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Arias RA, Keim JP, Pinto R, Bombal E. Estimation of the economic impact of heat stress on the Chilean dairy regions by using two comfort thermal indices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02709-2. [PMID: 38819444 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to estimate economic losses associated with heat stress in the eight dairy production regions (DPR), defined by the Dairy Chilean Consortium, using two comfort thermal indices, namely, the temperature-humidity index (THI) and the THI adjusted for solar radiation and wind speed (THIa). Hourly records from 19 weather stations (Nov - Mar 2017-2022) were collected to estimate the comfort thermal indices. The economic impact was estimated considering a critical threshold of 65 for both indices and the effect of higher values on loss in milk yield, days open, culling rate, and deaths. There were differences in the number of hours above the threshold among DPRs, independent of the thermal index used (P < 0.01). The greatest values were observed in DPRs I, II, and VIII, which concentrate most dairy cows. Average losses in milk yield were between 2.0 and 6.4 times higher when THIa was used instead of THI, which also depends on the DPR (P < 0.01). These estimations coincide with those observed empirically by producers. The lowest average economic losses per cow during the summer season (5 seasons average) occurred in DPR VI (US $ 91.5), and the highest losses were observed in DPR I (US $ 184.2) both using THIa. At the country level, economic losses fluctuate between US $ 29.0 and 108.4 million per summer season, depending on the comfort thermal index used. Finally, heat stress impacts negatively and significantly the Chilean dairy sector, which is highly dependent on the DPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Arias
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile.
- DeLaval Chile S.A, Regidor Gustavo Binder # 1192, Osorno, 5312273, Osorno, Chile.
| | - J P Keim
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
- DeLaval Chile S.A, Regidor Gustavo Binder # 1192, Osorno, 5312273, Osorno, Chile
| | - R Pinto
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
- DeLaval Chile S.A, Regidor Gustavo Binder # 1192, Osorno, 5312273, Osorno, Chile
| | - E Bombal
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
- DeLaval Chile S.A, Regidor Gustavo Binder # 1192, Osorno, 5312273, Osorno, Chile
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Hernandez AS, Zayas GA, Rodriguez EE, Sarlo Davila KM, Rafiq F, Nunez AN, Titto CG, Mateescu RG. Exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:66. [PMID: 38715151 PMCID: PMC11077762 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around $369 million being lost annually due to reduced performance. Heat stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production levels. Cattle utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal heat. Variation in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater thermotolerance. METHODS This study used 2,401 Brangus cattle from two commercial ranches in Florida. Precise phenotypes that contribute to an animal's ability to manage heat stress were calculated from skin biopsies and included sweat gland area, sweat gland depth, and sweat gland length. All animals were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250K, and BLUPF90 software was used to estimate genetic parameters and for Genome Wide Association Study. RESULTS Sweat gland phenotypes heritability ranged from 0.17 to 0.42 indicating a moderate amount of the phenotypic variation is due to genetics, allowing producers the ability to select for favorable sweat gland properties. A weighted single-step GWAS using sliding 10 kb windows identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining a significant amount of genetic variation. QTLs located on BTA7 and BTA12 explained over 1.0% of genetic variance and overlap the ADGRV1 and CCDC168 genes, respectively. The variants identified in this study are implicated in processes related to immune function and cellular proliferation which could be relevant to heat management. Breed of Origin Alleles (BOA) were predicted using local ancestry in admixed populations (LAMP-LD), allowing for identification of markers' origin from either Brahman or Angus ancestry. A BOA GWAS was performed to identify regions inherited from particular ancestral breeds that might have a significant impact on sweat gland phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the BOA GWAS indicate that both Brahman and Angus alleles contribute positively to sweat gland traits, as evidenced by favorable marker effects observed from both genetic backgrounds. Understanding and utilizing genetic traits that confer better heat tolerance is a proactive approach to managing the impacts of climate change on livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakilah S Hernandez
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel A Zayas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn M Sarlo Davila
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Centers, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Fahad Rafiq
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Estrada-Angulo A, Verdugo-Insúa M, Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Ponce-Barraza E, Mendoza-Cortez D, Ríos-Rincón FG, Monge-Navarro F, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Corona-Gochi L, Plascencia A. Influences of a Supplemental Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (β2 Agonist) on Growth Performance and Carcass Measures of Feedlot Lambs Finished under Conditions of High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1391. [PMID: 38731393 PMCID: PMC11083129 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin male intact lambs (25.12 ± 3.79 kg LW) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Dietary treatments consisted of total mixed corn-based diet supplemented with: (1) no feed additives (Control); (2) 150 mg of essential oils blend plus 0.10 mg of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3/kg diet offered throughout the 70-d experimental period (EOD3); (3) Control diet fed during the first 35 days and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation at 6 mg/kg diet offered during the final 35 days of the experiment (32 days with ZH with a withdrawal 3-d before harvest), and (4) basal diet supplemented with EOD3 during first 35 days finishing, and EOD3 in combination with ZH (EOD3 + ZH) during the subsequent 32-days with ZH withdrawal 3 days before harvest. The temperature-humidity index during the experiment averaged 80.4 ± 3.2. There were no treatment interactions (p > 0.20) on growth performance and carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 did not affect (p = 0.43) dry matter intake (DMI), but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted average daily gain (ADG, 9.2%), gain efficiency (GF, 6.7%), and observed vs. expected dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 4.8%) and for gain (NEg, 6.4%). Supplemental ZH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.50) but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted ADG (14.5%), GF (13%) and observed vs. expected dietary NEm (9%) and NEg (11.7%). Compared to control lambs, the combination of both additives increased ADG (24.9%), GF (21.2%), and observed vs. expected dietary NEm and NEg (14.2% and 18.9%, respectively). There were no treatment interactions on carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, or on gene expression of IGF1, IGF2 and mTOR in longissimus muscle (LM). Supplemental EOD3 increased hot carcass weight (HCW; 4.0%, p < 0.01) but did not affect other carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 decreased (3%, p = 0.03) intestine mass weight (g intestine/kg empty body weight). Supplemental ZH increased HCW (6%, p < 0.01), dressing percentage (1.7%, p = 0.04), and LM area (9.7%, p < 0.01), and decreased kidney-pelvic-fat percentage (16.2%, p < 0.01), fat thickness (14.7%, p = 0.03), and visceral fat. Compared to controls, the combination of EOD3 with ZH increased HCW (10.2%). It is concluded that growth performance responses to supplemental EOD3 and ZH are additive. Both supplements can be fed in combination without detrimental effects on expected benefits when fed separately. In addition, ZH supplementation improves carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Moisés Verdugo-Insúa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Jesús D. Urías-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Elizama Ponce-Barraza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Cortez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco G. Ríos-Rincón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Monge-Navarro
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Luis Corona-Gochi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
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Rodríguez-Godina IJ, García JE, Morales JL, Contreras V, Véliz FG, Macías-Cruz U, Avendaño-Reyes L, Mellado M. Effect of heat stress during the dry period on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein cows. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:883-890. [PMID: 38308728 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of heat stress during the dry period on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein cows in a hot environment. Breeding and milk production records of cows, as well as meteorological data between 2017 and 2020 from a commercial dairy herd (n = 12,102 lactations), were used to determine the relationship between climatic conditions during the dry period (average of the temperature-humidity index (THI) at the beginning, middle, and end of the dry period) and reproductive efficiency and milk yield traits. THI was divided into < 70 (no heat stress), 70-80 (moderate heat stress), and > 80 (severe heat stress). First-service pregnancy rate of cows decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing hyperthermia during the dry period (9.5, 7.3, and 3.4% for THI < 70, 70-80, and > 80, respectively). All-service pregnancy rate was highest (P < 0.01) for cows not undergoing heat stress during the dry period (60.2%) and lowest (42.6%) for cows with severe heat stress during the dry period. Cows not experiencing heat stress during the dry period required a mean ± SD of 5.6 ± 3.8 services per pregnancy compared with 6.5 ± 3.6 (P < 0.01) for cows subjected to THI > 80 during the dry period. Cows not suffering heat stress during the dry period produced more (P < 0.01) 305-day milk (10,926 ± 1206 kg) than cows subjected to moderate (10,799 ± 1254 kg) or severe (10,691 ± 1297 kg) heat stress during the dry period. Total milk yield did not differ (P > 0.10) between cows not undergoing heat stress (13,337 ± 3346 kg) and cows subjected to severe heat stress during the dry period (13,911 ± 4018 kg). It was concluded that environmental management of dry cows during hot months is warranted to maximize reproductive performance and milk yield in the following lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J Rodríguez-Godina
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - José E García
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Juan L Morales
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 27054, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Contreras
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 27054, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Francisco G Véliz
- Department of Veterinary Science, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 27054, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ulises Macías-Cruz
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, 21705, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Leonel Avendaño-Reyes
- Institute of Agriculture Science, Autonomous University of Baja California, 21705, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Miguel Mellado
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315, Saltillo, Mexico.
