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Liu X, Wang C, Zhu W, Lv L, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gai X. Influence of triflumezopyrim and triadimefon co-exposure on enzymatic activity and gene expression changes in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 208:106269. [PMID: 40015861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Pollination insects frequently encounter complex mixtures of pesticides within agricultural ecosystems. However, current risk assessments for pesticides focus primarily on single agents, failing to reflect real-world conditions. Mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim (TFM) and triazole fungicide triadimefon (TAD) are two compounds often detected together in the environment, raising concerns over their combined toxic effects on pollinators. In this context, our study aimed to explore the enzymatic and transcriptional responses in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) when exposed to a mixture of TFM and TAD. Our findings revealed that co-exposure to these two pesticides induced acute synergistic toxicity in A. mellifera. Furthermore, significant alterations were observed in the levels of MDA, AChE, GST, and trypsin, along with the expression of four genes (abaecin, CRBXase, CYP6AS14, and CYP306A1) linked to oxidative stress, neural function, detoxification pathways, digestion, and immune competence. Additionally, both pesticides were found to modify the molecular conformation of CAT and AChE, thereby influencing their enzymatic activities. These results underscored the biochemical and molecular toxicities resulting from the combined action of TFM and TAD on A. mellifera, offering critical insights into the ecological impact of pesticide mixtures on pollinators. Importantly, the co-presence of TFM and TAD might exacerbate physiological damage in A. mellifera, likely due to their interactive effects. Collectively, this study represented a substantial advancement in comprehending the toxicological impacts of commonly used agricultural pesticides and provided valuable foundations for developing effective strategies to mitigate their harmful effects on pollination insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China.
| | - Xiaojun Gai
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China.
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Wueppenhorst K, Alkassab AT, Beims H, Ernst U, Friedrich E, Illies I, Janke M, Kirchner WH, Seidel K, Steinert M, Yurkov A, Erler S, Odemer R. Honey bee colonies can buffer short-term stressor effects of pollen restriction and fungicide exposure on colony development and the microbiome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116723. [PMID: 39024947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) have to withstand various environmental stressors alone or in combination in agriculture settings. Plant protection products are applied to achieve high crop yield, but residues of their active substances are frequently detected in bee matrices and could affect honey bee colonies. In addition, intensified agriculture could lead to resource limitation for honey bees. This study aimed to compare the response of full-sized and nucleus colonies to the combined stressors of fungicide exposure and resource limitation. A large-scale field study was conducted simultaneously at five different locations across Germany, starting in spring 2022 and continuing through spring 2023. The fungicide formulation Pictor® Active (active ingredients boscalid and pyraclostrobin) was applied according to label instructions at the maximum recommended rate on oil seed rape crops. Resource limitation was ensured by pollen restriction using a pollen trap and stressor responses were evaluated by assessing colony development, brood development, and core gut microbiome alterations. Furthermore, effects on the plant nectar microbiome were assessed since nectar inhabiting yeast are beneficial for pollination. We showed, that honey bee colonies were able to compensate for the combined stressor effects within six weeks. Nucleus colonies exposed to the combined stressors showed a short-term response with a less favorable brood to bee ratio and reduced colony development in May. No further impacts were observed in either the nucleus colonies or the full-sized colonies from July until the following spring. In addition, no fungicide-dependent differences were found in core gut and nectar microbiomes, and these differences were not distinguishable from local or environmental effects. Therefore, the provision of sufficient resources is important to increase the resilience of honey bees to a combination of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Wueppenhorst
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany; Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelsohnstraße 4, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Abdulrahim T Alkassab
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Hannes Beims
- Fachberatung für Imkerei, Bezirk Oberbayern, Prinzregentenstraße 14, München 80538, Germany; Institute for Apicuture, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Herzogin-Eleonore-Allee 5, Celle 29221, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ernst
- State Institute of Bee Research, University of Hohenheim, Erna-Hruschka-Weg 6, Stuttgart 70599, Germany; KomBioTa - Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elsa Friedrich
- State Institute of Bee Research, University of Hohenheim, Erna-Hruschka-Weg 6, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Ingrid Illies
- Institute for Bee Research and Beekeeping, Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, An der Steige 15, Veitshöchheim 97209, Germany
