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Johnston JS, Skinner NA, Tokar A, Arabi E, Ndiaye NY, Strehlow MC, Utunen H. Global Use, Adaptation, and Sharing of Massive Open Online Courses for Emergency Health on the OpenWHO Platform: Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2025; 27:e52591. [PMID: 39792445 PMCID: PMC11759914 DOI: 10.2196/52591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the global need for accessible content to rapidly train health care workers during health emergencies. The massive open access online course (MOOC) format is a broadly embraced strategy for widespread dissemination of trainings. Yet, barriers associated with technology access, language, and cultural context limit the use of MOOCs, particularly in lower-resource communities. There is tremendous potential for MOOC developers to increase the global scale and contextualization of learning; however, at present, few studies examine the adaptation and sharing of health MOOCs to address these challenges. OBJECTIVE The World Health Organization's Health Emergencies Programme Learning and Capacity Development Unit and the Stanford Center for Health Education collaborated to survey learners from 4 emergency health MOOCs on the OpenWHO platform to examine differences in course use by World Bank country income classification across three dimensions: (1) how health education MOOCs are used and shared, (2) how health workers adapt MOOC content to meet local training and information needs, and (3) how content adaptations help frontline health workers overcome barriers to using MOOCs. METHODS This study draws upon two sources of data: (1) course enrollment data collected from the 4 emergency health MOOCs (N=96,395) and (2) survey data collected from learners who participated in at least 1 of the 4 MOOCs (N=926). Descriptive statistics are used to summarize learner characteristics. Differences in enrollment, sharing, and adaptation by country income classification are examined using Pearson chi-square test. RESULTS Of the enrollees who indicated their country of residence, half were from lower-middle-income countries (LMICs; 43,168/85,882, 50%) and another 9% (7146/85,882) from low-income countries. The majority of all respondents shared content (819/926, 88%) and used content in official trainings (563/926, 61%). Respondents were more likely to share and use content for trainings in LMICs than in high-income countries (91% vs 81%; P=.001). Learners in LMICs also shared content with more people on average compared with high-income country learners although the difference is not statistically significant (9.48 vs 6.73 people; P=.084). Compared with learners in high-income countries, learners in LMICs were more likely to adapt materials to distribute via offline formats or technologies, such as WhatsApp or text message (31% vs 8%; P<.001); to address cultural, linguistic, or other contextual needs (20% vs 12%; P=.076); and to meet local guidelines (20% vs 9%; P=.010). Learners in LMICs indicated greater accessibility challenges due to technological and linguistic barriers. CONCLUSIONS Learners commonly share content from MOOCs about public health emergencies; this is especially true in low-income countries and LMICs. However, content is often adapted and shared via alternative formats. Our findings identify a critical opportunity to improve MOOC design and dramatically scale the impact of MOOCs to better meet diverse global needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Sewan Johnston
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nadine Ann Skinner
- Stanford Center for Health Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anna Tokar
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elham Arabi
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngouille Yabsa Ndiaye
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Charles Strehlow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Heini Utunen
- Learning and Capacity Development Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Coutinho KMD, Fernandes F, Medeiros KC, Coutinho KD, Dias ADP, Valentim RADM, Leite-Lais L, Lima KC. Data Report: Educational pathway addressing food and nutrition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on the AVASUS platform. Front Digit Health 2025; 6:1476293. [PMID: 39834841 PMCID: PMC11743485 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1476293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karla M. D. Coutinho
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kelson C. Medeiros
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Karilany D. Coutinho
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aline de Pinho Dias
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. de M. Valentim
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Leite-Lais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Valentim JLRDS, Dias-Trindade S, Dias ADP, Caitano AR, Nunes LGDS, Romão MH, Fernandes F, Veras NVR, Medeiros KC, Melo RS, Bezerra EDC, Quintas-Mendes A, Bonfim MAA, Ferla AA, Ceccim RB, Valentim RAM. Massive Education in Prison Health in Brazil: A Look Beyond the Walls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1350. [PMID: 39457323 PMCID: PMC11507425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Equal access to health initiatives and services under the principles of universal and comprehensive care remains a challenge in Brazil. The realization of public health policies is further intricate when one examines the health situation of people deprived of liberty. This study showcases the "Prison System: Beyond the Walls" educational pathway, available on the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian National Health System (AVASUS). The action research methodological strategy guided the pathway development, emphasizing dialogic learning. The goal was to address the need for massive training on the topic of prison health, with the model focusing on engagement through spontaneous, non-mandatory participation in the pathway courses. The pathway comprised four modules, whose educational offerings were based on the self-learning model. Students were free to choose which courses to take and in what order, as there was no prerequisite for participating in modules. Hence, students could either take all the courses or only those with which they identify their learning needs, regardless of work demands or personal interests. Structuring the pathway through action research facilitated a massive, cohesive, and continuous training process. This approach expanded knowledge and established meaningful relationships among the related topics and the key players involved: health professionals, prison officers, and people deprived of liberty. Notably, the pathway courses have surpassed the 50,000-enrollment mark, spanning all five regions of Brazil. In this context, this article presents and discusses the development of the "Prison System: Beyond the Walls" pathway, emphasizing the massive improvement of health within Brazil's prison system and highlighting the results achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina L. R. da S. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-186 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Dias-Trindade