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Müschner-Siemens T, Palmini A, Heinicke J, Hoffmann G, Belik V, Amon T. Influence of thermal heat load accumulation on daily rumination time of lactating Holstein cows in a zone with temperate climate. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103856. [PMID: 38823216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In the future, conflicts between animal welfare and climate change will gradually intensify. In the present study, we investigated the daily rumination time (RT) of lactating Holstein-Friesian cows in a zone with temperate climate and the effects of heat load duration and heat load intensity. Responses of individual cows to heat load were assessed, adjusting for milk yield, lactation number, days in milk as well as reproductive status and season. A total of 27,149 data points from 183 cows in a naturally ventilated barn in Brandenburg, Germany, were collected from June 2015 to May 2017. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded at eight positions inside the barn every 5 min, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated. Based on THI, the degree of heat load was determined, using critical thresholds of THI = 68, 72, and 80. Daily RT was measured with a microphone-based sensor system (collar) on the cow's neck. The analysis models included autocorrelations in time series as well as individual cow-related effects. With each 5 min exposure to contemporaneous heat load, a decrease of approximately 1.17 min d-1 in RT per cow from non-heat stress to heat stress conditions by exceeding THI ≥68 (p < 0.01). This effect was intensified by exceeding the critical THI thresholds of 68 and 72. As heat load duration and intensity increased, daily RT decreased in comparison to daily RT under non-stress conditions. High-yielding (>38.4 kg milk/day) cows were more influenced in rumination time than low-yielding (≤28.8 kg milk/day) cows. With moderate contemporaneous heat load, RT decreased by 0.14 min d-1 per 5 min in high-yielding cows compared to low-yielding cows under moderate heat load. A decrease of 0.1 min d-1 was found in daily RT of mid-yielding cows. However, the delayed effects of heat load (one to three days after the heat stress event) were associated with days in milk and reproduction status. When the heat load duration lasted for several days, the responses were less pronounced than the impacts of contemporaneous heat load (when the heat stress event lasted for one day). Delayed mild heat load resulted in an increase in RT by 0.13 min d-1 in lactating cows ≤60 DIM. This was also found with delayed moderate heat load. Lactating cows ≤60 DIM showed a rise of 0.09 min d-1 in RT. RT also showed interactions with reproduction status of cows under delayed moderate heat stress. Lactating cows with ≤180 days of pregnancy showed an increase of 0.61 min d-1 in RT. Similarly, cows with >180 days of pregnancy had 0.64 min d-1 more RT compared to non-pregnant cows. Further analysis with higher temporal resolution of RT than data accumulation in 24-h blocks as well as the assessment of the correlation between feed composition, intake and rumination will elucidate the influence of heat load on daily RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Müschner-Siemens
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department Sensors and Modelling, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrea Palmini
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department Sensors and Modelling, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Heinicke
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department Sensors and Modelling, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Gundula Hoffmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department Sensors and Modelling, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vitaly Belik
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Veterinary Public Health, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department Sensors and Modelling, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Vinet A, Mattalia S, Vallée R, Bertrand C, Barbat A, Promp J, Cuyabano BCD, Boichard D. Effect of temperature-humidity index on the evolution of trade-offs between fertility and production in dairy cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:23. [PMID: 38553689 PMCID: PMC10979633 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current context of climate change, livestock production faces many challenges to improve the sustainability of systems. Dairy farming, in particular, must find ways to select animals that will be able to achieve sufficient overall production while maintaining their reproductive ability in environments with increasing temperatures. With future forecasted climate conditions in mind, this study used data from Holstein and Montbeliarde dairy cattle to: (1) estimate the genetic-by-temperature-humidity index (THI) interactions for female fertility, and (2) evaluate the production-fertility trade-off with increasing values of THI. RESULTS Two-trait random regression models were fitted for conception rate (fertility) and test-day protein yield (production). For fertility, genetic correlations between different THI values were generally above 0.75, suggesting weak genotype-by-THI interactions for conception rate in both breeds. However, the genetic correlations between the conception rate breeding values at the current average THI (THI = 50, corresponding to a 24-h average temperature of 8 °C at 50% relative humidity) and their slopes (i.e., potential reranking) for heat stress scenarios (THI > 70), were different for each breed. For Montbeliarde, this correlation tended to be positive (i.e., overall the best reproducers are less affected by heat stress), whereas for Holstein it was approximately zero. Finally, our results indicated a weak antagonism between production and fertility, although for Montbeliarde this antagonism intensified with increasing THI. CONCLUSIONS Within the range of weather conditions studied, increasing temperatures are not expected to exacerbate the fertility-production trade-off. However, our results indicated that the animals with the best breeding values for production today will be the most affected by temperature increases, both in terms of fertility and production. Nonetheless, these animals should remain among the most productive ones during heat waves. For Montbeliarde, the current selection program for fertility seems to be adequate for ensuring the adaptation of fertility traits to temperature increases, without adverse effects on production. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn for Holstein. In the future, the incorporation of a heat tolerance index into dairy cattle breeding programs would be valuable to promote the selection of animals adapted to future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Vinet
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | | | | | - Anne Barbat
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Beatriz C D Cuyabano
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Kim H, Jo JH, Lee HG, Park W, Lee HK, Park JE, Shin D. Inflammatory response in dairy cows caused by heat stress and biological mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300719. [PMID: 38527055 PMCID: PMC10962848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change increases global temperatures, which is lethal to both livestock and humans. Heat stress is known as one of the various livestock stresses, and dairy cows react sensitively to high-temperature stress. We aimed to better understand the effects of heat stress on the health of dairy cows and observing biological changes. Individual cows were divided into normal (21-22 °C, 50-60% humidity) and high temperature (31-32 °C, 80-95% humidity), respectively, for 7-days. We performed metabolomic and transcriptome analyses of the blood and gut microbiomes of feces. In the high-temperature group, nine metabolites including linoleic acid and fructose were downregulated, and 154 upregulated and 72 downregulated DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) were identified, and eighteen microbes including Intestinimonas and Pseudoflavonifractor in genus level were significantly different from normal group. Linoleic acid and fructose have confirmed that associated with various stresses, and functional analysis of DEG and microorganisms showing significant differences confirmed that high-temperature stress is related to the inflammatory response, immune system, cellular energy mechanism, and microbial butyrate production. These biological changes were likely to withstand high-temperature stress. Immune and inflammatory responses are known to be induced by heat stress, which has been identified to maintain homeostasis through modulation at metabolome, transcriptome and microbiome levels. In these findings, heat stress condition can trigger alteration of immune system and cellular energy metabolism, which is shown as reduced metabolites, pathway enrichment and differential microbes. As results of this study did not include direct phenotypic data, we believe that additional validation is required in the future. In conclusion, high-temperature stress contributed to the reduction of metabolites, changes in gene expression patterns and composition of gut microbiota, which are thought to support dairy cows in withstanding high-temperature stress via modulating immune-related genes, and cellular energy metabolism to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Maddahi A, Saberivand A, Hamali H, Jafarpour F, Saberivand M. Exploring the impact of heat stress on oocyte maturation and embryo development in dairy cattle using a culture medium supplemented with vitamins E, C, and coenzyme Q10. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103759. [PMID: 38035528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a significant factor affecting the fertility of dairy cattle due to the generation of free radicals. In assisted reproductive techniques, the inclusion of protective antioxidants becomes crucial to mitigate potential cellular damage. This study aimed to explore the impact of supplementing vitamins E, C, and coenzyme Q10 into the oocyte culture medium, with the goal of ameliorating the adverse effects of heat stress on oocyte maturation and embryo development in dairy cattle. A group of fifty Holstein dairy cows were synchronized, and their oocytes were harvested using the ovum pick-up method. High-quality oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, utilizing a culture medium containing, no supplements (Group 1), 100 μM of vitamins E (Group 2) and C (Group 3), along with 50 μM of coenzyme Q10 (Group 4). The ensuing zygotes were cultured, and the ensuing embryos were evaluated for blastocyst formation by the seventh day. An analysis of the blastocysts' inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells was also conducted. The findings revealed that the group receiving supplementation of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 exhibited significantly higher maturation and cleavage rates in comparison to both the control and the vitamin C groups. Furthermore, the count of ICM, TE, and blastocyst cells was notably elevated in the vitamin E supplemented group when compared to the control group. In summary, the effectiveness of vitamin E in enhancing IVM, IVF, and embryo development under conditions of heat stress surpassed that of vitamin C and coenzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Maddahi
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Adel Saberivand
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hamali
- Theriogenology Section, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Embryology, Royan Biotechnology Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Saberivand
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Feltes GL, Negri R, Raidan FSS, Viana AFP, Feres LFR, Ribeiro VMP, Cobuci JA. Impact of heat stress on genetic evaluation of oocyte and embryo production in Gir dairy cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 56:7. [PMID: 38063913 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and selecting genotypes tolerant to heat stress might improve reproductive traits in dairy cattle, including oocyte and embryo production. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was used, via random regression models, to investigate the impact of heat stress on genetic parameters and breeding values of oocyte and embryo production in Gir dairy cattle. We evaluated records of total oocytes (TO), viable oocytes (VO), cleaved embryos (CE), and viable embryos (VE) from dairy Gir donors. Twenty-four models were tested, considering age at ovum pick-up (AOPU) and THI means as a regressor in the genetic evaluation. We computed THI in eight periods, from 0 to 112 days before ovum pick-up, which were adjusted by different orders of Legendre polynomials (second, third, and fourth). The best-fit model according to Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and Model Posterior Probabilities (MPP) considered Legendre polynomials of third order and THI means of 112 days for TO, fourth order and 56 days for VO, second order and 28 days for CE, and second order and 42 days for VE, respectively. The heritability (h2) estimates across AOPU and THI scales ranged from 0.34 to 0.62 for TO, 0.31 to 0.58 for VO, 0.26 to 0.39 for CE, and 0.15 to 0.26 for VE, respectively. The fraction of the phenotypic variance explained by the permanent environment in different AOPU and THI scales ranged from 0.03 to 0.25 for TO, 0.05 to 0.26 for VO, 0.09 to 0.36 for CE, and 0.15 to 0.27 for VE, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation between the estimated breeding values in different AOPU and THI scale from the top 5% sires and females ranged from 0.18 to 0.90 for TO, 0.31 to 0.95 for VO, 0.14 to 0.85 for CE, and 0.47 to 0.94 for VE, respectively. The h2 estimates for all evaluated traits varied from moderate to high magnitude across AOPU and THI scales, indicating that genetic selection can result in rapid genetic progress for the evaluated traits. There was a reranking among the best animals in different AOPU and THI. It is possible to select dairy Gir cattle tolerant to heat stress to improve oocyte and embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani Luis Feltes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Negri
- Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Girolando, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Alexandra Fabielle Pereira Viana
