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Jampoh EA, Sáfrán E, Babinyec-Czifra D, Kristóf Z, Krárné Péntek B, Fábián A, Barnabás B, Jäger K. Morpho-Anatomical, Physiological and Biochemical Adjustments in Response to Heat and Drought Co-Stress in Winter Barley. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3907. [PMID: 38005804 PMCID: PMC10674999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of high temperatures 10 °C above the optimum and water withholding during microgametogenesis on vegetative processes and determine the response of winter barley genotypes with contrasting tolerance. For this purpose, two barley varieties were analyzed to compare the effect of heat and drought co-stress on their phenology, morpho-anatomy, physiological and biochemical responses and yield constituents. Genotypic variation was observed in response to heat and drought co-stress, which was attributed to differences in anatomy, ultrastructure and physiological and metabolic processes. The co-stress-induced reduction in relative water content, total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency of the sensitive Spinner variety was significantly greater than the tolerant Lambada genotype. Based on these observations, it has been concluded that the heat-and-drought stress-tolerance of the Lambada variety is related to the lower initial chlorophyll content of the leaves, the relative resistance of photosynthetic pigments towards stress-triggered degradation, retained photosynthetic parameters and better-preserved leaf ultrastructure. Understanding the key factors underlying heat and drought co-stress tolerance in barley may enable breeders to create barley varieties with improved yield stability under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Asante Jampoh
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, MATE Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sáfrán
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Dorina Babinyec-Czifra
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kristóf
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Krárné Péntek
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Attila Fábián
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Katalin Jäger
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
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Micol-Ponce R, García-Alcázar M, Lebrón R, Capel C, Pineda B, García-Sogo B, Alché JDD, Ortiz-Atienza A, Bretones S, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Moreno V, Capel J, Lozano R. Tomato POLLEN DEFICIENT 2 encodes a G-type lectin receptor kinase required for viable pollen grain formation. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:178-193. [PMID: 36260406 PMCID: PMC9786849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a crucial biological process indispensable for seed set in flowering plants and for successful crop breeding. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating pollen development in crop species. This study reports a novel male-sterile tomato mutant, pollen deficient 2 (pod2), characterized by the production of non-viable pollen grains and resulting in the development of small parthenocarpic fruits. A combined strategy of mapping-by-sequencing and RNA interference-mediated gene silencing was used to prove that the pod2 phenotype is caused by the loss of Solanum lycopersicum G-type lectin receptor kinase II.9 (SlG-LecRK-II.9) activity. In situ hybridization of floral buds showed that POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 is specifically expressed in tapetal cells and microspores at the late tetrad stage. Accordingly, abnormalities in meiosis and tapetum programmed cell death in pod2 occurred during microsporogenesis, resulting in the formation of four dysfunctional microspores leading to an aberrant microgametogenesis process. RNA-seq analyses supported the existence of alterations at the final stage of microsporogenesis, since we found tomato deregulated genes whose counterparts in Arabidopsis are essential for the normal progression of male meiosis and cytokinesis. Collectively, our results revealed the essential role of POD2/SlG-LecRK-II.9 in regulating tomato pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Lebrón
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Benito Pineda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña García-Sogo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Sandra Bretones
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Juan Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Kaur D, Moreira D, Coimbra S, Showalter AM. Hydroxyproline- O-Galactosyltransferases Synthesizing Type II Arabinogalactans Are Essential for Male Gametophytic Development in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:935413. [PMID: 35774810 PMCID: PMC9237623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive function is determined by successful development and performance of stamens, pollen grains, and pollen tubes. Despite the crucial role of highly glycosylated arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) in male gamete formation, pollen grain, and pollen tube cell walls, the underlying mechanisms defining these functions of AGPs have remained elusive. Eight partially redundant Hyp-galactosyltransferases (named GALT2-GALT9) genes/enzymes are known to initiate Hyp-O-galactosylation for Hyp-arabinogalactan (AG) production in Arabidopsis thaliana. To assess the contributions