- Faculty of Arts, Department of History, Political and International Studies (DHEPI), University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aline de P. Dias
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Alexandre R. Caitano
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Laysa G. de S. Nunes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Manoel H. Romão
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Felipe Fernandes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Nícolas V. R. Veras
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Kelson C. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Ronaldo S. Melo
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
- Institute of Human Formation with Technologies, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edneide da C. Bezerra
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Natal 59015-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Antonio Quintas-Mendes
- LE@D—Distance Education and eLearning Laboratory, Open University of Portugal, 1250-100 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marilyn A. A. Bonfim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alcindo A. Ferla
- Public Health Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90620-110, RS, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo B. Ceccim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
| | - Ricardo A. M. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59010-090, RN, Brazil; (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (A.R.C.); (M.H.R.); (N.V.R.V.); (K.C.M.); (R.S.M.); (M.A.A.B.); (R.B.C.); (R.A.M.V.)
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da Cunha PS, Barbalho IMP, Fernandes FRDS, Romão MH, Rodrigues da Silva Valentim JL, Dantas Coutinho KM, Sampaio de Araújo K, de Medeiros Valentim RA, de Pinho Dias A, Araújo do Nascimento Batista N, da Silva JA, Clemente HA, Pereira Alves MDF, Dantas Coutinho K. Interculturality in the Development of Technology-Mediated Courses for Massive Health Education: A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2754-2771. [PMID: 39452176 PMCID: PMC11507113 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an educational strategy for many fields, including health. As they educate health professionals about a variety of practices, MOOCs play a crucial role in interculturality by enabling professionals to approach cultural diversity in work settings. This study provides a review of the literature investigating the element of interculturality in the production of healthcare-related MOOCs intended for a variety of audiences, including practicing healthcare professionals, healthcare professional trainees, and the general public. Based on a systematic review protocol, we searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2023 in Science Direct, PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus. Fifteen studies were selected for final analysis, which highlighted MOOC development, its underlying processes, and its importance in promoting health and social well-being. MOOCs have (1) provided new approaches to technology-mediated learning in distance health education, (2) aided training, (3) disseminated knowledge, and (4) promoted interculturality. Continuous collaboration and innovation in MOOC development are essential to ensure their effectiveness and relevance in the contemporary educational scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sanara da Cunha
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Intercultural Relations Graduate Program, Open University of Portugal, 1269-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ingridy Marina Pierre Barbalho
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Felipe Ricardo dos Santos Fernandes
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Manoel Honorio Romão
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Janaina Luana Rodrigues da Silva Valentim
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies—CEIS20, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra, 3000-186 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karla Mônica Dantas Coutinho
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Kaline Sampaio de Araújo
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros Valentim
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline de Pinho Dias
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Policies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Natalia Araújo do Nascimento Batista
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - José Adailton da Silva
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Heleni Aires Clemente
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Health Management and Innovation Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 59200-000, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Pereira Alves
- Intercultural Relations Graduate Program, Open University of Portugal, 1269-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, TERRA Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karilany Dantas Coutinho
- Laboratory for Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-300, RN, Brazil; (I.M.P.B.); (F.R.d.S.F.); (M.H.R.); (J.L.R.d.S.V.); (K.M.D.C.); (K.S.d.A.); (R.A.d.M.V.); (A.d.P.D.); (J.A.d.S.); (H.A.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil
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Naghavi M, Mestrovic T, Gray A, Gershberg Hayoon A, Swetschinski LR, Robles Aguilar G, Davis Weaver N, Ikuta KS, Chung E, Wool EE, Han C, Araki DT, Albertson SB, Bender R, Bertolacci G, Browne AJ, Cooper BS, Cunningham MW, Dolecek C, Doxey M, Dunachie SJ, Ghoba S, Haines-Woodhouse G, Hay SI, Hsu RL, Iregbu KC, Kyu HH, Ledesma JR, Ma J, Moore CE, Mosser JF, Mougin V, Naghavi P, Novotney A, Rosenthal VD, Sartorius B, Stergachis A, Troeger C, Vongpradith A, Walters MK, Wunrow HY, Murray CJL. Global burden associated with 85 pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:868-895. [PMID: 38640940 PMCID: PMC11269650 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a global epidemiological transition towards increased burden of non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the burden of a wide range of infectious diseases, and its variation by geography and age, is pivotal to research priority setting and resource mobilisation globally. METHODS We estimated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with 85 pathogens in 2019, globally, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. The term pathogen included causative agents, pathogen groups, infectious conditions, and aggregate categories. We applied a novel methodological approach to account for underlying, immediate, and intermediate causes of death, which counted every death for