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Sameed Saher A, Raza A, Qiu F, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Qayyum A, Idris M, Almutairi MH, Li K. Detection of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A as biomarkers in naturally infected Mycoplasma bovis calves. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107215. [PMID: 38604328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector of Pakistan is increasing rapidly and it plays important role both for rural community and national economy. It is estimated that almost 8 million rural people are involved in livestock rearing and earning about 35-40 % of their income from the livestock sector. Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) infection causes significant economic losses in dairy animals especially young calf in the form of clinical illnesses such as pneumonia, poly-arthritis, respiratory distress and mortality. M. bovis is hard to diagnose and control because of uneven disease appearance and it is usually noticed in asymptomatic animals. For the identification of M. bovis in sub-clinical and clinical samples, determination of acute phase proteins i.e., haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important tools for the timely diagnosis of disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of disease and hemato-biochemical changes are considered beneficial tools to control the infectious agent to uplift the economy of the dairy farmers. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 200 calves of Bovidae family. Serum was separated from blood samples to determine the concentration of Hp and SAA, while blood samples were processed to determine hematological changes in blood from calves by using hematological analyzer. The blood plasma obtained from the blood samples was processed to measure oxidative stress factors. Lungs tissues from slaughterhouses/ morbid calves were collected to observe histopathological changes. The results of present study indicated that level of SAA and Hp remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in M. bovis infected calves in comparison to healthy calves. The oxidative stress markers indicated that nitric oxide and MDA levels in the infected calves increased significantly (P < 0.05), while infected claves had considerably lower levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. These findings indicate that oxidative stress play role to increase the level of APPs, while monitoring of APPs levels may serve as a valuable addition to the clinical evaluation of naturally infected calves with M. bovis. The hematological parameters were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Altogether, this study suggests that Hp and SAA are proposed as promising biomarkers for detecting naturally occurring M. bovis infection in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sameed Saher
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province & Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Musadiq Idris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Kamel MS, Davidson JL, Verma MS. Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:627. [PMID: 38396598 PMCID: PMC10885951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host immune system and pathogens during various beef production stages. These interactions present environmental, social, and geographical challenges. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Nevertheless, correct identification of BRD cases remains a daunting challenge for animal health technicians in feedlots. In response to current regulations, there is a growing interest in refining clinical diagnoses of BRD to curb the overuse of antimicrobials. This shift marks a pivotal first step toward establishing a structured diagnostic framework for this disease. This review article provides an update on recent developments and future perspectives in clinical diagnostics and prognostic techniques for BRD, assessing their benefits and limitations. The methods discussed include the evaluation of clinical signs and animal behavior, biomarker analysis, molecular diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, and prognostic modeling. While some techniques show promise as standalone diagnostics, it is likely that a multifaceted approach-leveraging a combination of these methods-will yield the most accurate diagnosis of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Kamel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Josiah Levi Davidson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohit S. Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Bajzert J, Jawor P, Baran R, Stefaniak T. Subcutaneous application of hyperimmune serum against Histophilus somni recombinant proteins affects serum antibody reactivity in beef calves. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:51. [PMID: 38341558 PMCID: PMC10858532 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract diseases cause significant economic loss in beef cattle. This study aimed to determine whether the application of hyperimmune serum (HS) containing antibodies against selected antigens of Gram-negative bacteria would improve the health and growth of different breeds of beef calves kept on three farms. Two recombinant protein antigens (Histophilus somni rHsp60 and rOMP40) were used to immunize four cows to produce HS. Eighty seven beef calves (Charolaise n = 36, Limousine n = 34, and crossbreed n = 17) were included into study. One hundred milliliters of serum were administered subcutaneously to 43 beef calves (Charolaise n = 18, Limousine n = 17, and crossbreed n = 8) twice, between 1 and 5 and 21-28 days of life. Calves were examined three times, and blood samples were taken to evaluate immunoglobulin M, G1, and G2, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and haptoglobin concentrations and reactivity of these Ig classes of antibodies against H. somni rHsp60 and rOMP40. Average daily weight gain during the first month and until weaning was calculated. RESULTS HS showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) reactivity in calf sera against H. somni rHsp60 and OMP40 in IgG1 and IgG2. In experimental calves, compared to control calves, the reactivity of IgG1 against rOMP40 in the second sampling was higher in Limousine calves (p ≤ 0.001) and in the other two herds (p ≤ 0.05). Serum IgG2 antibody activity against H. somni rHsp60 in the second sampling was higher in experimental calves than in control calves in charolaise (p ≤ 0.05) and limousine (p ≤ 0.001) herds. The reactivity of IgG2 against rOMP40 in the second sampling of experimental calves was higher in herds with Charolaise and Limousine calves (p ≤ 0.001) and in crossbred calves (p ≤ 0.05). In the third sampling, serum IgG1 antibody reactivity against rOMP40 in Limousine calves was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the other evaluated parameters, only SAA in the second sampling in the herd with Charolaise calves and heart rate in the herd with Limousine calves were significantly higher in the control calves (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The application of HS to calves in all herds had an impact on specific reactivity in IgG1 and IgG2 classes against H. somni rOMP40 and rHsp60, antigens which were used for serum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bajzert
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawor
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland.
