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Lordelo R, Branco R, Gama F, Morais PV. Assessment of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and surface modification potential in hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30464. [PMID: 38711646 PMCID: PMC11070870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of healthcare-associated infections is a multifactorial phenomenon related to hospital space contamination by bacteria. The ESKAPE group, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, play a relevant role in the occurrence of these infections. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed to identify characteristics that justify the prevalence of these species in the healthcare environment. In this line, the study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and the potential for polymer degradation in a collection of 33 P. aeruginosa strains and 2 K. pneumoniae strains sampled from various equipment and non-critical surfaces in a Portuguese hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that none of the strains was categorized as multidrug-resistant (non-MDR). An assessment of their biofilm-forming capabilities indicated that 97 % of the strains exhibited biofilm-producing characteristics. Notably, within this group, the majority of P. aeruginosa and half of K. pneumoniae strains were classified as strong biofilm producers. Furthermore, the strains were evaluated for their potential to cause damage or change medical devices, namely infusion sets, nasal cannula, and urinary catheters. Three P. aeruginosa strains, two strong and one moderate biofilm producers, showed the highest ability to modify surfaces of the nasal cannula and infusion sets. Additionally, the Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of P. aeruginosa strains and the water accession spots. In conclusion, this work suggests that bacteria from this group hold a significant ability to grow in the healthcare environment through the degradation of non-critical materials. This suggests a potential concern for the persistence and proliferation of these organisms in hospital environments, emphasizing the importance of robust infection control measures to mitigate the risks associated with bacterial growth on such surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lordelo
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gama
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Portugal and Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula V. Morais
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering Material and Processes, ARISE, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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Denissen J, Havenga B, Reyneke B, Khan S, Khan W. Comparing antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from environmental and clinical settings. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30215. [PMID: 38720709 PMCID: PMC11076977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from water sources collected in informal settlements, were compared to clinical counterparts. Cluster analysis using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) indicated that, for each respective species, low genetic relatedness was observed between most of the clinical and environmental isolates, with only one clinical P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and one clinical K. pneumoniae (P2) exhibiting high genetic similarity to the environmental strains. Based on the antibiograms, the clinical E. faecium Ef CD1 was extensively drug resistant (XDR); all K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 12) (except K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while the P. aeruginosa (n = 16) isolates exhibited higher susceptibility profiles. The tetM gene (tetracycline resistance) was identified in 47.4 % (n = 6 environmental; n = 3 clinical) of the E. faecium isolates, while the blaKPC gene (carbapenem resistance) was detected in 52.6 % (n = 7 environmental; n = 3 clinical) and 15.4 % (n = 2 environmental) of the E. faecium and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. The E. faecium isolates were predominantly poor biofilm formers, the K. pneumoniae isolates were moderate biofilm formers, while the P. aeruginosa isolates were strong biofilm formers. All E. faecium and K. pneumoniae isolates were gamma (γ)-haemolytic, non-gelatinase producing (E. faecium only), and non-hypermucoviscous (K. pneumoniae only), while the P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited beta (β)-haemolysis and produced gelatinase. The fimH (type 1 fimbriae adhesion) and ugE (uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase synthesis) virulence genes were detected in the K. pneumoniae isolates, while the P. aeruginosa isolates possessed the phzM (phenazine production) and algD (alginate biosynthesis) genes. Similarities in antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of environmental and clinical E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa, thus highlights the potential health risks posed by using environmental water sources for daily water needs in low-and-middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
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Khan MAS, Islam Z, Shah ST, Rahman SR. Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:825-834. [PMID: 38822462 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has been identified as a hotspot for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that present a serious threat to public health. Therefore, we investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance as well as the phenotypic and genotypic basis of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The disc diffusion method and the crystal violet assay were performed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, respectively. Biofilm and integron-associated genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics, in which >80% of isolates showed sensitivity to meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin. The results indicated that 93.82% of isolates were MDR and 71 out of 76 MDR isolates showed biofilm formation activities. We observed the high prevalence of biofilm-related genes, in which algD+pelF+pslD+ (82.7%) was found to be the prevalent biofilm genotypic pattern. Sixteen isolates (19.75%) possessed class 1 integron (int1) genes. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance (χ2 = 0.35, P = 0.55). Taken together, hospital wastewater in Dhaka city may act as a reservoir for MDR and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa, and therefore, the adequate treatment of wastewater is recommended to reduce the occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Sm Tanjil Shah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Alshaikh SA, El-Banna T, Sonbol F, Farghali MH. Correlation between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence determinants in uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Egyptian hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38402146 PMCID: PMC10894499 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent behind community-acquired and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are among the most prevalent human infections. The management of UPEC infections is becoming increasingly difficult owing to multi-drug resistance, biofilm formation, and the possession of an extensive virulence arsenal. This study aims to characterize UPEC isolates in Tanta, Egypt, with regard to their antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic profile, biofilm formation, and virulence, as well as the potential associations among these factors. METHODS One hundred UPEC isolates were obtained from UTI patients in Tanta, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production was screened using the double disk synergy test and confirmed with PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the microtiter-plate assay and microscopy-based techniques. The phylogenetic groups of the isolates were determined. The hemolytic activity, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance of the isolates were also evaluated. The clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed using ERIC-PCR. RESULTS Isolates displayed elevated resistance to cephalosporins (90-43%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (63%), and ciprofloxacin (53%). Ninety percent of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR)/ extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 67% produced ESBLs. Notably, there was an inverse correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, and 31%, 29%, 32%, and 8% of the isolates were strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers, respectively. Beta-hemolysis, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance were detected in 64%, 84%, 65%, and 11% of the isolates, respectively. Siderophore production was correlated to resistance to multiple antibiotics, while hemolysis was more prevalent in susceptible isolates and associated with stronger biofilms. Phylogroups B2 and D predominated, with lower resistance and stronger biofilms in group B2. ERIC-PCR revealed considerable diversity among the isolates. CONCLUSION This research highlights the dissemination of resistance in UPEC in Tanta, Egypt. The evident correlation between biofilm and resistance suggests a resistance cost on bacterial cells; and that isolates with lower resistance may rely on biofilms to enhance their survival. This emphasizes the importance of considering biofilm formation ability during the treatment of UPEC infections to avoid therapeutic failure and/or infection recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Alshaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | - Tarek El-Banna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Farghali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