of these Hyp-AGs to male reproductive function, we used a galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9 quintuple Hyp-GALT mutant for this study. Both anther size and pollen viability were compromised in the quintuple mutants. Defects in male gametogenesis were observed in later stages of maturing microspores after meiosis, accompanied by membrane blebbing and numerous lytic vacuoles. Cytological and ultramicroscopic observations revealed that pollen exine reticulate architecture and intine layer development were affected such that non-viable collapsed mature pollen grains were produced, which were devoid of cell content and nuclei, with virtually no intine. AGP immunolabeling demonstrated alterations in cell wall architecture of the anther, pollen grains, and pollen tube. Specifically, the LM2 monoclonal antibody (which recognized β-GlcA epitopes on AGPs) showed a weak signal for the endothecium, microspores, and pollen tube apex. Pollen tube tips also displayed excessive callose deposition. Interestingly, expression patterns of pollen-specific AGPs, namely AGP6, AGP11, AGP23, and AGP40, were determined to be higher in the quintuple mutants. Taken together, our data illustrate the importance of type-II AGs in male reproductive function for successful fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Diana Moreira
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Departamento de Biología, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Allan M. Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Lora J, Garcia-Lor A, Aleza P. Pollen Development and Viability in Diploid and Doubled Diploid Citrus Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:862813. [PMID: 35557738 PMCID: PMC9090487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seedlessness is one of the most important agronomic traits in mandarins on the fresh fruit market. Creation of triploid plants is an important breeding strategy for development of new commercial varieties of seedless citrus. To this end, one strategy is to perform sexual hybridizations, with tetraploid genotypes as male parents. However, while seed development has been widely studied in citrus, knowledge of key steps such as microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, is scarce, especially in polyploids. Therefore, we performed a study on the effect of ploidy level on pollen development by including diploid and tetraploid (double diploid) genotypes with different degrees of pollen performance. A comprehensive study on the pollen ontogeny of diploid and doubled diploid "Sanguinelli" blood orange and "Clemenules" clementine was performed, with focus on pollen grain germination in vitro and in planta, morphology of mature pollen grains by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cytochemical characterization of carbohydrates by periodic acid-Shiff staining, and specific cell wall components revealed by immunolocalization. During microsporogenesis, the main difference between diploid and doubled diploid genotypes was cell area, which was larger in doubled diploid genotypes. However, after increase in size and vacuolization of microspores, but before mitosis I, doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine showed drastic differences in shape, cell area, and starch hydrolysis, which resulted in shrinkage of pollen grains. The loss of fertility in doubled diploid "Clemenules" clementine is mainly due to lack of carbohydrate accumulation in pollen during microgametogenesis, especially starch content, which led to pollen grain abortion. All these changes make the pollen of this genotype unviable and very difficult to use as a male parent in sexual hybridization with the objective of recovering large progenies of triploid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruit Crops, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM la Mayora-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Lor
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
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Galán-Ávila A, García-Fortea E, Prohens J, Herraiz FJ. Microgametophyte Development in Cannabis sativa L. and First Androgenesis Induction Through Microspore Embryogenesis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:669424. [PMID: 34113367 PMCID: PMC8186446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.669424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of double haploids is an elusive current breeding objective in Cannabis sativa L. We have studied the whole process of anther and pollen grain formation during meiosis, microsporogenesis, and microgametogenesis and correlated the different microgametophyte developmental stages with bud length in plants from varieties USO31 and Finola. We also studied microspore and pollen amyloplast content and studied the effect of a cold pretreatment to excised buds prior to microspore in vitro culture. Up to 476,903 microspores and pollen grains per male flower, with in vivo microspore viability rates from 53.71 to 70.88% were found. A high uniformity in the developmental stage of microspores and pollen grains contained in anthers was observed, and this allowed the identification of bud length intervals containing mostly vacuolate microspores and young bi-cellular pollen grains. The starch presence in C. sativa microspores and pollen grains follows a similar pattern to that observed in species recalcitrant to androgenesis. Although at a low frequency, cold-shock pretreatment applied on buds can deviate the naturally occurring gametophytic pathway toward an embryogenic development. This represents the first report concerning androgenesis induction in C. sativa, which lays the foundations for double haploid research in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galán-Ávila