| | - Rafał Baran
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31 Str, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
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Centeno-Martinez RE, Klopp RN, Koziol J, Boerman JP, Johnson TA. Dynamics of the nasopharyngeal microbiome of apparently healthy calves and those with clinical symptoms of bovine respiratory disease from disease diagnosis to recovery. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1297158. [PMID: 38033643 PMCID: PMC10687565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1297158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex in which bacteria in the upper respiratory tract play an important role in disease development. Previous studies have related the presence of four BRD-pathobionts (Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica) in the upper respiratory tract to BRD incidence and mortalities in the dairy and beef cattle industry, but these studies typically only use one time point to compare the abundance of BRD-pathobionts between apparently healthy and BRD-affected cattle. The objective of this study was to characterize the longitudinal development of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome from apparently healthy calves, and in calves with clinical signs of BRD, the microbiota dynamics from disease diagnosis to recovery. Methods Deep nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all calves immediately after transport (day 0). If a calf was diagnosed with BRD (n = 10), it was sampled, treated with florfenicol or tulathromycin, and sampled again 1, 5, and 10 days after antibiotic administration. Otherwise, healthy calves (n = 20) were sampled again on days 7 and 14. Bacterial community analysis was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results The NP microbiome of the healthy animals remained consistent throughout the study, regardless of time. The NP microbiota beta diversity and community composition was affected by tulathromycin or florfenicol administration. Even though BRD-pathobionts were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in BRD-affected animals, no difference was observed in their relative abundance between the BRD-affected and apparently healthy animals. The abundance of BRD-pathobionts was not predictive of disease development while the relative abundance of BRD pathobionts was unique to each BRD-affected calf. Interestingly, at the end of the study period, the genera Mycoplasma was the most abundant genus in the healthy group, while Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in the animals that recovered from BRD. Discussion This study highlights that injected antibiotics seem to improve the NP microbiome composition (higher abundance of Lactobacillus and lower abundance of Mycoplasma), and that the relative abundance of BRD-pathobionts differs between individual calves but is not strongly predictive of BRD clinical signs, indicating that additional factors are likely important in the clinical progression of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca N. Klopp
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jennifer Koziol
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Jacquelyn P. Boerman
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Yang S, Deng F, Li Y, Chai J. The spatial dissimilarities and connections of the microbiota in the upper and lower respiratory tract of beef cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1269726. [PMID: 38029262 PMCID: PMC10660669 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1269726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes morbidity and mortality in cattle. The critical roles of the respiratory microbiota in BRD have been widely studied. The nasopharynx was the most popular sampling niche for BRD pathogen studies. The oral cavity and other niches within the respiratory tract, such as nostrils and lung, are less assessed. In this study, oropharyngeal swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NP), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected from calves located in four countries and analyzed for investigation of the dissimilarities and connections of the respiratory microbiota. The results showed that the microbial diversity, structure, and composition in the upper and lower respiratory tract in beef cattle from China, the USA, Canada, and Italy were significantly different. The microbial taxa for each sampling niche were specific and associated with their local physiology and geography. The signature microbiota for OS, NS, NP, and BAL were identified using the LEfSe algorithm. Although the spatial dissimilarities among the respiratory niches existed, the microbial connections were observed in beef cattle regardless of geography. Notably, the nostril and nasopharynx had more similar microbiomes compared to lung communities. The major bacterial immigration patterns in the bovine respiratory tract were estimated and some of them were associated with geography. In addition, the contribution of oral microbiota to the nasal and lung ecosystems was confirmed. Lastly, microbial interactions were characterized to reveal the correlation between the commercial microbiota and BRD-associated pathogens. In conclusion, shared airway microbiota among niches and geography provides the possibility to investigate the common knowledge for bovine respiratory health and diseases. In spite of the dissimilarities of the respiratory microbiota in cattle, the spatial connections among these sampling niches not only allow us to deeply understand the airway ecosystem but also benefit the research and development of probiotics for BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yikai Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shuli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianmin Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Centeno-Martinez RE, Mohan S, Davidson JL, Schoonmaker JP, Ault A, Verma MS, Johnson TA. The bovine nasal fungal community and associations with bovine respiratory disease. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1165994. [PMID: 37441557 PMCID: PMC10335396 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1165994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Effective identification and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic issue for the dairy and beef cattle industries. Bacteria pathogens Pasteurellamultocida, Mycoplasmabovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni and the virus Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPIV-3), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine adenovirus 3 (BAdV3), bovine coronavirus (BoCV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have commonly been identified in BRD cattle; however, no studies have investigated the fungal community and how it may also relate to BRD. Methods The objective of this study was to understand if the nasal mycobiome differs between a BRD-affected (n = 56) and visually healthy (n = 73) Holstein steers. Fungal nasal community was determined by using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Results The phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the genera, Trichosporon and Issatchenkia, were the most abundant among all animals, regardless of health status. We identified differences between healthy and BRD animals in abundance of Trichosporon and Issatchenkia orientalis at a sub-species level that could be a potential indicator of BRD. No differences were observed in the nasal fungal alpha and beta diversity between BRD and healthy animals. However, the fungal community structure was affected based on season, specifically when comparing samples collected in the summer to the winter season. We then performed a random forest model, based on the fungal community and abundance of the BRD-pathobionts (qPCR data generated from a previous study using the same animals), to classify healthy and BRD animals and determine the agreement with visual diagnosis. Classification of BRD or healthy animals using ITS sequencing was low and agreed with the visual diagnosis with an accuracy of 51.9%. A portion of the ITS-predicted BRD animals were not predicted based on the abundance of BRD pathobionts. Lastly, fungal and bacterial co-occurrence were more common in BRD animals than healthy animals. Discussion The results from this novel study provide a baseline understanding of the fungal diversity and composition in the nasal cavity of BRD and healthy animals, upon which future interaction studies, including other nasal microbiome members to further understand and accurately diagnose BRD, can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suraj Mohan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Josiah Levi Davidson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jon P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Ault
