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Pesaresi P, Loit E. Editorial: Options for transition of land towards intensive and sustainable agricultural systems, volume II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1437911. [PMID: 38933463 PMCID: PMC11199883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1437911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelin Loit
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Amarasinghe A, Chen C, Van Zwieten L, Rashti MR. The role of edaphic variables and management practices in regulating soil microbial resilience to drought - A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169544. [PMID: 38141972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental disturbances such as drought can impact soil health and the resistance (ability to withstand environmental stress) and resilience (ability to recover functional and structural integrity after stress) of soil microbial functional activities. A paucity of information exists on the impact of drought on soil microbiome and how soil biological systems respond to and demonstrate resilience to drought stress. To address this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (using only laboratory studies) to assess the response of soil microbial biomass and respiration to drought stress across agriculture, forest, and grassland ecosystems. The meta-analysis revealed an overall negative response of microbial biomass in resistance (-31.6 %) and resilience (-0.3 %) to drought, suggesting a decrease in soil microbial biomass content. Soil microbial respiration also showed a negative response in resistance to drought stress indicating a decrease in soil microbial respiration in agriculture (-17.5 %), forest (-64.0 %), and grassland (-65.5 %) ecosystems. However, it showed a positive response in resilience to drought, suggesting an effective recovery in microbial respiration post-drought. Soil organic carbon (SOC), clay content, and pH were the main regulating factors of the responses of soil microbial biomass and respiration to drought. In agriculture ecosystem, soil pH was primarily correlated with soil microbial respiration resistance and resilience to drought, potentially influenced by frequent land preparation and fertilizer applications, while in forest ecosystem SOC, clay content, and pH significantly impacted microbial biomass and respiration resistance and resilience. In grassland ecosystem, SOC was strongly associated with biomass resilience to drought. The impact of drought stress on soil microbiome showed different patterns in natural and agriculture ecosystems, and the magnitude of microbial functional responses regulated by soil intrinsic properties. This study highlighted the importance of understanding the role of soil properties in shaping microbial responses to drought stress for better ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apsara Amarasinghe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Lukas Van Zwieten
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehran Rezaei Rashti
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Gao W, Chen H, Yang M, Quan Z, Fang Y, Chen X, Xie H, He H, Zhang X, Lu C. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on N 2 and N 2O emission rates and N 2O emission microbial pathways in Mollisols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168440. [PMID: 37952674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Conservation tillage is widely used in farmland management for soil carbon sequestration, but it can also lead to potential emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Therefore, our study is aimed to investigate the effects of 15 years of no-tillage combined with four straw mulching levels of 0 % (NT0), 33 % (NT33), 67 % (NT67), and 100 % (NT100) compared to ridge tillage (RT) on the rates of N2O and N2 emissions and the respective contributions of four microbial pathways to N2O emissions. The incubation experiments were conducted at two different moisture levels (55 % and 100 % WFPS) by using dicyandiamide inhibition and 15N-labeling techniques. Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths across three maize growth stages: seedling, jointing, and maturity. Our results showed that conservation tillage significantly decreased the N2O + N2 emission at 55 % WFPS, but it has a reverse influence in N2O + N2 emission at 100 % WFPS. The proportion of N2O in gaseous N loss were higher at 100 % WFPS than at 55 % WFPS. Among the four microbial pathways for N2O emissions, autotrophic nitrification was the dominant pathway 55 %WFPS. The contribution of autotrophic nitrification remarkably decreased, co-denitrification and denitrification increased at 100 %WFPS. Overall, at 100 % WFPS, N2O emissions from all major microbial pathways were positively correlated with GWC, temperature, TC, TN, NH4+-N, and NO3--N, but negatively correlated with soil pH and C/N ratios. Our results suggest that long-term conservation tillage increases N2O and N2 emissions from the soil under water-saturated conditions by regulating soil nutrient levels, soil moisture, and microbial pathways. Therefore, we should consider the impact of conservation tillage on N2O emission risk when we attach importance to the role of conservation tillage in improving soil quality and increasing crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wanjing Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Miaoyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhi Quan
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hongtu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Caiyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Zuo S, Wu D, Du Z, Xu C, Tan Y, Bol R, Wu W. Mitigation of soil N 2O emissions by decomposed straw based on changes in dissolved organic matter and denitrifying bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167148. [PMID: 37730058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The return of decomposed straw represents a less explored potential option for reducing N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of decomposed straw return on soil N2O mitigation are still not fully clear. Therefore, we used a helium atmosphere robotized continuous flow incubation system to compare the soil N2O and N2 emissions from four treatments: CK (control: no straw), WS (wheat straw), IWS (wheat straw decomposed with Irpex lacteus), and PWS (wheat straw decomposed with Phanerochaete chrysosporium). All the treatments have been fertilized with the same amount of KNO3. Furthermore, we also analyzed i) the chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), ii) the nirS, nirK, and nosZ gene copies and relative abundances of denitrifying bacterial