- Ploidy and Genomics S.L., Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras de Valencia, Parc Tecnològic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Edgar García-Fortea
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Herraiz
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Malik A, Gul A, Amir R, Munir F, Babar MM, Bakhtiar SM, Hayat MQ, Paracha RZ, Khalid Z, Alipour H. Classification and Computational Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Sperm Cell-Specific F-Box Protein Gene 3p.AtFBP113. Front Genet 2020; 11:609668. [PMID: 33381153 PMCID: PMC7767997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.609668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, F-box proteins (FBPs) constitute one of the largest superfamilies of regulatory proteins. Most F-box proteins are shown to be an integral part of SCF complexes, which carry out the degradation of proteins and regulate diverse important biological processes. Anthers and pollen development have a huge importance in crop breeding. Despite the vast diversity of FBPs in Arabidopsis male reproductive organs, their role in anther and pollen development is not much explored. Moreover, a standard nomenclature for naming FBPs is also lacking. Here, we propose a standard nomenclature for naming the FBPs of Arabidopsis thaliana uniformly and carry out a systematic analysis of sperm cell-specific FBP gene, i.e., 3p.AtFBP113 due to its reported high and preferential expression, for detailed functional annotation. The results revealed that 3p.AtFBP113 is located on the small arm of chromosome and encodes 397 amino acid long soluble, stable, and hydrophilic protein with the possibility of localization in various cellular compartments. The presence of the C-terminal F-box associated domain (FBA) with immunoglobulin-like fold anticipated its role in protein binding. Gene ontology based functional annotation and tissue-specific gene co-expression analysis further strengthened its role in protein binding and ubiquitination. Moreover, various potential post/co-translational modifications were anticipated and the predicted tertiary structure also showed the presence of characteristic domains and fold. Thus, the outcomes of the study will be useful in developing a better understating of the function of 3p.AtFBP113 during the process of pollen development, which will be helpful for targeting the gene for manipulation of male fertility that has immense importance in hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Malik
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Hayat
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Khalid
- Computational Biology Research Lab, Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences-FAST, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Hale B, Phipps C, Rao N, Wijeratne A, Phillips GC. Differential Expression Profiling Reveals Stress-Induced Cell Fate Divergence in Soybean Microspores. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1510. [PMID: 33171842 PMCID: PMC7695151 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced microspore embryogenesis is a widely employed method to achieve homozygosity in plant breeding programs. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern gametophyte de- and redifferentiation are understood poorly. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to evaluate global changes across the microspore transcriptome of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) as a consequence of pretreatment low-temperature stress. Expression analysis revealed more than 20,000 differentially expressed genes between treated and control microspore populations. Functional enrichment illustrated that many of these genes (e.g., those encoding heat shock proteins and cytochrome P450s) were upregulated to maintain cellular homeostasis through the mitigation of oxidative damage. Moreover, transcripts corresponding to saccharide metabolism, vacuolar transport, and other pollen-related developmental processes were drastically downregulated among treated microspores. Temperature stress also triggered cell wall modification and cell proliferation-characteristics that implied putative commitment to an embryonic pathway. These findings collectively demonstrate that pretreatment cold stress induces soybean microspore reprogramming through suppression of the gametophytic program while concomitantly driving sporophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hale
- College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-1080, USA;
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-0639, USA; (C.P.); (N.R.); (G.C.P.)
| | - Callie Phipps
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-0639, USA; (C.P.); (N.R.); (G.C.P.)
| | - Naina Rao
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-0639, USA; (C.P.); (N.R.); (G.C.P.)
| | - Asela Wijeratne
- College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-1080, USA;
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-0639, USA; (C.P.); (N.R.); (G.C.P.)
| | - Gregory C. Phillips
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-0639, USA; (C.P.); (N.R.); (G.C.P.)
