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Fonseca FN, Haach V, Bellaver FV, Bombassaro G, Gava D, da Silva LP, Baron LF, Simonelly M, Carvalho WA, Schaefer R, Bastos AP. Immunological profile of mice immunized with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine. Virol J 2023; 20:187. [PMID: 37605141 PMCID: PMC10463652 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory disease in pigs and is a major concern for public health. Vaccination of pigs is the most successful measure to mitigate the impact of the disease in the herds. Influenza-based virosome is an effective immunomodulating carrier that replicates the natural antigen presentation pathway and has tolerability profile due to their purity and biocompatibility. METHODS This study aimed to develop a polyvalent virosome influenza vaccine containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins derived from the swine IAVs (swIAVs) H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes, and to investigate its effectiveness in mice as a potential vaccine for swine. Mice were immunized with two vaccine doses (1 and 15 days), intramuscularly and intranasally. At 21 days and eight months later after the second vaccine dose, mice were euthanized. The humoral and cellular immune responses in mice vaccinated intranasally or intramuscularly with a polyvalent influenza virosomal vaccine were investigated. RESULTS Only intramuscular vaccination induced high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Seroconversion and seroprotection (> 4-fold rise in HI antibody titers, reaching a titer of ≥ 1:40) were achieved in 80% of mice (intramuscularly vaccinated group) at 21 days after booster immunization. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers against IAV were detected at 8 months after vaccination, indicating long-lasting immunity. Overall, mice immunized with the virosome displayed greater ability for B, effector-T and memory-T cells from the spleen to respond to H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 antigens. CONCLUSIONS All findings showed an efficient immune response against IAVs in mice vaccinated with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Haach
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Haach V, Bastos APA, Gava D, da Fonseca FN, Morés MAZ, Coldebella A, Franco AC, Schaefer R. A polyvalent virosomal influenza vaccine induces broad cellular and humoral immunity in pigs. Virol J 2023; 20:181. [PMID: 37587490 PMCID: PMC10428566 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) is endemic in pigs globally and co-circulation of genetically and antigenically diverse virus lineages of subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 is a challenge for the development of effective vaccines. Virosomes are virus-like particles that mimic virus infection and have proven to be a successful vaccine platform against several animal and human viruses. METHODS This study evaluated the immunogenicity of a virosome-based influenza vaccine containing the surface glycoproteins of H1N1 pandemic, H1N2 and H3N2 in pigs. RESULTS A robust humoral and cellular immune response was induced against the three IAV subtypes in pigs after two vaccine doses. The influenza virosome vaccine elicited hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and virus-neutralizing activity. Furthermore, it induced a significant maturation of macrophages, and proliferation of B lymphocytes, effector and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T lymphocytes producing interferon-γ. Also, the vaccine demonstrated potential to confer long-lasting immunity until the market age of pigs and proved to be safe and non-cytotoxic to pigs. CONCLUSIONS This virosome platform allows flexibility to adjust the vaccine content to reflect the diversity of circulating IAVs in swine in Brazil. The vaccination of pigs may reduce the impact of the disease on swine production and the risk of swine-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Haach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Francisco Noé da Fonseca
- Embrapa Sede, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Distrito Federal, CEP 70770-901, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil.
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Junqueira DM, Tochetto C, Anderson TK, Gava D, Haach V, Cantão ME, Baker ALV, Schaefer R. Human-to-swine introductions and onward transmission of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in Brazil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243567. [PMID: 37614592 PMCID: PMC10442540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Once established in the human population, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus (H1N1pdm09) was repeatedly introduced into swine populations globally with subsequent onward transmission among pigs. Methods To identify and characterize human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 introductions in Brazil, we conducted a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of 4,141 H1pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA) and 3,227 N1pdm09 neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences isolated globally from humans and swine between 2009 and 2022. Results Phylodynamic analysis revealed that during the period between 2009 and 2011, there was a rapid transmission of the H1N1pdm09 virus from humans to swine in Brazil. Multiple introductions of the virus were observed, but most of them resulted in self-limited infections in swine, with limited onward transmission. Only a few sustained transmission clusters were identified during this period. After 2012, there was a reduction in the number of human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 transmissions in Brazil. Discussion The virus underwent continuous antigenic drift, and a balance was established between swine-to-swine transmission and extinction, with minimal sustained onward transmission from humans to swine. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Maletich Junqueira
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Evolução de Vírus, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Tavis K. Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Vanessa Haach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
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Bordin LC, Gava D, Sonalio K, Mechler-Dreibi ML, Zanella JRC, Morés N, de Oliveira LG, Vaz EK. Investigation of hemotropic Mycoplasmas in fetuses and sows with reproductive failure. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 12:100175. [PMID: 33912728 PMCID: PMC8065215 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine eperythrozoonosis or porcine hemoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused mainly by Mycoplasma suis and is distributed worldwide. This study investigated the occurrence of porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas (PHMs) in fetuses and sows with reproductive failure. Two hundred and seventy-six samples (80 sows' blood and 196 fetal tissue samples) from 27 farms with reproductive disorders were evaluated. The PHMs DNA was detected in 15 out of 80 (18.7%) sows but it was not detected in the fetuses. The bacterial load ranged from 1.32 × 102 to 2.61 × 105 copies/µL. From the 27 tested herds, 11 (40.7%) showed at least one positive sow per farm. The majority of the reproductive problems observed in PMHs positive sows were stillborn fetuses (46.7%) and stillborn associated with fetal mummification (26.7%). So, we evidenced that porcine hemoplasmas circulate among sows in Brazilian herds, however, its real impact on reproductive problems remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Animal Health Laboratory, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Karina Sonalio