communities (DBCs), and iii) the specific linkages between N2O emissions and DOM and DBC. The results showed that the WS, IWS and PWS treatments increased N2O emissions compared to the CK treatment. However, applying decomposed straw to soil, especially straw treated with P. chrysosporium, effectively decreased the soil N2O and increased N2 emissions compared to WS and IWS. Moreover, the IWS and PWS treatments increased the CHO composition, but they decreased the CHON and CHOS compositions of heteroatomic compounds of DOM compared with the WS and CK treatments. Furthermore, the WS, IWS and PWS treatments all significantly increased the nirS and nosZ gene copies compared with the CK treatment. Additionally, compared with the other treatments, the PWS treatment significantly shaped the DBC and led to a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonas with nirS and nosZ genes. Meanwhile, Network analysis showed that the mitigation of N2O was closely related to particular DOM molecules, and specific DBC taxa. These results highlight the potential for decomposed straw amendments to mitigate of soil N2O emissions not only by changing soil DOM but also mediating the soil DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangliu Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuncheng Xu
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuechen Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Schneider N, Islam M, Wehrle R, Pätzold S, Brüggemann N, Töpfer R, Herzog K. Deep incorporation of organic amendments into soils of a 'Calardis Musqué' vineyard: effects on greenhouse gas emissions, vine vigor, and grape quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253458. [PMID: 38034571 PMCID: PMC10687477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditional wine growing regions are increasingly endangered by climatic alterations. One promising approach to mitigate advancing climate change could be an increase of soil organic matter. Here, especially subsoils are of interest as they provide higher carbon storage potential than topsoils. In this context, vineyard subsoils could be particularly suitable since they are deeply cultivated once before planting and afterwards, left at rest for several decades due to the perennial nature of grapevines. Methods For this purpose, a biochar compost substrate and greenwaste compost were incorporated in up to 0.6 m depth before planting a new experimental vineyard with the fungus-resistant grapevine cultivar 'Calardis Musqué'. The influence of this deep incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions and grapevine performance was evaluated and compared to a non-amended control using sensor-based analyses. Results Increased CO2 emissions and lower N2O emissions were found for the incorporation treatments compared to the control, but these differences were not statistically significant due to high spatial variability. Only few plant traits like chlorophyll content or berry cuticle characteristics were significantly affected in some of the experimental years. Over the course of the study, annual climatic conditions had a much stronger influence on plant vigor and grape quality than the incorporated organic amendments. Discussion In summary, organic soil amendments and their deep incorporation did not have any significant effect on greenhouse gas emissions and no measurable or only negligible effect on grapevine vigor, and grape quality parameters. Thus, according to our study the deposition of organic amendments in vineyard subsoils seems to be an option for viticulture to contribute to carbon storage in soils in order to mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Schneider
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IGB-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ralf Wehrle
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Pätzold
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IGB-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Katja Herzog
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institute, Siebeldingen, Germany
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Zhang X, Liang Q, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhang A, Tan Y, Bol R. Incorporating straw into intensively farmed cropland soil can reduce N 2O emission via inhibition of nitrification and denitrification pathways. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118115. [PMID: 37196616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Straw incorporation (SI) combined with N fertilizer has been shown to affect soil N2O emission and N-related functional microbes in agriculture. However, the responses of N2O emission, community structure of nitrifiers and denitrifiers and related microbial functional genes to straw management strategies in the winter wheat season in China remain unclear. Here, we conducted a two-season experiment in a winter wheat field in Ningjing County, northern China, to examine four treatments: no fertilizer with (N0S1) and without maize straw (N0S0); N fertilizer with (N1S1) and without maize straw (N1S0), and their effects on N2O emissions, soil chemical parameters, crop yield, as well as the dynamics of nitrifying and denitrifying microbial communities. We found that seasonal N2O emissions decreased by 7.1-11.1% (p < 0.05) in N1S1 as compared to N1S0, without significant difference between N0S1 and N0S0. In combination with N fertilization, SI increased the yield by 2.6-4.3%, altered the microbial community composition, increased Shannon and ACE indexes, and decreased the abundance of AOA (9.2%), AOB (32.2%; p < 0.05), nirS (35.2%; p < 0.05), nirK (21.6%; p < 0.05) and nosZ (19.2%). However, in the absence of N fertilizer, SI promoted the major genera of Nitrosavbrio (AOB), unclassifiied_Gammaproteobacteria, Rhodanobacter (nirS), Sinorhizobium (nirK), which strongly correlated positively with N2O emissions. Thereby, a negative interaction effect between SI and N fertilizer on AOB and nirS emphasized that SI could offset the increase of N2O emission caused by fertilization. Soil moisture and NO3- concentration were the major factors affecting N-related microbial community structure. Our study reveals that SI suppressed N2O emission significantly and simultaneously decreased the abundance of N-related functional genes and altered denitrifying bacterial community composition. We conclude that SI helps to enhance yield and alleviate fertilizer-induced environmental costs in intensively farmed fields in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Qing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Guiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yuechen Tan
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
