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Huang P, Xu T, Wang G, Zhang L, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhang C. Morphological and metabolic changes in Changshan Huyou (Citrus changshan-huyou) following natural tetraploidization. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:301. [PMID: 40055582 PMCID: PMC11889857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/12/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploids in citrus are generally used to improve crop varieties. Changshan Huyou (Citrus changshan-huyou) is a native citrus species in China that is highly adaptable and has pharmaceutical value. However, the influence in Changshan Huyou following polyploidization remains unclear. Here we evaluated the adult tetraploid scions of Changshan Huyou with contemporary diploid scions as the control in the phenotypic variations, metabolic alterations of fruits and associated transcriptomic changes. RESULT The tetraploid scions had rounder and thicker leaves, larger floral organs and fruits, and satisfactory viability of pollen grains and ovules. The tetraploid fruits accumulated lower levels of soluble solids but similar levels of organic acids. Metabolic profiling of three tissues of fruits revealed that most of 2064 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including flavonoids, lignans, and coumarins, were downregulated. In contrast, the upregulated DAMs mainly included alkaloids (clausine K and 2-(1-pentenyl)quinoline), amino acids (L-asparagine and L-ornithine), and terpenoids (deacetylnomilin and evodol) in tetraploid peels, as well as, flavonoids (neohesperidin and quercetin-5-O-β-D-glucoside) and organic acids (2-methylsuccinic acid and dimethylmalonic acid) in juice sacs. The upregulated genes were associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of various alkaloid pathways. Pearson Correlation Analysis showed that the upregulated genes encoding PEROXIDASE and CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP450) were closely related to the higher accumulation of amino acids and alkaloids in tetraploid peels, and up-regulated neohesperidin and quercetin glucoside were positively associated with FERULATE-5-HYDROXYLASE (F5H), CYP450 81Q32, FLAVONOID 3'-MONOOXYGENASE (F3'H), 4-COUMARATE-CoA LIGASE 1 (4CL1), and UDP-GLUCOSE FLAVONOID 3-O-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE (UFOG), as well as, some transcription factors in tetraploid juice sacs. CONCLUSION The tetraploid Changshan Huyou investigated here may be used in triploids breeding to produce seedless citrus, and for fruit processing on pharmaceutical purpose due to the alteration of metabolites following polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Changshan County, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yao
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Nikolic D, Bosco L, Moschetti M, Tinnirello V, Pucci M, Corleone V, Raimondo S, Alessandro R, Fontana S. Anti-inflammatory properties of an aldehydes-enriched fraction of grapefruit essential oil. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1172-1187. [PMID: 36651875 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of numerous diseases and is accompanied by increased cytokine secretion. Macrophages provide a first line of defense against pathogens that under inflammatory stimuli release pro-inflammatory cytokines. The essential oil (EO) fractions obtained from Citrus spp. rich in different compounds have gained the attention of both researchers and users during the last decades. In particular, grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel is rich in phenolics and flavonoids with several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory actions. Additionally, its EO consists of a large number of compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and oxides. Among the methods for encapsulating EOs, spray-drying is the main one. In the present study, we aimed to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of EO from C. paradisi (grapefruit essential oil [GEO]) (whole and fractions) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Results indicate that Fr-GEO and Fr-GEO_SD exert protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing gene expression and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-6 and TNF-α. Monoterpenes as the most common components, as well as aldehydes and sesquiterpenes, might be responsible for such effects, although a synergistic action is not excluded. Furthermore, a higher percent of aldehydes is linked to improved olfactory properties. Our findings support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of this study support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Liana Bosco
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Agrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Recovery of Naringin-Rich Flavonoid Extracts from Agroresidues with Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238507. [PMID: 36500599 PMCID: PMC9740236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus paradisi species belong to the Rutaceae family, and it is commonly known as grapefruit. Grapefruit consumption involves a large amount of waste that goes to landfills and produces significant pollution affecting the human health. To examine this phenomenon, we designed an efficient chemical method that recovers naringin-rich flavonoid extracts from the fresh waste of grapefruits, by using the solvent impregnation resin method (SIR) with XAD-4 amberlite and either methanol or water as elution systems. Additionally, we focused on evaluating these extracts' anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in behavioral predictive paradigms in mice. According to direct Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by NMR, and Direct Injection Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (DIESI-MS), methanol extracts obtained after resin treatment were free of coumarin compounds and evinced had a high content of naringin. Poncirin, phenylalanine, chrysin 5,7-dimethyl ether, 5,7-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyflavanone, 2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetramethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, tetrahydrocurcumin, corchoionoside C, 6'-coumaroyl-1'-O-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside were also detected. Naringin-rich methanol extract caused a clear anxiolytic-like effect in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and the Hole-Board (HBT) Tests, increasing oral doses of this extract did not produce a sedative effect. A single oral dose caused an antidepressant-like effect in the Tail Suspension Test (TST), while repeated administrations of the methanol extract elicited a robust antidepressant effect in the Forced Swimming Test (FST) in mice. Our evidence highlights the importance of bioprospecting studies of organic waste with therapeutic potentials, such as anxiety and depression disorders.
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Lora J, Garcia-Lor A, Aleza P. Pollen Development and Viability in Diploid and Doubled Diploid Citrus Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862813. [PMID: 35557738 PMCID: PMC9090487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seedlessness is one of the most important agronomic traits in mandarins on the fresh fruit market. Creation of triploid plants is an important breeding strategy for development of new commercial varieties of seedless citrus. To this end, one strategy is to perform sexual hybridizations, with tetraploid genotypes as male parents. However, while seed development has been widely studied in citrus, knowledge of key steps such as microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, is scarce, especially in polyploids. Therefore, we performed a study on the effect of ploidy level on pollen development by including diploid and tetraploid (double diploid) genotypes with different degrees of pollen performance. A comprehensive study on the pollen ontogeny of diploid and doubled diploid "Sanguinelli" blood orange and "Clemenules" clementine was performed, with focus on pollen grain germination in vitro and in planta, morphology of mature pollen grains by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cytochemical characterization of carbohydrates by periodic acid-Shiff staining, and specific cell wall components revealed by immunolocalization. During microsporogenesis, the main difference between diploid and doubled diploid genotypes was cell area, which was larger in doubled diploid genotypes. However, after increase in size and vacuolization of microspores, but before mitosis I, doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine showed drastic differences in shape, cell area, and starch hydrolysis, which resulted in shrinkage of pollen grains. The loss of fertility in doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine is mainly due to lack of carbohydrate accumulation in pollen during microgametogenesis, especially starch content, which led to pollen grain abortion. All these changes make the pollen of this genotype unviable and very difficult to use as a male parent in sexual hybridization with the objective of recovering large progenies of triploid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM la Mayora-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Lor
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
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