- São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/Unesp, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nelson Morés
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Animal Health Laboratory, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Knackfuss Vaz
- Santa Catarina State University, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Lages, SC, Brazil
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Gogone ICVP, Ferreira GH, Gava D, Schaefer R, de Paula-Lopes FF, Rocha RDA, de Barros FRO. Applicability of Raman spectroscopy on porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus type 2 detection. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 249:119336. [PMID: 33385972 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the major infectious causes of reproductive failure of swine. This disease is characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death, responsible for important economic losses. PPV is also implicated as a trigger in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) caused by Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Their detection is PCR-based, which is quite sensitive and specific, but laborious, costly and time-demanding. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a diagnostic tool for PPV and PCV2 due to its label-free properties and unique ability to search and identify molecular fingerprints. Briefly, swine testis (ST) cells were inoculated with PPV or PCV2 and in vitro cultured (37 °C, 5% CO2) for four days. Fixed cells were then submitted to RS investigation using a 633 nm laser. A total of 225 spectra centered at 1300 cm-1 was obtained for each sample (5 spectra/cell; 15 cells/replicate; 3 replicates) of PPV-, PCV2-infected and uninfected (control) ST cells. Clear statistical discrimination between samples from both virus-infected cells was achieved with a Principal Component - Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) model, reaching sensitivity rates from 95.55% to 97.77%, respectively to PCV2- and PPV-infected cells. These results were then submitted to a Leave-One-Out (LOO) validation algorithm resulting in 99.97% of accuracy. Extensive band assignment was analyzed and compiled for better understanding of PPV and PCV2 virus-cell interaction, demonstrating that specific protein, lipids and DNA/RNA bands are the most important assignments related to discrimination of virus-infected from uninfected cells. In conclusion, these results represent promising bases for RS application on PCV2 and PPV detection for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raquel de A Rocha
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
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Gava D, Caron L, Schaefer R, Silva VS, Weiblen R, Flores EF, de Lima M, Takeda GZ, Ciacci-Zanella JR. A retrospective study of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in Brazilian pigs from 2008 to 2020. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:903-907. [PMID: 33590723 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a viral disease characterized by reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and a respiratory disease in pigs of any age. Brazil is the fourth largest pork producer and exporter globally, and PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection has never been reported in the country. This study aimed to investigate the status of porcine biological samples from commercial swine herds, quarantined imported boars, wild boars and feral pigs to update PRRS information in Brazil. A total of 14,382 samples were collected from 2008 to 2020, including sera (n = 12,841), plasma (n = 1,000) and oral fluids (n = 541), comprehending 137 herds and free-living pigs in eight Brazilian states. One out of 1,000 (0.1%) plasma and 15 out of 12,841 (0.11%) serum samples tested positive for PRRSV antibodies through ELISA. Upon ELISA retesting, only the plasma sample, from one 8-day-old piglet remained positive. All sixteen previously PRRSV antibody-positive samples were tested through RT-PCR and found to be negative. The presence of false-positive or singleton reactors are quite expected. Thus, the use of different/alternative diagnostic tests is indicated for an efficient PRRSV detection. Taken together, our findings demonstrated no conclusive evidence of PRRSV infection in the tested pigs, highlighting the importance to reinforce the surveillance program to prevent the introduction and eventual dissemination of PRRSV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rudi Weiblen
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Lima
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Zaha Takeda
- Chefe da Divisão de Sanidade dos Suídeos/CAT/CGSA/DSA/DAS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brasîlia, Brazil
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Haach V, Gava D, Cantão ME, Schaefer R. Evaluation of two multiplex RT-PCR assays for detection and subtype differentiation of Brazilian swine influenza viruses. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1447-1451. [PMID: 32125678 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are endemic in swine herds in most pork producing countries; however, the viruses circulating in different geographic regions are antigenically and genetically distinct. In this sense, the availability of a rapid diagnostic assay to detect locally adapted IAVs and discriminate the virus subtype in clinical samples from swine is extremely important for monitoring and control of the disease. This study describes the development and validation of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for detection and subtyping of IAV from pigs. The analytical and diagnostic specificity of the assays was 100% (94.3-100.0, CI 95%), and the limit of detection was 10-3 TCID50/mL. A total of 100 samples (IAV isolates and clinical specimens) were tested, and the virus subtype was determined for 80 samples (80%; 71.1-86.7, CI 95%). From these, 50% were H1N1, 22.5% were H1N2, and 7.5% were H3N2. Partial subtyping was determined for 8.75% samples (H1pdmNx and HxN2). Additionally, mixed infections with two virus subtypes (H1N2 + H3N2 and H1N1pdm + H1pdmN2; 2.5%) and reassortant viruses (H1pdmN2, 6.25%; and H1N1hu, 2.5%) were detected by the assay. A rapid detection of the most prevalent IAV subtypes and lineages in swine is provided by the assays developed here, improving the IAV diagnosis in Brazilian laboratories, and contributing to the IAV monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Haach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, CEP 89715-899, Brazil.