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Chen H, Rosinger C, Blagodatsky S, Reichel R, Li B, Kumar A, Rothardt S, Luo J, Brüggemann N, Kage H, Bonkowski M. Straw amendment and nitrification inhibitor controlling N losses and immobilization in a soil cooling-warming experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:162007. [PMID: 36739009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is common practice in agriculture to apply high‑carbon amendments, e.g. straw, or nitrification inhibitors (NI) to reduce soil nitrogen (N) losses. However, little is known on the combined effects of straw and NI and how seasonal soil temperature variations further affect N immobilization. We conducted a 113-day mesocosm experiment with different levels of 15N-fertilizer application (N0: control; N1: 125 kg N ha-1; N2: 250 kg N ha-1) in an agricultural soil, amended with either wheat straw, NI or a combination of both in order to investigate N retention and loss from soil after a cooling-warming phase simulating a seasonal temperature shift, i.e., 30 days cooling phase at 7 °C and 10 days warming phase at 21 °C. Subsequently, soils were planted with barley as phytometers to study 15N-transfer to a following crop. Straw addition significantly reduced soil N-losses due to microbial N immobilization. Although carbon added as straw led to increased N2O emissions at high N fertilization, this was partly counterbalanced by NI. Soil cooling-warming strongly increased ammonification (+77 %), while nitrification was suppressed, and straw-induced microbial N immobilization dominated. N immobilized after straw addition was mineralized at the end of the experiment as indicated by structural equation models. Re-mineralization in N2 was sufficient, but still suboptimal in N0 and N1 at critical times of early barley growth. N-use efficiency of the 15N tracer decreased with fertilization intensity from 50 % in N1 to 35 % in N2, and straw amendment reduced NUE to 25 % at both fertilization rates. Straw amendment was most powerful in reducing N-losses (-41 %), in particular under variable soil temperature conditions, but NI enforced its effects by reducing N2O emission (-40 %) in N2 treatment. Sufficient N-fertilization coupled with straw application is required to adjust the timely re-mineralization of N for subsequent crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosinger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Bo Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551 Al Ain, UAE
| | - Steffen Rothardt
- Agronomy and Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Henning Kage
- Agronomy and Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Department of Biology, Germany
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Cao X, Reichel R, Wissel H, Brüggemann N. Improving nitrogen retention of cattle slurry with oxidized biochar: An incubation study with three different soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1-12. [PMID: 36327389 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of livestock slurry in soils can lead to nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3 ) emission or nitrate (NO3 - ) leaching. Oxidized biochar has great potential to mitigate N losses due to its strong adsorption capacity; however, the effects of oxidized biochar in different soils treated with slurry are currently unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of untreated and oxidized biochar (applied at a rate of 50 kg C m-3 slurry) on reducing N losses in a laboratory experiment with three different soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, loam) amended with cattle slurry at an application rate of 73 kg N ha-1 . Oxidized biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 64-75% in all soils, whereas untreated biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 61% only in the loamy sand. Oxidized biochar significantly reduced the NO3 - content in the soil solution of the loamy sand in the early phase of the incubation and led to a significantly higher NO3 - concentration in the same soil compared with the slurry-only treatment at the end of the experiment, indicating a significant increase in NO3 - retention in this organic C-poor soil. We conclude that oxidized biochar can reduce N losses, both in the form of NH3 emission and NO3 - leaching, from cattle slurry applied to soil, particularly in soil with soil organic carbon content <1% and pH <5 (i.e., oxidized biochar can serve as a means for improving the quality of marginal and acidic soils).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Cao
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Holger Wissel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Jülich, Germany
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Xu L, Li D, Wang D, Ye L, Nie Y, Fang H, Xue W, Bai C, Van Ranst E. Achieving the dual goals of biomass production and soil rehabilitation with sown pasture on marginal cropland: Evidence from a multi-year field experiment in Northeast Inner Mongolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985864. [PMID: 36247641 PMCID: PMC9557734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grassland is the primary land use in China but has experienced severe degradation in recent decades due to overgrazing and conversion to agricultural production. Here, we conducted a field experiment in northeastern Inner Mongolia to test the effectiveness of sown pastures in lowering the grazing pressure on grasslands and raising the quality of marginal soils. Alfalfa and smooth bromegrass monocultures and mixture were sown in a marginal cropland field in Hulunber in June 2016. Biomass productivity, soil physicochemical, and biological properties were monitored annually from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the marginal cropland soil responded consistently positively to sown pastures for major soil properties. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) increased by 48 and 21%, respectively, from 2016 to 2020 over the 0-60 cm soil depth range. Soil microbes responded proactively too. The soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) increased by 117 and 39%, respectively, during the period of 2016-2020. However, by the end of the experiment, the soil of a natural grassland field, which was included in the experiment as a control, led the sown pasture soil by 28% for SOC, 35% for TN, 66% for SMBC, and 96% for SMBN. Nevertheless, the natural grassland soil's productive capacity was inferior to that of the sown pasture soil. The average aboveground biomass productivity of sown pastures was measured at 8.4 Mg ha-1 in 2020, compared to 5.0 Mg ha-1 for natural grassland, while the root biomass of sown pastures was averaged at 7.5 Mg ha-1, leading the natural grassland by 15%. Our analyses also showed that the sown pastures' biomass productivity advantage had a much-neglected potential in natural grassland protection. If 50% of the available marginal cropland resources in Hulunber under the current environmental protection law were used for sown pastures, the livestock grazing pressure on the natural grasslands would decrease by a big margin of 38%. Overall, these results represent systematic empirical and analytical evidence of marginal cropland soil's positive responses to sown pastures, which shows clearly that sown pasture is a valid measure both for soil rehabilitation and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Grassland Research, Baicheng Institute of Animal Husbandry, Baicheng, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Grassland Research, Baicheng Institute of Animal Husbandry, Baicheng, China