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaime Araújo Cobuci
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, no 7.712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
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10
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Morshedy SA, Zahran SM, Sabir SA, El-Gindy YM. Effects of increasing levels of orange peel extract on kit growth, feed utilization, and some blood metabolites in the doe rabbits under heat stress conditions. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1532-1543. [PMID: 35176970 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2038615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
One of the most severe consequences of climate change on the rabbit production sector is heat stress. Dietary supplementation of phytochemicals could alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on rabbits. Thirty-six V-line rabbit does with average live body weight (LBW) of 2.672 ± 0.031 kg were randomly allocated into three experimental groups as follows: the control group (OPE0) and the OPE2.5 and OPE5 groups were orally administered orange peel extract (OPE) at doses of 2.5 and 5 mL/doe. The increasing OPE levels significantly improved LBW at partum (p = 0.002) and weaning (p = 0.004), daily and total feed intake from pregnancy until weaning (p = 0.007), daily milk yield per doe at 7th and 14th days (p ≤ 0.05), and milk efficiency (p = 0.001). Litter size at 1st-28th days, litter weight gain, survival rate, and kit weight gain at 21st-28th days of heat-stressed doe rabbits were significantly improved with OPE treatments. The treatment of OPE5 significantly decreased serum glucose, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of rabbits. The increasing OPE levels decreased significantly total lipid and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increased (p = 0.001) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in heat-stressed rabbits. In conclusion, the treatment of OPE improved feed utilization, milk efficiency, and reproductive performance and alleviated the drastic impacts of heat stress on rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Abdelrahman Morshedy
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soliman Mohamed Zahran
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salem Abdulnabi Sabir
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Bieda, Libya
| | - Yassmine Moemen El-Gindy
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Amorim HCS, Ashworth AJ, O'Brien PL, Thomas AL, Runkle BRK, Philipp D. Temperate silvopastures provide greater ecosystem services than conventional pasture systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18658. [PMID: 37907572 PMCID: PMC10618464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Management and design affect systems' ability to deliver ecosystem services and meet sustainable intensification needs for a growing population. Soil-plant-animal health evaluations at the systems level for conventional and silvopastoral environments are lacking and challenge adoption across temperate regions. Impacts of silvopasture on soil quality, microclimate, cattle heat stress, forage quality and yield, and cattle weight gain were compared to a conventional pasture in the mid-southern US. Here, we illustrate silvopastures have greater soil organic carbon, water content, and overall quality, with lower temperatures (soil and cattle) than conventional pastures. Forage production and cattle weight gains were similar across systems; yet, conventional pasture systems would need approximately four times more land area to yield equivalent net productivity (tree, nuts, forage, and animal weight) of one ha of silvopasture. Temperate silvopastures enhanced delivery of ecosystem services by improving soil quality and promoting animal welfare without productivity losses, thus allowing sustainable production under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C S Amorim
- USDA ARS Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Amanda J Ashworth
- USDA ARS Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Peter L O'Brien
- USDA ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and The Environment, 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Andrew L Thomas
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Southwest Research Extension and Education Center, University of Missouri, Mt. Vernon, MO, 65712, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 231 ENGR Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Dirk Philipp
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, AFLS B114, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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12
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Rodríguez-González D, Guerrero Legarreta I, Chay-Canul A, Hernández-Avalos I, Napolitano F, García-Herrera R, Pereira AMF, Domínguez-Oliva A, Casas-Alvarado A, Reyes-Sotelo B, Mota-Rojas D. Thermal Balance in Male Water Buffaloes Transported by Long and Short Journeys. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3274. [PMID: 37893998 PMCID: PMC10603650 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport is a stressor that can cause physiological and metabolic imbalances in livestock, resulting in stress-induced hyperthermia. In water buffaloes, studies regarding the thermal state of animals during mobilization are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the thermal response of 1516 water buffaloes using infrared thermography (IRT) during 15 short trips (783 animals, 60,291 records, average duration = 50.33 min ± 5.48 min) and 14 long trips (733 animals, 56,441 records, average duration = 13.31 h ± 47.32 min). The surface temperature was assessed in 11 regions (periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, lower eyelid, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic) during seven phases from pasture to post-transport. It was found that the surface temperature of the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic regions was significantly higher during SJs (+3 °C) when compared to LJs (p < 0.0001). In particular, the frontal-parietal region had a significant increase of 10 °C during the post-transport phase (p < 0.0001) in both groups, recording the highest temperatures during this phase. Likewise, a strong positive significant correlation between the different regions was found (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001). It is worth mentioning that the herding, loading, pre-, and post-transport phases were the ones where the greatest thermal response was recorded, possibly due to the influence of human interaction. Finally, a strong positive correlation (r above 0.9, p > 0.001) between the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, pinna, and pelvic limb was found. According to the results, SJ could be considered a stressful event that hinders thermal generation, contrarily to LJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Master in Science Program [Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Isabel Guerrero Legarreta
- Department of Biotechnology: Food Science, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa Campus (UAM-I), Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Department of Biological Science, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán 04510, Mexico
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ricardo García-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Brenda Reyes-Sotelo
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior, and Animal Welfare Assessment, Department of Animal Production and Agriculture (DPAA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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13
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Alam MS, Velayudhan SM, Dey DK, Adilieme C, Malik PK, Bhatta R, König S, Schlecht E. Urbanisation threats to dairy cattle health: Insights from Greater Bengaluru, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:350. [PMID: 37796345 PMCID: PMC10556117 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex urbanisation dynamics, on the one hand, create a high demand for animal products, and on the other hand put enormous pressure on arable land with negative consequences for animal feed production. To explore the impact of accelerated urbanisation on dairy cattle health in urban farming systems, 151 farmers from different parts of the Greater Bengaluru metropolitan area in India were individually interviewed on aspects addressing cattle management and cattle health. In addition, 97 samples of forages from the shores of 10 different lakes, and vegetable leftovers used in cattle feeding were collected for nutritional analysis. Along with the use of cultivated forages, crop residues, and concentrate feed, 47% and 77% of the farmers occasionally or frequently used lake fodder and food leftovers, respectively. Nutritionally, lake fodder corresponded to high-quality pasture vegetation, but 43% of the samples contained toxic heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead above official critical threshold levels. Therefore, lake fodder may affect cows' health if consumed regularly; however, heavy metal concentrations varied between lakes (P < 0.05), but not between fodder types (P > 0.05). Although 60% of the interviewed farmers believed that their cows were in good health, logit model applications revealed that insufficient drinking water supply and the use of lake fodder negatively impacted cattle health (P < 0.05). While it remains unknown if regular feeding of lake fodder results in heavy metal accumulation in animal products, farmers and farm advisors must address this and other urbanization-related challenges to protect cattle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahin Alam
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstraße 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | - Debpriyo Kumar Dey
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Chiamaka Adilieme
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstraße 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP), Hosur Road, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390, Gießen, Germany
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstraße 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany.
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14
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Chai J, Long X, Wu P, Wang J, Wu X, Tu Z, Wei M, Guo Z, Zhang T, Chen L. Lactobacillus sp. participated in the adaptation of Rongchang piglets to cold stress. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:392-402. [PMID: 38028206 PMCID: PMC10666660 DOI: 10.17221/54/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rongchang piglets were easily induced to cold stress and diarrhoea in the winter when raised in an open hog house. However, they also gradually recovered under mid-cold stress. Other studies have suggested gut microbiome might be involved in the host energy metabolism to relieve stress. To study how to adapt Rongchang piglets to cold stress by gut microbiome, thirty Rongchang piglets were randomly divided into a mild cold stress group and a control group for 30 consecutive days. The findings revealed that the piglets had low growth performance and a high diarrhoea rate and mortality rate during the first half of the cold treatment, but subsequently stabilised. The level of cortisol (COR) also displayed a similar trend. In the mild cold stress group, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae significantly increased on day 15, and the predominant bacterial on day 30 was Lactobacillus sp. Our results indicated that the Rongchang piglet's production performance and health were impaired at the start of the mild cold stress. However, as time passed, the body could progressively adapt to the low temperature, and Lactobacillus sp. participated in this process. This study provides new insight into how to alleviate health damage caused by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Xi Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Pingxian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Tu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Wei
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Zongyi Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Tinghuan Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
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15
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Dean L, Tarpoff AJ, Nickles K, Place S, Edwards-Callaway L. Heat Stress Mitigation Strategies in Feedyards: Use, Perceptions, and Experiences of Industry Stakeholders. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3029. [PMID: 37835635 PMCID: PMC10572074 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to: (1) understand heat mitigation strategies currently used and recommended by feedyard operators, veterinarians, and nutritionists, (2) understand their perceptions of heat mitigation strategies related to cattle health, performance, welfare, and carcass quality, (3) quantify the frequency of extreme heat events, and (4) understand industry needs associated with heat stress mitigation strategies. An online survey was shared via 11 industry association listservs. Descriptive statistics were performed on 56 responses (n = 22 operators, 26 veterinarians and eight nutritionists). Thematic analysis was performed on free-response questions. Sixteen (72.7%) operators, 23 (88.5%) veterinarians and eight (100%) nutritionists utilized at least one heat mitigation strategy. "Changing processing and shipping hours" (n = 42, 75%) had the most "strongly agree" responses when asked about strategy effectiveness. The majority of respondents agreed that heat stress negatively impacts cattle health, performance, and welfare (Mean ± SD; ≥7.8 ± 2.6 for all roles). Forty-two (75%) respondents experienced cattle death loss from extreme heat events. Thematic analysis indicated that respondents perceived pen infrastructure and water/feed management as important considerations for better mitigating heat stress impacts. When asked what resources would be helpful, respondents indicated research and data regarding the effectiveness of various strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dean
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Anthony J. Tarpoff
- Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | | | - Sara Place
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Lily Edwards-Callaway
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.D.); (S.P.)