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mohit S. Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Pagliasso G, Moriconi M, Fusi F, Vitale N, Vevey M, Dondo A, Razzuoli E, Bergagna S. Evaluation of the Immune Response to Transport Stress in the Aosta Valley Breed. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050351. [PMID: 37235434 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation is a recurring event in a farm animal's life, and it is considered one of the main stressors with possible negative repercussions for both the health and welfare of farm animals. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of transportation on some blood variables of 45 young bulls moved from their original farms to a livestock collection centre. Transportation took no more than 8 h and was carried out between January and March 2021. Blood samples were taken before transportation (T0), upon arrival at the collection centre (T1), and 7 days after arrival (T2). Samples were processed for blood cell count, clinical chemistry analyses, serum protein electrophoresis, and the evaluation of innate immunity parameters. The results showed a typical stress leukogram with neutrophilia and changes in the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. No significant alterations were observed in either serum proteins or pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significant, albeit transient, alterations were observed in some clinical chemistry parameters after transportation, which could be accounted for by stressful conditions such as the transportation itself and handling and mixing with other animals. Our results indicated that the adopted transportation conditions only slightly affected the blood variables under study with no significant impact on animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pagliasso
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Ciriè, Chivasso e Ivrea, Via Cavour 29, 10073 Ciriè, Italy
| | - Martina Moriconi
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (CReNBA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Vevey
- Associazione Nazionale Bovini di Razza Valdostana, Fraz. Favret, 5, 11020 Gressan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Li K, Pang S, Li Z, Ding X, Gan Y, Gan Q, Fang S. House ammonia exposure causes alterations in microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of rabbits. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125195. [PMID: 37250049 PMCID: PMC10213413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pollutant gas emissions in the current production system of the livestock industry have negative influences on environment as well as the health of farm staffs and animals. Although ammonia (NH3) is considered as the primary and harmful gas pollutant in the rabbit farm, less investigation has performed to determine the toxic effects of house ammonia exposure on rabbit in the commercial confined barn. Methods In this study, we performed multi-omics analysis on rabbits exposed to high and low concentration of house ammonia under similar environmental conditions to unravel the alterations in nasal and colonic microbiota, pulmonary and colonic gene expression, and muscular metabolic profile. Results and discussion The results showed that house ammonia exposure notably affected microbial structure, composition, and functional capacity in both nasal and colon, which may impact on local immune responses and inflammatory processes. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes related to cell death (MCL1, TMBIM6, HSPB1, and CD74) and immune response (CDC42, LAMTOR5, VAMP8, and CTSB) were differentially expressed in the lung, and colonic genes associated with redox state (CAT, SELENBP1, GLUD1, and ALDH1A1) were significantly up-regulated. Several key differentially abundant metabolites such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-ornithine, oxoglutaric acid, and isocitric acid were identified in muscle metabolome, which could denote house ammonia exposure perturbed amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism. In addition, the widespread and strong inter-system interplay were uncovered in the integrative correlation network, and central features were confirmed by in vitro experiments. Our findings disclose the comprehensive evidence for the deleterious effects of house ammonia exposure on rabbit and provide valuable information for understanding the underlying impairment mechanisms.
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Goto Y, Fukunari K, Suzuki T. Multiplex RT-qPCR Application in Early Detection of Bovine Respiratory Disease in Healthy Calves. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030669. [PMID: 36992378 PMCID: PMC10057971 DOI: 10.3390/v15030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are associated with various predisposing factors, such as physical and physiological stress factors, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These stressors and viruses suppress immune defenses, leading to bacterial growth in the upper respiratory tract and invasion of pathogens into the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the causative pathogens would contribute to the early detection of BRD. Nasal swabs and sera from 63 clinically healthy calves were continuously collected from seven farms in Iwate prefecture from 2019 to 2021. We attempted to monitor dynamics of BRD-associated pathogens by multiplex real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) using their nasal swab samples. In addition, we attempted to monitor fluctuation of antibody titers against each BRD-associated pathogen by virus neutralization test (VNT) using their sera. In contrast, nasal swabs from 89 calves infected with BRD were collected from 28 farms in Iwate prefecture from 2019 to 2021. We attempted to analyze their nasal swab samples by multiplex RT-qPCR aim to detect BRD-associated pathogens that are dominant in this region. As a result, our analyses using samples from clinically healthy calves showed that positive results by multiplex RT-qPCR were closely related to a significant increase of antibody titers by VNT in bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine torovirus (BToV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In addition, our data exhibited that BCoV, BToV, BRSV, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, and Mycoplasma bovis have been more frequently detected in calves infected with BRD compared to those detected in clinically healthy calves. Moreover, the data presented herein revealed co-infections by combination multiple viral pathogens with bacterial pathogens are closely involved in the onset of BRD. Taken together, our study demonstrates multiplex RT-qPCR which can simultaneously analyze multiple pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, and is useful for the early detection of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Central Iwate Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Takizawa 020-0605, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukunari
- Central Iwate Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Takizawa 020-0605, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Division of Zoonosis Research and Division of Hygiene Management, Sapporo Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Sapporo 062-0045, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-851-2132; Fax: +81-11-853-0767