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Vaňková E, Julák J, Machková A, Obrová K, Klančnik A, Smole Možina S, Scholtz V. Overcoming antibiotic resistance: non-thermal plasma and antibiotics combination inhibits important pathogens. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftae007. [PMID: 38730561 PMCID: PMC11094553 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ATBR) is increasing every year as the overuse of antibiotics (ATBs) and the lack of newly emerging antimicrobial agents lead to an efficient pathogen escape from ATBs action. This trend is alarming and the World Health Organization warned in 2021 that ATBR could become the leading cause of death worldwide by 2050. The development of novel ATBs is not fast enough considering the situation, and alternative strategies are therefore urgently required. One such alternative may be the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a well-established antimicrobial agent actively used in a growing number of medical fields. Despite its efficiency, NTP alone is not always sufficient to completely eliminate pathogens. However, NTP combined with ATBs is more potent and evidence has been emerging over the last few years proving this is a robust and highly effective strategy to fight resistant pathogens. This minireview summarizes experimental research addressing the potential of the NTP-ATBs combination, particularly for inhibiting planktonic and biofilm growth and treating infections in mouse models caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The published studies highlight this combination as a promising solution to emerging ATBR, and further research is therefore highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vaňková
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Machková
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Obrová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Hemmati J, Nazari M, Ahmadi A, Bayati M, Jalili M, Taheri M, Mohammadi Y, Asghari B. In vitro evaluation of biofilm phenotypic and genotypic characteristics among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Hamadan, West of Iran. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:213-222. [PMID: 38017355 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to high antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-forming ability, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the seriously life-threatening agents causing chronic and nosocomial infections. This study was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, biofilm formation, and frequency of biofilm-related genes in P. aeruginosa strains. In total, 123 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed to detect multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) isolates. To evaluate the biofilm-forming isolates, the microtiter plate (MTP) method was carried out. Also, the prevalence of biofilm genotype patterns, including pslA, pslD, pelA, pelF, and algD genes, was detected by polymerases chain reaction (PCR). According to our findings, the highest resistance and susceptibility rates were found in ceftazidime with 74.7% (n = 92) and ciprofloxacin with 42.2% (n = 52), respectively. In our study, the highest level of antibiotic resistance belonged to wound isolates which meropenem had the most antibacterial activity against them. In total, 86.1% (n = 106) P. aeruginosa isolates were determined as MDRPA, of which 61.3% (n = 65) were able to form strong biofilm. The highest and lowest frequency of biofilm-related genes among biofilm producer isolates belonged to pelF with 82.1% (n = 101) and algD with 55.2% (n = 68), respectively. The findings of the conducted study indicate a significant relationship between MDRPA and biofilm genotypic/phenotypic patterns, suggesting the necessity of a careful surveillance program in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Hemmati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nazari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amjad Ahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maral Bayati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jalili
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Coenye T. Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going? Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0002423. [PMID: 37812003 PMCID: PMC10732061 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00024-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ali MG, Almoneim ZA, Kareem SM. Evaluated gene expressions of Metallo beta lactamase genes GIM and , VIM, SPM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10111-10120. [PMID: 37917414 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as one of the human health care problems, P. aeruginosa's carbapenem resistance emerges by several different mechanisms, some of which include carbapenems genes. P. aeruginosa's carbapenem resistance is a significant health concern, So this study aims to evaluate MBL gene expressions. The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, AL-Mahmoodia Hospital, over one year from January to December 2022. The samples were collected from patients with different clinical sources (Burn, Urine, Wound, Sputum, Ear, and Blood), from different ages while. Samples were collected from three hospitals in Baghdad including Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, AL-Mahmmodiya Hospital, and Child's Central Teaching Hospital. A study analyzed 55 P. aeruginosa strains from various clinical sources, the study utilizes the chemical characterization, VITEK 2 system, 16s rRNA, antibiogram sensitivity tests, antibiotic susceptibility using eight antibiotics, including Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem Meropenem, Piperacillin, Cefepim and Aztreonam. The test of bacterial susceptibility revealed that each isolate was highly resistant to piperacillin, which are 96.36%, and lower resistance to Ciprofloxacin, which are 32%. Phenotypic screening carbapenem resistance methods combined the disk synergy test and conventional PCR that were used to detect isolates by using 16 S rRNA. This proves that the bacteria is P. aeruginosa and computed by measuring gene expression of the target genes (GIM, VIM, SPM) by using the real-time PCR, which is employed for twenty-five isolates. The result indicates that the expression level of the VIM gene is highly regulated in carbapenem-resistance isolates compared to control isolates that is 1.00. While the expression level of gene GIM and SPM is downregulated in carbapenem-resistance isolates compared to control isolates that is 6. The carbapenem VIM and GIM, SPM (class B) genes are essential for resistance in P. aeruginosa induced by chromosomal changes that modify membrane permeability efflux pump overexpression for genes. As a result, many studies require for discovering new strategies to reduce the threat to public health through preventing the spread of these isolates via tight infections, control measures, and the reduction of the danger to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ghalib Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, AL-Mahmmodiya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Sawsan M Kareem
- Branch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, POX 10244, Baghdad, Iraq.
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El Mahmoudi A, Tareau AS, Barreau M, Chevalier S, Hourma C, Demange L, Benhida R, Bougrin K. Green synthesis and anti-biofilm activities of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoline/isoxazole-linked secondary sulfonamide derivatives on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129517. [PMID: 37838341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The search for new classes of antibiotics is a real concern of public health due to the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria strains. We report herein the synthesis and characterization of a new series of 13 molecules combining isoxazoline/isoxazole sulfonamides and hydrazides motives. These molecules were obtained according to a costless eco-friendly procedure, and a one-pot three-step cascade synthesis under ultrasonic cavitation. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. These new molecules have been evaluated against the major human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine their potential to affect its growth and biofilm formation or dispersion. Two derivatives (5a and 6a) demonstrated their ability to destabilize a mature biofilm by about 50 % within 24 h. This may pave the way to the development of a new class of compounds affecting biofilm, which are easy to synthesize according to green chemistry processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Mahmoudi
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anne-Sophie Tareau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CBSA UR4312, Laboratoire de microbiologie Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CBSA UR4312, Laboratoire de microbiologie Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CBSA UR4312, Laboratoire de microbiologie Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Chaimae Hourma
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Paris Cité, CiTCoM, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Chemical & Biochemical Sciences Green-Process Engineering (CBS) Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
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Eladawy M, Thomas JC, Hoyles L. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from catheter-associated urinary tract infections in an Egyptian hospital. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001125. [PMID: 37902186 PMCID: PMC10634444 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent one of the major healthcare-associated infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative bacterium associated with catheter infections in Egyptian clinical settings. The present study describes the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 31 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from CAUTIs in an Egyptian hospital over a 3 month period. Genomes of isolates were of good quality and were confirmed to be P. aeruginosa by comparison to the type strain (average nucleotide identity, phylogenetic analysis). Clonal diversity among the isolates was determined; eight different sequence types were found (STs 244, 357, 381, 621, 773, 1430, 1667 and 3765), of which ST357 and ST773 are considered to be high-risk clones. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines showed that the isolates were highly resistant to quinolones [ciprofloxacin (12/31, 38.7 %) and levofloxacin (9/31, 29 %) followed by tobramycin (10/31, 32.5 %)] and cephalosporins (7/31, 22.5 %). Genotypic analysis of resistance determinants predicted all isolates to encode a range of AMR genes, including those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol. One isolate was found to carry a 422 938 bp pBT2436-like megaplasmid encoding OXA-520, the first report from Egypt of this emerging family of clinically important mobile genetic elements. All isolates were able to form biofilms and were predicted to encode virulence genes associated with adherence, antimicrobial activity, anti-phagocytosis, phospholipase enzymes, iron uptake, proteases, secretion systems and toxins. The present study shows how phenotypic analysis alongside genomic analysis may help us understand the AMR and virulence profiles of P. aeruginosa contributing to CAUTIs in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eladawy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jonathan C. Thomas