| | - Liming Ye
- Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yingying Nie
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Fang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Grassland Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
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10
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Impact of Plant-Based Amendments on Water-Soluble Nitrogen Release Dynamics in Cultivated Peatlands. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drained cultivated peatlands have been an essential agricultural resource for many years. To slow and reduce the degradation of these soils, which increases with drainage, the use of plant-based amendments (straw, wood chips, and biochar) has been proposed. Literature on the effects of such amendments in cultivated peatlands is scarce, and questions have been raised regarding the impact of this practice on nutrient cycling, particularly nitrogen (N) dynamics. By means of a six-month incubation experiment, this study assessed the effects of four plant-based amendments (biochar, a forest mix, willow, and miscanthus) on the release kinetics of water-soluble N pools (mineral and organic) in two histosols of differing degrees of decomposition (Haplosaprist and Haplohemist). The amendment rate was set at 15 Mg ha−1 on a dry weight basis. The N release kinetics were significantly impacted by soil type and amendment. Miscanthus and willow were the amendments that most reduced the release of soluble organic N (SON) and mineral N (minN). The addition of plant-based amendments reduced the total amount of released N pools during the incubation (cumulative N pools) by 50.3 to 355.2 mg kg−1, depending on the soil type, the N pool, and the type of amendment. A significant relationship was found between microbial biomass N, urease activity, and the cumulative N at the end of the incubation. The results showed that the input of plant-based amendments in cultivated peatland decreases N release, which could have a beneficial impact by decreasing N leaching; however, it could also restrict crop growth. Further research is needed to fully assess the impact of such amendments used in cultivated peatlands on N and on C fluxes at the soil–plant and soil–atmosphere interfaces to determine if they constitute a long-term solution for more sustainable agriculture.
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Chang F, Jia F, Guan M, Jia Q, Sun Y, Li Z. Responses of Soil Rare and Abundant Sub-Communities and Physicochemical Properties after Application of Different Chinese Herb Residue Soil Amendments. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:564-574. [PMID: 35354763 PMCID: PMC9628873 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant sub-communities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these sub-communities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China,Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, P.R. China
| | - Fengan Jia
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, P.R. China
| | - Min Guan
- Shaanxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Xianyang 712000, P.R. China
| | - Qingan Jia
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y. Sun Phone: +8615353554537 E-mail:
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China,
Z. Li Phone: +8613572900787 E-mail:
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12
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Shi Y. Impacts of Fertilization Optimization on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization Under Water-Saving Irrigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878424. [PMID: 35665172 PMCID: PMC9161168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have proposed the practice of split nitrogen fertilizer application (SNFA), which has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. However, the combined effects of SNFA on wheat plant nitrogen use efficiency, ammonia (NH3) emission flux, as well as the rates of nitrification and denitrification in different ecosystems remain unclear. Meanwhile, few studies have sought to understand the effects of the split nitrogen fertilizer method under water-saving irrigation technology conditions on nitrogen loss. The current study assessed soil NH3 volatilization, nitrification, and denitrification intensities, as well as the abundance of nitrogen cycle-related functional genes following application of different treatments. Specifically, we applied a nitrogen rate of 240 kg⋅ha-1, and the following fertilizer ratios of the percent base to that of topdressing under water-saving irrigation: N1 (basal/dressing, 100/0%), N2 (basal/dressing, 70/30%), N3 (basal/dressing, 50/50%), N4 (basal/dressing, 30/70%), and N5 (basal/dressing, 0/100%). N3 treatment significantly reduced NH3 volatilization, nitrification, and denitrification intensities, primarily owing to the reduced reaction substrate concentration (NO3 - and NH4 +) and abundance of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle (amoA-AOB, nirK, and nirS) within the wheat-land soil. 15N tracer studies further demonstrated that N3 treatments significantly increased the grain nitrogen accumulation by 9.50-28.27% compared with that under other treatments. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the amount of nitrogen absorbed by wheat from soil and fertilizers, which was caused by an enhancement in total nitrogen uptake (7.2-21.81%). Overall, N3 treatment (basal/dressing, 50/50%) was found to effectively reduce nitrogen loss through NH3 volatilization, nitrification and denitrification while improving nitrogen uptake by wheat. Thus, its application will serve to further maximize the yield and provide a fertilization practice that will facilitate cleaner wheat production in the North China Plain.