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O'Donoghue S, Earley B, Johnston D, McCabe MS, Kim JW, Taylor JF, Duffy C, Lemon K, McMenamy M, Cosby SL, Morris DW, Waters SM. Whole blood transcriptome analysis in dairy calves experimentally challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and comparison to a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) challenge. Front Genet 2023; 14:1092877. [PMID: 36873940 PMCID: PMC9981960 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1092877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is associated with several clinical syndromes in cattle, among which bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is of particular significance. Despite the importance of the disease, there is a lack of information on the molecular response to infection via experimental challenge with BoHV-1. The objective of this study was to investigate the whole-blood transcriptome of dairy calves experimentally challenged with BoHV-1. A secondary objective was to compare the gene expression results between two separate BRD pathogens using data from a similar challenge study with BRSV. Holstein-Friesian calves (mean age (SD) = 149.2 (23.8) days; mean weight (SD) = 174.6 (21.3) kg) were either administered BoHV-1 inoculate (1 × 107/mL × 8.5 mL) (n = 12) or were mock challenged with sterile phosphate buffered saline (n = 6). Clinical signs were recorded daily from day (d) -1 to d 6 (post-challenge), and whole blood was collected in Tempus RNA tubes on d six post-challenge for RNA-sequencing. There were 488 differentially expressed (DE) genes (p < 0.05, False Discovery rate (FDR) < 0.10, fold change ≥2) between the two treatments. Enriched KEGG pathways (p < 0.05, FDR <0.05); included Influenza A, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and NOD-like receptor signalling. Significant gene ontology terms (p < 0.05, FDR <0.05) included defence response to virus and inflammatory response. Genes that are highly DE in key pathways are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of BoHV-1 infection. A comparison to data from a similar study with BRSV identified both similarities and differences in the immune response to differing BRD pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie O'Donoghue
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Meath, Ireland.,Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Dayle Johnston
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Matthew S McCabe
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Meath, Ireland
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ken Lemon
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael McMenamy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - S Louise Cosby
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Meath, Ireland
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11
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Consequences of long-distance transport on the behavior and health of young-bulls that may affect their fitness to adapt to feedlots. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Chai J, Liu X, Usdrowski H, Deng F, Li Y, Zhao J. Geography, niches, and transportation influence bovine respiratory microbiome and health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:961644. [PMID: 36171758 PMCID: PMC9510686 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.961644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), one of the most common and infectious diseases in the beef industry, is associated with the respiratory microbiome and stressors of transportation. The impacts of the bovine respiratory microbiota on health and disease across different geographic locations and sampling niches are poorly understood, resulting in difficult identification of BRD causes. In this study, we explored the effects of geography and niches on the bovine respiratory microbiome and its function by re-analyzing published metagenomic datasets and estimated the main opportunistic pathogens that changed after transportation. The results showed that diversity, composition, structure, and function of the bovine nasopharyngeal microbiota were different across three worldwide geographic locations. The lung microbiota also showed distinct microbial composition and function compared with nasopharyngeal communities from different locations. Although different signature microbiota for each geographic location were identified, a module with co-occurrence of Mycoplasma species was observed in all bovine respiratory communities regardless of geography. Moreover, transportation, especially long-distance shipping, could increase the relative abundance of BRD-associated pathogens. Lung microbiota from BRD calves shaped clusters dominated with different pathogens. In summary, geography, sampling niches, and transportation are important factors impacting the bovine respiratory microbiome and disease, and clusters of lung microbiota by different bacterial species may explain BRD pathogenesis, suggesting the importance of a deeper understanding of bovine respiratory microbiota in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xinting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hunter Usdrowski
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Feilong Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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13
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello‐Rodríguez H, Dohmen W, Magistrali CF, Padalino B, Tenhagen B, Threlfall J, García‐Fierro R, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during animal transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07586. [PMID: 36304831 PMCID: PMC9593722 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) during short journeys (< 8 h) and long journeys (> 8 h) directed to other farms or to the slaughterhouse lairage (directly or with intermediate stops at assembly centres or control posts, mainly transported by road) was assessed. Among the identified risk factors contributing to the probability of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), the ones considered more important are the resistance status (presence of ARB/ARGs) of the animals pre-transport, increased faecal shedding, hygiene of the areas and vehicles, exposure to other animals carrying and/or shedding ARB/ARGs (especially between animals of different AMR loads and/or ARB/ARG types), exposure to contaminated lairage areas and duration of transport. There are nevertheless no data whereby differences between journeys shorter or longer than 8 h can be assessed. Strategies that would reduce the probability of AMR transmission, for all animal categories include minimising the duration of transport, proper cleaning and disinfection, appropriate transport planning, organising the transport in relation to AMR criteria (transport logistics), improving animal health and welfare and/or biosecurity immediately prior to and during transport, ensuring the thermal comfort of the animals and animal segregation. Most of the aforementioned measures have similar validity if applied at lairage, assembly centres and control posts. Data gaps relating to the risk factors and the effectiveness of mitigation measures have been identified, with consequent research needs in both the short and longer term listed. Quantification of the impact of animal transportation compared to the contribution of other stages of the food-production chain, and the interplay of duration with all risk factors on the transmission of ARB/ARGs during transport and journey breaks, were identified as urgent research needs.
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14
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Earley B, Edwards S, Faucitano L, Marti S, de La Lama GCM, Costa LN, Thomsen PT, Ashe S, Mur L, Van der Stede Y, Herskin M. Welfare of cattle during transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07442. [PMID: 36092766 PMCID: PMC9449995 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, roll-on-roll-off ferries and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.