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16
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Jeon E, Jang S, Yeo JM, Kim DW, Cho K. Impact of Climate Change and Heat Stress on Milk Production in Korean Holstein Cows: A Large-Scale Data Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2946. [PMID: 37760346 PMCID: PMC10525807 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of heat stress on milk production in Korean Holstein cows using large-scale data. Heat stress was assessed using the temperature-humidity index (THI). Weather records (2016 to 2020) were collected from 70 regional weather stations using an installed automated surface observing system (ASOS). A dataset of 2,094,436 milk production records from 215,276 Holstein cows obtained from the Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement Center was analyzed. Stepwise selection was used to select the input variables, including the daily maximum THI (THI_max). Least-squares means were calculated for milk yield, fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM), fat and protein yield, fat-to-protein ratio, solids not fat, and lactation persistency. Segmented linear regression analysis determined the break points (BPs) of the THI_max. Over the five years, heat stress exposure increased, particularly from May to September. This study identified BPs around THI_max of 80-82 for milk yield and FPCM. Similar patterns for other milk traits were observed, which significantly decreased beyond their respective BPs. These findings indicate that THI variations adversely affect milk yield and composition in dairy cows, highlighting the importance of appropriate feeding management strategies to ensure the optimal productivity of Holstein cows under varying climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Jeon
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungho Jang
- Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Dairy Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joon-Mo Yeo
- Department of Dairy Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwanghyun Cho
- Department of Dairy Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
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17
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, da Silva ÉBR, Barbosa AVC, Sousa CEL, de Carvalho KC, dos Santos MRP, Neves KAL, Martorano LG, Camargo Júnior RNC, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2735. [PMID: 37685000 PMCID: PMC10487038 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Lower Amazon mesoregion, there are basically three types of production systems: the traditional (without shade and no bathing area), the silvopastoral (with shade and no bathing area), and the integrated (with shade and bathing area). It is considered that the type of production system influences the thermal comfort and productivity of cattle, so this research aims to evaluate the influence of these three types of production systems on the thermoregulation of Nellore cattle. The experiment was carried out on a rural property for raising cattle, located in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period (June/July). Thirty bovine males (not castrated, aged between 18 and 20 months, average weight of 250 ± 36 kg, body condition score of 3.5, clinically healthy) were randomly divided into three groups: Silvopastoral System-SS (n = 10), Traditional System-TS (n = 10), and Integrated System-IS (n = 10). Climate variables were collected (air temperature (AT °C), relative humidity (RH %), wind speed (WS, m/s), solar radiation (SR), black globe temperature (BGT °C), and physiological parameters, such as respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT)) at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., and 12 a.m. to determine the thermal comfort situation of the animals. Thermographic images of the environment and animals were captured in order to obtain the body surface temperature (BST) through infrared thermography. The Benezra Thermal Comfort Index (BTCI), Environmental Stress Index (ESI), Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI), and Iberian Heat Tolerance Index (Iberian HTI) were used. The results showed that the silvopastoral system, with shading by chestnut trees and an ample vegetative area, presented better thermal conditions, with an average of 28.98 °C, in comparison with the traditional system (35.93 °C) and the integrated one (34.11 °C). It was observed that the body surface temperature of cattle did not differ significantly between the anatomical regions of the body and the studied systems (p > 0.05). As for the respiratory rate, the traditional system registered higher values, with an average of 41 movements per minute, indicating possible thermal stress (p < 0.05). The thermal comfort indices revealed that all systems presented moderate stress conditions during times of higher solar intensity. It is concluded that the silvopastoral system proved to be more favorable for cattle, providing shade and reducing thermal stress, which may have a positive impact on animal welfare and productivity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | - Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil; (C.E.L.S.); (K.C.d.C.)
| | - Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, Brazil; (C.E.L.S.); (K.C.d.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (É.B.R.d.S.); (R.N.C.C.J.); (J.d.B.L.-J.)
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Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Calderón-Garay E, Ramírez-Santiago L, Valdés-García YS, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Essential Oils Combined with Vitamin D3 or with Probiotic as an Alternative to the Ionophore Monensin Supplemented in High-Energy Diets for Lambs Long-Term Finished under Subtropical Climate. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2430. [PMID: 37570239 PMCID: PMC10417138 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with natural additives such as essential oils (EO) or probiotics has resulted in comparable growth performance to that of supplemental monensin in fattening lambs in hot environments. Supra-supplementation levels of vitamin D3 improved the carcass weight and dressing percentage of steers fattened under tropical conditions. We hypothesized that certain combinations of these natural additives could be complementary. For this reason, a feeding trial was carried out using 48 Pelibuey × Katahdin non-castrated male lambs (107 ± 14 d age; 17.9 ± 2.51 kg LW). Lambs were fed an 88:12 concentrate to forage ratio basal diet supplemented (dry matter basis, DMI) with: (1) no additive (CON); (2) 28 mg monensin/kg diet (MON); (3) 150 mg of essential oils containing a combination of thymol, eugenol, vanillin, guaiac, and limonene plus 0.12 mg vitamin D3 (EO + D3)/kg diet; and (4) 300 mg of essential oils containing a combination of carvacrol and cynamaldehyde plus 2 g probiotic (2.2 × 108 CFU of bacillus subtilis/kg diet, EO + BS). Lambs were grouped by initial weight and assigned within six weight groupings to 24 pens (2 lambs/pen, 6 replicas per treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The experiment lasted 121 days. Daily maximal THI exceeded the 80 "danger or "emergency" range for 119 days of the 121 days of the trial. Lambs supplemented with MON had similar DMI, growth performance, and dietary energetics to those of CON lambs. Lambs supplemented with EO + BS had a greater (9.2%, p ≤ 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than the CON and MON groups due to enhanced (10.2%, p ≤ 0.05) dry matter intake. Thus, gain efficiency (GF) and estimated dietary energy were similar for CON, MON, and EO + BS. Lambs receiving EO + D3 had similar (0.254 vs. 0.262 kg/d) ADG but a lower DMI (8%, p < 0.05) compared with EO + BS lambs. Consequently, GF and estimated dietary net energy were greater (4.9 and 3.7%, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) for EO + D3 lambs. Even when ambient heat load was elevated, the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy (observed-to-expected dietary net energy) was close to 1.00 (0.992) expected for EO + D3 lambs. In contrast, efficiency of energy utilization was depressed by -4.4% for lambs on the other treatments. Compared with the other treatments, lambs receiving EO + D3 had greater longissimus muscle area (5.6%, p < 0.05) and lower kidney pelvic fat (21.8%, p ≤ 0.05). There were no treatment effects on shoulder tissue composition or whole cuts (expressed as % of cold carcass weight). Compared to CON, lambs that were fed with natural additives showed 3.5% lower (p ≤ 0.05) intestine mass. All supplemental additives decreased visceral fat mass, which was minimal with EO + D3 treatment. Combinations of essential oils with vitamins or probiotics were superior to antibiotic monensin in finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combining EO with probiotics promoted DM intake and gain but not gain efficiency, while combining EO with vitamin D3 supra-supplementation increased dietary energy efficiency and improved some carcass characteristics in lambs fattening under high ambient heat loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Jesús D. Urías-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Garay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Laura Ramírez-Santiago
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Yissel S. Valdés-García
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
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19
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Khan I, Mesalam A, Heo YS, Lee SH, Nabi G, Kong IK. Heat Stress as a Barrier to Successful Reproduction and Potential Alleviation Strategies in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2359. [PMID: 37508136 PMCID: PMC10376617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the adverse effects of global warming on all living beings have been unanimously recognized across the world. A high environmental temperature that increases the respiration and rectal temperature of cattle is called heat stress (HS), and it can affect both male and female reproductive functions. For successful reproduction and fertilization, mature and healthy oocytes are crucial; however, HS reduces the developmental competence of oocytes, which compromises reproduction. HS disturbs the hormonal balance that plays a crucial role in successful reproduction, particularly in reducing the luteinizing hormone and progesterone levels, which leads to severe problems such as poor follicle development with a poor-quality oocyte and problems related to maturity, silent estrus, abnormal or weak embryo development, and pregnancy loss, resulting in a declining reproduction rate and losses for the cattle industry. Lactating cattle are particularly susceptible to HS and, hence, their reproduction rate is substantially reduced. Additionally, bulls are also affected by HS; during summer, semen quality and sperm motility decline, leading to compromised reproduction. In summer, the conception rate is reduced by 20-30% worldwide. Although various techniques, such as the provision of water sprinklers, shade, and air conditioning, are used during summer, these methods are insufficient to recover the normal reproduction rate and, therefore, special attention is needed to improve reproductive efficiency and minimize the detrimental effect of HS on cattle during summer. The application of advanced reproductive technologies such as the production of embryos in vitro, cryopreservation during the hot season, embryo transfer, and timed artificial insemination may minimize the detrimental effects of HS on livestock reproduction and recover the losses in the cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman Mesalam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yun Seok Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cartwright SL, Schmied J, Karrow N, Mallard BA. Impact of heat stress on dairy cattle and selection strategies for thermotolerance: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1198697. [PMID: 37408833 PMCID: PMC10319441 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a problem that causes many environmental issues that impact the productivity of livestock species. One of the major issues associated with climate change is an increase of the frequency of hot days and heat waves, which increases the risk of heat stress for livestock species. Dairy cattle have been identified as being susceptible to heat stress due to their high metabolic heat load. Studies have shown heat stress impacts several biological processes that can result in large economic consequences. When heat stress occurs, dairy cattle employ several physiological and cellular mechanisms in order to dissipate heat and protect cells from damage. These mechanisms require an increase and diversion in energy toward protection and away from other biological processes. Therefore, in turn heat stress in dairy cattle can lead numerous issues including reductions in milk production and reproduction as well as increased risk for disease and mortality. This indicates a need to select dairy cattle that would be thermotolerant. Various selection strategies to confer thermotolerance have been discussed in the literature, including selecting for reduced milk production, crossbreeding with thermotolerant breeds, selecting based on physiological traits and most recently selecting for enhanced immune response. This review discusses the various issues associated with heat stress in dairy cattle and the pros and cons to the various selection strategies that have been proposed to select for thermotolerance in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Cartwright
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Schmied
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Niel Karrow
- Centre of Genetics of Improvement of Livestock, Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre of Genetics of Improvement of Livestock, Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Wang S, Li Q, Peng J, Niu H. Effects of Long-Term Cold Stress on Growth Performance, Behavior, Physiological Parameters, and Energy Metabolism in Growing Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101619. [PMID: 37238048 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a long-term cold environment on growth performance, physiological behavior, biochemical blood indexes, and hormone levels in Simmental cattle. Thirty Simmental crossbred bulls (weight = 350 ± 17 kg, 13-14 months old) were selected for two trials at autumn suitable temperatures (A-ST) and winter cold temperatures (W-CT) (15 cattle per season). The results showed that compared with the A-ST group, dry matter intake (p < 0.05) and feed:gain (p < 0.01) of the W-CT group increased, while body weight (p < 0.01) and average daily gain (p < 0.01) significantly decreased. Long-term cold stress also increased lying time (p < 0.01), feeding time (p < 0.05), and pulse rate (p < 0.01) in the W-CT group, while the rumen volatile fatty acids content (p < 0.01) and apparent digestibility of nutrients (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. In terms of blood indicators, long-term cold stress increased the concentrations of glucose, glucose metabolic enzymes, glucocorticoids, triiodothyronine, and tetraiodothyronine in the plasma of the W-CT group (p < 0.05), but the levels of triglycerides, β-hydroxybutyrate, propionate, insulin, and growth hormone were decreased (p < 0.01). In summary, long-term cold stress may inhibit the digestive function of Simmental cattle and enhance the body's energy metabolism and stress hormone imbalance, ultimately damaging the normal growth and development of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jianhao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Huaxin Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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22
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Asmarasari SA, Azizah N, Sutikno S, Puastuti W, Amir A, Praharani L, Rusdiana S, Hidayat C, Hafid A, Kusumaningrum DA, Saputra F, Talib C, Herliatika A, Shiddieqy MI, Hayanti SY. A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1098-1108. [PMID: 37576750 PMCID: PMC10420724 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1098-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C-25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country's increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiananda Arta Asmarasari
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Azizah
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutikno Sutikno
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wisri Puastuti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Azhar Amir
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Praharani
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Supardi Rusdiana
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Hidayat
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anita Hafid
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferdy Saputra
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chalid Talib
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Herliatika
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sari Yanti Hayanti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
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23
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Wijffels G, Sullivan ML, Stockwell S, Briscoe S, Anderson ST, Li Y, de Melo Costa CC, McCulloch R, Olm JCW, Cawdell-Smith J, Gaughan JB. Comparing the responses of grain fed feedlot cattle under moderate heat load and during subsequent recovery with those of feed restricted thermoneutral counterparts: metabolic hormones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:897-911. [PMID: 37041373 PMCID: PMC10167112 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We set out to determine the impact of moderate heat load on the plasma concentrations of a suite of hormones involved in regulating energy metabolism and feed intake. The responses of the thermally challenged (TC) feedlot steers were compared to those of feed restricted thermoneutral (FRTN) steers. Two sequential cohorts of twelve 518 ± 23 kg Black Angus steers on finisher grain ration were housed in climate-controlled rooms (CCR) for 18 days and returned to outdoor pens for 40 days. The TC group was subjected to a diurnal range of 28-35 °C for 7 days (Challenge) but held in thermoneutral conditions beforehand (PreChallenge), and in Recovery (after Challenge). The FRTN group was held in thermoneutral conditions and feed restricted throughout. Blood was collected over the three periods in CCR and two periods in outdoor pens for 40 days (PENS and Late PENS). Plasma concentrations of prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and thyroxine (T4) were determined during the five periods. Whilst the pituitary hormones were relatively stable, there were differences in plasma leptin, adiponectin and T4 between the two groups during Challenge and Recovery, and occasionally in PENS. The interaction of the plasma hormone concentrations and rumen temperature and DMI were also investigated. Whilst the positive relationship between DMI and leptin was confirmed, we found a strong negative relationship between adiponectin and rumen temperature, and a strong positive relationship between adiponectin and dry matter intake (DMI) in the TC steers only.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia.
