A study on the correlation between family dynamic factors and depression in adolescents

Longitudinal associations between family conflict, intergenerational transmission, and adolescents' depressive symptoms: evidence from China Family Panel studies (2016-2020)

BACKGROUND

Adolescent depression is increasing globally, and family conflict may contribute to its transmission across generations. However, longitudinal evidence on these dynamics remains sparse. This study examines the longitudinal associations between family conflict and adolescents' and parents' depressive symptoms from three waves of data.

METHODS

Data from the 2016-2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were analyzed, including 1,772 adolescents (Mean age = 12.4, SD = 1.68 in 2016) and their parents. Family conflict was measured using three questions from adolescents, while depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Multiplelinear regression, latent growth models (LGM), and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) were employed to examine longitudinal associations between family conflict and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

The results revealed that family conflict correlated with adolescents' depressive symptoms (r = 0.580,p < 0.001). Adolescents' depressive symptoms also exacerbated family conflict (β1 = 0.030, p < 0.05; β2 = 0.032, p < 0.01) across three waves, while family conflict had a limited contribution to parents' depressive symptoms. Mothers' depressive symptoms influenced adolescents' depressive symptoms significantly (β = 0.043,p < 0.05), while adolescents' depressive symptoms were transmitted to fathers' depressive symptoms (β = 0.080,p < 0.01) between Wave 2 and Wave 3. Moreover, the mother's education level negatively predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms (β = -0.296,p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Family conflict plays a critical role in adolescents' depressive symptoms and its intergenerational transmission. The findings underscore the pivotal role of family dynamics in mental health, especially in the development of adolescents' depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing family conflict may help mitigate depressive symptoms across generations.

Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep disturbance among medical students under the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND

Medical students may feel severe psychological stress during COVID-19, which might impair their ability to sleep. This research aimed to look at the risk factors for sleep disturbance and the prevalence of sleep disturbance among medical students.

METHODS

538 medical students in total were recruited for this research. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate the possible risk variables, we computed descriptive statistics for each assessment item and ran univariate and logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

Medical students had a 63.6% prevalence of sleep disturbance (n = 342). According to logistic regression, introverted students are 1.77 times more likely than extroverted students to have sleep disturbance (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.08-2.91). Medical students with depression had a 5.6-times higher risk of sleep disturbance than those without depression (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.43-9.15). Additionally, medical students with anxiety were 3.95 times more likely than those without anxiety to have sleep disturbance (OR = 3.95, 95% CI 2.04-7.64).

CONCLUSIONS

According to this research, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant sleep disturbance among medical students. Additionally, among medical students, introversion, anxiety, and depression were risk factors for sleep disturbance.

Sleep disorders among frontline nurses after the COVID-19 outbreak: a large-scale cross-sectional study

This large-scale cross-sectional multicenter study aims to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders among frontline nurses in China after the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify potential influencing factors contributing to these sleep disturbances. A total of 2065 frontline nurses from 27 provinces in China participated in an online survey conducted through the Wenjuan Xing platform. Data on demographic characteristics, work-related factors, and mental health assessments, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were collected. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, t-tests, binary logistic regression, and ROC analysis, were conducted to explore the relationships between various factors and sleep disorders. Over half (52.7%) of the surveyed nurses exhibited sleep disorders, reflecting a considerable post-pandemic impact on sleep quality. Factors such as nursing titles, personality traits, COVID-19 infection status, and exercise frequency showed statistically significant associations with sleep disorders. Extraverted nurses and those who had recovered from COVID-19 displayed a lower risk of sleep disorders, while anxiety was identified as an independent risk factor. The study also identified a nuanced relationship between exercise frequency and sleep quality. The study highlights a high prevalence of sleep disorders among frontline nurses post-COVID-19, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Factors such as nursing titles, personality traits, COVID-19 infection status, exercise habits, and anxiety levels were found to influence sleep quality. Comprehensive support strategies addressing these factors are essential for improving the overall well-being of frontline nurses and, subsequently, sustaining a resilient healthcare workforce. Further research is recommended to explore additional influencing factors and consider diverse nurse populations.

Correlation between self-efficacy, parental parenting patterns, and severe depression in adolescents

BACKGROUND

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes. This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens. The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents.

AIM

To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy, parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents, and to provide guidance for mental intervention.

METHODS

Using a cross-sectional survey design, the data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments. Data input and statistical analysis were performed, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, through SPSS software.

RESULTS

The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls, and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding, punishment severity, and denial. Specifically, parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms, indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSION

Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and self-efficacy. Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms, so improving adolescent self-efficacy and improving parenting style are important.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram Model for Accurately Predicting Depression in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in China

Purpose

Depression is a major concern in maintenance hemodialysis. However, given the elusive nature of its risk factors and the redundant nature of existing assessment forms for judging depression, further research is necessary. Therefore, this study was devoted to exploring the risk factors for depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to developing and validating a predictive model for assessing depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022, and we recruited maintenance hemodialysis patients from a multicentre hemodialysis centre. Risk factors were identified by Lasso regression analysis and a Nomogram model was developed to predict depressed patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The predictive accuracy of the model was assessed by ROC curves, area under the ROC (AUC), consistency index (C-index), and calibration curves, and its applicability in clinical practice was evaluated using decision curves (DCA).

