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Gajjar P, Ismail A, Islam T, Darwish AG, Moniruzzaman M, Abuslima E, Dawood AS, El-Saady AM, Tsolova V, El-Kereamy A, Nick P, Sherif SM, Abazinge MD, El-Sharkawy I. Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3247. [PMID: 37765411 PMCID: PMC10535200 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Like other plant stresses, salinity is a central agricultural problem, mainly in arid or semi-arid regions. Therefore, salt-adapted plants have evolved several adaptation strategies to counteract salt-related events, such as photosynthesis inhibition, metabolic toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. European grapes are usually grafted onto salt-tolerant rootstocks as a cultivation practice to alleviate salinity-dependent damage. In the current study, two grape rootstocks, 140 Ruggeri (RUG) and Millardet et de Grasset 420A (MGT), were utilized to evaluate the diversity of their salinity adaptation strategies. The results showed that RUG is able to maintain higher levels of the photosynthetic pigments (Chl-T, Chl-a, and Chl-b) under salt stress, and hence accumulates higher levels of total soluble sugars (TSS), monosaccharides, and disaccharides compared with the MGT rootstock. Moreover, it was revealed that the RUG rootstock maintains and/or increases the enzymatic activities of catalase, GPX, and SOD under salinity, giving it a more efficient ROS detoxification machinery under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Tabibul Islam
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (T.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Ahmed G. Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Eman Abuslima
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed S. Dawood
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | | | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA; (T.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Michael D. Abazinge
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA; (P.G.); (A.I.); (A.G.D.); (M.M.); (V.T.)
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Sapkota S, Salem M, Jahed KR, Artlip TS, Sherif SM. From endodormancy to ecodormancy: the transcriptional landscape of apple floral buds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194244. [PMID: 37521930 PMCID: PMC10375413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study endeavors to explore the transcriptomic profiles of two apple cultivars, namely, 'Honeycrisp' and 'Cripps Pink,' which represent late and early-blooming cultivars, respectively. Using RNA-sequencing technology, we analyzed floral bud samples collected at five distinct time intervals during both endodormancy and ecodormancy. To evaluate the transcriptomic profiles of the 30 sequenced samples, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA). PC1 explained 43% of the variance, separating endodormancy and ecodormancy periods, while PC2 explained 16% of the variance, separating the two cultivars. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with endodormancy progression and remained elevated during ecodormancy. The majority of DEGs were unique to a particular time point, with only a few overlapping among or between the time points. This highlights the temporal specificity of gene expression during the dormancy transition and emphasizes the importance of sampling at multiple time points to capture the complete transcriptomic dynamics of this intricate process. We identified a total of 4204 upregulated and 7817 downregulated DEGs in the comparison of endodormancy and ecodormancy, regardless of cultivar, and 2135 upregulated and 2413 downregulated DEGs in the comparison of 'Honeycrisp' versus 'Cripps Pink,' regardless of dormancy stage. Furthermore, we conducted a co-expression network analysis to gain insight into the coordinated gene expression profiles across different time points, dormancy stages, and cultivars. This analysis revealed the most significant module (ME 14), correlated with 1000 GDH and consisting of 1162 genes. The expression of the genes within this module was lower in 'Honeycrisp' than in 'Cripps Pink.' The top 20 DEGs identified in ME 14 were primarily related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction, and transmembrane transport activity. This suggests a plausible role for these pathways in governing bud dormancy and flowering time in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Sapkota
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Khalil R. Jahed
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Timothy S. Artlip
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
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Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach ( Prunus Persica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126801. [PMID: 35743242 PMCID: PMC9224305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks.
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