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Ruchiatan K, Rizqandaru T, Satjamanggala PR, Tache N, Cahyadi AI, Rezano A, Gunawan H, Sutedja EK, Dwiyana RF, Hidayah RMN, Achdiat PA, Sutedja E, Suwarsa O, Hindritiani R. Characteristics of Biofilm-Forming Ability and Antibiotic Resistance of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis from Acne Vulgaris Patients. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2457-2465. [PMID: 37719934 PMCID: PMC10503511 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s422486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common and chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit and has a multifactorial pathology, including activities of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern in dermatology daily practice, and the ability of biofilm formation by both bacteria is suggested to increase antibiotic resistance in acne. Purpose Our aim was to analyze the comparison of antibiotic resistance between biofilm-forming (BF) and non-biofilm-forming (NBF) strains of C. acnes and S. epidermidis towards seven antibiotics commonly used for acne. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study involving 60 patients with AV. Samples were obtained from closed comedones on the forehead using the standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) method at the Cosmetic Dermatology Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin in Bandung, Indonesia. Isolates were cultured and identified before undergoing the biofilm-forming test using the tissue culture plate method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for each antibiotic was then performed using the disc diffusion method. Results The incidence of antibiotic resistance to clindamycin in BF and NBF C. acnes isolates was 54.5% (p=1.00), while in BF and NBF S. epidermidis isolates, it was 54.5% and 45.5% respectively (p=0.67). The incidence of antibiotic resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin in BF and NBF C. acnes isolates was 54.5% and 63.6% respectively (p=1.00), whereas for S. epidermidis BF and NBF isolates, it was 54.5% (p=1.00). There was no resistance observed to tetracycline, doxycycline, levofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole in all groups. Conclusion There were no significant differences in resistance against seven antibiotics between the C. acnes and S. epidermidis in BF and NBF groups. Furthermore, although statistically not significant, some resistances were observed against clindamycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin. Consequently, the use of these three antibiotics should be judiciously regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Ruchiatan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Trustia Rizqandaru
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Panji Respati Satjamanggala
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Tache
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Adi Imam Cahyadi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andri Rezano
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Gunawan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eva Krishna Sutedja
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Reiva Farah Dwiyana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Risa Miliawati Nurul Hidayah
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Pati Aji Achdiat
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sutedja
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Oki Suwarsa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Reti Hindritiani
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran-Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Özsoy E, Coşkun USŞ, Dagcıoğlu Y, Demir O. Investigation of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by phenotypic and genotypic methods. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:292-301. [PMID: 37665184 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2254346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a variety of virulence factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity, and relationship has been determined between antibiotic resistance and biofilm. The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by genotypic and phenotypic methods, as well as whether there is a relationship between other virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. METHODS A total of 80 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were sent from various clinics included in the study. Identification and antibiotic resistance profile of isolates were determined by Vitek 2 (Biomerioux, France) automated system. Pseudomonas P agar, Pseudomonas F agar, and motility test medium were used for phenotyping tests. Tox A, Exo S, Plc N, and Las B were evaluated with Real-time PCR (Anatolia, Geneworks, Turkey). RESULTS The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were observed against imipenem (42.5%) and meropenem (40%). Among the isolates, 81.3% tested positive for Tox A, 30% for Exo S, 32.5% for Plc N, and 42.5% for Las B. Additionally, 70.4% of the isolates tested positive for pyocyanin, 41.3% for pyoverdine, 1.8% for pyorubin, and 8.9% tested negative for pyorubin. No statistically significant difference was found between antibiotic resistance and the presence of virulence factors (p > 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence factors is controversial. There are studies demonstrating the relationship between virulence factors and antibiotic resistance, as well as studies that indicate the absence of such a relationship. Investigating virulence and antibiotic resistance rates may be important for identifying potential drug targets for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Özsoy
- Instutite of Graduate Studies, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Umut Safiye Şay Coşkun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Yelda Dagcıoğlu
- Genetic Laboratory, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Training and Research Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Universirty, Tokat, Turkey
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Abioye OE, Nontongana N, Osunla CA, Okoh AI. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290356. [PMID: 37616193 PMCID: PMC10449182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequency in fish samples. All the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup. One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin and polymixin. The multiple-antibiotic-resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes. The percentage detection of acc, ant, drf18, sul1, mcr-1, blasvh, blaoxa, blatem, blaoxa48, gyrA, gyrB and parC resistance-associated genes were 2%, 9%, 14%, 7%, 2%, 25%, 7%, 2%, 2%, 32%, 25% and 27% respectively while that for virulence-associated genes in increasing other was ace [2%], tcp [11%], vpi [16%], ompU [34%], toxR [43%], rtxC [70%], rtxA [73%] and hyla [77%]. The study confirmed the potential of environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. mimicus to cause cholera-like infection and other vibriosis which could be difficult to manage with commonly recommended antibiotics. Thus, regular monitoring of the environment to create necessary awareness for this kind of pathogens is important in the interest of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Charles A. Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Kountchou CL, Noubom M, Ndezo Bisso B, Ngouana Kammalac T, Ekpo AI, Ngueguim Dougue A, Nangwat C, Oyono M, Ranque S, Dzoyem JP. Antifungal Resistance Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Factor Production in Candida krusei Isolates From HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon. Cureus 2023; 15:e44213. [PMID: 37767258 PMCID: PMC10521937 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal infections mainly caused by Candida krusei are increasing rapidly and represent a serious public health problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors in C. krusei isolated from HIV-infected patients. Methodology Isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The antifungal resistance profile was established based on the antifungal susceptibility test performed using the Sensititre YeastOne™ (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) microdilution technique. The production of phospholipase and proteinase was detected by standard methods. Biofilm formation was performed by the microtiter plate method. Results A total of 73 isolates of C. krusei were recovered from stool, oral swabs, vaginal swabs, and urine samples. The highest number of C. krusei isolates (49, 67.05%)was recovered from stool samples. A total of 32.56% of the C. krusei isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The patients living with HIV and not receiving antiretroviral treatment displayed the highest number of C. krusei isolates (29, 39.76%), whereas the patients living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy exhibited the lowest number of C. krusei isolates (2, 2.72%). All isolates were categorized as strong biofilm producers. Among the production of hydrolytic enzymes, 25 (58.13%) and 24 (55.81%) of C. krusei isolates were classified as strong phospholipase and proteinase producers, respectively. Conclusion The C. krusei isolates obtained in this study were MDR and strongly expressed biofilm formation and both phospholipase and proteinase hydrolytic enzymes. The results show how pathogenic C. krusei is in the HIV-infected population and will contribute toward the management of C. krusei-related infections, which may help improve the life quality of people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Noubom
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, CMR
| | | | | | - Alfred Itor Ekpo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, CMR
| | - Aude Ngueguim Dougue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, CMR
| | - Claude Nangwat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, CMR