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15
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Valeris-Chacin R, Powledge S, McAtee T, Morley PS, Richeson J. Mycoplasma bovis is associated with Mannheimia haemolytica during acute bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946792. [PMID: 35979489 PMCID: PMC9376970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) represents a significant burden to the health of feedlot cattle and the profitability of the beef industry in the US. Mannheimia haemolytica is widely regarded as the primary bacterial pathogen driving acute BRD. While Mycoplasma bovis is most commonly implicated in chronic cases of BRD, this agent's potential role in acute stages of BRD is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate potential associations between M. bovis and M. haemolytica during acute BRD in feedlot cattle. Nasal swabs (n = 1,044) were collected over time from feedlot cattle (n = 270) enrolled in an experiment assessing the effect of vaccination for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV). Swabs were analyzed for detection of M. bovis, M. haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and BRSV via multiplex qPCR assays. Data were analyzed using inverse conditional probability weighted (ICPW) logistic regression models to investigate potential effects of M. bovis presence on arrival (d0), day seven (d7) and day 14 (d14) post-arrival on M. haemolytica prevalence on day 28 (d28) post-arrival, adjusting for the previous history of P. multocida, H. somni, BRSV, BRD morbidity, and body weight. The potential association between time-to-BRD detection and M. bovis presence on d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival, was inferred via an ICPW time-to-event model. The presence of M. bovis in nasal swabs collected on d7 post-arrival was significantly associated with an increase in the prevalence of M. haemolytica on d28 (prevalence difference: 45%; 95% Confidence Interval: 31%, 60%; P-value < 0.001). Significant time-varying coefficients for M. bovis presence were detected at d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival in the ICPW time-to-event model (P-value < 0.001). The shortest median time-to-BRD detection was 29 days in cattle that were M. bovis positive on d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival and in those that were positive on d0 and d14 post-arrival. Under the conditions of this study, our findings suggest that M. bovis may be influencing the respiratory environment during the acute phase of BRD, increasing the abundance of M. haemolytica, which could have important impacts on the occurrence of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Valeris-Chacin
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Valeris-Chacin
| | - Sherri Powledge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Taylor McAtee
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Paul S. Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - John Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
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16
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Oucheriah Y, Heleili N, Colin A, Mottet C, Tardy F, Becker CAM. Prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Algeria and Characterisation of the Isolated Clones. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:910799. [PMID: 35669175 PMCID: PMC9163989 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.910799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is common in calves in Algeria, but to date, Mycoplasma bovis has never been monitored as a potential etiological agent. Here, to assess the presence (direct detection) and circulation (indirect detection) of M. bovis, broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and serum samples were collected from 60 veal calf farms in Algeria. A commercial ELISA kit (ID Screen® ELISA) was used to screen for the presence of specific antibodies against M. bovis in 351 blood sera collected from both diseased and healthy calves, and 69% (241 sera) tested positive. BALFs from the 176 diseased calves were used to screen for M. bovis by real-time-PCR (rt-PCR), and 102 (58%) tested positive. A non-exhaustive set of 53 clones were isolated from 44 calves and further subtyped using polC gene sequencing. No predominant subtype was found, and two clones exhibited a new subtype. Fourteen clones were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing, and results showed a high degree of genetic diversity, with some clones having new alleles and subtypes. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 5 antimicrobials regularly used to treat BRD was determined on 45 clones. Susceptibility profiles showed very broad diversity, confirming the variety of clones actively circulating. We detected clones with high MICs, including increased MICs of enrofloxacin (n = 5). This is the first study to report the presence of M. bovis in Algeria in calves with BRD. This research also finds broad genetic and phenotypic diversity in the actively circulating isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nouzha Heleili
- Université de Batna, Laboratoire de Recherche ESPA, Batna, Algeria
| | - Adélie Colin
- Université de Lyon, Anses, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Mottet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Anses, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, Anses, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Lyon, France
| | - Claire A M Becker
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Anses, UMR Mycoplasmoses Animales, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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17
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Pratelli A, Padalino B. Editorial: Evolving Prospects of Bovine Respiratory Diseases and Management in Feedlot Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:854844. [PMID: 35280132 PMCID: PMC8913584 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.854844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Annamaria Pratelli
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Master Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Centeno-Martinez RE, Glidden N, Mohan S, Davidson JL, Fernández-Juricic E, Boerman JP, Schoonmaker J, Pillai D, Koziol J, Ault A, Verma MS, Johnson TA. Identification of bovine respiratory disease through the nasal microbiome. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:15. [PMID: 35193707 PMCID: PMC8862248 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic challenge in the dairy and beef cattle industries. Multiple risk factors make an animal susceptible to BRD. The presence of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis in lung tissues have been associated with BRD mortalities, but they are also commonly present in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. This study aims to compare the cattle nasal microbiome (diversity, composition and community interaction) and the abundance of BRD pathogens (by qPCR) in the nasal microbiome of Holstein steers that are apparently healthy (Healthy group, n = 75) or with BRD clinical signs (BRD group, n = 58). We then used random forest models based on nasal microbial community and qPCR results to classify healthy and BRD-affected animals and determined the agreement with the visual clinical signs. Additionally, co-occurring species pairs were identified in visually BRD or healthy animal groups. Results Cattle in the BRD group had lower alpha diversity than pen-mates in the healthy group. