognostic model based on 5 MRGs (TPM1,SLC2A1, CDCA8, ATG10 and HOXD9) was significantly stratified HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups. The AUC values of the 5-gene prognostic signature at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 0.786,0.786 and 0.777. A risk score based on the signature was a significantly independent prognostic factor (HR = 1.434; 95%CI = 1.275–1.612; P < 0.001) for HCC patients. A nomogram which incorporated the 5-gene signature and clinical features was also built for prognostic prediction. GSEA results that low- and high-risk group had an obviously difference in part of pathways. The value of this model was validated in test dataset and ICGC database. Conclusion Metastasis-related mRNAs prognostic model was verified that it had a predictable value on the prognosis of HCC, which could be helpful for gene targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Central Hospital,The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong Central Hospital, Nan Chong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Qun Liu
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Central Hospital,The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Xiang Qiu
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Central Hospital,The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong Central Hospital, Nan Chong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Li
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Nanchong Central Hospital,The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong Central Hospital, Nan Chong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Jun Yu
- North Sichuan Medical College, School of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Nanchong Central Hospital,The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Ming Zhong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong Central Hospital, Nan Chong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
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