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Schaefer R, Gava D, Bombassaro GE, Haach V, Maciag SS, Bastos AP. Evidence of vertical transmission of Senecavirus A in naturally infected sows. Virology 2024; 600:110248. [PMID: 39307097 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/12/2024]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a Picornaviridae RNA virus that causes vesicular disease (VD) and transitory neonatal losses in pigs. The major ways SVA is spread are by oral, nasal, and feces. Vertical transmission of SVA was investigated during a VD epidemic in a farrow-to-finish herd in Brazil. Vesicular lesions were observed on sows before farrowing and on piglets within 24 h of birth. Analyses included RT-qPCR, viral isolation, sequencing, and virus-neutralization assays on serum, vesicular fluid, colostrum, and milk. Five out of ten sows were viremic before farrowing, and 46.7% of tested piglets had high viral loads in the first 24 h after birth. Infectious virus was detected in colostrum and milk from one postnatal sow. Despite high levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in piglet serum, colostrum, and milk, piglets were not protected from viremia and clinical illness. These findings support the vertical and congenital transmission of SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Haach
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Shaiana S Maciag
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná - Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Bastos
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná - Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
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Zhang F, Luo Y, Lin C, Tan M, Wan P, Xie B, Xiong L, Ji H. Epidemiological monitoring and genetic variation analysis of pathogens associated with porcine viral diarrhea in southern China from 2021 to 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1303915. [PMID: 38572229 PMCID: PMC10987963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1303915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale outbreaks of virus-associated severe diarrhea have occurred in pig populations since 2010. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of the diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, we tested 1,791 diarrhea samples collected from 213 pig farms in five provinces in southern China between 2021 and 2023. The test results showed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was the most frequently detected virus. The prevalence rates ranged from 47.40 to 52.22% in samples and 76.06% (162/213) in pig farms. Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) was the second common virus, with prevalence rates ranging from 25.81 to 50.81% in samples and 72.77%(155/213) in pig farms. Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) was the third common virus, with prevalence rates ranging from 16.33 to 17.48% in samples and 38.50% (82/213) in pig farms. The detection rates of both transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine acute diarrheal syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) were very low, less than 1.01% in samples and less than 3.76% in pig farms. In this study, we found SADS-CoV only in piglet diarrhea samples from Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi provinces in China, with a prevalence rate of 5.16% (11/213) in pig farms. Co-infection with these diarrhea-associated viruses is a common occurrence. The most common co-infections were PEDV and PoRV, with a prevalence rate of 6.64% (119/1,791), followed by PDCoV and PoRV, with a prevalence rate of 4.19% (75/1,791). Phylogenetic analyses showed that PEDV and PEDV variants prevalent in southern China during the past three years clustered into genotype GIIb and recombinant PEDV subtypes. Among the currently endemic PEDV, the most common mutations occurred in the collagenase equivalent (COE) and epitope regions of the spike gene. PoRV strains were mainly dominated by the G9 subtype, followed by the G5, G3 and G4 subtypes. Our results suggest that variant PEDV, PDCoV and PoRV are the main pathogens of swine diarrhea, and singular- or co-infection with pathogenic enteric CoV is common in pig herds in southern China. Therefore, prevention and control of porcine viral diarrhea should be given high attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Wen’s Group Research Institute, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui Lin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiwei Wan
- Jiangxi Biological Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baobao Xie
- Dabeinong Technology Co., Ltd. of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ligen Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu G, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang P, Wang S, Liang T, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Huang G, Song C. Establishment of a Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for Porcine Circovirus-Like Virus and the First Evidence of Its Spread to Hainan and Jiangxi Provinces of China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:853761. [PMID: 35799839 PMCID: PMC9253630 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.853761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Circovirus-like (PCL) virus, a new emerging virus, has been widely detected in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Anhui provinces in China, which may be a novel agent causing severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and tending to spread widely. Evidence suggests that the virus is related to hemorrhagic enteritis and diarrhea, and many newborn piglets were emaciated to death after infection. Therefore, a sensitive, quick, and accurate detection system for virus detection and epidemiological investigation is necessary. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR assay based on SYBR green for the detection of PCL virus. The ORF4 conserved region of PCL virus was found by the alignment of the uploaded genome sequences to design specific primers, and the primers were tested and showed good specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Approximately, 138 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheal pigs in South China from June to December 2021. Approximately, 22.46% (31/138) of the samples and 40% (8/20) of the pig farms were positive for PCL virus, respectively, by using this method. Moreover, it is worth noting that the virus was first detected in Hainan and Jiangxi Provinces of China, which means that the virus may spread widely in China. Through evolutionary tree analysis and partial sequence comparison, there are some differences of virus genes in each province, suggesting that there is a risk of variation, and the four PCL virus strains showed a sequence similarity of 86.7%–87.8% for the rep gene and 92.2%–92.9% for the Rep protein, respectively, with Bo-Circo-like virus that is detected in bovine, which further demonstrates a close relationship between the two viruses that originated from different animals. In conclusion, our study provides a useful diagnostic approach to PCL virus detection and epidemiological inquiry. Meanwhile, the epidemic data using this real-time qPCR assay provide evidence for the widespread variations and epidemic of the virus in South China, and warn the appropriate measures for prevention, and control of porcine circovirus-like virus infection should be under consideration in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Xu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Liu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyun Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tairun Liang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Li
- Dongrui Food Group Co. Ltd, Heyuan, China
| | | | - Changxu Song
- National Pig Breeding Industry Engineering and Technical Research Center, College of Animal Science and National Engineering Center for Swine Breeding Industry, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
- Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changxu Song ;
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