| | - M L Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - S Stockwell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - S Briscoe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - S T Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Y Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - C C de Melo Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R McCulloch
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - J C W Olm
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J Cawdell-Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
| | - J B Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia
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24
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Moore SS, Costa A, Penasa M, Callegaro S, De Marchi M. How heat stress conditions affect milk yield, composition, and price in Italian Holstein herds. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4042-4058. [PMID: 37080787 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
An edited data set of 700 bulk and 46,338 test-day records collected between 2019 and 2021 in 42 Holstein-dominated farms in the Veneto Region (North of Italy) was available for the present study. Information on protein, fat and lactose content, somatic cell count, and somatic cell score was available in bulk milk as well as individual test-day records, whereas urea concentration (mg/dL), differential somatic cell count (%), and milk yield (kg/d) were available for test-day records only. Milk features were merged with meteorological data retrieved from 8 weather stations located maximum 10 km from the farms. The daily and weekly temperature-humidity index (THI; wTHI) and maximum daily (MTHI) and weekly temperature-humidity index were associated with each record to evaluate the effect of heat stress conditions on milk-related traits through linear mixed models. Least squares means were estimated to evaluate the effect of THI and, separately, of MTHI on milk characteristics correcting for conventional systematic factors. Overall, heat stress conditions lowered the quality of both bulk milk and test-day records, with fat and protein content being greatly reduced, and somatic cell score and differential somatic cell count augmented. Milk yield was not affected by either THI or MTHI in this data set, but the effect of elevated THI and MTHI was in general stronger on test-day records than on bulk milk. Farm-level economic losses of reduced milk quality rather than reduced yield as consequence of elevated THI or MTHI was estimated to be between $23.57 and $43.98 per farmer per day, which is of comparable magnitude to losses resulting from reduced production. Furthermore, MTHI was found to be a more accurate indicator of heat stress experienced by a cow, explaining more variability of traits compared with THI. The negative effect of heat stress conditions on quality traits commences at lower THI/MTHI values compared with milk yield. Thus, a progressive farmers' income loss due to climatic changes is already a reality and it is mainly due to deterioration of milk quality rather than quantity in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sterup Moore
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - M Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Callegaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Firenze, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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da Silva WC, da Silva JAR, Camargo-Júnior RNC, da Silva ÉBR, dos Santos MRP, Viana RB, Silva AGME, da Silva CMG, Lourenço-Júnior JDB. Animal welfare and effects of per-female stress on male and cattle reproduction—A review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1083469. [PMID: 37065229 PMCID: PMC10102491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1083469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress causes severe effects on the wellbeing and reproduction of cattle, including changes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, generating great concerns, which last for decades. In cattle, the occurrence of thermal stress is associated with a reduction in the production of spermatozoids and ovarian follicles, in addition to the increase of major and minor defects in gametes or in their intermediate stages. In bovine females able to reproduce, a reduction in the rate of estrus manifestation and an increase in embryonic mortality has been observed. Therefore, keeping animals on good welfare conditions, with water supply and in shaded areas can favor the improvement of different reproductive parameters. For all this, the present study aimed to gather, synthesize and argue recent studies related to animal welfare, focusing on the effects of thermal stress on the reproduction of cattle, aiming to support possible strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of thermal stress in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Welligton Conceição da Silva
| | | | - Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Batista Viana
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Institute of Animal Health and Production, Belém, Brazil
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, Brazil
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Arias RA, Mader TL. Evaluation of Four Thermal Comfort Indices and Their Relationship with Physiological Variables in Feedlot Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071169. [PMID: 37048425 PMCID: PMC10093631 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic data from different years and experiments conducted in Nebraska were used to estimate four comfort thermal indices and to predict the risk of heat stress and its relationship with pen surface temperature (PST). These included the temperature–humidity index (THI), the adjusted THI (THIadj), the heat load index (HLI), and THIPST using pen surface temperature instead of air temperature. Respiration rates (RR), tympanic temperatures (TT), and panting scores (PS) were also collected in each year and from each location. During 2007, mean values of soil temperature, PST, outgoing shortwave radiation, and TT were greater than in 2008 (p < 0.011). However, HLI, relative humidity, and incoming and outgoing long-wave radiation were greater during 2008 (p < 0.012). The TT was positively correlated with THIPST and THIadj (0.75 and 0.70, respectively), whereas RR had a moderate correlation with THI, THIadj, and HLI (0.32, 0.27, and 0.34, respectively; p < 0.001). Thermal comfort indices showed a positive correlation with TT, especially the THIPST. These relationships vary with location. However, all of the thermal indices showed weak relationships with the observed RR. This would confirm the different roles that TT and RR have as indicators of heat stress. The THIPST was the best index for predicting TT across years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Arias
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-632293337
| | - Terry L. Mader
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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Macciotta NPP, Dimauro C, Degano L, Vicario D, Cesarani A. A transgenerational study on the effect of great-granddam birth month on granddaughter EBV for production traits in Italian Simmental cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2588-2597. [PMID: 36870840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance is a key feature of resilient animals. Offspring of animals that suffer environmental stress during pregnancy could show physiological, morphological, and metabolic modifications. This is due to a dynamic reprogramming of the epigenetics of the mammalian genome that occurs in the early life cycle. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the extent of the transgenerational effect of heat stress during the pregnancy of Italian Simmental cows. The effects of dam and granddam birth months (as indicator of pregnancy period) on their daughter and granddaughter estimated breeding values (EBV) for some dairy traits as well as of the temperature-humidity index (THI) during the pregnancy were tested. A total of 128,437 EBV (milk, fat, and protein yields, and somatic cell score) were provided by the Italian Association of Simmental Breeders. The best birth months (of both dam and granddam) for milk yield and protein yield were May and June, whereas the worst were January and March. Great-granddam pregnancies developed during the winter and spring seasons positively affected the EBV for milk and protein yields of their great-granddaughters; in contrast, pregnancies during summer and autumn had negative effects. These findings were confirmed by the effects of maximum and minimum THI in different parts of the great-granddam pregnancy on the performances of their great-granddaughters. Thus, a negative effect of high temperatures during the pregnancy of female ancestors was observed. Results of the present study suggest a transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in Italian Simmental cattle due to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò P P Macciotta
- Departimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Corrado Dimauro
- Departimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Degano
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Daniele Vicario
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Alberto Cesarani
- Departimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragín IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed.
Materials and Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs).
Results: The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs.
Conclusion: The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
Keywords: climate change, external environment, heat shock proteins, heat stress, mRNA, temperature-humidity index.