| | - Martina Janke
- Institute for Apicuture, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Herzogin-Eleonore-Allee 5, Celle 29221, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Kirchner
- Behavioral Biology and Biology Education, Ruhr-University-Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Kim Seidel
- Institute for Apicuture, Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Herzogin-Eleonore-Allee 5, Celle 29221, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Leibnitz Institute, Inhoffenstraße 7b, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany; Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelsohnstraße 4, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Richard Odemer
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
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Li S, Yue N, Li M, Li X, Li B, Wang H, Wang J, Jin F. Occurrence and distribution of trisiloxane ethoxylates in citrus orchard soils in China: Analytical challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170603. [PMID: 38325469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Trisiloxane ethoxylates (TSEOn) are widely used as agricultural surfactants due to their significant synergism with the active ingredients of pesticides, generally, including three typical end groups which are hydroxyl (TSEOn-H), methoxy (TSEOn-CH3), and acetoxy (TSEOn-COCH3), respectively. However, the potential ecotoxicological and endocrine-disrupting risks of TSEOn congeners have recently attracted ever-growing concern. Above all, there is limited research on the concentration levels of TSEOn in agroecosystems. This study, simultaneous analysis of 39 TSEOn oligomers in citrus orchard soils in China was implemented by the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method detection limits (MDLs) and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for TSEOn were 0.003-0.07 μg/kg and 0.01-0.20 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries for TSEOn oligomers in soils ranged from 81 % ∼ 106 % with related standard deviations (RSDs) < 7 %. This newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and stability allows us to successfully trace the occurrence of TSEOn congeners in the citrus orchard soils from 3 provinces and 1 municipality in China. The detected concentrations of TSEOn-H oligomers in the sampled soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.288 μg/kg (dry weight). The congener profiles of TSEOn-H were dominated by TSEOn-H (n = 6- 8) in the soils. Additionally, the total concentrations of TSEOn-H congeners (ΣTSEOn-H) in the soils were in the range of 0.03 to 1.49 μg/kg. A comparison of ΣTSEOn-H distribution among the different citrus orchard soils indicated a higher level of ΣTSEOn-H in the soil samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Notably, TSEOn-CH3 or TSEOn-COCH3 oligomers were not detected in the tested soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and distribution of TSEOn congeners in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Jütte T, Wernecke A, Klaus F, Pistorius J, Dietzsch AC. Risk assessment requires several bee species to address species-specific sensitivity to insecticides at field-realistic concentrations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22533. [PMID: 38110412 PMCID: PMC10728145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the European registration process, pesticides are currently mainly tested on the honey bee. Since sensitivity data for other bee species are lacking for the majority of xenobiotics, it is unclear if and to which extent this model species can adequately serve as surrogate for all wild bees. Here, we investigated the effects of field-realistic contact exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide, containing lambda-cyhalothrin, on seven bee species (Andrena vaga, Bombus terrestris, Colletes cunicularius, Osmia bicornis, Osmia cornuta, Megachile rotundata, Apis mellifera) with different life history characteristics in a series of laboratory trials over two years. Our results on sensitivity showed significant species-specific responses to the pesticide at a field-realistic application rate (i.e., 7.5 g a.s./ha). Species did not group into distinct classes of high and low mortality. Bumble bee and mason bee survival was the least affected by the insecticide, and M. rotundata survival was the most affected with all individuals dead 48 h after application. Apis mellifera showed medium mortality compared to the other bee species. Most sublethal effects, i.e. behavioral abnormalities, were observed within the first hours after application. In some of the solitary species, for example O. bicornis and A. vaga, a higher percentage of individuals performed some abnormal behavior for longer until the end of the observation period. While individual bee weight explained some of the observed mortality patterns, differences are likely linked to additional ecological, phylogenetic or toxicogenomic parameters as well. Our results support the idea that honey bee data can be substitute for some bee species' sensitivity and may justify the usage of safety factors. To adequately cover more sensitive species, a larger set of bee species should be considered for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Jütte
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anna Wernecke
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Klaus
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke C Dietzsch
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
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