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Lei LKS, Suen YN, Hui CLM, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Michael WTH, Chen EYH. Age-related differences in the impact of resilience on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6087. [PMID: 38613130 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in mental health in Hong Kong over two years and examined the role of resilience and age in mitigating the negative effects of public health emergencies, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Complete data of interest from two telephone surveys conducted in 2020 (n = 1182) and 2021 (n = 1108) were analysed. Participants self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4-item version (PHQ), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) using three items from the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief (PQB), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 2-item version (CD-RISC-2). RESULTS We observed an increase in the percentage of participants with high depressive and anxiety symptoms and PLEs from 1.6% to 6.5% between 2020 and 2021. The likelihood of having high depressive and anxiety symptoms or PLEs depended on resilience and age, with no significant between-year differences. Resilience and age interaction effects were significant when comparing the high PHQ-high PQB group to the low PHQ-low PQB group only in 2021 but not in 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Hong Kong, emphasising the age-dependent nature of resilience in mitigating negative effects. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which resilience promotes mental health and well-being and identify ways to enhance resilience among older individuals during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ka Shun Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wong Tak Hing Michael
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Neri L, Marziani B, Sebastiani P, Del Beato T, Colanardi A, Legge MP, Aureli A. Aggressiveness in Italian Children with ADHD: MAOA Gene Polymorphism Involvement. Diseases 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 38667528 PMCID: PMC11049508 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that children and adults can develop. A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors may underlie interindividual variability in ADHD and potentially related aggressive behavior. Using high-resolution molecular biology techniques, we investigated the impact of some MAOA and SLC6A4 variations on ADHD and aggressive behavior in a group of 80 Italian children with ADHD and in 80 healthy controls. We found that homozygous genotypes of MAOA rs6323 and rs1137070 were associated with an increased risk of ADHD (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), whereas the heterozygous genotypes (GT of rs6323 and CT of rs1137030) (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0006) were strongly linked to a lower risk of developing this disorder. In patients with aggressive behavior, we highlighted only a weak negative association of both MAOA polymorphisms (heterozygous genotypes) with aggressiveness, suggesting that these genotypes may be protective towards specific changes in behavior (p = 0.05). Interestingly, an increase in the GG genotype of rs6323 (p = 0.01) and a decrease in GT genotype (p = 0.0005) was also found in patients without aggressive behavior compared to controls. Regarding 5HTT gene genotyping, no allele and genotype differences have been detected among patients and controls. Our work shows that defining a genetic profile of ADHD may help in the early detection of patients who are more vulnerable to ADHD and/or antisocial and aggressive behavior and to design precision-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Neri
- Neurology and Psychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents, San Salvatore Hospital, via L. Natali, 1, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Beatrice Marziani
- Emergency Medicine Department, Sant’Anna University Hospital, Via A. Moro, 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Sebastiani
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Tiziana Del Beato
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Colanardi
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Pia Legge
- Neurology and Psychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents, San Salvatore Hospital, via L. Natali, 1, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Anna Aureli
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
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Mastrantonio R, Cofini V, Mastrangeli G, Pettinaro M, Mastrodomenico M, Fabiani L. Occupational risk perception of construction workers: a cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1338604. [PMID: 38344228 PMCID: PMC10853437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Construction workers are often exposed to significant injury risk. The aim of our study is to assess their occupational hazards and injury risk perception. Methods We administered 256 questionnaires to construction workers. The survey was aimed at collecting information regarding occupational risk and hazard exposure perception, risk control and behavioral self-assessment. We analyzed the data obtained in order to highlight any associations between injury risk perception and anamnestic, occupational, behavioral or perceptual factors. Results Participants were prevalently males (92.37%) aged 21-60 years (94%). They showed a job seniority level of 21.3 (11.51) on average and, ranging from a 1 to 10 score, a danger awareness of 6.8 (2.9), a lack of prevention measures 6.0 (3.3), an improper behavior of 7.3 (2.7), an unpredictable fate of 6.0 (2.9). These factors resulted significantly associated with the injury risk perception. Multivariable analysis highlighted that the injury risk perception was associated with the lack of prevention measure and unpredictable fate. On the other hand, we found a negative association with the workers' improper behaviors. Conclusion Workers' perception showed fairly uniform average values even when occupational risk was demonstrated. Our analysis suggests a positive correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due both to fate and to chance; it also shows a negative correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due to improper behavior. A lack of fully comparable studies confirms the need for further studies on the injury risk perception of construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giada Mastrangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Karska J, Rejek M, Misiak B. Resilience buffers the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk: a prospective study from a non-clinical sample. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38191366 PMCID: PMC10775531 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that psychotic-like experiences are associated with low levels of resilience and increased suicide risk. However, it remains unknown as to whether resilience mediates or moderates the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the moderating and mediating effect of resilience in the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk. METHODS A total of 1100 non-clinical, young adults (aged 18 - 35 years) with a negative history of psychiatric treatment were enrolled. Participants were recruited by the snowball sampling methodology through advertisements posted in the online platform. They were followed-up for about 7 months. Variables of interest were recorded using self-reports. Psychopathological assessment was conducted using the Prodromal Questionnaire-16, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Traumatic Experience Checklist, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Cannabis Problems Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The STROBE statement guidelines were followed. RESULTS The moderation analysis revealed that higher levels of psychotic-like experiences and related distress at baseline were associated with