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Taborda-Charris JC, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Naranjo-Gomez JS, Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rondón-Barragán IS. Expression profiling of heat shock protein genes in whole blood of Romosinuano cattle breed. Vet World 2023; 16:601-606. [PMID: 37041848 PMCID: PMC10082753 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.601-606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Heat shock proteins are highly conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones expressed in response to thermal stress. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of genes related to the heat stress response in whole blood obtained from the Romosinuano creole breed. Materials and Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the transcript of hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, and hsf1 in the whole blood of Romosinuano under different temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Results The expression levels of the hsp70 and hsf1 genes at the high-THI level were higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0003, respectively) than those at the low-THI level. In addition, no differences in the expression levels of the hsp60 and hsP90 genes were detected between the two THIs. Conclusion The overexpression of hsf1 and hsp70 genes play an important role in protecting cells from damage induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Taborda-Charris
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Roy Rodríguez-Hernández
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Heinner Fabian Uribe-García
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Rafael J. Otero-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Mejoramiento Genético Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Sucre, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Corporación de Ciencias Biotecnológicas, Embriotecno, Montería 230029, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Juan Sebastian Naranjo-Gomez
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
| | - Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Altos the Santa Helena, A.A 546, Ibagué 730006299, Colombia
- Poultry Research Group, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, Postal Code 730006299, Ibagué-Tolima, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán, e-mail: Co-authors: JCT: , RR: , MPH: , HFU: , RJO: , JSN: , KJL:
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Comparative assessment of thermoadaptibility between Tharparkar and Sahiwal cattle based on biochemical profile and gene expression pattern under heat stress. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Vinet A, Mattalia S, Vallée R, Bertrand C, Cuyabano BCD, Boichard D. Estimation of genotype by temperature-humidity index interactions on milk production and udder health traits in Montbeliarde cows. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:4. [PMID: 36658500 PMCID: PMC9854084 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress negatively influences cattle welfare, health and productivity. To cope with the forecasted increases in temperature and heat waves frequency, identifying high-producing animals that are tolerant to heat is of capital importance to maintain milk production. This study, based on the joint analysis of on-farm performance and weather data, had two objectives: (1) to determine the response in production performances (milk, fat and protein yields, fat and protein contents) and udder health (somatic cell score) to temperature-humidity index (THI) variations in Montbeliarde cows, and (2) to estimate the interactions between genotype and THI, to enable the identification of the most adapted animals for facing the expected increases in temperature. RESULTS Test-day records from first and second lactations from 2016 to 2020 were associated with the average THI during the three days before the test-day record. In total, 446,717 test-day records from 55,650 cows in first lactation and 457,516 test-day records from 58,229 cows in second lactation were analysed. The optimal THI was below 55 (i.e. ~ 12-13 °C) for all traits. Individual responses to THI were estimated by random regression models, which also included individual responses to days in milk. Regardless of the stage of lactation, genetic correlations along the THI gradient were above 0.80, which suggests that genotype-by-THI interactions were weak for production and udder health traits. Nevertheless, a variability in the individual slope of decay could be highlighted at high THI. The genetic correlation between production level at moderate THI and the slope at high THI was negative, while for somatic cell score, it was positive, indicating that heat stress amplifies the susceptibility to mastitis. CONCLUSIONS The optimal THI for French Montbeliarde cows is below 55 for production and udder health traits. Genetic-by-THI interactions are weak in French Montbeliarde cows for production and udder health traits, but not all animals react in the same way to high temperatures. Even if there is little room for improvement, using a heat tolerance index in cattle selection would be relevant to anticipate the expected increases in temperature. Further investigations are needed to interpret this variability on production traits. However, the current selection for mastitis resistance seems appropriate to adapt cattle to rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Vinet
- grid.420312.60000 0004 0452 7969Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Mattalia
- grid.425193.80000 0001 2199 2457Institut de l’Elevage, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Roxane Vallée
- grid.425193.80000 0001 2199 2457Institut de l’Elevage, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Christine Bertrand
- grid.507621.7INRAE, US310 CTIG, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Beatriz C. D. Cuyabano
- grid.420312.60000 0004 0452 7969Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- grid.420312.60000 0004 0452 7969Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Effects of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Raised in the Confined System: A Scientometric Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030350. [PMID: 36766240 PMCID: PMC9913584 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, heat stress is a growing problem for the dairy industry. Based on this, annual economic losses in the dairy sector are verified mainly on a large scale. Despite several publications on thermal stress in lactating dairy cows in confinement systems, there need to be published reviews addressing this issue systematically. Our objective was to scientometrically analyze the effects of heat stress in dairy cows managed in a confinement system. Based on PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based on inclusion criteria for heat stress in a confinement system. Data was obtained from the Web of Science. A total of 604 scientific articles published between 2000 and April 2022 were considered. Data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace. The results pointed to a significant increase in studies on heat stress in lactating cows housed in confinement systems. The main research areas were Agriculture, Dairy Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences. The USA showed the highest concentration of studies (31.12%), followed by China (14.90%). Emerging themes included heat stress and behavior. The most influential journals were the Journal of Dairy Science and the Journal of Animal Science. The top authors were L. H. Baumgard and R. J. Collier. The leading institutions were the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, followed by the State University System of Florida and the University of Florida. The study maps the significant research domains on heat stress of lactating cows in confinement systems, discusses implications and explanations and highlights emerging trends.
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Garro-Aguilar Y, Fernández R, Calero S, Noskova E, Gulak M, de la Fuente M, Adell A, Simón E, Muzquiz U, Rodríguez-Piñón D, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Acute Stress-Induced Changes in the Lipid Composition of Cow's Milk in Healthy and Pathological Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030980. [PMID: 36770644 PMCID: PMC9921061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Producers of milk and dairy products have been faced with the challenge of responding to European society's demand for guaranteed animal welfare production. In recent years, measures have been taken to improve animal welfare conditions on farms and evaluation systems have been developed to certify them, such as the Welfare Quality® protocol. Among the markers used for this purpose, acute phase proteins stand out, with haptoglobin being one of the most relevant. However, the diagnostic power of these tools is limited and more sensitive and specific technologies are required to monitor animal health status. Different factors such as diet, stress, and diseases modify the metabolism of the animals, altering the composition of the milk in terms of oligosaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Thus, in order to study oxidative-stress-associated lipids, a collection of well-characterized milk samples, both by veterinary diagnosis and by content of the acute stress biomarker haptoglobin, was analyzed by mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence. Two lipid species (sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine) were identified as potential biomarkers of health status in dairy cows. Both lipids allow for the discrimination of milk from sick animals and also milk from those with stress. Moreover, lipidomics revealed specific lipid profiles depending on the origin of the samples and the degree of freedom of the animals on the farm. These data provide evidence for specific lipid changes in stressed animals and open up the possibility that haptoglobin could also affect lipid metabolism in cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Garro-Aguilar
- Research and Development Department, Amaltea Research, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Silvia Calero
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ekaterina Noskova
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Miguel de la Fuente
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Albert Adell
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria IBBTEC-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Edurne Simón
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Department, Amaltea Research, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-4316-577; Fax: +34-94-6013-455
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Izquierdo VS, Silva JVL, Ranches J, Santos GCM, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Bittar JHJ, Vendramini JMB, Moriel P. Removing maternal heat stress abatement during gestation modulated postnatal physiology and improved performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef offspring. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad250. [PMID: 37542727 PMCID: PMC10414138 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and immune response of beef calves born from Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers provided pre- and postpartum heat abatement on pasture. On 83 ± 4 d prepartum (day 0), 64 Brangus crossbred beef heifers (~¼ B. indicus) were stratified by body weight (BW; 454 ± 37 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.3 ± 0.28; scale 1 to 9), and then allocated into 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and 4 heifers per pasture). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (8 pastures per treatment) and consisted of heifers provided (SH) or not (NSH) access to artificial shade (4.5 m2 of shade area per heifer) from 83 d prepartum to 50 d postpartum (days 0 to 133). Heifers and calves were managed similarly from day 133 until the start of the breeding season (day 203). Calves were weaned on day 203 (at 119 ± 19 d of age), limit-fed the same drylot diet at 3.5% of BW (DM basis) days 209 to 268 (3 to 4 calves per pen; 8 pens per treatment) and vaccinated against respiratory disease pathogens on days 222 and 236. Heifer intravaginal temperatures from days 35 to 42 were lower (P ≤ 0.03) for NSH vs. SH heifers from 0000 to 0800 hours but greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NSH vs. SH heifers from 1100 to 1800 hours. Heifer intravaginal temperature from days 126 to 132 did not differ (P = 0.99) between NSH and SH heifers. Heifers assigned to NSH had greater respiration rates from days 20 to 96 (P ≤ 0.0007), greater plasma concentration of cortisol on days 35 (P = 0.07) and 55 (P = 0.02), less plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on days 35 (P = 0.10), 55, and 133 (P ≤ 0.05), and less BCS from days 55 to 203 (P ≤ 0.01) compared to SH heifers. Calves born from NSH heifers had less birth BW (P = 0.05), greater overall plasma haptoglobin concentrations (P = 0.05), greater seroconversion against bovine respiratory syncytial virus on day 222 (P = 0.02), tended to have greater ADG from days 209 to 268 (P = 0.07), and had greater BW on day 268 (P = 0.05) compared to SH offspring. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and serum titers against other respiratory disease pathogens did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between NSH and SH offspring. Hence, removing maternal access to artificial shade: (1) increased prepartum intravaginal temperature and plasma concentrations of cortisol but reduced prepartum BCS and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 in grazing B. indicus-influenced beef heifers; and (2) increased post-weaning BW gain and had positive effects on humoral immune response of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius S Izquierdo
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - João V L Silva
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Giovanna C M Santos
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | | | | | - João H J Bittar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - João M B Vendramini
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Philipe Moriel
- IFAS – Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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Bibliographic mapping of Heat tolerance in Farm Animals. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Elayadeth-Meethal M, Keambou Tiambo C, Poonkuzhi Naseef P, Saheer Kuruniyan M, K Maloney S. The profile of HSPA1A gene expression and its association with heat tolerance in crossbred cattle and the tropically adapted dwarf Vechur and Kasaragod. J Therm Biol 2023; 111:103426. [PMID: 36585090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Certain livestock breeds are adapted to hot and humid environments, and these breeds have genetics that could be useful in a changing climate. The expression of several genes has been identified as a useful biomarker for heat stress. In this study, the responses to heat exposure of heat-tolerant Vechur and Kasaragod cattle found in Kerala state in India (also known as dwarf Bos taurus indicus) were compared to crossbred cattle (crosses of Bos t. taurus with Bos t. indicus). At various time points during heat exposure, rectal temperature and the expression of HSPA1A were determined, and the relationship between them was characterized. We characterized HSPA1A mRNA in Vechur cattle and performed molecular clock analysis. The expression of HSPA1A between the lineages and at different temperature humidity index (THI) was significant. There were significant differences between the expression profiles of HSPA1A in Kasaragod and crossbred (p < 0.01) and Vechur and crossbred (p < 0.01) cattle, but no significant difference in expression was observed between Vechur and Kasaragod cattle. The genetic distance between Vechur, B. grunniens, B. t. taurus, and B. t. indicus was 0.0233, 0.0059, and 0.007, respectively. The genetic distance between Vechur and the Indian dwarf breed Malnad Gidda was 0.0081. A molecular clock analysis revealed divergent adaptive evolution of Vechur cattle to B. t. taurus, with adaptations to the high temperatures and humidity that are prevalent in their breeding tract in Kerala, India. These results could also prove useful in selecting heat-tolerant animals using HSPA1A as a marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Elayadeth-Meethal
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
| | - Christian Keambou Tiambo
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
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Davis M, Sullivan P, Bretón J, Dean L, Edwards-Callaway L. Investigating the impact of pre-slaughter management factors on indicators of fed beef cattle welfare – a scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1073849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe impact of pre-slaughter management practices on fed beef cattle welfare is a multifaceted and well researched subject matter. Factors such as transportation, handling, lairage time and several animal characteristics can directly impact the cattle’s behavior, mobility, blood lactate and cortisol levels, likelihood of injury and ultimately overall cattle welfare. Animal welfare continues to grow as a critical component of slaughter in the fed beef industry, yet a formal review of related research does not exist.MethodsA scoping review was performed in order to (1) catalog pre-slaughter management factors that impact fed beef cattle welfare at the time of slaughter, (2) identify indicators used to evaluate the impact of pre-slaughter management on fed beef cattle welfare at slaughter, and (3) gain further understanding of the relationship between pre-slaughter management factors and fed beef cattle welfare outcome indicators at slaughter. Three data bases were ultimately searched: PubMed, CAB Abstracts, and Web of Science. The concepts used in the database searches were the population of interest (i.e., fed beef cattle), the location in the supply chain, preslaughter management factors, and welfare outcomes.ResultsA total of 69 studies were included in final analysis for this review, including studies from six geographic regions around the globe. Studies involving alternative slaughter methods (e.g., religious stunning or mobile slaughter) were not included in the formal analysis of this review, but still merited an in-depth discussion within this paper. After reviewing the studies, a total of 37 pre-slaughter factors and 69 indicators of welfare were measured throughout. Pre-slaughter management factors were then categorized by: animal characteristics; environmental characteristics; handling; lairage; transportation; and water/feed. Outcomeindicators of welfare were categorized into: behaviors; health, injury and disease; physiological; and stunning and insensibility.DiscussionPre-slaughter factors relating to transportation and handling, and welfare outcomes measured by behaviors and physiology were of the most researched throughout the studies.The results of this review offer a catalogue of commonly researched factors and indicators of welfare measured during the pre-slaughter phase, as well ast he relationships between them. This review also offers further substantial evidence that a multitude of events in the pre-slaughter phase affect fed beef cattle welfare and a collection of highly applicable welfare indicators to expedite further research on the effects of pre-slaughter factors and the application of improved practices.