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Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Buysse AS, Vannucci FA, Piñeyro PE, Crossley BM, Schiltz JJ, Jenkins-Moore M, Koster L, Tell R, Schaefer R, Marthaler D, Diel DG. Genetic diversity and evolution of the emerging picornavirus Senecavirus A. J Gen Virol 2019; 101:175-187. [PMID: 31859611 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus that causes vesicular disease (VD) in swine. The virus has been circulating in swine in the United Stated (USA) since at least 1988, however, since 2014 a marked increase in the number of SVA outbreaks has been observed in swine worldwide. The factors that led to the emergence of SVA remain unknown. Evolutionary changes that accumulated in the SVA genome over the years may have contributed to the recent increase in disease incidence. Here we compared full-genome sequences of historical SVA strains (identified before 2010) from the USA and global contemporary SVA strains (identified after 2011). The results from the genetic analysis revealed 6.32 % genetic divergence between historical and contemporary SVA isolates. Selection pressure analysis revealed that the SVA polyprotein is undergoing selection, with four amino acid (aa) residues located in the VP1 (aa 735), 2A (aa 941), 3C (aa 1547) and 3D (aa 1850) coding regions being under positive/diversifying selection. Several aa substitutions were observed in the structural proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3) of contemporary SVA isolates when compared to historical SVA strains. Some of these aa substitutions led to changes in the surface electrostatic potential of the structural proteins. This work provides important insights into the molecular evolution and epidemiology of SVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok R Joshi
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Present address: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kristin A Mohr
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gerald Kutish
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alaire S Buysse
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Fabio A Vannucci
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pablo E Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Beate M Crossley
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John J Schiltz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Leo Koster
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel Tell
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Douglas Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Present address: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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de Souza AR, Yamin M, Gava D, Zanella JRC, Gatti MSV, Bonafe CFS, de Lima Neto DF. Porcine parvovirus VP1/VP2 on a time series epitope mapping: exploring the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the immune recognition of antigens. Virol J 2019; 16:75. [PMID: 31159841 PMCID: PMC6547530 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a DNA virus that causes reproductive failure in gilts and sows, resulting in embryonic and fetal losses worldwide. Epitope mapping of PPV is important for developing new vaccines. In this study, we used spot synthesis analysis for epitope mapping of the capsid proteins of PPV (NADL-2 strain) and correlated the findings with predictive data from immunoinformatics. The virus was exposed to three conditions prior to inoculation in pigs: native (untreated), high hydrostatic pressure (350 MPa for 1 h) at room temperature and high hydrostatic pressure (350 MPa for 1 h) at − 18 °C, and was compared with a commercial vaccine produced using inactivated PPV. The screening of serum samples detected 44 positive spots corresponding to 20 antigenic sites. Each type of inoculated antigen elicited a distinct epitope set. In silico prediction located linear and discontinuous epitopes in B cells that coincided with several epitopes detected in spot synthesis of sera from pigs that received different preparations of inoculum. The conditions tested elicited antibodies against the VP1/VP2 antigen that differed in relation to the response time and the profile of structurally available regions that were recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancelmo Rabelo de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campimas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marriam Yamin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campimas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Laboratório de Virologia de Suínos, Concórdia, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Sílvia Viccari Gatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campimas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Carlos Francisco Sampaio Bonafe
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campimas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira de Lima Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campimas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil. .,Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
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Haach V, Gava D, Mauricio EC, Franco AC, Schaefer R. One-step multiplex RT-qPCR for the detection and subtyping of influenza A virus in swine in Brazil. J Virol Methods 2019; 269:43-48. [PMID: 30959063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic H1N1, human-like H1N2 and H3N2 influenza A (IAV) viruses are co-circulating in swine herds in Brazil. The genetic analysis of the Brazilian IAVs has shown that they are genetically distinct from viruses found in swine in other countries; therefore, an update of the diagnostic assays for IAV detection and subtyping is needed. This study describes the development and validation of a TaqMan based - one-step multiplex RT-qPCR to discriminate the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the three major IAV subtypes circulating in pigs in Brazil. The RT-qPCR assays presented 100% (95.7-100, CI 95%) of diagnostic sensitivity in the analysis of 85 IAVs, previously characterized by sequencing. The limits of detection ranged from 5.09 × 101 to 5.09 × 103 viral RNA copies/μL. For the analytical specificity, 73 pig samples collected during 2017 and 2018 were analyzed, resulting in the identification of the subtype in 74.0% (62.9-82.7, CI 95%) of samples. From these, 46.3% were H3N2, 33.3% were H1N1, 11.1% were H1N2 and 3.7% were HxN1. Mixed viral infections (3.7%) and reassortant viruses (1.9%) were also detected by the test. This multiplex RT-qPCR assay provides a fast and specific diagnostic tool for identification of different subtypes and lineages of IAV in pigs, contributing to the monitoring of influenza in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Haach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89715-899, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Egídio Cantão Mauricio
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89715-899, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, CEP 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89715-899, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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11