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Trueperella pyogenes, Bibersteinia and Mycoplasma spp. were increased in relative abundance in the BRD group, while ASVs from Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Clostridium sensu stricto were increased in the healthy group. Prevalence of H. somni (98%) and P. multocida (97%) was high regardless of BRD clinical signs whereas M. haemolytica (81 and 61%, respectively) and M. bovis (74 and 51%, respectively) were more prevalent in the BRD group than the healthy group. In the BRD group, the abundance of M. haemolytica and M. bovis was increased, while H. somni abundance was decreased. Visual observation of clinical signs agreed with classification by the nasal microbial community (misclassification rate of 32%) and qPCR results (misclassification rate 34%). Co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that the nasal microbiome of BRD-affected cattle presented fewer bacterial associations than healthy cattle. Conclusions This study offers insight into the prevalence and abundance of BRD pathogens and the differences in the nasal microbiome between healthy and BRD animals. This suggests that nasal bacterial communities provide a potential platform for future studies and potential pen-side diagnostic testing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00167-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Glidden
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Suraj Mohan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Josiah Levi Davidson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Jon Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deepti Pillai
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Koziol
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Ault
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mohit S Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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19
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Chai J, Capik SF, Kegley B, Richeson JT, Powell JG, Zhao J. Bovine respiratory microbiota of feedlot cattle and its association with disease. Vet Res 2022; 53:4. [PMID: 35022062 PMCID: PMC8756723 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), as one of the most common and costly diseases in the beef cattle industry, has significant adverse impacts on global food security and the economic stability of the industry. The bovine respiratory microbiome is strongly associated with health and disease and may provide insights for alternative therapy when treating BRD. The niche-specific microbiome communities that colonize the inter-surface of the upper and the lower respiratory tract consist of a dynamic and complex ecological system. The correlation between the disequilibrium in the respiratory ecosystem and BRD has become a hot research topic. Hence, we summarize the pathogenesis and clinical signs of BRD and the alteration of the respiratory microbiota. Current research techniques and the biogeography of the microbiome in the healthy respiratory tract are also reviewed. We discuss the process of resident microbiota and pathogen colonization as well as the host immune response. Although associations between the microbiota and BRD have been revealed to some extent, interpreting the development of BRD in relation to respiratory microbial dysbiosis will likely be the direction for upcoming studies, which will allow us to better understand the importance of the airway microbiome and its contributions to animal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chai
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sarah F Capik
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Beth Kegley
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79016, USA
| | - Jeremy G Powell
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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20
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Pratelli A, Lucente MS, Cordisco M, Ciccarelli S, Di Fonte R, Sposato A, Mari V, Capozza P, Pellegrini F, Carelli G, Azzariti A, Buonavoglia C. Natural Bovine Coronavirus Infection in a Calf Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Viral Shedding, Immunological Features and S Gene Variations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123350. [PMID: 34944126 PMCID: PMC8697958 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The evolution of a bovine coronavirus (BCoV) natural infection in a calf persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was described. The infected calf developed intermittent nasal discharge, diarrhea and hyperthermia. The total number of leukocytes/mL and the absolute differential number of neutrophils and lymphocytes resulted within the normal range, but the monocytes increased at T28 (time 28 post-infection) and the CD8+ subpopulation increased at T7 and between T28 and T35. BCoV shedding in nasal discharges and feces was detected up to three weeks post infection (p.i.) and high antibody titers persisted for up to 8 weeks p.i. Virus shedding increased until T14, contrary to what was observed in a previous study where BCoV was detected with a lower load in the co-infected (BCoV/BVDV) calves than in the calves infected with BCoV only. We can suppose that BVDV may have exacerbated the long viral excretion, as well as favoring the onset of mutations in the genome of BCoV. An extensive study was performed to verify if the selective pressure in the S gene could be a natural mode of variation of BCoV. Abstract The evolution of a bovine coronavirus (BCoV) natural infection in a calf persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was described. The infected calf developed intermittent nasal discharge, diarrhea and hyperthermia. The total number of leukocytes/mL and the absolute differential number of neutrophils and lymphocytes resulted within the normal range, but monocytes increased at T28 (time 28 post-infection). Flow-cytometry analysis evidenced that the CD8+ subpopulation increased at T7 and between T28 and T35. BCoV shedding in nasal discharges and feces was detected up to three weeks post infection and high antibody titers persisted up to T56. The RNA BCoV load increased until T14, contrary to what was observed in a previous study where the fecal excretion of BCoV was significantly lower in the co-infected (BCoV/BVDV) calves than in the calves infected with BCoV only. We can suppose that BVDV may have modulated the BCoV infection exacerbating the long viral excretion, as well as favoring the onset of mutations in the genome of BCoV detected in fecal samples at T21. An extensive study was performed to verify if the selective pressure in the S gene could be a natural mode of variation of BCoV, providing data for the identification of new epidemic strains, genotypes or recombinant betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4679835
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Marco Cordisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefano Ciccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology at IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.D.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology at IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.D.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy; (M.S.L.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.C.); (C.B.)