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Pires BV, Freitas AC, Klein JL, de Melo TP, Stafuzza NB, de Paz CCP. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of core body temperature in taurine and zebuine cattle under different environmental conditions. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao S, Shan C, Wu Z, Feng M, Song L, Wang Y, Gao Y, Guo J, Sun X. Fermented Chinese herbal preparation: Impacts on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant capacity of late-lactation cows under heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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da Silva JAR, Pantoja MHDA, da Silva WC, de Almeida JCF, Noronha RDPP, Barbosa AVC, Lourenço Júnior JDB. Thermoregulatory reactions of female buffaloes raised in the sun and in the shade, in the climatic conditions of the rainy season of the Island of Marajó, Pará, Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998544. [PMID: 36176704 PMCID: PMC9513356 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffaloes are well-adapted to hot, humid climates and muddy terrain, however they show signs of thermal discomfort when exposed to direct sunlight due to their specific structural features such as dark skin, small number of sweat glands/skin area and thick skin. Epidermis layer of the skin, making heat dissipation difficult. The study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort of female buffaloes raised in traditional and silvopastoral systems, on the island of Marajó, Pará, during the rainy season of the year. The experiment was carried out in Cachoeira do Arari, Retiro Grande, Marajó, Pará (00°55'37.814424”S 48°43'48.143060”W). Twenty female Murrah buffaloes, aged between 2 and 3years and average weight of 282 ± 29 kg, were used. They were fed on pasture and divided into two groups: WS group (with shade) and NS group (without shade). The WS group (n = 10) remained grazing in a silvopastoral system, with access to the shade of red Jambeiro (Syzygium malaccense) trees. The NS group (n = 10) was kept in grazing, in a traditional system, without access to the shade of trees or shades. The physiological variables rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and body surface temperature (BST) (forehead, left side of the thorax and left flank) were measured at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, and 22:00 h. At the same times, data on air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed (WSP), solar radiation (SR) and Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) were also recorded. THI, WSP and SR were higher at 14:00 h (P < 0.05). At 10:00, 14:00, and 18:00 h there was difference of RT between treatments (P < 0.05), where animals of the NS group had the highest values. In the NS group, the highest value of RT was observed at 14:00 h (39.38 ± 0.43°C), when THI and SR were higher. At 10:00 and 14:00 h, BST was higher in the NS group (p < 0.05), of 34,55 ± 1.03 and 35.35 ± 1.51°C, respectively, and both groups had the highest value of BST at those same times. There was difference of the RR between treatments at 10:00 h and 14:00 h (p < 0.05), where the highest values were found in the NS group (33.71 ± 7.58 e 50.40 ± 18.41 mov./min., respectively). Even in the rainy season of the year, the climatic conditions of Ilha do Marajó are unfavorable to the welfare of buffaloes, especially at 2:00 pm, when the SR is higher. Thus, the use of the system with access to shade, such as silvopastoral, is recommended, in order to provide greater thermal comfort to animals and improve their productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Health and Production, Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belem, Brazil
| | | | - Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Department of Health and Production, Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belem, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Welligton Conceição da Silva
| | - Jean Caio Figueiredo de Almeida
- Department of Health and Production, Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belem, Brazil
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Yusuf M, Swanson KC, Hulsman Hanna LL, Degges R, Bauer ML. Solar radiation and temperature as predictor variables for dry matter intake in beef steers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.975093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation may be an important weather variable that has not been included in previous dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models. Solar radiation affects the overall effective ambient temperature, which in turn contributes to the net gain of heat in an animal’s body. This experiment examined ambient temperature and solar radiation with DMI in beef steers. Data from 790 beef steers collected between 2011 and 2018 using an Insentec feeding system was used. Daily data was condensed into weekly averages (n = 13,895 steer-weeks). The variables considered for this study were DMI (2.50 to 23.60 kg/d), body weight (197 to 796 kg), calculated dietary energy density (NEm; 0.79 to 2.97 Mcal/kg), ambient temperature (-23.73 to 21.40°C), two-week lag of ambient temperature (-20.73 to 23.56°C), monthly lag of ambient temperature (-17.95 to 22.74°C), solar radiation (30.8 to 297.1 W/m2), two-week lag of solar radiation (34.6 to 272 W/m2) and monthly lag of solar radiation (43.7 to 256.6 W/m2). Residuals of DMI fitting week of the year (fixed) and experiment (random) were used to generate scatter plots with other explanatory variables to identify if non-linear relationships existed. Body weight and NEm had both linear and quadratic relationships with DMI, while the relationship with DMI for other variables was linear. The MIXED procedure of SAS with Toeplitz variance-covariance structure was used to determine the final model of DMI. After accounting for body weight and NEm in the model, two-week lag of ambient temperature and monthly lag of solar radiation interacted together (P = 0.0001), and this accounted for 0.7790 (R2) variation in DMI and improved the model fit. Therefore, these two variables and their interactions should be considered in DMI prediction equations of beef steers.
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Barreto ADN, Barioni Junior W, Pezzopane JRM, Bernardi ACDC, Pedroso ADF, Marcondes CR, Jacintho MAC, Romanello N, Sousa MAPD, Nanni Costa L, Garcia AR. Thermal comfort and behavior of beef cattle in pasture-based systems monitored by visual observation and electronic device. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Influence of External Thermal Conditions on Temperature–Humidity Parameters of Indoor Air in a Czech Dairy Farm during the Summer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151895. [PMID: 35892545 PMCID: PMC9332405 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The creation and provision of a suitable indoor environment for animals in dairy farms has become increasingly important in recent years, especially in the summer. Greater attention is paid mainly to lactating dairy cows. This research shows that great attention should be paid not only to cowsheds for lactating dairy cows but also to the housing facilities for other categories of cattle kept on farms. In this article, the basic parameters of the thermal state of the environment during the summer period are assessed regarding the housing facilities. The analysis shows that more attention needs to be paid to the housing of calves. In the facilities for calves, the values of the thermal state of the environment were at an extremely dangerous level, especially the high air temperatures, which exceed the recommended limit values. Abstract The aim of this article is to show the relationship between external thermal conditions and the quality of the indoor environment on a dairy farm during the summer. The measurements were carried out on a large dairy farm of Holstein cattle situated in the Czech Republic. The research included the measurement of the cowshed for 440 lactating cows, a milking parlor, a maternity cowshed, a cowshed for dry cows, 69 individual calf hutches, and three outdoor group shelters for calves. The results of the registration measurements of the thermal state parameters outside and inside the buildings were analyzed. The critical and dangerous situations were especially regarding the calves. The highest temperature in the calf hutches was 48 °C with the value of THImax = 90.1, while in the calf group shelters it was 46.9 °C with the value of THImax = 89.4. The research results showed that not only the critical values of temperature and the temperature–humidity index that affect the housed animals are important but also the duration for which the animals are exposed to heat stress. The massive masonry constructions of the milking parlor and also of the cowshed for dry cows dampened the temperature rise in these barns, with good values for the attenuation coefficient.
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Czech B, Szyda J, Wang K, Luo H, Wang Y. Fecal microbiota and their association with heat stress in Bos taurus. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:171. [PMID: 35790909 PMCID: PMC9254560 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans have been influencing climate changes by burning fossil fuels, farming livestock, and cutting down rainforests, which has led to global temperature rise. This problem of global warming affects animals by causing heat stress, which negatively affects their health, biological functions, and reproduction. On the molecular level, it has been proved that heat stress changes the expression level of genes and therefore causes changes in proteome and metabolome. The importance of a microbiome in many studies showed that it is considered as individuals’ “second genome”. Physiological changes caused by heat stress may impact the microbiome composition. Results In this study, we identified fecal microbiota associated with heat stress that was quantified by three metrics – rectal temperature, drooling, and respiratory scores represented by their Estimated Breeding Values. We analyzed the microbiota from 136 fecal samples of Chinese Holstein cows through a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Statistical modeling was performed using a negative binomial regression. The analysis revealed the total number of 24 genera and 12 phyla associated with heat stress metrics. Rhizobium and Pseudobutyrivibrio turned out to be the most significant genera, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the most significant phyla. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three heat stress indicators quantify different metabolic ways of animals’ reaction to heat stress. Other studies already identified that those genera had significantly increased abundance in mice exposed to stressor-induced changes. Conclusions This study provides insights into the analysis of microbiome composition in cattle using heat stress measured as a continuous variable. The bacteria highly associated with heat stress were highlighted and can be used as biomarkers in further microbiological studies.