which a pathogen had a role in the pathway to death. We refer to this measure as the burden associated with infection, which was estimated by combining different sources of information. To compare the burden among all pathogens, we used pathogen-specific ratios to incorporate the burden of immediate and intermediate causes of death for pathogens modelled previously by the GBD. We created the ratios by using multiple cause of death data, hospital discharge data, linkage data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data to estimate the fraction of deaths coming from the pathway to death chain. We multiplied the pathogen-specific ratios by age-specific years of life lost (YLLs), calculated with GBD 2019 methods, and then added the adjusted YLLs to age-specific years lived with disability (YLDs) from GBD 2019 to produce adjusted DALYs to account for deaths in the chain. We used standard GBD methods to calculate 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for final estimates of DALYs by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. We provided burden estimates pertaining to all ages and specifically to the under 5 years age group. FINDINGS Globally in 2019, an estimated 704 million (95% UI 610-820) DALYs were associated with 85 different pathogens, including 309 million (250-377; 43·9% of the burden) in children younger than 5 years. This burden accounted for 27·7% (and 65·5% in those younger than 5 years) of the previously reported total DALYs from all causes in 2019. Comparing super-regions, considerable differences were observed in the estimated pathogen-associated burdens in relation to DALYs from all causes, with the highest burden observed in sub-Saharan Africa (314 million [270-368] DALYs; 61·5% of total regional burden) and the lowest in the high-income super-region (31·8 million [25·4-40·1] DALYs; 9·8%). Three leading pathogens were responsible for more than 50 million DALYs each in 2019: tuberculosis (65·1 million [59·0-71·2]), malaria (53·6 million [27·0-91·3]), and HIV or AIDS (52·1 million [46·6-60·9]). Malaria was the leading pathogen for DALYs in children younger than 5 years (37·2 million [17·8-64·2]). We also observed substantial burden associated with previously less recognised pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and specific Gram-negative bacterial species (ie, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Helicobacter pylori). Conversely, some pathogens had a burden that was smaller than anticipated. INTERPRETATION Our detailed breakdown of DALYs associated with a comprehensive list of pathogens on a global, regional, and country level has revealed the magnitude of the problem and helps to indicate where research funding mismatch might exist. Given the disproportionate impact of infection on low-income and middle-income countries, an essential next step is for countries and relevant stakeholders to address these gaps by making targeted investments. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.
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Zaidan AM. The leading global health challenges in the artificial intelligence era. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1328918. [PMID: 38089037 PMCID: PMC10711066 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1328918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people's health is at risk because of several factors and multiple overlapping crises, all of which hit the vulnerable the most. These challenges are dynamic and evolve in response to emerging health challenges and concerns, which need effective collaboration among countries working toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and securing global health. Mental Health, the Impact of climate change, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, Infectious diseases, health system, and population aging are examples of challenges known to pose a vast burden worldwide. We are at a point known as the "digital revolution," characterized by the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and a fusion of technology types. AI has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing various health challenges, and the last ten years have been influential due to the rapid expansion in the production and accessibility of health-related data. The computational models and algorithms can understand complicated health and medical data to perform various functions and deep-learning strategies. This narrative mini-review summarizes the most current AI applications to address the leading global health challenges. Harnessing its capabilities can ultimately mitigate the Impact of these challenges and revolutionize the field. It has the ability to strengthen global health through personalized health care and improved preparedness and response to future challenges. However, ethical and legal concerns about individual or community privacy and autonomy must be addressed for effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mousa Zaidan
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zhang YW, Liu MY, Yu XH, He XY, Song W, Liu X, Ma YN. Predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes of pregnant mothers with syphilis based on a logistic regression model: a retrospective study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201162. [PMID: 37780444 PMCID: PMC10538632 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Maternal syphilis could cause serious consequences. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for maternal syphilis in order to predict an individual's risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 768 pregnant women with syphilis. A questionnaire was completed and data analyzed. The data was divided into a training set and a testing set. Using logistic regression to establish predictive models in the training set, and its predictive performance was evaluated in the testing set. The probability of APOs occurrence is presented through a nomogram. Results Compared with the APOs group, pregnant women in the non-APOs group participated in a longer treatment course. Course, time of the first antenatal care, gestation week at syphilis diagnosis, and gestation age at delivery in weeks were independent predictors of APOs, and they were used to establish the nomogram. Conclusions Our study investigated the impact of various characteristics of syphilis pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes and established a prediction model of APOs in Suzhou. The incidence of APOs can be reduced by controlling for these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man-Yu Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hao Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Yu He
- Suzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Family Planning Service Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Na Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Villarreal CF, Nascimento PGBD, Ferreira BR, Funez MI. Sérgio Ferreira beyond Pharmacology: His Role as a Science Communicator. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:516. [PMID: 37755942 PMCID: PMC10535959 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, toxins from animal venoms have contributed significantly to the discovery of new drugs, as illustrated by captopril, the first drug developed from an animal toxin approved for human use [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mani Indiana Funez
- School of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, FD, Brazil;
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Valentim JLRS, Dias-Trindade S, Oliveira ESG, Romão MH, Fernandes F, Caitano AR, Bonfim MAA, Dias AP, Gusmão CMG, Morais PSG, Melo RS, Fontoura de Souza G, Medeiros KC, Rêgo MCFD, Ceccim RB, Valentim RAM. Evaluation of massive education in prison health: a perspective of health care for the person deprived of freedom in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1239769. [PMID: 37680276 PMCID: PMC10480506 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1239769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Education, with an emphasis on prison health, has acted as a policy inducing changes in work processes, which the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) has used, and which is present in permanent health education, which promotes health care for people deprived of liberty. This article aims to present an analysis of the impacts of the strategy of massive education on prison health in Brazil from the perspective of health professionals and other actors operating in the Brazilian prison system. The data used in the study come from a questionnaire consisting of 37 questions applied nationwide between March and June 2022. Responses were collected from students who completed the course "Health Care for People Deprived of Freedom" of the learning pathway "Prison System", available in the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS). This course was offered nationally, whose adhesion (enrollment) occurred spontaneously, i.e., the course was not a mandatory. The data collected allowed us to analyze the impacts of massive education on prison health. The study also shows that the search for the course is made by several areas of knowledge, with a higher incidence in the health area, but also in other areas, such as humanities, which also work directly with the guarantee of the rights of people deprived of liberty, which are professionals in the areas of social work, psychology, and education. The analysis based on the data suggests that the massive education mediated by technology through the courses of the learning pathway, besides disseminating knowledge-following the action plan of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-, are an effective tool to promote resilience in response to prison health and care demands of people deprived of liberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína L. R. S. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Dias-Trindade
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of History, Political and International Studies (DHEPI), Faculty of Arts, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eloiza S. G. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Institute of Human Formation With Technologies, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manoel H. Romão
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Caitano
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Marilyn A. A. Bonfim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline P. Dias
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Cristine M. G. Gusmão
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- International Council for Open and Distance Education, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippi S. G. Morais
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo S. Melo
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Institute of Human Formation With Technologies, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fontoura de Souza
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kelson C. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria C. F. D. Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Ceccim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. M. Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Paiva JCDL, Dias-Trindade S, Gonzalez MOA, Barros DMDS, Cardoso PH, Bezerra PHC, Lima TGFDMS, Lacerda JDS, Muneiro LC, Cunha-Oliveira A, Camarneiro AP, Barbalho IMP, Valentim RADM. Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project "Syphilis No": A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15884. [PMID: 36497957 PMCID: PMC9739525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Syphilis is increasingly prevalent around the world as a result of complex factors. In Brazil, the government declared a syphilis epidemic in 2016 and then set a strategic agenda to respond to this serious public health problem. In a joint effort, Brazil's Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) recommended that novel and diversified health communication strategies should be developed, which the "Syphilis No" project (SNP) later conducted through nationwide mass communication campaigns. We performed exploratory data analysis to identify and understand the results of three health communication campaigns by considering syphilis data trends in Brazil. The SNP, by using traditional and innovative means of communication, focused on multiple target audiences to encourage behavior changes through awareness and syphilis knowledge acquisition via the internet. In addition, the SNP disseminated information on syphilis testing, prevention, and treatment through social media and multiple media outlets. We observed that the period of the health campaigns corresponded to the period when the syphilis testing uptake increased and the number of reported cases dropped. Thus, our findings indicate that public health responses could substantially benefit from the use of health communication campaigns as a tool for health promotion, education, and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Dias-Trindade
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (CEIS20), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Pablo Holanda Cardoso
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-090, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Castro Bezerra
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-090, Brazil
| | | | - Juciano de Sousa Lacerda
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-090, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Media Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carla Muneiro
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-090, Brazil
| | - Aliete Cunha-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), CEIS20-UC, 3000-457 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Camarneiro
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-076 Coimbra, Portugal
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