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21
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Padalino B, Menchetti L, Mininni V, Tullio D, Nanni Costa L. Transport certifications of cattle moved from France to Southern Italy and Greece: do they comply with Reg. EC 1/2005? ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1971573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Padalino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Mininni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Univeristà di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Cui Y, Qi J, Cai D, Fang J, Xie Y, Guo H, Chen S, Ma X, Gou L, Cui H, Geng Y, Ye G, Zhong Z, Ren Z, Hu Y, Wang Y, Deng J, Yu S, Cao S, Zou H, Wang Z, Zuo Z. Metagenomics Reveals That Proper Placement After Long-Distance Transportation Significantly Affects Calf Nasopharyngeal Microbiota and Is Critical for the Prevention of Respiratory Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700704. [PMID: 34616374 PMCID: PMC8488368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation is an inevitable phase for the cattle industry, and its effect on the respiratory system of transported cattle remains controversial. To reveal cattle’s nasopharyngeal microbiota dynamics, we tracked a batch of beef calves purchased from an auction market, transported to a farm by vehicle within 3 days, and adaptively fed for 7 days. Before and after the transport and after the placement, a total of 18 nasopharyngeal mucosal samples were collected, and microbial profiles were obtained using a metagenomic shotgun sequencing approach. The diversity, composition, structure, and function of the microbiota were collected at each time point, and their difference was analyzed. The results showed that, before the transportation, there were a great abundance of potential bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-related pathogens, and the transportation did not significantly change their abundance. After the transportation, 7 days of placement significantly decreased the risk of BRD by decreasing the abundance of potential BRD-related pathogens even if the diversity was decreased. We also discussed the controversial results of transportation’s effect in previous works and the decrease in diversity induced by placement. Our work provided more accurate information about the effect of transportation and the followed placement on the calf nasopharyngeal microbial community, indicated the importance of adaptive placement after long-distance transport, and is helpful to prevent BRD induced by transportation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiancheng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Fanelli A, Cirilli M, Lucente MS, Zarea AAK, Buonavoglia D, Tempesta M, Greco G. Fatal Calf Pneumonia Outbreaks in Italian Dairy Herds Involving Mycoplasma bovis and Other Agents of BRD Complex. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:742785. [PMID: 34568480 PMCID: PMC8462733 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.742785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recognized worldwide as an important cause of disease with major welfare and production impairments on cattle rearing. Although it was detected in veal calves and beef cattle, little is known on the infection impact and on its temporal morbidity pattern in Italian dairy herds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of M. bovis on fatal calf pneumonia outbreaks that occurred during 2009–2019 in 64 Italian dairy farms. Furthermore, a deeper diagnostic workup of concurrent infection with other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens was assessed. Out of the investigated fatal pneumonia cases, M. bovis was frequently detected (animal prevalence, 16.16%; 95%CI, 11.82–21.33; herd prevalence, 26.56; 95%CI, 16.29–39.08) either as the single agent of the disease in more than half of the positive samples (20/37) or in concurrent infections with Histophilus somni (9/37, 24.3%), Mannheimia haemolytica (6/37, 16.621%), Trueperella pyogenes (1/37, 2.70%), Pasteurella multocida (1/37, 2.70%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (5/37, 13.51%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (2/37, 5.55%). Based on time-series analysis, M. bovis was recorded in the area since 2009 with outbreaks displaying a clear morbidity seasonal pattern with peaks in April (43.21%) and in September (13.51%). This might be due to the stressing conditions during spring and late summer periods. Results of this study highlight that M. bovis infection warrants consideration, and control measures are needed given its involvement in lethal pneumonia outbreaks in dairy herds from an extended area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Aya Attia Koraney Zarea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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24
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Padalino B, Cirone F, Zappaterra M, Tullio D, Ficco G, Giustino A, Ndiana LA, Pratelli A. Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:627894. [PMID: 34262960 PMCID: PMC8273259 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.627894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Padalino
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cirone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Tullio
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Bari (ASL BA) – Local Health Authority Veterinary Service, Bari, Italy
| | - Gigliola Ficco
- Siciliani S.p.A. Industria Lavorazione Carne, Bari, Italy
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25
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García-Galán A, Seva J, Gómez-Martín Á, Ortega J, Rodríguez F, García-Muñoz Á, De la Fe C. Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051470. [PMID: 34065405 PMCID: PMC8161021 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine respiratory disease is a common health and economic problem that mainly affects calves raised in feedlots. Several viruses and bacteria may be involved, but Mycoplasma bovis can cause disease chronification and poor response to antimicrobial treatment. This study investigated the role of Mycoplasma bovis in cases of clinical respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment that affected feedlot calves in southeast Spain, and tested the in vitro susceptibility of a selection of isolates to the specific set of antimicrobials used for therapy in vivo. Mycoplasma bovis was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, predominantly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23) where it was involved in pulmonary lesions. Furthermore, the selected isolates were found to be resistant in vitro to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results highlight the implication of Mycoplasma bovis in the bovine respiratory disease affecting feedlot calves in Spain. Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Galán
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-G.); (C.D.l.F.)
| | - Juan Seva
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO) Research Group, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Ortega
- Pathology Group, PASAPTA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Av. Seminario s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Christian De la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-G.); (C.D.l.F.)