- College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72467-1080, USA
- Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Jonesboro, AR 72467-2340, USA
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Kiran A, Kumar S, Nayyar H, Sharma KD. Low temperature-induced aberrations in male and female reproductive organ development cause flower abortion in chickpea. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:2075-2089. [PMID: 30767244 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is susceptible to low temperature (LT) at reproductive stage. LT causes flower abortion and delays pod set in chickpea until terminal drought becomes an issue, thereby decreasing yield potential. In chickpea, flower and anther/pollen development as well as LT-induced abnormalities on anther and pollen development are described inadequately. In the present manuscript, we report flower development stages, anther development stages, and aberrations in male gamete formation in chickpea under LT. Flower length was linearly correlated to flower and anther stages and can be used to predict these stages in chickpea. LT affected male gamete development in a flower/anther age-dependent manner where outcome ranged from no pollen formation to pollen sterility or no anther dehiscence to delayed dehiscence. In anthers, LT inhibited microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, tapetum degeneration, breakage of septum and stomium, and induced pollen sterility. Whereas disruption of male function was the prime cause of abortion in flowers below vacuolated pollen stage, flower abortion was due to a combination of male and female reproductive functions in flowers with mature pollen. The study will help in elucidating mechanisms governing flower development, anther and pollen development, and tolerance/susceptibility to LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kiran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062 (HP), India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062 (HP), India
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Chen L, Yang D, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang Y, Ye L, Pan C, He Y, Huang L, Ruan YL, Lu G. Evidence for a specific and critical role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 20 in uni-to-binucleate transition of microgametogenesis in tomato. New Phytol 2018; 219:176-194. [PMID: 29668051 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse aspects of plant growth. However, their potential role in reproductive development remains elusive. Here, we discovered an unique role of SlMPK20, a plant-specific group D MAPK, in pollen development in tomato. RNAi-mediated suppression of SlMPK20 or its knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced or completely abolished pollen viability, respectively, with no effects on maternal fertility. Cell biology and gene expression analyses established that SlMPK20 exerts its role specifically at the uni-to-binucleate transition during microgametogenesis. This assertion is based on the findings that the transgenic pollen was largely arrested at the binucleate stage with the appearance of subcellular abnormality at the middle uninucleate microspore stage; and SlMPK20 mRNA and SlMPK20-GUS signals were localized in the tetrads, uninuclear microspores and binuclear pollen grains but not in microspore mother cells or mature pollen grains. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that knockout of SlMPK20 significantly reduced the expression of a large number of genes controlling sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling in anthers. Finally, protein-protein interaction assays identified SlMYB32 as a putative target protein of SlMPK20. We conclude that SlMPK20 specifically regulates post-meiotic pollen development through modulating sugar and auxin metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Rivas-Sendra A, Calabuig-Serna A, Seguí-Simarro JM. Dynamics of Calcium during In vitro Microspore Embryogenesis and In vivo Microspore Development in Brassica napus and Solanum melongena. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1177. [PMID: 28736567 PMCID: PMC5500647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is widely known to have a role as a signaling molecule in many different processes, including stress response and activation of the embryogenic program. However, there are no direct clues about calcium levels during microspore embryogenesis, an experimental process that combines a developmental switch toward embryogenesis and the simultaneous application of different stressing factors. In this work, we used FluoForte, a calcium-specific fluorescent vital dye, to track by confocal microscopy the changes in levels and subcellular distribution of calcium in living rapeseed (B. napus) and eggplant (S. melongena) microspores and pollen grains during in vivo development, as well as during the first stages of in vitro-induced microspore embryogenesis in rapeseed. During in vivo development, a clear peak of cytosolic Ca2+ was observed in rapeseed vacuolate microspores and young pollen grains, the stages more suitable for embryogenesis induction. However, the Ca2+ levels observed in eggplant were dramatically lower than in rapeseed. Just after in vitro induction, Ca2+ levels increased specifically in rapeseed embryogenic microspores at levels dramatically higher than during in vivo development. The increase was observed in the cytosol, but predominantly in vacuoles. Non-embryogenic forms such as callus-like and pollen-like structures presented remarkably different calcium patterns. After the heat shock-based inductive treatment, Ca2+ levels progressively decreased in all cases. Together, our results reveal unique calcium dynamics in in vivo rapeseed microspores, as well as in those reprogrammed to in vitro embryogenesis, establishing a link between changes in Ca2+ level and subcellular distribution, and microspore embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose M. Seguí-Simarro
- Cell Biology Group, Institute for Conservation and Breeding of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