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13
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Nutrient Availability for Lactuca sativa Cultivated in an Amended Peatland: An Ionic Exchange Study. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few conservation strategies have been applied to cultivated peatland. This field study over one growth cycle of Lactuca sativa examined the effect of plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments in a real farming situation on peatland. Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes were used directly in the field to assess the impacts of incorporating Miscanthus x giganteus straw and Salix miyabeana chips on nutrient availability for lettuce. The results showed that lettuce yield decreased by 35% in the miscanthus straw treatment and by 14% in the willow chip treatment. In addition, the nitrogen flux rate was severely reduced during crop growth (75% reduction) and the plant N uptake index was much lower in the amended treatments than in the control. The phosphorus supply rate was also significantly lower (24% reduction) in the willow treatment. The influence of sampling zone was significant as well, with most macro-nutrients being depleted in the root zone and most micro-nutrients being mobilized. Additional work is needed to optimize the proposed conservation strategy and investigate the effects of consecutive years of soil amendment on different vegetable crops and in different types of cultivated peatlands to confirm and generalize the findings of this study. Future field studies should also explore the long-term carbon dynamics under plant-based, high-C/N-ratio amendments to determine if they can offset annual C losses.
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14
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Schröder P, Mench M, Povilaitis V, Rineau F, Rutkowska B, Schloter M, Szulc W, Žydelis R, Loit E. Relaunch cropping on marginal soils by incorporating amendments and beneficial trace elements in an interdisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149844. [PMID: 34525739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the EU and world-wide, agriculture is in transition. Whilst we just converted conventional farming imprinted by the post-war food demand and heavy agrochemical usage into integrated and sustainable farming with optimized production, we now have to focus on even smarter agricultural management. Enhanced nutrient efficiency and resistance to pests/pathogens combined with a greener footprint will be crucial for future sustainable farming and its wider environment. Future land use must embrace efficient production and utilization of biomass for improved economic, environmental, and social outcomes, as subsumed under the EU Green Deal, including also sites that have so far been considered as marginal and excluded from production. Another frontier is to supply high-quality food and feed to increase the nutrient density of staple crops. In diets of over two-thirds of the world's population, more than one micronutrient (Fe, Zn, I or Se) is lacking. To improve nutritious values of crops, it will be necessary to combine integrated, systems-based approaches of land management with sustainable redevelopment of agriculture, including central ecosystem services, on so far neglected sites: neglected grassland, set aside land, and marginal lands, paying attention to their connectivity with natural areas. Here we need new integrative approaches which allow the application of different instruments to provide us not only with biomass of sufficient quality and quantity in a site specific manner, but also to improve soil ecological services, e.g. soil C sequestration, water quality, habitat and soil resistance to erosion, while keeping fertilization as low as possible. Such instruments may include the application of different forms of high carbon amendments, the application of macro- and microelements to improve crop performance and quality as well as a targeted manipulation of the soil microbiome. Under certain caveats, the potential of such sites can be unlocked by innovative production systems, ready for the sustainable production of crops enriched in micronutrients and providing services within a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microiome Analysis, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michel Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Virmantas Povilaitis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Francois Rineau
- Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microiome Analysis, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wieslaw Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renaldas Žydelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Evelin Loit
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Field Crops and Plant Biology, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
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15
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Monitoring transformation of two tropical lignocellulosics and their lignins after residence in Benin soils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21524. [PMID: 34728778 PMCID: PMC8563747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally assisted Hydrolysis and Methylation (THM), and 2D-heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR) spectroscopy were used to monitor the transformation of ramial chipped wood (RCW) from Gmelina arborea and Sarcocephalus latifolius, together with their organosolv lignins, following soil incubation in Benin (West Africa). Mesh litterbags containing RCW were buried in soils (10 cm depth) and were retrieved after 0, 6, 12 and 18 months of field incubation. Chemical analysis showed that total carbohydrate content decreased, while total lignin content increased as RCW decomposition progressed. Ash and mineral content of RCW increased significantly after 18 months of decomposition in soil. Significant N-enrichment of the RCW was determined following 18 months incubation in soils, reaching 2.6 and 1.9 times the initial N-content for G. arborea and S. latifolius. Results of THM showed that the S + G sum, corresponding to lignins, increased with RCW residence time in the soils, in contrast to the response of compounds derived from carbohydrates, the sum of which decreased. Remarkably, lignin interunit linkages, most notably β-O-4' aryl ethers, β-β' resinol, β-5' phenylcoumaran and p-PCA p-coumarate, survived after 18 months in the soil, despite their gradual decrease over the duration of the experiment.