| | - Martin Oyono
- Laboratoire de Biologie Humaine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, CMR
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Vecteurs et Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, FRA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, FRA
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Jamal Z, Gholami M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Goli HR. The Role of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN Efflux Systems in the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:221. [PMID: 37210698 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and the development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on the expression of efflux pumps. This study aimed to investigate the role of overexpression of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN efflux pumps in reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents among P. aeruginosa strains. Totally, 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients and the strains were identified by standard diagnostic tests. The MDR isolates were detected using the disk agar diffusion method. The expression levels of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN efflux pumps were evaluated by the real-time PCR. Forty-one isolates showed MDR phenotype, while piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin were the most- and least-effective antibiotics, respectively. Also, all 41 MDR isolates showed a more than tenfold increase in the expression of mexD and mexF genes. In this study, a significant relationship was observed between the rate of antibiotic resistance, the emergence of MDR strains, and increasing the expression levels of MexEF-OprN and MexCD-OprJ efflux pumps (P < 0.05). Efflux systems mediated resistance was a noteworthy mechanism causative to multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The study results demonstrated mexE and mexF overexpression as the primary mechanism conferring in the emergence of MDR phenotypes among P. aeruginosa strains. In addition, we also show that piperacillin/tazobactam exhibited a stronger ability in the management of infections caused by MDR P. aeruginosa in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Jamal
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Goli
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah Abad Blv, Khazar Square, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang S, Zeng Z, Li Z, Din Y, Liu J. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, risk factors, and prediction of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15724. [PMID: 37159707 PMCID: PMC10163646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was aimed at describing antibiotic susceptibility patterns and developing a predictive model by assessing risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a teaching hospital in China from May 2019 to July 2021. Patients were divided into the carbapenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa (CSPA) group and the CRPA group. Medical records were reviewed to find an antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Multivariate analysis results were used to identify risk factors and build a predictive model. Results A total of 61 among 292 patients with nosocomial pneumonia were infected with CRPA. In the CSPA and CRPA groups, amikacin was identified as the most effective antibiotic, with susceptibility of 89.7%. The CRPA group showed considerably higher rates of resistance to the tested antibiotics. Based on the results of mCIM and eCIM, 28 (45.9%) of 61 isolates might be carbapenemase producers. Independent risk factors related to CRPA nosocomial pneumonia were craniocerebral injury, pulmonary fungus infection, prior use of carbapenems, prior use of cefoperazone-sulbactam, and time at risk (≥15 d). In the predictive model, a score >1 point indicated the best predictive ability. Conclusions CRPA nosocomial pneumonia could be predicted by risk factor assessment particularly based on the underlying disease, antimicrobial exposure, and time at risk, which could help prevent nosocomial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinbo Liu
- Corresponding author. The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25th Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Hu J, Zhu H, Feng Y, Yu M, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Zheng B, Lin J, Miao W, Zhou R, Cullen PJ. Emulsions containing composite (clove, oregano, and cinnamon) essential oils: Phase inversion preparation, physicochemical properties and antibacterial mechanism. Food Chem 2023; 421:136201. [PMID: 37105117 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural essential oils (EOs), especially those combining different individual EOs (also termed composite EOs) with enhanced performance, are becoming healthy, market-sought food preservatives/additives. This study aims to provide insights into the challenge regarding EOs processing due to their low solubility and the elusive mechanism under the enhanced bio-reactivity of composite EOs. A unique oil/water interacting network was created by phase-inversion processing, which enhances EO solubilization and emulsification to form composite EO formulations (EOFs) containing ordinary cinnamon, oregano and clove EOs. These EOFs mainly contained cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and eugenol and exhibited excellent post-storage stability. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of EOFs (at 15.880 μL/mL) was > 88%, and the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was 1.8 mM FeSO4·7H2O. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOFs against E. coli and S. aureus was ∼7.940 μL/mL. The EOFs could cause quick deterioration of bacterial structures, demonstrating high efficacy in bacteria-killing and anti-biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hu
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Hangxin Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Mijia Yu
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Yueqiang Xu
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiheng Lin
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenhua Miao
- Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China.
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Hu J, Huang W, Wang Y, Jin J, Li Y, Chen J, Zheng Y, Deng S. Atmospheric cold plasma: A potential technology to control Shewanella putrefaciens in stored shrimp. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 390:110127. [PMID: 36806858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the inactivation mechanism of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) against Shewanella putrefaciens both in PBS and sterile shrimp juice (SSJ). Reductions in cell density, cell viability, and biofilm formation activity were observed after ACP treatment. ACP cyclical treatment (1 min, 5 times) was more efficient than a one-time treatment (5 min, 1 time). After ACP cyclical treatment, the cell counts and cell viability of S. putrefaciens in PBS were decreased by 3.41 log CFU/mL and 85.30 %, respectively. As for SSJ group, the antibacterial efficiency of ACP declined, but the antibacterial effect of ACP cyclical treatment was still stronger than that of ACP one-time treatment. The biofilm formation activity of S. putrefaciens in PBS was almost completely inhibited, while it gradually returned to normal level with the prolonged of storage time for the SSJ counterpart. The rapid decrease in AKP activity after ACP treatment indicated the damage to cell wall integrity, which was also demonstrated by TEM. In addition, cell membrane and DNA damage of the strain also occurred after ACP treatment. The ROS fluorescence intensity in PBS was higher for the one-time treatment group, while the cyclical treatment group exhibited higher and more stable ozone levels. It was also detected that the total nitric oxide concentration in bacterial suspension depended on the dose of ACP treatment time. ACP treatment (35 kV) for 5 min, especially cyclical treatment, displayed its antibacterial properties on packaged shrimp contaminated with high concentration of S. putrefaciens. ACP cyclical treatment reduced surface bacterial counts of whole shrimps by 0.52 log CFU/mL, while ACP one-time treatment only achieved a decrease of 0.18 log CFU/mL. Therefore, ACP treatment could be considered as a potential alternative to enhance microbial control in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Weijiao Huang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, 316022 Zhoushan, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Shanggui Deng
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, 316022 Zhoushan, China
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Valentin JDP, Altenried S, Varadarajan AR, Ahrens CH, Schreiber F, Webb JS, van der Mei HC, Ren Q. Identification of Potential Antimicrobial Targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms through a Novel Screening Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0309922. [PMID: 36779712 PMCID: PMC10100978 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03099-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of considerable medical importance, owing to its pronounced antibiotic tolerance and association with cystic fibrosis and other life-threatening diseases. The aim of this study was to highlight the genes responsible for P. aeruginosa biofilm tolerance to antibiotics and thereby identify potential new targets for the development of drugs against biofilm-related infections. By developing a novel screening approach and utilizing a public P. aeruginosa transposon insertion library, several biofilm-relevant genes were identified. The Pf phage gene (PA0720) and flagellin gene (fliC) conferred biofilm-specific tolerance to gentamicin. Compared with the reference biofilms, the biofilms formed by PA0720 and fliC mutants were completely eliminated with a 4-fold-lower gentamicin concentration. Furthermore, the mreC, pprB, coxC, and PA3785 genes were demonstrated to play major roles in enhancing biofilm tolerance to gentamicin. The analysis of biofilm-relevant genes performed in this study provides important novel insights into the understanding of P. aeruginosa antibiotic tolerance, which will facilitate the detection of antibiotic resistance and the development of antibiofilm strategies against P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of high medical importance and is one of the main pathogens responsible for the mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis. In addition to inherited antibiotic resistance, P. aeruginosa can form biofilms, defined as communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances adhering to each other and/or to a surface. Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotic treatments and represent a major reason for antibiotic failure in the treatment of chronic infections caused by cystic fibrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at specifically eradicating biofilms. The aim of this study was to generalize a novel screening method for biofilm research and to identify the possible genes involved in P. aeruginosa biofilm tolerance to antibiotics, both of which could improve the understanding of biofilm-related infections and allow for the identification of relevant therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules D. P. Valentin