Results

A total of 175 maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study, and cases were randomised into a training set of 148 and a validation set of 27 (split ratio 8.5:1.5), with a depression prevalence of 29.1%. Based on age, employment, albumin, and blood uric acid, a predictive map of depression was created, and in the training set, the nomogram had an AUC of 0.7918, a sensitivity of 61.9%, and a specificity of 89.2%. In the validation set, the nomogram had an AUC of 0.810, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 61.1%. The bootstrap-based internal validation showed a c-index of 0.792, while the calibration curve showed a strong correlation between actual and predicted depression risk. Decision curve analysis (DCA) results indicated that the predictive model was clinically useful.

Conclusion

The nomogram constructed in this study can be used to identify depression conditions in vulnerable groups quickly, practically and reliably.

Do movement behaviours influence the association between early menarche and depression symptoms among Brazilian adolescents?

Early menarche has been associated with adverse health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms. Discovering effect modifiers across these conditions in the pediatric population is a constant challenge. We tested whether movement behaviours modified the effect of the association between early menarche and depression symptoms among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 2031 females aged 15-19 years across all Brazilian geographic regions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire; 30.5% (n = 620) reported having experienced menarche before age 12 years (i.e., early menarche). We used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Accruing any moderate-vigorous physical activity during leisure time, limited recreational screen time, and having good sleep quality were the exposures investigated. Adolescents who experienced early menarche and met one (B: -4.45, 95% CI: (-5.38, -3.51)), two (B: -6.07 (-7.02, -5.12)), or three (B: -6.49 (-7.76, -5.21)), and adolescents who experienced not early menarche and met one (B: -5.33 (-6.20; -4.46)), two (B: -6.12 (-6.99; -5.24)), or three (B: -6.27 (-7.30; -5.24)) of the movement behaviour targets had lower PHQ-9 scores for depression symptoms than adolescents who experienced early menarche and did not meet any of the movement behaviours. The disparities in depressive symptoms among the adolescents (early menarche vs. not early menarche) who adhered to all three target behaviours were not statistically significant (B: 0.41 (-0.19; 1.01)). Adherence to movement behaviours modified the effect of the association between early menarche and depression symptoms.

Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep disorders in medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, fewer studies have been conducted on sleep disorders among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the prevalence and factors influencing sleep disorders among Chinese medical students after COVID-19.

METHODS

A total of 1,194 Chinese medical students were included in this study from 9th to 12th July 2023. We used the Self-administered Chinese scale to collect the demographic characteristics. In addition, we used the Chinese versions of the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess subjects' depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, respectively. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors influencing sleep disorders. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the predictive value of relevant variables for sleep disorders.

RESULTS

We found the prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students after COVID-19 was 82.3%. According to logistic regression results, medical students with depression were 1.151 times more likely to have sleep disorders than those without depression (OR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.114 to 1.188). Doctoral students were 1.908 times more likely to have sleep disorders than graduate and undergraduate students (OR = 1.908, 95% CI 1.264 to 2.880).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students is high after COVID-19. In addition, high academic levels and depression are risk factors for sleep disorders. Therefore, medical colleges and administrators should pay more attention to sleep disorders in medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular assessment of sleep disorders and depression is essential.

Family Functioning, Maternal Depression, and Adolescent Cognitive Flexibility and Its Associations with Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

This study explores family functioning and its associations with adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD), comparing its dynamics with healthy counterparts. Family functioning (cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction), maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression history, parental divorce, parental alcohol abuse, and the adolescents' cognitive flexibility, are examined. The research incorporates the perspectives of both adolescents and mothers.

METHODS

The sample includes 63 mother-teenager dyads in the clinical group and 43 in the control group. Instruments encompass the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES IV), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), The Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test, and structured interviews.

RESULTS

Families of adolescents with MDD exhibit lower flexibility, cohesion, communication, and overall satisfaction. Depressed adolescents display reduced cognitive flexibility. Discrepancies were observed between adolescents' and mothers' perspectives as associated with adolescents' MDD. Teenagers emphasized the severity of maternal depressive symptoms, while mothers highlighted the importance of family cohesion and flexibility.

CONCLUSIONS

This study emphasizes a holistic strategy in addressing adolescent depression, including family-based assessment and therapy. Screening for maternal depressive symptoms is identified as valuable. Cognitive flexibility also needs to be addressed during therapy for depression in adolescence.

Health status of the population in Naqu, Tibet and its latent class analysis: a cross-sectional survey

Background

Through a survey and analysis of the population's present state of health, it is possible to give data support for improving the health status of inhabitants in Naqu, Tibet. Additionally, it is possible to provide specific recommendations for the development of medical and healthcare facilities in Tibet.

Methods

The health scores of the participants were based on their responses to the four main sections of the questionnaire: dietary habits, living habits, health knowledge, and clinical disease history, and the variability of health status among groups with different characteristics was analyzed based on the scores. The four major sections were used to create classes of participants using latent class analysis (LCA). Using logistic regression, the factors influencing the classification of latent classes of health status were investigated.

Results

A total of 995 residents from 10 counties in Naqu were selected as the study subjects. And their demographic characteristics were described. The mean health score of residents after standardization was 81.59 ± 4.68. With the exception of gender, health scores differed between groups by age, education level, different occupations, marital status, and monthly income. The health status in Naqu, Tibet, was divided into two groups (entropy = 0.29, BLRT = 0.001, LMRT = 0.001) defined as the "good health group" and the "general health group." A monthly income of more than ¥5000 adverse to good health in Naqu, Tibet.

Discussion

Single, well-educated young adults in Naqu, Tibet, have outstanding health. The vast majority of people in Tibet's Naqu region were in good health. Furthermore, the population's latent health status was divided into two classes, each with good dietary and living habits choices, low health knowledge, and a history of several clinical diseases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income more than ¥5000 was an independent risk factor for poor health status.