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Orso C, Moraes ML, Aristimunha PC, Della MP, Butzen MF, Krás RV, Ledur VS, Gava D, McMaus CC, Ribeiro AML. Effect of early feed restriction programs and genetic strain on humoral immune response production in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:172-178. [PMID: 30169715 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to compare the immunocompetence of Cobb high performance and rustic Label Rouge broilers and the influence of reduced growth rates subsequent to feed restriction on the IgY anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) response. In the first experiment (EXP), 360 broilers were assigned to 36 cages from 1 to 42 days of age. A completely randomized design was applied in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 groups (Label Rouge, Cobb ad libitum, and Cobb Restricted Intake), and 2 levels of energy (3,100 and 2,800 kcal/kg); there were 6 replicates per treatment. In the second EXP, 384 Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly assigned to the following feed restriction programs from day 8 to 16: Control, fed ad libitum; Quantitative (80% of the control amount); By Time (fed for 8 h/d), and Qualitative (80% limiting nutrients) restriction. Blood samples were collected on days 35 and 42 (EXP 1) and weekly from day 7 to 42 (EXP 2) for IgY anti-BSA quantification. In EXP 1, the production of IgY anti-BSA was lower in the Cobb groups (P < 0.0001) than in the Label Rouge group, and higher in the Cobb Restricted Intake group (P < 0.0001) compared with the same genetic strain fed ad libitum. Birds fed the low energy diet presented lower (P ≤ 0.06) IgY anti-BSA, independent of genetics. In EXP 2, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed 1 wk after the first BSA inoculation. However, at day 28, birds in all feed restriction programs had higher (P < 0.05) IgY anti-BSA than the Control group fed ad libitum. At day 35, the greatest residual effect of IgY anti-BSA was observed in the Quantitative restriction group. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between groups after 42 d. The 3 early feed restriction programs had beneficial effects on the humoral immune response. Overall, Quantitative restriction promoted a longer lasting IgY anti-BSA response. Lower growth rate, due to feed restriction or genetic potential, improves humoral immunity in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orso
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M L Moraes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - P C Aristimunha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M P Della
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - M F Butzen
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - R V Krás
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - V S Ledur
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - D Gava
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - C C McMaus
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - A M L Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
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12
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Souza CK, Oldiges DP, Poeta APS, Vaz IDS, Schaefer R, Gava D, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Canal CW, Corbellini LG. Serological surveillance and factors associated with influenza A virus in backyard pigs in Southern Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 66:125-132. [PMID: 30485723 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Backyard pig populations are not monitored for influenza A virus (IAV) in Brazil and there are limited data about seroprevalence and risk factors in these populations. Our goal was to assess possible factors associated with IAV seroprevalence in backyard pig populations using an indirect ELISA protocol based on a recombinant nucleoprotein. Following the IAV screening using NP-ELISA, subtype-specific serology based on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay of the ELISA-positive pigs was conducted. The survey comprised a total of 1,667 sera samples collected in 2012 and 2014 in 479 holdings and the estimated seroprevalence was 5.3% (3.84%-7.33%) and 2.3% (1.34%-3.71%) in the respective years. In both years, H1N1pdm09 was the most prevalent subtype. The multivariable analysis showed main factors such as "age," "sex," "number of suckling pigs" and "neighbours raising pigs" that presented the greatest effect on IAV seroprevalence in these pig populations. These factors may be associated with the low biosecurity measures and management of backyard holdings. In addition, the low IAV seroprevalences found in these backyard pig populations could be related to a low number of animals in each pig holding and low animal movement/replacement that do not favour IAV transmission dynamics. This low frequency of H1N1pdm09 seropositive pigs could also be due to sporadic human-to-pig transmission of what is now a human seasonal influenza A virus; however, these factors should be explored in future studies. Herein, these results highlight the importance of IAV continued surveillance in backyard pig holdings, since it is poorly known which IAVs are circulating in these populations and the risk they could pose to public health and virus transmission to commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine K Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daiane P Oldiges
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada à Sanidade Animal, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Poeta
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da S Vaz
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada à Sanidade Animal, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Haach V, Gava D, Coldebella A, Schaefer R. INFLUÊNCIA DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAMENTO DO VÍRUS INFLUENZA NA DETECÇÃO POR RT-qPCR E ISOLAMENTO VIRAL. Ciênc anim bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v19e-46789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A infecção de suínos pelo vírus influenza causa perdas significativas na suinocultura e a doença tem implicações consideráveis para a saúde pública. Dessa forma, a rápida detecção viral em amostras biológicas de suínos é importante para a vigilância da influenza. Para o diagnóstico, as condições de manutenção das amostras biológicas (modo de acondicionamento, temperatura e período de acondicionamento), desde a colheita das amostras de suínos até o envio ao laboratório, podem interferir negativamente na detecção viral. Neste estudo foi analisada a viabilidade de uma amostra do vírus influenza A H1N1/2009 isolada de suínos, mantida em diferentes modos de acondicionamento (meio comercial UTM, meio in house VTM e sem meio de manutenção) e diferentes temperaturas (4, 23 e 37 °C) por um período de até 120 horas. As amostras foram avaliadas por RT-qPCR e isolamento em ovos embrionados. Foram observados efeitos significativos (p<0,05) para o modo e período de acondicionamento e da interação entre esses dois fatores com a carga viral. Dessa forma, as amostras biológicas enviadas para diagnóstico de influenza devem ser armazenadas, preferencialmente, em meio de manutenção viral a 4 °C e o tempo decorrido entre a colheita da amostra e a chegada ao laboratório deve ser de, no máximo, três dias.