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Altenried
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Adithi R. Varadarajan
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy S. Webb
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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20
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Algammal AM, Eidaroos NH, Alfifi KJ, Alatawy M, Al-Harbi AI, Alanazi YF, Ghobashy MOI, khafagy AR, Esawy AM, El-Sadda SS, Hetta HF, El-Tarabili RM. oprL Gene Sequencing, Resistance Patterns, Virulence Genes, Quorum Sensing and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Broiler Chickens. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:853-867. [PMID: 36818807 PMCID: PMC9937075 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s401473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in the poultry production sector, and severe respiratory infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, oprL sequencing, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-determinant, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa retrieved from broiler chickens. Methods Two hundred samples were collected from 120 broiler chickens from broiler farms at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Consequently, the bacteriological examination was conducted and the obtained P. aeruginosa strains were tested for oprL gene sequencing, antibiogram, and PCR screening of virulence, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa in the examined birds was 28.3%. The oprL gene sequence analysis underlined that the tested strain expressed a notable genetic identity with various P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different geographical areas in the USA, India, China, Chile, and Ghana. PCR evidenced that the obtained P. aeruginosa strains, carrying virulence-related genes: oprL, toxA, aprA, phzM, and exoS in a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 42.5%, 33.3%, and 25.9%, respectively. Moreover, the recovered P. aeruginosa strains possessed the Quorum sensing genes: lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR in a prevalence of 85.2%, 85.2%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 40.7% of the isolated P. aeruginosa were XDR to seven antimicrobial classes, possessing sul1, bla TEM, tetA, bla CTX-M, bla OXA-1, and aadA1 genes. Conclusion As we can tell, this is the first report emphasizing the evolution of XDR P. aeruginosa strains from broiler chicken in Egypt, which is supposed to be a serious threat to public health. The emerging XDR P. aeruginosa in poultry frequently harbored the oprL, toxA, and aprA virulence genes, the lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR Quorum sensing genes, and the sul1, bla TEM, tetA, bla CTXM, bla OXA-1, and aadA1 resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,Correspondence: Abdelazeem M Algammal, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt, Email
| | - Nada H Eidaroos
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Khyreyah J Alfifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marfat Alatawy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf I Al-Harbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeha O I Ghobashy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia,Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R khafagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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21
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Comparison of Virulence-Factor-Encoding Genes and Genotype Distribution amongst Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021269. [PMID: 36674786 PMCID: PMC9863696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen encoding several virulence factors in its genome, which is well-known for its ability to cause severe and life-threatening infections, particularly among cystic fibrosis patients. The organism is also a major cause of nosocomial infections, mainly affecting patients with immune deficiencies and burn wounds, ventilator-assisted patients, and patients affected by other malignancies. The extensively reported emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains poses additional challenges to the management of infections. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence rates of selected virulence-factor-encoding genes and the genotype distribution amongst clinical multidrug-sensitive (MDS) and MDR P. aeruginosa strains. The study involved 74 MDS and 57 MDR P. aeruginosa strains and the following virulence-factor-encoding genes: lasB, plC H, plC N, exoU, nan1, pilA, and pilB. The genotype distribution, with respect to the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the strains, was also analyzed. The lasB and plC N genes were present amongst several P. aeruginosa strains, including all the MDR P. aeruginosa, suggesting that their presence might be used as a marker for diagnostic purposes. A wide variety of genotype distributions were observed among the investigated isolates, with the MDS and MDR strains exhibiting, respectively, 18 and 9 distinct profiles. A higher prevalence of genes determining the virulence factors in the MDR strains was observed in this study, but more research is needed on the prevalence and expression levels of these genes in additional MDR strains.
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22
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Noman SM, Zeeshan M, Arshad J, Deressa Amentie M, Shafiq M, Yuan Y, Zeng M, Li X, Xie Q, Jiao X. Machine Learning Techniques for Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from Whole Genome Sequence Data. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2023:5236168. [PMID: 36909968 PMCID: PMC9995192 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5236168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Due to the growing availability of genomic datasets, machine learning models have shown impressive diagnostic potential in identifying emerging and reemerging pathogens. This study aims to use machine learning techniques to develop and compare a model for predicting bacterial resistance to a panel of 12 classes of antibiotics using whole genome sequence (WGS) data of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHOD A machine learning technique called Random Forest (RF) and BioWeka was used for classification accuracy assessment and logistic regression (LR) for statistical analysis. RESULTS Our results show 44.66% of isolates were resistant to twelve antimicrobial agents and 55.33% were sensitive. The mean classification accuracy was obtained ≥98% for BioWeka and ≥96 for RF on these families of antimicrobials. Where ampicillin was 99.31% and 94.00%, amoxicillin was 99.02% and 95.21%, meropenem was 98.27% and 96.63%, cefepime was 99.73% and 98.34%, fosfomycin was 96.44% and 99.23%, ceftazidime was 98.63% and 94.31%, chloramphenicol was 98.71% and 96.00%, erythromycin was 95.76% and 97.63%, tetracycline was 99.27% and 98.25%, gentamycin was 98.00% and 97.30%, butirosin was 99.57% and 98.03%, and ciprofloxacin was 96.17% and 98.97% with 10-fold-cross validation. In addition, out of twelve, eight drugs have found no false-positive and false-negative bacterial strains. CONCLUSION The ability to accurately detect antibiotic resistance could help clinicians make educated decisions about empiric therapy based on the local antibiotic resistance pattern. Moreover, infection prevention may have major consequences if such prescribing practices become widespread for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail M. Noman
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jehangir Arshad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 44000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yumeng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Mi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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23
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Shravani V, Selvi GAS, Mantravadi H. Detection of quorum sensing virulence factor genes and its consanguinity to antibiotic sensitivity profile in the clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:899-905. [PMID: 37427331 PMCID: PMC10329239 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.67981.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Virulent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit multidrug resistance by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms which are regulated by quorum sensing signalling systems. This includes the production of auto-inducers and their transcriptional activators to activate various virulence factors resulting in host infections. The present study is thus aimed to detect the virulence factor production, quorum sensing activity, and susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics from clinical specimens. Materials and Methods A total of 122 isolates of P. aeruginosa were phenotypically characterized by standard protocols and were categorized into MDR and non-MDR based on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Pyocyanin, alkaline protease and elastase production were assessed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Crystal violet assay was carried out for the quantification of biofilms. The genetic determinants of virulence were detected by PCR. Results Out of the 122 isolates, 80.3% of isolates were MDR and the production of virulence factors was in positive correlation with the presence of genetic determinants and 19.6% were non-MDR, but still showed the production of virulence factors, as confirmed by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Few carbapenem-resistant strains were detected which did not show the production of virulence factors by both methods. Conclusion The study concludes, though the strains were non-MDR, they were still capable of producing the virulence factors which may be responsible for the dissemination and chronicity of the infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadla Shravani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Mallareddy University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Girija Aseervatham Selvi Selvi