significantly higher suicide risk at the follow-up after adjustment for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms, a history of childhood trauma, and problematic cannabis use. The interaction between follow-up resilience and distress related to baseline psychotic-like experiences was significantly and negatively associated with suicide risk at the follow-up. Specifically, the correlation between the level of distress related to psychotic-like experiences and suicide risk was significant and positive only in participants with lower levels of resilience. This interaction did not reach statistical significance for the baseline level of psychotic-like experiences. No significant mediating effect of the follow-up resilience level in the association between baseline psychotic-like experiences and the follow-up suicide risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study indicate that resilience might protect against suicide risk in people with psychotic-like experiences. These findings could be applied in the formulation of early intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the risk of suicide. Future studies need to explore the effects of interventions targeting resilience for individuals with psychotic-like experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Rejek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
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Rossi R, Jannini TB, Ciocca G, Cipriani C, Socci V, Pacitti F, Di Lorenzo G. Attachment and resilience as mediators or moderators in the relationship between trauma and psychotic-like experiences. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:36-44. [PMID: 37473666 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of evidence has established a tight relation between traumatic experiences (TEs) and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Nevertheless, more comprehensive models involving multiple interactions of serial or parallel mediations and moderations still need to be elucidated. Among the many potential mediators or moderators, insecure attachment and resilience play a key role in the association of stress with PLEs. Hence, we aim to explore the complex pathways that lead from different types of TEs to PLEs, involving attachment and resilience modeled as mediators or moderators. METHODS One thousand ten high school students completed the International Trauma Exposure Measure (ITEM), the 11-item Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA-11), the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (iPQ-16), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). A path analysis was conducted to assess mediation and moderation. RESULTS The final model showed that the impact of childhood TEs on PLEs was mediated by a pathway through anxious-insecure attachment styles (i.e., fearful and preoccupied, respectively, 8.75 % and 8.53 % of the total effect) and personal resilience resources. Conversely, the avoidant-insecure attachment was associated with lower interpersonal resilience (b = 0.14 [0.08, 0.20]), which in turn moderated the impact of recent TEs on PLEs (interaction term b = 0.34 [0.21, 0.47]). CONCLUSIONS Our model examines a complex model that includes factors buffering the effect of traumatic experiences on PLEs. Our results highlight the importance of insecure-anxious attachment to personal resilience resources and of insecure-avoidant attachment to interpersonal resilience as potential targets for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso B Jannini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipriani
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Multiple natural disaster exposure effects on stress adjustment and resilience in clinical samples. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study is to review the recent literature on disasters' impact on the course of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSDs) and how people with PSD fare during a disaster, including the effects of COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS Several, but not all, studies examining disasters including earthquake-affected communities and refugee populations have found increased incidence of PSDs. Studies have been inconsistent regarding psychosis incidence in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, patients with PSD have been found to cope poorly in recent disasters including flooding and a nuclear accident. Patients with schizophrenia appear to be at particular risk during COVID-19 due to such issues as poor awareness of health precautions and the psychiatric impact of lockdown. However, novel methods including telepsychiatry have allowed care of this population to remain consistent during COVID-19. SUMMARY There is conflicting evidence as to the association between disasters and onset of PSD, and further study is needed to elucidate this link. Patients with PSDs are more likely to fare worse during disasters. Novel approaches to delivery of care have helped offset the psychiatric risks to PSD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These approaches may be applicable to other disaster scenarios or to general outpatient care.
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Fontanesi L, Marchetti D, Limoncin E, Rossi R, Nimbi FM, Mollaioli D, Sansone A, Colonnello E, Simonelli C, Di Lorenzo G, Jannini EA, Ciocca G. Hypersexuality and Trauma: a mediation and moderation model from psychopathology to problematic sexual behavior. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:631-637. [PMID: 33229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION . Hypersexuality is a clinical condition regarding the psychopathology of sexual behavior. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of trauma, through the post-traumatic stress-disorder (PTSD), depression, shame and guilt on the hypersexual behavior. METHODS . Through an online platform, a convenience sample of 1025 subjects was recruited (females: n=731; 71.3%; males: 294; 28.7%; age: 29.62±10.90). Recruited subjects compiled a psychometric protocol composed by the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) to assess hypersexuality, the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) for PTSD, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate depression and the State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS) for shame and guilt. Then a mediation/moderation model was performed for the data analysis. RESULTS . There was a statistically significant direct effect of post-traumatic symptoms (ITQTotal) on hypersexual behavior (HBTotal). Furthermore, indirect effects were also statistically significant, providing support to the hypothesis that depression and guilt would be serial mediators of trauma-hypersexual behavior relations. The paths through depression and guilt have been found to be the most significant with moderate and high indirect effects on hypersexuality. Moreover, male gender, as covariate variable, is a relevant risk factor for hypersexual behavior. CONCLUSION . We found the relationship between hypersexuality and trauma describing a possible etiological pathway mainly involving depression, shame and guilt. Hypersexuality can be considered as a reactive form of a major affective psychopathology representing a tip of the iceberg hiding the real issues of a suffering personality. Clinicians and researchers should therefore consider hypersexual behavior in the light of a symptomatic manifestation of a major psychopathology involving the affective aspects of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erika Limoncin
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Chair of Psychiatry Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo M Nimbi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mollaioli
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Colonnello
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Simonelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Chair of Psychiatry Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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