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Rech RR, Gava D, Silva MC, Fernandes LT, Haach V, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Schaefer R. Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e155-e161. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - D. Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves; Concórdia SC Brazil
| | - M. C. Silva
- Qualem Laboratorio Veterinário; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | | | - V. Haach
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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15
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Gava D, Serrão VHB, Fernandes LT, Cantão ME, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Morés N, Schaefer R. Structure analysis of capsid protein of Porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs with systemic disease. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:351-357. [PMID: 29128395 PMCID: PMC5914143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses with high mortality rate associated with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is reported worldwide. PCV2 commercial vaccine was introduced in 2006 in U.S. and in 2008 in Brazil. Although PCV2 vaccines have been widely used, cases of PCV2 systemic disease have been reported in the last years. Eleven nursery or fattening pigs suffering from PCV2 systemic disease were selected from eight PCV2-vaccinated farms with historical records of PCV2 systemic disease in Southern Brazil. PCV2 genomes were amplified and sequenced from lymph node samples of selected pigs. The comparison among the ORF2 amino acid sequences of PCV2 isolates revealed three amino acid substitutions in the positions F57I, N178S and A190T, respectively. Using molecular modeling, a structural model for the capsid protein of PCV2 was built. Afterwards, the mutated residues positions were identified in the model. The structural analysis of the mutated residues showed that the external residue 190 is close to an important predicted region for antibodies recognition. Therefore, changes in the viral protein conformation might lead to an inefficient antibody binding and this could be a relevant mechanism underlying the recent vaccine failures observed in swine farms in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, 13566-590, SP, Brazil
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16
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Wildemann P, Gava D, Sfaciotte RAP, Melo FD, Ferraz SM, da Costa UM, Vaz EK. Low occurrence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig tonsils at slaughter in Southern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:671-675. [PMID: 28963596 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen and pigs are the main reservoir of it in their tonsils. As Brazil is a large producer and exporter of pork meat and information regarding this pathogen is still quite scarce, this study aimed at evaluating the direct detection of Y. enterocolitica followed by pathogenic Y. enterocolitica (PYE) determination in tonsils of slaughtered pigs. For this purpose, 400 pig tonsils were collected from 15 farms in four federally certified slaughterhouses in Southern Brazil. Initially, samples were screened using conventional PCR targeting of the 16sRNA gene, followed by multiplex PCR (mPCR) in order to detect three virulence genes (ail, yadA, and virF) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of the ail gene. One hundred and one (25.2%) of the samples tested positive for the 16sRNA gene. However, a PYE was detected in one out of the 101 Y. enterocolitica positive samples. The three virulence genes were determined by mPCR and confirmed by partial DNA sequencing. Thus, a significant occurrence of Y. enterocolitica was observed in pig tonsils from federally inspected slaughterhouses in Brazil, although the presence of pathogenic strains was quite low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Wildemann
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Gava
- , EMBRAPA Suínos e Aves, BR153, Km110, Concórdia, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Danielle Melo
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Ferraz
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Maciel da Costa
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Knackfuss Vaz
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
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17
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Gava D, Souza CK, Mores TJ, Argenti LE, Streck AF, Canal CW, Bortolozzo FP, Wentz I. Dynamics of vanishing of maternally derived antibodies of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 suggests an optimal age for gilts vaccination. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1085-1088. [PMID: 28470582 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (UPV1) infection and consequently the reproductive losses is based on vaccination of all pigs intended for breeding. As maternally derived antibodies (MDA) can interfere with the development of immunity following vaccination, it is important to know the duration of anti-UPV1 MDA to determine the optimal age for the best vaccination efficacy. To elucidate the association between dam and piglet antibody levels against UPV1 and to estimate the decrease rate of MDA, sera and colostrum of 127 gilts (before the first vaccination against UPV1; 15 days after the second vaccine dose; at farrowing; and during the second pregnancy) and sera of 276 piglets (prior to initial colostrum intake; at 7, 21, 57, 87, and 128 days-old) were tested by ELISA. Most gilts (85.8%) had anti-UPV1 antibodies before vaccination and after vaccination all were positive. At 7 days old, the majority of the piglets had anti-UPV1 antibodies, but around 57 days old, only 35.3% were positive and at 87 days old, all were negative. The estimated average half-life of MDA was 29.8 (28.8-30.9) days. A strong correlation was determined between piglet serum at 7 days old with gilt serum at farrowing time (r = 0.77, n = 248, P < 0.001) and with piglet serum at 7 days old with colostrum (r = 0.73, n = 248, P < 0.001). The MDA decreased earlier and the antibody half-life was a little longer than previously reported. Based on these findings, UPV1 vaccination can be performed earlier than usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gava
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Carine Kunzler Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago José Mores
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Espíndola Argenti
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ivo Wentz
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil
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18
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Zanella R, Morés N, Morés MAZ, Peixoto JO, Zanella EL, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Ibelli AMG, Gava D, Cantão ME, Ledur MC. Genome-wide association study of periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) in pigs. Vet Rec 2016; 178:653. [PMID: 27162284 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine periweaning-failure-to-thrive syndrome (PFTS) is a condition that affects newly weaned piglets. It is characterised by a progressive debilitation leading to death, in the absence of infectious, nutritional, management or environmental factors. In this study, we present the first report of PFTS in South America and the results of a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic markers associated with the appearance of this condition in a crossbred swine population. Four chromosomal regions were associated with PFTS predisposition, one located on SSCX, one on SSC8, and the two other regions on SSC14. Regions on SSC8 and SSC14 harbour important functional candidate genes involved in human depression and might have an important role in PFTS. Our findings contribute to the increasing knowledge about this syndrome, which has been investigated since 2007, and to the identification of the aetiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zanella