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Himabindu Mantravadi
- Department of Microbiology, Mallareddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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24
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Levipan HA, Irgang R, Opazo LF, Araya-León H, Avendaño-Herrera R. Collective behavior and virulence arsenal of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis in the biofilm realm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1067514. [PMID: 36544910 PMCID: PMC9760808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1067514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis is a fish disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. This disease has a high socio-economic impact on the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry. The bacterium has a cryptic character in the environment and their main reservoirs are yet unknown. Bacterial biofilms represent a ubiquitous mechanism of cell persistence in diverse natural environments and a risk factor for the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases, but their microbiological significance for waterborne veterinary diseases, including piscirickettsiosis, have seldom been evaluated. This study analyzed the in vitro biofilm behavior of P. salmonis LF-89T (genogroup LF-89) and CA5 (genogroup EM-90) using a multi-method approach and elucidated the potential arsenal of virulence of the P. salmonis LF-89T type strain in its biofilm state. P. salmonis exhibited a quick kinetics of biofilm formation that followed a multi-step and highly strain-dependent process. There were no major differences in enzymatic profiles or significant differences in cytotoxicity (as tested on the Chinook salmon embryo cell line) between biofilm-derived bacteria and planktonic equivalents. The potential arsenal of virulence of P. salmonis LF-89T in biofilms, as determined by whole-transcriptome sequencing and differential gene expression analysis, consisted of genes involved in cell adhesion, polysaccharide biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, and gene mobility, among others. Importantly, the global gene expression profiles of P. salmonis LF-89T were not enriched with virulence-related genes upregulated in biofilm development stages at 24 and 48 h. An enrichment in virulence-related genes exclusively expressed in biofilms was also undetected. These results indicate that early and mature biofilm development stages of P. salmonis LF-89T were transcriptionally no more virulent than their planktonic counterparts, which was supported by cytotoxic trials, which, in turn, revealed that both modes of growth induced important and very similar levels of cytotoxicity on the salmon cell line. Our results suggest that the aforementioned biofilm development stages do not represent hot spots of virulence compared with planktonic counterparts. This study provides the first transcriptomic catalogue to select specific genes that could be useful to prevent or control the (in vitro and/or in vivo) adherence and/or biofilm formation by P. salmonis and gain further insights into piscirickettsiosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Levipan
- Laboratorio de Ecopatología y Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile,Centro de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (ATMOS-C), Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile,*Correspondence: Héctor A. Levipan, ; ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
| | - Rute Irgang
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - L. Felipe Opazo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile,Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henry Araya-León
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile,*Correspondence: Héctor A. Levipan, ; ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
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Low Ciprofloxacin Concentrations Select Multidrug-Resistant Mutants Overproducing Efflux Pumps in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0072322. [PMID: 36000896 PMCID: PMC9603996 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00723-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low antibiotic concentrations present in natural environments are a severe and often neglected threat to public health. Even if they are present below their MICs, they may select for antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Notably, the minimal subinhibitory concentrations that select resistant bacteria, and define the respective sub-MIC selective windows, differ between antibiotics. The establishment of these selective concentrations is needed for risk-assessment studies regarding the presence of antibiotics in different habitats. Using short-term evolution experiments in a set of 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates (including high-risk clones with ubiquitous distribution), we have determined that ciprofloxacin sub-MIC selective windows are strain specific and resistome dependent. Nonetheless, in all cases, clinically relevant multidrug-resistant (MDR) mutants emerged upon exposure to low ciprofloxacin concentrations, with these concentrations being below the levels reported in ciprofloxacin-polluted natural habitats where P. aeruginosa can be present. This feature expands the conditions and habitats where clinically relevant quinolone-resistant mutants can emerge. In addition, we established the lowest concentration threshold beyond which P. aeruginosa, regardless of the strain, becomes resistant to ciprofloxacin. Three days of exposure under this sub-MIC "risk concentration" led to the selection of MDR mutants that displayed resistance mechanisms usually ascribed to high selective pressures, i.e., the overproduction of the efflux pumps MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN. From a One-Health viewpoint, these data stress the transcendent role of low drug concentrations, which can be encountered in natural ecosystems, in aggravating the antibiotic resistance problem, especially when it comes to pathogens of environmental origin. IMPORTANCE It has been established that antibiotic concentrations below MICs can select antibiotic-resistant pathogens, a feature of relevance for analyzing the role of nonclinical ecosystems in antibiotic resistance evolution. The range of concentrations where this selection occurs defines the sub-MIC selective window, whose width depends on the antibiotic. Herein, we have determined the ciprofloxacin sub-MIC selective windows of a set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates (including high-risk clones with worldwide distribution) and established the lowest concentration threshold, notably an amount reported to be present in natural ecosystems, beyond which this pathogen acquires resistance. Importantly, our results show that this ciprofloxacin sub-MIC selects for multidrug-resistant mutants overproducing clinically relevant efflux pumps. From a One-Health angle, this information supports that low antimicrobial concentrations, present in natural environments, may have a relevant role in worsening the antibiotic resistance crisis, particularly regarding pathogens with environmental niches, such as P. aeruginosa.
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Ramazani R, Izadi Amoli R, Taghizadeh Armaki M, Pournajaf A, Kaboosi H. A molecular New Update on the Biofilm Production and Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.16.6.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Relationship between Biofilm-Formation, Phenotypic Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091015. [PMID: 36145447 PMCID: PMC9503712 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a protective biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the hallmarks of their survival both in vivo and in harsh environmental conditions, thus, biofilm-eradication has relevance from therapeutic perspectives and for infection control. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming capacity and virulence factors in n = 166 PA isolates of environmental origin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the phenotypic detection of resistance determinants were carried out using standard protocols. The biofilm-forming capacity of PA was tested using a standardized crystal violet microtiter plate-based method. Motility (swimming, swarming, and twitching) and siderophore production of the isolates were also assessed. Resistance rates were highest for ciprofloxacin (46.98%), levofloxacin (45.18%), ceftazidime (31.92%) and cefepime (30.12%); 19.28% of isolates met the criteria to be classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Efflux pump overexpression, AmpC overexpression, and modified Hodge-test positivity were noted in 28.31%, 18.07% and 3.61%, respectively. 22.89% of isolates were weak/non-biofilm producers, while 27.71% and 49.40% were moderate and strong biofilm producers, respectively. Based on MDR status of the isolates, no significant differences in biofilm-production were shown among environmental PA (non-MDR OD570 [mean ± SD]: 0.416 ± 0.167 vs. MDR OD570: 0.399 ± 0.192; p > 0.05). No significant association was observed between either motility types in the context of drug resistance or biofilm-forming capacity (p > 0.05). 83.13% of isolates tested were positive for siderophore production. The importance of PA as a pathogen in chronic and healthcare-associated infections has been described extensively, while there is increasing awareness of PA as an environmental agent in agriculture and aquaculture. Additional studies in this field would be an important undertaking to understand the interrelated nature of biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance, as these insights may become relevant bases for developing novel therapeutics and eradication strategies against PA.