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16
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Zhao Y, Lin S, Wan L, Qasim W, Hu J, Xue T, Lv H, Butterbach-Bahl K. Anaerobic soil disinfestation with incorporation of straw and manure significantly increases greenhouse gases emission and reduces nitrate leaching while increasing leaching of dissolved organic N. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147307. [PMID: 33957593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production in China mostly involves excessive N fertilization and flood irrigation. This causes serious soil degradation and spreading of soil borne diseases. As a countermeasure against soil borne diseases anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is applied during the summer fallow period. Current practices involve the incorporation of organic C sources, covering of the soil with plastic film and flood irrigation. However, farmers not only apply straw but also organic manure in ASD which may result in significant greenhouse gas emissions and N leaching. A field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the summer fallow period to test the impact of three ASD practices on soil GHG (N2O, CO2 and CH4) emissions and N leaching: 1) control (CK), bare soil, no ASD; 2) ASD without straw incorporation (ASD-S); 3) ASD plus straw incorporation (ASD+S) and 4) ASD plus straw and chicken manure incorporation (ASD+SM). Applying any form of ASD resulted in an increase in N2O emissions from approximately 1 kg N ha-1 month-1 to 10.7 (ASD)-47.0 (ASD+SM) kg N ha-1 month-1. Furthermore, N leaching from treatments of ASD ranged from 24.1-54.2 kg N ha-1 month-1, with highest values in ASD-S. However, while N leaching in ASD-S was solely in the form of NO3-, DON leaching was with approximately 12-20% a significant component of total N leaching in ASD+S and ASD+SM. Overall, ASD+SM showed the highest environmental N losses, which were dominated by N2O emissions. This highlights the need to advise farmers and policy makers to ban the incorporation of chicken manure instead of straw only during the ASD period and to optimize irrigation schemes instead of flood irrigation to reduce environmental N losses. Putting in more environmental sound ASD practices will certainly help to improve the sustainability of greenhouse vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Li Wan
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Waqas Qasim
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongxin Xue
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haofeng Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Sarangi S, Swain H, Adak T, Bhattacharyya P, Mukherjee AK, Kumar G, Mehetre ST. Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost promotes plant growth and imparts stress tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44014-44027. [PMID: 33846916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw burning is causing huge economic losses and environmental hazards. Microbial mediated ex situ composting could be a viable solution which would not only reduce the straw burning but also will enrich nutrition to the soil. Strains of Trichoderma isolated from tree bark were tested to decompose rice straw efficiently, and the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw compost was used subsequently to improve rice growth. Two isolates of Trichoderma reesei (NRRIT-26 and NRRIT-27) decomposed the straw by producing higher decomposing enzymes, like total cellulase (≥ 1.87 IU mL-1), endoglucanase (≥ 0.75 IU mL-1), xylanase (≥ 163.49 nkat mL-1), and laccase (≥ 11.75 IU mL-1). Trichoderma decomposed rice straw compost had higher nutrient contents (1.97% N, 2.04% K, and 0.88% P) and optimum C/N ratio (28:2) as compared to control. The Trichoderma decomposed rice straw as a nutrient reduced the mean germination time (2.2 days as compared to 4 days in control) and enhanced the seedling vigor and total chlorophyll content in rice. Expression of defense enzymes, like catalase (≥ 200% both in shoot and root), peroxidase (≥ 180% in root and ≥ 300% in shoot), and superoxide dismutase (≥ 160% in root and ≥ 90% in shoot), were higher in treated plants as compared to control indicating higher stress tolerance ability to crops. We conclude that the Trichoderma-mediated rice straw management is a viable option and has the potential to reduce straw burning, and at the same time, the compost could enrich soil fertility and impart intrinsic stress tolerance to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Sarangi
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Harekrushna Swain
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Totan Adak
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Arup K Mukherjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Sayaji T Mehetre
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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18
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Karuppiah V, Zhixiang L, Liu H, Vallikkannu M, Chen J. Co-culture of Vel1-overexpressed Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: An eco-friendly strategy to hydrolyze the lignocellulose biomass in soil to enrich the soil fertility, plant growth and disease resistance. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:57. [PMID: 33653343 PMCID: PMC7927390 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth. In the present investigation, the co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens has been employed for multiple benefits including the enrichment of lignocellulose biodegradation, plant growth, defense potential and disease resistance. Results The Vel1 gene predominantly regulates the secondary metabolites, sexual and asexual development as well as cellulases and polysaccharide hydrolases productions. Overexpression mutant of the Trichoderma asperellum Vel1 locus (TA OE-Vel1) enhanced the activity of FPAase, CMCase, PNPCase, PNPGase, xylanase I, and xylanase II through the regulation of transcription regulating factors and the activation of cellulase and xylanase encoding genes. Further, these genes were induced upon co-cultivation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA). The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA produced the best composition of enzymes and the highest biomass hydrolysis yield of 89.56 ± 0.61%. The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the corn stover degradation by the secretion of cellulolytic enzymes and maintained the C/N ratio of the corn stover amended soil. Moreover, the TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the maize plant growth, expression of defense gene and disease resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Cohilohorus herostrophus. Conclusion The co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens could be utilized as a profound and meaningful technique for the retention of agro residues and subsequent plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valliappan Karuppiah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.,The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Zhixiang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.,The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.,The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Murugappan Vallikkannu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.,The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, PR China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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19