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - N Morés
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M A Z Morés
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - J O Peixoto
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - E L Zanella
- R. Zanella's present address is College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - J R Ciacci-Zanella
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - A M G Ibelli
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - D Gava
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M E Cantão
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - M C Ledur
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry National Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Multiple divergent lineages challenge the design of cross-protective vaccines and highlight the need for additional surveillance. The evolutionary origins of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus that caused the first outbreak of the 2009 pandemic in Mexico remain unclear, highlighting the lack of swine surveillance in Latin American countries. Although Brazil has one of the largest swine populations in the world, influenza was not thought to be endemic in Brazil’s swine until the major outbreaks of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009. Through phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences of influenza viruses of the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes collected in swine in Brazil during 2009–2012, we identified multiple previously uncharacterized influenza viruses of human seasonal H1N2 and H3N2 virus origin that have circulated undetected in swine for more than a decade. Viral diversity has further increased in Brazil through reassortment between co-circulating viruses, including A(H1N1)pdm09. The circulation of multiple divergent hemagglutinin lineages challenges the design of effective cross-protective vaccines and highlights the need for additional surveillance.
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20
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Zanella R, Gava D, Peixoto JDO, Schaefer R, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Biondo N, da Silva MVGB, Cantão ME, Ledur MC. Unravelling the genetic components involved in the immune response of pigs vaccinated against influenza virus. Virus Res 2015; 210:327-36. [PMID: 26362524 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study for immune response to influenza vaccination in a crossbred swine population was conducted. Swine influenza is caused by influenza A virus (FLUAV) which is considered one of the most prevalent respiratory pathogens in swine worldwide. The main strategy used to control influenza in swine herds is through vaccination. However, the currently circulating FLUAV subtypes in swine are genetically and antigenically diverse and their interaction with the host genetics poses a challenge for the production of efficacious and cross-protective vaccines. In this study, 103 pigs vaccinated with an inactivated H1N1 pandemic virus were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60V2 BeadChip for the identification of genetic markers associated with immune response efficacy to influenza A virus vaccination. Immune response was measured based on the presence or absence of HA (hemagglutinin) and NP (nucleoprotein) antibodies induced by vaccination and detected in swine sera by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELISA assays, respectively. The ELISA test was also used as a measurement of antibody levels produced following the FLUAV vaccination. Associations were tested with x(2) test for a case and control data and using maximum likelihood method for the quantitative data, where a moderate association was considered if p<5×10(-5). When testing the association using the HI results, three markers with unknown location and three located on chromosomes SSCX, SSC14 and SSC18 were identified as associated with the immune response. Using the response to vaccination measured by ELISA as a qualitative and quantitative phenotype, four genomic regions were associated with immune response: one on SSC12 and three on chromosomes SSC1, SSC7, and SSC15, respectively. Those regions harbor important functional candidate genes possibly involved with the degree of immune response to vaccination. These results show an important role of host genetics in the immune response to influenza vaccination. Genetic selection for pigs with better response to FLUAV vaccination might be an alternative to reduce the impact of influenza virus infection in the swine industry. However, these results should to be validated in additional populations before its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Zanella
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, SC, Brazil; Present Address: University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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21
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Gava D, Souza CK, Schaefer R, Vincent AL, Cantão ME, Coldebella A, Ciacci-Zanella JR. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR for detection and quantification of porcine parvovirus 4. J Virol Methods 2015; 219:14-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Schaefer R, Rech RR, Gava D, Cantão ME, da Silva MC, Silveira S, Zanella JRC. A human-like H1N2 influenza virus detected during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in swine in Brazil. Arch Virol 2014; 160:29-38. [PMID: 25209152 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Passive monitoring for detection of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in pigs has been carried out in Brazil since 2009, detecting mostly the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus. Since then, outbreaks of acute respiratory disease suggestive of influenza A virus infection have been observed frequently in Brazilian pig herds. During a 2010-2011 influenza monitoring, a novel H1N2 influenza virus was detected in nursery pigs showing respiratory signs. The pathologic changes were cranioventral acute necrotizing bronchiolitis to subacute proliferative and purulent bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Lung tissue samples were positive for both influenza A virus and A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus based on RT-qPCR of the matrix gene. Two IAVs were isolated in SPF chicken eggs. HI analysis of both swine H1N2 influenza viruses showed reactivity to the H1δ cluster. DNA sequencing was performed for all eight viral gene segments of two virus isolates. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the HA and NA genes clustered with influenza viruses of the human lineage (H1-δ cluster, N2), whereas the six internal gene segments clustered with the A(H1N1)pdm09 group. This is the first report of a reassortant human-like H1N2 influenza virus derived from pandemic H1N1 virus causing an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs in Brazil. The emergence of a reassortant IAV demands the close monitoring of pigs through the full-genome sequencing of virus isolates in order to enhance genetic information about IAVs circulating in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Schaefer