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Louis M, Tahrioui A, Verdon J, David A, Rodrigues S, Barreau M, Manac’h M, Thiroux A, Luton B, Dupont C, Calvé ML, Bazire A, Crépin A, Clabaut M, Portier E, Taupin L, Defontaine F, Clamens T, Bouffartigues E, Cornelis P, Feuilloley M, Caillon J, Dufour A, Berjeaud JM, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S. Effect of Phthalates and Their Substitutes on the Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091788. [PMID: 36144390 PMCID: PMC9502294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in a variety of applications—for example, as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride products to improve their flexibility—and can be easily released into the environment. In addition to being major persistent organic environmental pollutants, some phthalates are responsible for the carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption that are notably affecting steroidogenesis in mammals. Numerous studies have thus focused on deciphering their effects on mammals and eukaryotic cells. While multicellular organisms such as humans are known to display various microbiota, including all of the microorganisms that may be commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic, few studies have aimed at investigating the relationships between phthalates and bacteria, notably regarding their effects on opportunistic pathogens and the severity of the associated pathologies. Herein, the effects of phthalates and their substitutes were investigated on the human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in terms of physiology, virulence, susceptibility to antibiotics, and ability to form biofilms. We show in particular that most of these compounds increased biofilm formation, while some of them enhanced the bacterial membrane fluidity and altered the bacterial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissande Louis
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Audrey David
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rodrigues
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maëliss Manac’h
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Audrey Thiroux
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Baptiste Luton
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Charly Dupont
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Le Calvé
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Alexis Bazire
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Maximilien Clabaut
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Portier
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Laure Taupin
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Florian Defontaine
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emeline Bouffartigues
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jocelyne Caillon
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- EA3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Dufour
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Université de Bretagne-Sud, EA 3884, LBCM, IUEM, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- CNRS UMR7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Unité de Recherche Communication Bactérienne et Stratégies Anti-Infectieuses, CBSA UR4312, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- SéSAD, Fédération de Recherche “Sécurité Sanitaire, Bien Être, Aliment Durable”, Université de Rouen-Normandie, Normandie Université, F-27000 Évreux, France
- IMPERIAL Project Consortium, ANSES, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-32-29-15-60
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Díaz-Pérez SP, Solis CS, López-Bucio JS, Valdez Alarcón JJ, Villegas J, Reyes-De la Cruz H, Campos-Garcia J. Pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Biofilm-Associated Is Dependent on the Pyoverdine and Pyocyanin Siderophores by Quorum Sensing Modulation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02095-5. [PMID: 35948833 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium for humans, animals, and plants, through producing different molecular factors such as biofilm, siderophores, and other virulence factors which favor bacterial establishment and infection in the host. In P. aeruginosa PAO1, the production of these factors is regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms. From them, siderophores are involved in iron acquisition, transport, and homeostasis. They are also considered some of the main virulence factors in P. aeruginosa; however, detailed mechanisms to induce bacterial pathogenesis are poorly understood. In this work, through reverse genetics, we evaluated the function of bacterial pathogenesis in the pvd cluster genes, which are required for synthesizing the siderophore pyoverdine (PVD). Single pvdI, pvdJ, pvdL, and double mutant strains were analyzed, and contrary to expected, the pvdL and pvdI mutations increased the concentration of PVD and other phenazines, such as pyocyanin (PYO) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and also an increased biofilm production and morphology depending on the autoinducer 2-alkyl-4-quinolone (PQS) and the QS molecules acyl-homoserine lactones. Consequently, in the in vivo pathogenicity model of Caenorhabditis elegans, the mutations in pvdI, pvdJ, and pvdL increased the survival of the worms exposed to supernatants or biofilms of the bacterial cultures. However, the double mutant pvdI/pvdJ increased its toxicity in agreeing with the biofilm production, PVD, PYO, and PCA. The findings indicate that the mutations in pvd genes encode non-ribosomal peptide synthetases impacted the biofilm's structure, but suppressively also of the phenazines, confirming that the siderophores contribute to the bacterial establishment and pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharel Pamela Díaz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edif. U-3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Christian Said Solis
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edif. U-3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- Laboratorio de Control Traduccional, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Juan J Valdez Alarcón
- Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Javier Villegas
- Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo, Planta, Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes-De la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Control Traduccional, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Campos-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edif. U-3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
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30
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Detection of blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 Genes and Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamases (CHDLs) in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected from West of Iran, Hamadan. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:3841161. [PMID: 36032180 PMCID: PMC9411009 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3841161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs) are on the rise and are a major public health problem worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to carbapenem; currently, the most effective treatment option is being increasingly reported. This study aimed to identify blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 genes in CHDL strains. Samples were collected from clinical specimens admitted to the hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion methods. CHDL strains were detected using a phenotypic method (disk diffusion). The PCR method was used to identify blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 genes. Piperacillin-resistant strains (n = 9, 17.4%) had the lowest frequency, and cefoxitin-resistant strains (n = 100, 91.7%) had the highest distribution in P. aeruginosa isolates. Also, 29.35%, 12.8%, and 8.2% were multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pan drug-resistant, respectively. MBL-producing P. aeruginosa and KPC-producing P. aeruginosa were detected, respectively, in 47.7% and 37.6% of isolates. Biofilm formation was observed in 63.3% of P. aeruginosa isolates. The frequency of OXA genes was as follows: blaOXA-145 gene in 30 isolates (27.5%), blaOXA-224 in 24 isolates (22.0%), blaOXA-539 in 22 isolates (20.1%), and blaOXA-675 in 13 isolates (11.9%). However, 19 (17.4%) isolates carry all blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 genes. The antimicrobial resistance and OXA genes among biofilm former strains were significantly higher than those of nonbiofilm former strains (
). The emergence of carbapenem-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa has posed serious threats to the community because they exhibit multiple drug resistance, thus limiting the therapeutic options for clinicians.
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New Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa High-Risk Clone ST233 Associated with an Outbreak in a Mexican Paediatric Hospital. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081533. [PMID: 36013951 PMCID: PMC9414371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has favoured the adaptation and dissemination of worldwide high-risk strains. In June 2018, 15 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients and a contaminated multi-dose meropenem vial were characterized to assess their association to an outbreak in a Mexican paediatric hospital. The strains were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility profiling, virulence factors’ production, and biofilm formation. The clonal relationship among isolates was determined with pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) sequencing. Repressor genes for the MexAB-OprM efflux pump were sequenced for haplotype identification. Of the strains, 60% were profiled as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 33% as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 6.6% were classified as sensitive (S). All strains presented intermediate resistance to colistin, and 80% were sensitive to aztreonam. Pyoverdine was the most produced virulence factor. The PFGE technique was performed for the identification of the outbreak, revealing eight strains with the same electrophoretic pattern. ST235 and ten new sequence types (STs) were identified, all closely related to ST233. ST3241 predominated in 26.66% of the strains. Twenty-five synonymous and seventeen nonsynonymous substitutions were identified in the regulatory genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, and nalC was the most variable gene. Six different haplotypes were identified. Strains from the outbreak were metallo-β-lactamases and phylogenetically related to the high-risk clone ST233.
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Behzadi P, Ambrosi C, Scribano D, Zanetti S, Sarshar M, Gajdács M, Donadu MG. Editorial: Current perspectives on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiology, virulence and contemporary strategies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975616. [PMID: 35958138 PMCID: PMC9363151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Márió Gajdács
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Shahri FN, Izanloo A, Goharrizi MASB, Jamali A, Bagheri H, Hjimohammadi A, Ardebili A. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Gorgan, northern Iran. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:709-721. [PMID: 35697891 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen with a capacity of resistance to multiple antibiotics and production of various extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors that clearly contribute to its pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factors, and clonal relationship among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Different clinical specimens from hospitalized patients were investigated for P. aeruginosa. Susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. A total of 97 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from clinical specimens. The percentage of isolates resistant to antimicrobials was imipenem 25.77%, meropenem 15.46%, gentamicin 16.49%, tobramycin 15.46%, amikacin 16.49%, ciprofloxacin 20.61%, levofloxacin 24.74, ceftazidime 20.61%, piperacillin 15.46%, piperacillin/tazobactam 12.37%, colistin 9.27%, and polymyxin B 11.34%. Of isolates, 87.62% possessed β-hemolytic activity, 78.35% lecithinase, 59.8% elastase, 37.11% DNase, and 28.86% twitching motility. The frequency of virulence genes in isolates was lasB 82.47%, plcH 82.47%, exoA 58.76%, exoS 56.7%, and pilA 10.3%. ERIC-PCR typing clustered P. aeruginosa isolates to 19 common types (CT1-CT19) containing isolates from different hospitals and 43 single types (ST1-ST43). Colistin and polymyxin B were the most effective agents against the majority of P. aeruginosa isolates, emphasizing the effort to maintain their antibacterial activity as last-line therapy. The frequency of some virulence factors and genes was noticeably high, which is alarming. In addition, more effective strategies and surveillance are necessary to confine and prevent the inter-hospital and/or intra-hospital dissemination of P. aeruginosa between therapeutic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nemati Shahri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahdieh Izanloo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ailar Jamali
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Hjimohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran.