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D'Ippólito S, Arias LA, Casalongué CA, Pagnussat GC, Fiol DF. The DC1-domain protein VACUOLELESS GAMETOPHYTES is essential for development of female and male gametophytes in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2017; 90:261-275. [PMID: 28107777 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we identified VACUOLELESS GAMETOPHYTES (VLG) as a DC1 domain-containing protein present in the endomembrane system and essential for development of both female and male gametophytes. VLG was originally annotated as a gene coding for a protein of unknown function containing DC1 domains. DC1 domains are cysteine- and histidine-rich zinc finger domains found exclusively in the plant kingdom that have been named on the basis of similarity with the C1 domain present in protein kinase C (PKC). In Arabidopsis, both male and female gametophytes are characterized by the formation of a large vacuole early in development; this is absent in vlg mutant plants. As a consequence, development is arrested in embryo sacs and pollen grains at the first mitotic division. VLG is specifically located in multivesicular bodies or pre-vacuolar compartments, and our results suggest that vesicular fusion is affected in the mutants, disrupting vacuole formation. Supporting this idea, AtPVA12 - a member of the SNARE vesicle-associated protein family and previously related to a sterol-binding protein, was identified as a VLG interactor. A role for VLG is proposed mediating vesicular fusion in plants as part of the sterol trafficking machinery required for vacuole biogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián D'Ippólito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, IIB-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 Cuarto Nivel, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Agustín Arias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, IIB-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 Cuarto Nivel, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Anahí Casalongué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, IIB-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 Cuarto Nivel, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Carolina Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, IIB-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 Cuarto Nivel, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernando Fiol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, IIB-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 Cuarto Nivel, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Li Q, Deng Z, Gong C, Wang T. The Rice Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit f (OseIF3f) Is Involved in Microgametogenesis. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:532. [PMID: 27200010 PMCID: PMC4844609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microgametogenesis is the post-meiotic pollen developmental phase when unicellular microspores develop into mature tricellular pollen. In rice, microgametogenesis can influence grain yields to a great degree because pollen abortion occurs more easily during microgametogenesis than during other stages of pollen development. However, our knowledge of the genes involved in microgametogenesis in rice remains limited. Due to the dependence of pollen development on the regulatory mechanisms of protein expression, we identified the encoding gene of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit f in Oryza sativa (OseIF3f). Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry confirmed that OseIF3f was a subunit of rice eIF3, which consisted of at least 12 subunits including eIF3a, eIF3b, eIF3c, eIF3d, eIF3e, eIF3f, eIF3g, eIF3h, eIF3i, eIF3k, eIF3l, and eIF3m. OseIF3f showed high mRNA levels in immature florets and is highly abundant in developing anthers. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OseIF3f was localized to the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum in rice root cells. We further analyzed the biological function of OseIF3f using the double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) approach. The OseIF3f-RNAi lines grew normally at the vegetative stage but displayed a large reduction in seed production and pollen viability, which is associated with the down-regulation of OseIF3f. Further cytological observations of pollen development revealed that the OseIF3f-RNAi lines showed no obvious abnormalities at the male meiotic stage and the unicellular microspore stage. However, compared to the wild-type, OseIF3f-RNAi lines contained a higher percentage of arrested unicellular pollen at the bicellular stage and a higher percentage of arrested unicellular and bicellular pollen, and aborted pollen at the tricellular stage. These results indicate that OseIF3f plays a role in microgametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhuyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chunyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tai Wang,
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Lafleur E, Kapfer C, Joly V, Liu Y, Tebbji F, Daigle C, Gray-Mitsumune M, Cappadocia M, Nantel A, Matton DP. The FRK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) from Solanum chacoense is involved in embryo sac and pollen development. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:1833-43. [PMID: 25576576 PMCID: PMC4378624 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The fertilization-related kinase 1 (ScFRK1), a nuclear-localized mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) from the wild potato species Solanum chacoense, belongs to a small group of pMEKKs that do not possess an extended N- or C-terminal regulatory domain. Initially selected based on its highly specific expression profile following fertilization, in situ expression analyses revealed that the ScFRK1 gene is also expressed early on during female gametophyte development in the integument and megaspore mother cell and, later, in the synergid and egg cells of the embryo sac. ScFRK1 mRNAs are also detected in pollen mother cells. Transgenic plants with lower or barely detectable levels of ScFRK1 mRNAs lead to the production of small fruits with severely reduced seed set, resulting from a concomitant decline in the number of normal embryo sacs produced. Megagametogenesis and microgametogenesis were affected, as megaspores did not progress beyond the functional megaspore (FG1) stage and the microspore collapsed around the first pollen mitosis. As for other mutants that affect embryo sac development, pollen tube guidance was severely affected in the ScFRK1 transgenic lines. Gametophyte to sporophyte communication was also affected, as observed from a marked change in the transcriptomic profiles of the sporophytic tissues of the ovule. The ScFRK1 MAPKKK is thus involved in a signalling cascade that regulates both male and female gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lafleur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Christelle Kapfer
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Valentin Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Faiza Tebbji
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Caroline Daigle
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Madoka Gray-Mitsumune
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mario Cappadocia
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - André Nantel
- Institut de recherche en biotechnologie, Conseil national de recherches du Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Daniel P Matton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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