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Genetic and Animal Health Laboratory, Rodovia BR153, Km 110, Concórdia, SC, CEP 89700-000, Brazil,
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Biondo N, Schaefer R, Gava D, Cantão ME, Silveira S, Mores MA, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Barcellos DE. Genomic analysis of influenza A virus from captive wild boars in Brazil reveals a human-like H1N2 influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Este trabalho descreve a colheita adequada de amostras, as técnicas/procedimentos disponíveis para o diagnóstico de influenza A em suínos, assim como os resultados e suas respectivas interpretações, para auxiliar médicos veterinários de campo na identificação dessa doença. Em suínos vivos, as amostras adequadas são: secreção nasal, fluido oral e sangue (soro). Para suínos mortos, colher preferencialmente amostras de pulmão com consolidação cranioventral. Secreção nasal e fragmentos de pulmão refrigerado são utilizados para detectar partícula viral viável (isolamento viral - IV) ou ácido nucleico viral (RT-PCR convencional e RT-PCR em tempo real). As amostras não devem ser congeladas, pois o vírus é inativado a -20°C. A caracterização molecular dos isolados é feita pela análise filogenética obtida pelo sequenciamento de DNA. O soro é utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos (Acs) por meio do teste da inibição da hemaglutinação e ELISA. O fluido oral pode ser utilizado para detecção de anticorpo (ELISA) ou de vírus. Fragmentos de pulmão fixados em formol a 10% são examinados microscopicamente para identificar pneumonia broncointersticial e para detecção de antígeno viral pela imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Para o sucesso do diagnóstico, as amostras devem ser colhidas de suínos que estão preferencialmente na fase aguda da doença, para aumentar as chances de detecção viral. As melhores opções para o diagnóstico de influenza A em suínos vivos são RT-PCR e isolamento viral de amostras de swab nasal ou fluido oral. Pulmão para análise por RT-PCR, isolamento viral ou IHQ é a amostra de escolha em suínos mortos. Testes sorológicos têm valor diagnóstico limitado e são utilizados apenas para determinar o estado imune do rebanho, não indicando doença clínica, pois os Acs são detectados 7-10 dias pós-infecção (fase subaguda). O diagnóstico de influenza é importante para avaliar o envolvimento desse agente no complexo de doença respiratória suína. Além disso, o isolamento do vírus influenza é essencial para o monitoramento dos principais subtipos circulantes em uma determinada região ou país, assim como para a detecção de novos rearranjos virais, já que influenza é considerada uma zoonose.
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Moraes ML, Ribeiro AML, Kessler AM, Ledur VS, Fischer MM, Bockor L, Cibulski SP, Gava D. Effect of CLA on performance and immune response of weanling piglets1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2590-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Moraes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A. M. L. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A. M. Kessler
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V. S. Ledur
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M. M. Fischer
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L. Bockor
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S. P. Cibulski
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D. Gava
- Setor de Suínos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Streck AF, Bonatto SL, Homeier T, Souza CK, Gonçalves KR, Gava D, Canal CW, Truyen U. High rate of viral evolution in the capsid protein of porcine parvovirus. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2628-2636. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.033662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that some parvoviruses exhibit high substitution rates, close to those of RNA viruses. In order to monitor and determine new mutations in porcine parvovirus (PPV), recent PPV field isolates from Austria, Brazil, Germany and Switzerland were sequenced and analysed. These samples, together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, were included in three datasets, consisting of the complete NS1 and VP1 genes and a partial VP1 gene. For each dataset, the nucleotide substitution rate and the molecular clock were determined. Analysis of the PPV field isolates revealed that a recently described amino acid substitution, S436T, appeared to be common in the VP2 protein in the Austrian, Brazilian and German virus populations. Furthermore, new amino acid substitutions were identified, located mainly in the viral capsid loops. By inferring the evolutionary dynamics of the PPV sequences, nucleotide substitution rates of approximately 10−5 substitutions per site per year for the non-structural protein gene and 10−4 substitutions per site per year for the capsid protein gene (for both viral protein datasets) were found. The latter rate is similar to those commonly found in RNA viruses. An association of the phylogenetic tree with the molecular clock analysis revealed that the mutations on which the divergence for both capsid proteins was based occurred in the past 30 years. Based on these findings, it was concluded that PPV variants are continuously evolving and that vaccines, which are based mainly on strains isolated about 30 years ago, should perhaps be updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Streck
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandro Luis Bonatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio12, bloco C, sala 172, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Timo Homeier
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carine Kunzler Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karla Rathje Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gava
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Wageck Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Prédio 42.602, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Heim G, Mellagi A, Bierhals T, Piuco P, Souza L, Gava D, Canal C, Bernardi M, Wentz I, Bortolozzo F. Absorção de IgG via colostro em leitões biológicos e adotados após a uniformização da leitegada. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nove fêmeas de quinto parto (OP5) foram imunizadas com 4mg e 2mg de albumina sérica bovina (BSA) aos 70 e 100 dias de gestação, respectivamente. A uniformização da leitegada foi realizada 4,9±1,9h após o nascimento, antes de os leitões efetuarem a primeira mamada. As leitegadas foram compostas por cinco leitões biológicos (LB) e cinco leitões adotados (LA), com pesos semelhantes ao nascimento. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue dos leitões ao nascimento e 24h após, das fêmeas ao pós-parto e de colostro de cada grupo de tetos ao parto e 24h após. As amostras de soro e colostro foram quantificadas para IgG pelo ELISA indireto. A densidade ótica de IgG anti-BSA (DOIgG-BSA) dos leitões (24h de vida) foi correlacionada com a das fêmeas. A DOIgG-BSA entre LB e LA foi semelhante, assim como entre os grupos de tetos, ao parto e 24h após. Entretanto, ocorreu redução na DOIgG-BSA do parto até 24h após. LB e LA absorveram a mesma quantidade de IgG via colostro, quando a uniformização foi realizada até 5h pós-parto, independentemente do teto em que os leitões mamaram, uma vez que esses possuem a mesma concentração de IgG.