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Zhao Y, Lv H, Qasim W, Wan L, Wang Y, Lian X, Liu Y, Hu J, Wang Z, Li G, Wang J, Lin S, Butterbach-Bahl K. Drip fertigation with straw incorporation significantly reduces N 2O emission and N leaching while maintaining high vegetable yields in solar greenhouse production. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116521. [PMID: 33508627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1/3 of vegetables in China are produced in solar greenhouses. Most farmers use conventional irrigation with over fertilisation (CIF), thereby applying approximately 2000 kg N ha-1 fertiliser over two cropping seasons per year. Here, we tested the effect of drip irrigation with reduced fertilisation (DIF) combined with straw incorporation on reducing N2O emissions and nitrogen leaching from solar greenhouse vegetable production systems. Over three consecutive tomato cropping seasons, N2O emissions and nitrogen leaching were monitored in high temporal resolution, thereby producing a unique dataset. Compared to CIF, the realised drip fertigation scheme reduces N2O emission and nitrogen leaching of nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen by approximately a factor of 5-10 (N2O-DIF: 10.3, CIF: 47.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1; N leaching-DIF: 83.6, CIF: 863 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Straw incorporation in CIF, though advantageous for soil health, resulted in pollution swapping as soil N2O emissions increased while NO3- leaching losses decreased. On the contrary, no significant negative environmental N effects of straw incorporation were found for DIF. As crop productivity was not affected by straw incorporation, neither for CIF nor for DIF, our study provides a sound basis for policy advice to recommend farmers to adopt drip fertigation combined with straw application. Wide scale adoption of this technique will result in reductions of environment N losses, alleviate major soil degradation signs, including soil acidity, nutrient imbalance and deterioration of soil microbial community structure, while allowing to maintaining high yields of vegetables in solar greenhouse production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haofeng Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Waqas Qasim
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Li Wan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Yafang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lian
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yanni Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Guoyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei, 432000, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei, 432000, China.
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Chen J, Fan X, Zhang L, Chen X, Sun S, Sun RC. Research Progress in Lignin-Based Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4356-4366. [PMID: 32291938 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As a skeleton component of plants, lignin is an organic macromolecule polymer that can be regenerated and naturally degraded. Annually, plant growth produces about 150 billion tons of lignin. In industrial processes such as paper and biomass-refining industry, large amounts of lignin are formed as by-products. Most of technical lignins are directly combusted to obtain heat, which not only is a waste of organic matter but also leads to environmental pollution and other issues. Interestingly, lignin can be used as slow-release carriers and coating materials for fertilizers due to its excellent slow release properties as well as chelating and other functionalities. Preparation of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers can be achieved by sustainable chemical (ammoxidation, Mannich reaction, and other chemical modifications), coating (without or with chemical modification), and chelation modifications. This Review systematically summarizes the methods, mechanisms, and application of the above methods for preparing lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers. Although the evaluation standards and methods of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers are not perfect, it is believed that more and more scholars will pay more attention to them to accelerate the development and application of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers, so as to improve their relevant standards. In short, there is an urgent need to improve the preparation process of lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers and application as lignin-based slow/controlled release fertilizers to production practice as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Center for Lignocellulose Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
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21
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Lu X. A meta-analysis of the effects of crop residue return on crop yields and water use efficiency. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231740. [PMID: 32339184 PMCID: PMC7185903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After harvesting agricultural crops, the residue can be returned to the soil as mulch. This study performed a meta-analysis of previous research to investigate the effects of crop residue return and other factors on crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE). Overall, the results show that crop residue return increases crop yields by 5.0% relative to crops grown without it. The greatest increases in yield for crops grown with returned residue were associated with average annual temperatures < 10 °C (yield increase = 7.6%), rainfall ≥ 800 mm (9.5%), plowing depth ≥ 20 cm (6.5%), corn crops (8.0%), growth of a single crop per year (10.1%), no irrigation (11.9%), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) fertilization (20.0%), and low nitrogen application rates of 0–100 kg N ha-1 (10.8%). The effects of crop residue return on crop yields were found to vary according to the following soil properties: organic matter content ≥ 15 g kg-1 (yield increase = 9.4%), available nitrogen content ≥ 100 mg kg-1 (10.3%), and pH ≤ 6.5 (11.2%). The greatest magnitudes of increase in WUE associated with crop residue return were associated with corn (yield increase = 13.7%), medium nitrogen content (100–150 kg ha-1; 23.3%), high soil organic matter (≥ 15 g kg-1; 25.5%) and low air temperatures (< 10 °C; 19.9%). In addition, our results suggest that crop residue return might be most effective in increasing crop yields and WUE in corn crops, crops with a tillage depth ≥ 20 cm, crops grown with moderate nitrogen fertilization (0–150 kg ha-1), growth of a single crop per year, high soil organic matter content (≥ 15 g kg-1), and cold conditions (< 10 °C). Overall, the results of this meta-analysis suggest that crop residue return can increase crop yields and WUE, with the relationship being mainly affected by climatic conditions, plowing depth, fertilization management, crop types, and soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Lu