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Park GW, Ataallahi M, Ham SY, Oh SJ, Kim KY, Park KH. Estimating milk production losses by heat stress and its impacts on
greenhouse gas emissions in Korean dairy farms. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:770-781. [PMID: 35969695 PMCID: PMC9353352 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Meteorological disasters caused by climate change like heat, cold waves, and
unusually long rainy seasons affect the milk productivity of cows. Studies have
been conducted on how milk productivity and milk compositions change due to heat
stress (HS). However, the estimation of losses in milk production due to HS and
hereby environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are yet to be
evaluated in Korean dairy farms. Dairy milk production and milk compositions
data from March to October 2018, provided by the Korea Dairy Committee (KDC),
were used to compare regional milk production with the temperature-humidity
index (THI). Raw data for the daily temperature and relative humidity in 2018
were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This data was
used to calculate the THI and the difference between the maximum and minimum
temperature changing rate, as the average daily temperature range, to show the
extent to which the temperature gap can affect milk productivity. The amount of
milk was calculated based on the price of 926 won/kg from KDC. The results
showed that the average milk production rate was the highest within the THI
range 60–73 in three regions in May: Chulwon (northern region), Hwasung
(central region), and Gunwi (southern region). The average milk production
decreased by 4.96 ± 1.48% in northern region, 7.12 ±
2.36% in central region, and 7.94 ± 2.57% in southern
region from June to August, which had a THI range of 73 or more, when compared
to May. Based on the results, the level of THI should be maintained like May. If
so, the farmers can earn a profit of 9,128,730 won/farm in northern region,
9,967,880 won/farm in central region, and 12,245,300 won/farm in southern
region. Additionally, the average number of cows raised can be reduced by 2.41
± 0.35 heads/farm, thereby reducing GHG emissions by 29.61 ± 4.36
kg CO2eq/day on average. Overall, the conclusion suggests that
maintaining environmental conditions in the summer that are similar to those in
May is necessary. This knowledge can be used for basic research to persuade
farmers to change farm facilities to increase the economic benefits and improve
animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-woo Park
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mohammad Ataallahi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seon Yong Ham
- Business Support Team, Korea Dairy
Committee, Sejong 30121, Korea
| | - Se Jong Oh
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Jeonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ki-Youn Kim
- Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul
National University of Science & Technology, Seoul
01811, Korea
- Corresponding author: Ki-Youn Kim,
Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul National University of Science &
Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea. Tel: +82-2-970-6376, E-mail:
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyu-Hyun Park,
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8621, E-mail:
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Prevalence of Sole ulcer in Dairy Cows Exposed to Heat Stress. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal thermal effect on the prevalence of the sole ulcer in dairy cows. The observations were performed on a Holstein-Friesian (HF) dairy farm in Eastern Slovakia. The clinical signs of heat stress were recognised in several animals during the afternoon milking on July 8, 2015. The claw examination done three months after the heat stress episode was compared with three examinations: twelve and two months prior to the heat stress and ten months afterward. The orthopaedic examinations were focused on the prevalence of the sole ulcer. Statistical analysis was performed by running a chi-squared test. The temperature-humidity index (THI) on July 8, 2015, was 88. We found 15.2 %, 18.6 %, 28.1 %, and 12.9 % cows with sole ulcer in the autumn 2014, spring 2015, autumn 2015, and spring of the following year, respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of our observations showed that the heat stress in dairy cows can be associated with an increase in the prevalence of the sole ulcer.
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Parrini S, Sirtori F, Fabbri MC, Dal Prà A, Crovetti A, Bozzi R. Effects of a Ceiling Fan Ventilation System and THI on Young Limousin Bulls' Social Behaviour. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101259. [PMID: 35625105 PMCID: PMC9137625 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the relationship between the temperature humidity index (THI) and the behaviour of 24 young fattening Limousin bulls reared in two farms in Tuscany, Italy. In each farm, six animals were undergone to ceiling fans (switched on at THI values up to 72), and six animals represented the control group. The trial lasted three days for two consecutive weeks in August 2020. Behavioural observations were conducted using scan sampling technique and eating, ruminating, drinking, resting and other social activities were registered every 5 min, from 9.30 am to 4.00 pm. Two different microclimatic conditions were evaluated to assess the effect of the ventilation system: normal (THI < 78) and alert (THI ≥ 78) conditions. Results showed that the ventilation system had significant effects increasing inactivity and lying down compared to control groups and decreasing eating and drinking activities. THI alert condition caused a significant decrease in eating and an increase in lying down behaviours. Ventilation system did not influence the animals’ cleanliness. The ceiling fans’ efficiency in changing the behaviour of young fattening bulls was demonstrated but further studies are needed to assess the ventilation system effects, especially during longer heat stress periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Francesco Sirtori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aldo Dal Prà
- Institute of BioEconomy-National Research Council (IBE-CNR), Via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy;
- Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali—CRPA S.p.A, Viale Timavo 43/2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crovetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (S.P.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (R.B.)
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Moriel P, Palmer EA, Oliveira RA, Vedovatto M, Izquierdo VS, Silva HM, Garzon J, Oliveira HMR, Dailey JW, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Martins T, Binelli M, Vendramini JMB. Stair step strategy and immunomodulatory feed ingredient supplementation for grazing heat-stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6562665. [PMID: 35366307 PMCID: PMC9047175 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On day 0 of year 1 and 2, sixty-four Brangus crossbred heifers per year were stratified by initial body weight (BW) and age (mean = 257 ± 20 kg and 271 ± 22 d) and allocated into 16 bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (4 heifers/pasture/yr). Treatments were randomly allotted to pastures in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 pastures/treatment/yr). Treatments consisted of concentrate dry matter (DM) supplementation at 1.50% of BW from day 0 to 100 (CON) or concentrate DM supplementation at 1.05% of BW from day 0 to 49 and 1.95% of BW from day 50 to 100 (SST). Then, each respective supplementation strategy was added or not with immunomodulatory feed ingredient from day 0 to 100 (OMN; 4 g/45 kg of BW). Heifers were assigned to an estrus synchronization protocol from day 100 to 114. Heifers detected in estrus from day 111 to 114 were inseminated (AI) 12 h after estrus detection. Heifers not detected in estrus were timed AI on day 114. All heifers were exposed to Angus bulls from day 120 to 210 (1 bull/pasture). Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion × hour were detected (P < 0.0001) only for intravaginal temperature from day 26 to 30, which were the least (P ≤ 0.03) for SST heifers offered OMN supplementation and did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among all remaining treatments from 0830 to 1600 h. Effects of supplementation strategy × OMN inclusion and OMN inclusion were not detected (P ≥ 0.12) for any variable, except for percentage of heifers detected in estrus, which was greater (P = 0.01) for heifers supplemented with vs. without OMN. Total concentrate DM offered from day 0 to 100 and heifer BW on days 0 and 56 did not differ (P ≥ 0.49) between CON and SST heifers, but SST heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) on days 100 and 210 compared to CON heifers. Body surface temperature on day 25 and plasma IGF-1 concentrations on day 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Percentage of pubertal heifers, heifers detected in estrus, and pregnancy to AI did not differ (P = 0.36) between SST and CON heifers but final pregnancy percentage was greater (P = 0.04) for SST vs. CON heifers. Thus, OMN supplementation decreased intravaginal temperature of SST heifers but failed to improve their growth and reproduction, whereas the SST strategy improved body thermoregulation, growth, and final pregnancy percentage of heat stressed Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers compared to a constant concentrate supplementation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Rhaiza A Oliveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Vinicius S Izquierdo
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Hiran M Silva
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Jaime Garzon
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - H M R Oliveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
| | - Jeffery W Dailey
- Livestock Issues Research Unit, ARS-USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | | | | | - Thiago Martins
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Science, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Science, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Joao M B Vendramini
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL 33865, USA
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Cartwright S, Schmied J, Livernois A, Mallard BA. Physiological Response to Heat Stress in Immune Phenotyped Canadian Holstein Dairy Cattle in Free-Stall and Tie-Stall Management Systems. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.852958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate in northern latitude countries, such as Canada, are changing twice as fast as in lower latitude countries. This has resulted in an increased frequency of hot days and longer more frequent heat waves. Canadian dairy cattle are therefore at increased risk of heat stress, especially those in management systems without the infrastructure to properly cool animals. Cattle experiencing heat stress undergo numerous physiological changes. Previous research has shown dairy cattle classified as high immune responders have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in respiration rate, rectal temperature, and rumination activity in immune phenotyped dairy cattle during a natural heat stress challenge. Additionally, the relationship between physiological response and temperature humidity index was compared between free-stall and tie-stall management systems. A total of 27 immune phenotyped (nine high, nine average and nine low) lactating dairy cattle were housed in a free-stall during the summer months for a duration of 27 days. Concurrently, two groups of six (three high and three low) immune phenotyped lactating dairy cattle were housed in a tie-stall for a duration of 12 days. Rumination was measured for the duration of the study for all cattle using SCR Heatime rumination collars. Respiration was measured using EMKA respiration bands for cattle housed in the tie-stalls, and manually [once in the morning (a.m.) and once in the afternoon (p.m.)] for cattle in free-stall management. Rectal temperature was measured using a digital thermometer twice daily (a.m. and p.m.) in both free-stall and tie-stall management systems. The temperature humidity index was recorded every 15 min in both management systems for the duration of the study. The results showed that high responders had significantly lower respiration rates compared to low responders when the temperature humidity index was high in both free-stall and tie-stall management systems, but there was no difference in rectal temperature, or rumination activity between phenotypes. Temperature humidity index values in the free-stall were significantly lower than the tie-stall. These findings increase the evidence that high immune responders are more likely to be tolerant to heat stress than low immune responders.
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Nelis JLD, Bose U, Broadbent JA, Hughes J, Sikes A, Anderson A, Caron K, Schmoelzl S, Colgrave ML. Biomarkers and biosensors for the diagnosis of noncompliant pH, dark cutting beef predisposition, and welfare in cattle. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2391-2432. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food St Lucia Australia
| | | | | | - Anita Sikes
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Coopers Plains Australia
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