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Streck AF, Gava D, Souza CK, Gonçalves KR, Bortolozzo FP, Wentz I, Canal CW. Presence of porcine parvovirus in sera from pigs is independent of antibody titers. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2011; 124:242-246. [PMID: 22059296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a widespread DNA virus that causes reproductive failure in swine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of PPV in sera of nursery piglets (healthy n = 191 and wasting n = 132) and regularly vaccinated sows (with different parity rank [PR] n = 129), collected from different herds. Altogether, 452 animals were sampled in 27 herds owned by five companies. All sera were analyzed for the presence of PPV DNA by nested-PCR. The samples from sows were in addition tested for the presence of antibodies by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI). PPV DNA was detected in healthy piglets (15.7%), wasting piglets (18.2%) and sows (17.8%). 25 herds had at least one positive sample and four companies had positive animals. The serology revealed that 84.7% of the sows had detectable antibodies and the fourth PR sows had the highest mean PPV antibody titers. Thirteen sows (19.1%) were found to be positive for DNA detection in the presence of high levels of antibody titers (> 512). This finding indicates that PPV DNA can be detected in different swine production categories irrespective of antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Streck
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Gava D, Zanella EL, Morés N, Ciacci-Zanella JR. Transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) by semen and viral distribution in different piglet tissues. Pesq Vet Bras 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2008000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus infections are caused by the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Among six different clinical manifestations involving respiratory, enteric, nervous and reproductive signs, the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is the most important and studied disease. However, reproductive failures associated with PCV2 have been increasingly reported. Some studies have shown the possible contamination of sows by semen of PCV2 positive boars. In order to investigate the transmission of PCV2 by contaminated semen and its ability to infect the sow and piglets, 20 PCV2 negative sows were inseminated, 10 with negative boar semen and 10 with previously nested-PCR tested positive boar semen. The sows were weekly monitored and blood samples were collected. Based on the results, 4 out 20 sows were selected (1 sow was PCR negative and inseminated with a negative semen, 2 sows were PCR negative and inseminated with a positive semen and 1 sow was PCR negative and inseminated with a positive semen, but became PCR positive around the 30 days of pregnancy). After weaning, 12 male piglets, 3 of each sow, were selected and maintained under isolation. In order to investigate which organs harbored the virus, the young pigs were necropsied around 9 months of age. Samples of serum collected monthly were tested by immunocitochemistry (ICC), and all 12 pigs serum converted. Samples of lymphoid, systemic and reproductive organs were analyzed by nested-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Evaluation of the samples by nested-PCR, revealed that several tissues were positive in 10 of 12 pigs, mainly the lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. Various samples were positive by IHC in 8 of 12 piglets, being the lymph nodes, tonsils and bulbourethral glands the most frequently positive. Thus, the results of testing different samples, in the 3 tests (ICC, nested-PCR and IHC) were complementary. These results show that PCV2 transmission through semen to the sows and piglets may occur and may also represent a potential risk for the herd.
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Morés N, Amaral A, Zanella J, Cordebella A, Bordin L, Oliveira S, Gava D, Rangel L. Uso do plasma suíno ultrafiltrado na recuperação de leitões com sinais clínicos de circovirose. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352007000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testou-se o efeito do plasma suíno ultrafiltrado spray-dried, associado a um acidificante comercial na água de bebida para a recuperação de leitões com sinais clínicos da síndrome multissistêmica do definhamento dos suínos (SMDS). Utilizaram-se 40 leitões com sinais clínicos da SMDS, selecionados 20 dias após o alojamento em uma unidade de terminação, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos (T) de 10 leitões cada. No T1, os animais receberam água clorada à vontade (controle); no T2, solução com 2,5% do plasma sangüíneo diluído em água; no T3, acidificante (Selko®) diluído em água na dosagem de 12ml/10l e, no T4, solução com 2,5% do plasma sangüíneo e o acidificante na dose de 12ml/10l, diluídos em água. Os leitões não foram medicados e foram sacrificados aos 28 ou 40 dias de experimento para avaliação sorológica e patológica. Não houve diferença no ganho de peso e na situação clínica-patológica entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, os leitões do T4 estavam em melhor situação clínica-patológica. Os leitões dos quatro tratamentos tiveram boa recuperação, sem terem sido medicados. Observou-se alta freqüência de lesões compatíveis com a SMDS nos pulmões, rins e linfonodos. Concluiu-se que o plasma spray dried associado ao ácido não melhoraram o desempenho e a situação clínica-patológica de leitões com sintomas da SMDS.
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