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26
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Saegerman C, Bianchini J, Snoeck CJ, Moreno A, Chiapponi C, Zohari S, Ducatez MF. First expert elicitation of knowledge on drivers of emergence of influenza D in Europe. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3349-3359. [PMID: 33249766 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The influenza D virus (IDV) was first identified and characterized in 2011. Considering the virus' zoonotic potential, its genome nature (segmented RNA virus), its worldwide circulation in livestock and its role in bovine respiratory disease, an increased interest is given to IDV. However, few data are available on drivers of emergence of IDV. We first listed fifty possible drivers of emergence of IDV in ruminants and swine. As recently carried out for COVID-19 in pets (Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020), a scoring system was developed per driver and scientific experts (N = 28) were elicited to (a) allocate a score to each driver, (b) weight the drivers' scores within each domain and (c) weight the different domains among themselves. An overall weighted score was calculated per driver, and drivers were ranked in decreasing order. Drivers with comparable likelihoods to play a role in the emergence of IDV in ruminants and swine in Europe were grouped using a regression tree analysis. Finally, the robustness of the expert elicitation was verified. Eight drivers were ranked with the highest probability to play a key role in the emergence of IDV: current species specificity of the causing agent of the disease; influence of (il)legal movements of live animals (ruminants, swine) from neighbouring/European Union member states and from third countries for the disease to (re-)emerge in a given country; detection of emergence; current knowledge of the pathogen; vaccine availability; animal density; and transport vehicles of live animals. As there is still limited scientific knowledge on the topic, expert elicitation of knowledge and multi-criteria decision analysis, in addition to clustering and sensitivity analyses, are very important to prioritize future studies, starting from the top eight drivers. The present methodology could be applied to other emerging animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Saegerman
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Juana Bianchini
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Clinical and Applied Virology group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Brescia, Italy
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27
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Bovine respiratory disease in beef calves supported long transport stress: An epidemiological study and strategies for control and prevention. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:450-455. [PMID: 33203584 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BRD is associated with infectious agents, but management and transport-stress are trigger factors. Metaphylactic administration of antimicrobial reduces colonization of respiratory tract by pathogens, but the development of antibiotic-resistance raises public health concerns leading to propose new control strategies. The study analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs of 231 imported cattle, 10% of 49 trucks, transported from France to southern Italy and, through Real-time PCR identified the prevalence of the involved pathogens speculating on strategies to reduce the impact of BRD. The samples were tested by Real-time PCR, for the detection of bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. Yates-corrected chi squared, or Fisher's exact test were used to compare both animal-health status and positivity/negativity to pathogens, and the relationship between presence/absence of clinical signs and Real-time PCR-positivity. H. somni and BCoV were the most frequently identified pathogens. In BRD-diagnosed cattle, BAdV was detected in 13.8% (19/138), BRSV in 14.5% (20/138) and BPiV in 4.3% (6/138). Healthy cattle were mostly positive for H. somni (89.2%, 83/93). A statistically significant association was observed between clinical signs and positivity to M. haemolytica (p value = 0.016). Although mass-medication and vaccination are used for BRD control, it still remains a primary health problem. Our results highlight that the nasopharyngeal microbiota could be affected by transport and that strategies to enhance calf immunity for reducing BRD-risk development would be more effective if applied at farm of origin prior to loading.
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28
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Gaudino M, Moreno A, Snoeck CJ, Zohari S, Saegerman C, O'Donovan T, Ryan E, Zanni I, Foni E, Sausy A, Hübschen JM, Meyer G, Chiapponi C, Ducatez MF. Emerging Influenza D virus infection in European livestock as determined in serology studies: Are we underestimating its spread over the continent? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1125-1135. [PMID: 32871031 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel orthomyxovirus that was first isolated in 2011 in the United States from a swine exhibiting influenza-like disease. To date, its detection is extended to all continents and in a broad host range: IDV is circulating in cattle, swine, feral swine, camelids, small ruminants and horses. Evidence also suggests a possible species jump to humans, underlining the issue of zoonotic potential. In Europe, serological investigations in cattle have partially allowed the understanding of the virus diffusion in different countries such as Italy, France, Luxembourg and Ireland. The infection is widespread in cattle but limited in other investigated species, consolidating the assumption of cattle as IDV primary host. We hypothesize that commercial livestock trade could play a role in the observed differences in IDV seroprevalence among these areas. Indeed, the overall level of exposure in cattle and swine in destination countries (e.g. Italy) is higher than in origin countries (e.g. France), leading to the hypothesis of a viral shedding following the transportation of young cattle abroad and thus contributing to larger diffusion at countries of destination. IDV large geographic circulation in cattle from Northern to more Southern European countries also supports the hypothesis of a viral spread through livestock trade. This review summarizes available data on IDV seroprevalence in Europe collected so far and integrates unpublished data from IDV European surveillance framework of the last decade. In addition, the possible role of livestock trade and biosecurity measures in this pathogen's spread is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaudino
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Chantal J Snoeck
- Clinical and Applied Virology Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Claude Saegerman
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom O'Donovan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Eoin Ryan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Irene Zanni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Foni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Parma, Italy
| | - Aurelie Sausy
- Clinical and Applied Virology Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M Hübschen
- Clinical and Applied Virology Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gilles Meyer
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Parma, Italy
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Monitoring Mycoplasma bovis Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Calf Feedlots Undergoing a Respiratory Disease Outbreak. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070593. [PMID: 32708285 PMCID: PMC7400015 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are widespread in veal calf feedlots. Several pathogens are implicated, both viruses and bacteria, one of which, Mycoplasma bovis, is under-researched. This worldwide-distributed bacterium has been shown to be highly resistant in vitro to the main antimicrobials used to treat BRD. Our objective was to monitor the relative prevalence of M. bovis during BRD episodes, its diversity, and its resistance phenotype in relation to antimicrobial use. For this purpose, a two-year longitudinal follow-up of 25 feedlots was organized and 537 nasal swabs were collected on 358 veal calves at their arrival in the lot, at the BRD peak and 4 weeks after collective antimicrobial treatments. The presence of M. bovis was assessed by real-time PCR and culture. The clones isolated were then subtyped (polC subtyping and PFGE analysis), and their susceptibility to five antimicrobials was determined. The course of the disease and the antimicrobials used had no influence on the genetic diversity of the M. bovis strains: The subtype distribution was the same throughout the BRD episode and similar to that already described in France, with a major narrowly-variable subtype circulating, st2. The same conclusion holds for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes: All the clones were already multiresistant to the main antimicrobials used (except for fluoroquinolones) prior to any treatments. By contrast, changes of AMR phenotypes could be suspected for Pasteurellaceae in two cases in relation to the treatments registered.
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