- College of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Obermeier MM, Gnädinger F, Durai Raj AC, Obermeier WA, Schmid CAO, Balàzs H, Schröder P. Under temperate climate, the conversion of grassland to arable land affects soil nutrient stocks and bacteria in a short term. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135494. [PMID: 31761356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Projected population growth and climate change will make it inevitable to convert neglected and marginal land into productive arable land. We investigate the influence of agricultural management practices on nutrient stocks and soil functions during the conversion of former extensively used grassland to arable land. Effects of grassland removal, tillage, intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba) and its later incorporation were studied with respect to soil properties and bacterial community structure. Therefore, composite samples were collected with a core sampler from the topsoil (0-20 cm) in (a) the initial grassland, (b) the transitional phase during the vegetation period of V. faba, (c) after ploughing the legume in, and (d) untreated controls. In all samples, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total nitrogen bound (TNb) were analyzed and comparisons of the bacterial community structure after 16S-amplicon sequencing were performed to assess soil functions. Mineralization after grassland conversion followed by the biological nitrogen fixation of broad beans enhanced the nitrate-N content in bulk soil from 4 to almost 50 μg N g-1dw. Bacterial community structure on phylum level in bulk soil was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes and remained almost stable. However, alpha and beta-diversity analysis revealed a change of the bacterial composition at the final state of the conversion. This change was primarily driven by increasing abundances of the genera Massilia and Lysobacter, both members of the Proteobacteria, after the decay of the leguminous plant residues. Furthermore, increasing abundances of the family Gaiellaceae and its genus Gaiella fostered this change and were related to the decreasing carbon to nitrogen ratio. In short, gentle management strategies could replace the input of mineral fertilizer with the aim to contribute to future sustainable and intensified production even on converted grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Obermeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Gnädinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abilash C Durai Raj
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Obermeier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Research and Teaching Unit for Physical Geography and Land Use Systems, Luisenstraße 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Christoph A O Schmid
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helga Balàzs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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23
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Schröder P, Sauvêtre A, Gnädinger F, Pesaresi P, Chmeliková L, Doğan N, Gerl G, Gökçe A, Hamel C, Millan R, Persson T, Ravnskov S, Rutkowska B, Schmid T, Szulc W, Teodosiu C, Terzi V. Discussion paper: Sustainable increase of crop production through improved technical strategies, breeding and adapted management - A European perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:146-161. [PMID: 31075581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the next decade it will be necessary to develop novel combinations of management strategies to sustainably increase crop production and soil resilience. Improving agricultural productivity, while conserving and enhancing biotic and abiotic resources, is an essential requirement to increase global food production on a sustainable basis. The role of farmers in increasing agricultural productivity growth sustainably will be crucial. Farmers are at the center of any process of change involving natural resources and for this reason they need to be encouraged and guided, through appropriate incentives and governance practices, to conserve natural ecosystems and their biodiversity, and minimize the negative impact agriculture can have on the environment. Farmers and stakeholders need to revise traditional approaches not as productive as the modern approaches but more friendly with natural and environmental ecosystems values as well as emerging novel tools and approaches addressing precise farming, organic amendments, lowered water consumption, integrated pest control and beneficial plant-microbe interactions. While practical solutions are developing, science based recommendations for crop rotations, breeding and harvest/postharvest strategies leading to environmentally sound and pollinator friendly production and better life in rural areas have to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schröder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Andrés Sauvêtre
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Gnädinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Via Celoria, 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucie Chmeliková
- Technical University of Munich, Chair Organic Agriculture and Agronomy, Liesel Beckmann Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Nedim Doğan
- Adnan Menderes University, Department of Plant Protection, Bitki Koruma Bolumu, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Georg Gerl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ayhan Gökçe
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Chantal Hamel
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food, 2560 Blvd. Hochelaga, Québec, QC G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Rocio Millan
- CIEMAT, Environment Department/Soil Conservation and Recuperation Unit, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Persson
- NIBIO-Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Særheim, Postvegen 213, N-4353 Klepp Stasjon, Norway
| | - Sabine Ravnskov
- Dept. of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Noworsynowska 166 St., P-02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Schmid
- CIEMAT, Environment Department/Soil Conservation and Recuperation Unit, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Noworsynowska 166 St., P-02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmen Teodosiu
- Dept. Environmental Engineering & Management, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof.Dr. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Genomics Research Centre, Via S. Protaso, 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
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