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Amankwah S, Adisu M, Gorems K, Abdella K, Kassa T. Assessment of Phage-Mediated Inhibition and Removal of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm on Medical Implants. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2797-2811. [PMID: 35668859 PMCID: PMC9166914 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s367460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the growing interest in bacteriophage (phage) usage for the prevention, control, and removal of bacterial biofilms, few scientific data exist on phage applications on medical implant surfaces, while none exists on multiple implants. In this study, we aimed to isolate, biophysically characterize and assess phages as potential antibiofilm agents to inhibit and remove multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on catheter and endotracheal tube surfaces. Methods The well-identified stored clinical isolates (n = 7) of MDR P. aeruginosa were obtained from Jimma Medical Center. Specific phages were isolated and characterized based on standard protocols. The phages were tested for their antibiofilm effects in preventing colonization and removing preformed biofilms of MDR P. aeruginosa, following phage coating and treatment of catheter and endotracheal tube segments. Results Two P. aeruginosa-specific phages (ΦJHS-PA1139 and ΦSMK-PA1139) were isolated from JMC compound sewage sources. The phages were biophysically characterized as being thermally stable up to 40°C and viable between pH 4.0 and 11.0. The two phages tested against clinical MDR strains of P. aeruginosa showed broad host ranges but not on other tested bacterial species. Both phages reduced MDR bacterial biofilms during the screening step. The phage-coated segments showed 1.2 log10 up to 3.2 log10 inhibition relative to non-coated segments following 6 h coating of segments prior to microbial load exposure. In both phages, 6 h treatment of the segments with 106 PFU/mL yielded 1.0 log10 up to 1.6 log10 reductions for ΦJHS and 1.6 log10 up to 2.4 log10 reductions for ΦSMK. Conclusion Our results suggest that phages have great potential to serve the dual purpose as surface coating agents for preventing MDR bacterial colonization in medical implants and as biofilm removal agents in implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Amankwah
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mekonen Adisu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Kasahun Gorems
- Microbiology Laboratory of Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
- St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Abdella
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Evaluation of a Conformationally Constrained Indole Carboxamide as a Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060716. [PMID: 35740123 PMCID: PMC9220351 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide intrinsic antimicrobial resistance by facilitating the extrusion of a wide range of antimicrobials. Approaches for combating efflux-mediated multidrug resistance involve, in part, developing indirect antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting efflux, thus rescuing the activity of antimicrobials previously rendered inactive by efflux. Herein, TXA09155 is presented as a novel efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) formed by conformationally constraining our previously reported EPI TXA01182. TXA09155 demonstrates strong potentiation in combination with multiple antibiotics with efflux liabilities against wild-type and multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. At 6.25 µg/mL, TXA09155, showed ≥8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA09155. TXA09155 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) to levofloxacin and enhance the killing kinetics of moxifloxacin. Most importantly, TXA09155 outperformed the levofloxacin-potentiation activity of EPIs TXA01182 and MC-04,124 against a CDC/FDA panel of MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. TXA09155 possesses favorable physiochemical and ADME properties that warrant its optimization and further development.
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Martínez Pérez-Crespo PM, Rojas Á, Lanz-García JF, Retamar-Gentil P, Reguera-Iglesias JM, Lima-Rodríguez O, del Arco Jiménez A, Fernández Suárez J, Jover-Saenz A, Goikoetxea Aguirre J, León Jiménez E, Cantón-Bulnes ML, Ortega Lafont P, Armiñanzas Castillo C, Sevilla Blanco J, Cuquet Pedragosa J, Boix-Palop L, Becerril Carral B, Bahamonde-Carrasco A, Marrodan Ciordia T, Natera Kindelán C, Reche Molina IM, Herrero Rodríguez C, Pérez Camacho I, Vinuesa García D, Galán-Sánchez F, Smithson Amat A, Merino de Lucas E, Sánchez-Porto A, Guzmán García M, López-Hernández I, Rodríguez-Baño J, López-Cortés LE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections: Characterization, Diagnostic Predictors, and Predictive Score Development-Results from the PRO-BAC Cohort. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060707. [PMID: 35740114 PMCID: PMC9220177 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI) caused by gram-negative bacilli are common and associated with significant mortality; those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with worse prognosis and higher rates of inadequateempirical antibiotic treatment. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of patients with CO-BSI caused by P. aeruginosa, to identify predictors, and to develop a predictive score for P. aeruginosa CO-BSI. Materials/methods: PROBAC is a prospective cohort including patients >14 years with BSI from 26 Spanish hospitals between October 2016 and May 2017. Patients with monomicrobial P. aeruginosa CO-BSI and monomicrobial Enterobacterales CO-BSI were included. Variables of interest were collected. Independent predictors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CO-BSI were identified by logistic regression and a prediction score was developed. Results: A total of 78patients with P. aeruginosa CO-BSI and 2572 with Enterobacterales CO-BSI were included. Patients with P. aeruginosa had a median age of 70 years (IQR 60−79), 68.8% were male, median Charlson score was 5 (IQR 3−7), and 30-daymortality was 18.5%. Multivariate analysis identified the following predictors of CO-BSI-PA [adjusted OR (95% CI)]: male gender [1.89 (1.14−3.12)], haematological malignancy [2.45 (1.20−4.99)], obstructive uropathy [2.86 (1.13−3.02)], source of infection other than urinary tract, biliary tract or intra-abdominal [6.69 (4.10−10.92)] and healthcare-associated BSI [1.85 (1.13−3.02)]. Anindex predictive of CO-BSI-PA was developed; scores ≥ 3.5 showed a negative predictive value of 89% and an area under the receiver operator curve (ROC) of 0.66. Conclusions: We did not find a good predictive score of P. aeruginosa CO-BSI due to its relatively low incidence in the overall population. Our model includes variables that are easy to collect in real clinical practice and could be useful to detect patients with very low risk of P. aeruginosa CO-BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Rojas
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Joaquín Felipe Lanz-García
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
| | - Pilar Retamar-Gentil
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
| | - José María Reguera-Iglesias
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Olalla Lima-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36312 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Alfonso del Arco Jiménez
- Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, 29603 Marbella, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Fernández Suárez
- Unidad de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Jover-Saenz
- Unidad Funcional de Infecciones Nosocomiales, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 25198 Lérida, Spain;
| | | | - Eva León Jiménez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Pilar Ortega Lafont
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Carlos Armiñanzas Castillo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Juan Sevilla Blanco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| | - Jordi Cuquet Pedragosa
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Granollers, 08402 Granollers, Spain;
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Berta Becerril Carral
- Unidad Clínica de Gestión de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Área Sanitaria del Campo de Gibraltar, 11207 Cádiz, Spain;
| | | | - Teresa Marrodan Ciordia
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Clara Natera Kindelán
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Carmen Herrero Rodríguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Inés Pérez Camacho
- Unidad de Medicina Tropical, Hospital General de Poniente, 04700 El Ejido, Spain;
| | - David Vinuesa García
- Unidad Gestión Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Fátima Galán-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Smithson Amat
- Unidad de Medicina Interna, Fundació Hospital de l’Esperit Sant, 08923 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain;
| | - Esperanza Merino de Lucas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario General de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Porto
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital de la Línea de la Concepción, 11300 La Línea de la Concepción, Spain;
| | | | - Inmaculada López-Hernández
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-660-839-073; Fax: +34-955-926-552
| | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena and Department of Medicine, University of Sevilla/Biomedicines Institute of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (P.M.M.P.-C.); (J.F.L.-G.); (P.R.-G.); (I.L.-H.); (L.E.L.-C.)
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Phenotypic Adaptation to Antiseptics and Effects on Biofilm Formation Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Early Colonizers in Dental Plaque. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050688. [PMID: 35625332 PMCID: PMC9137571 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide-spread use of antiseptics in dental practice and oral care products, there is little public awareness of potential risks associated with antiseptic resistance and potentially concomitant cross-resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate potential phenotypic adaptation in 177 clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque (Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Rothia and Veillonella spp.) upon repeated exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) over 10 passages using a modified microdilution method. Stability of phenotypic adaptation was re-evaluated after culture in antiseptic-free nutrient broth for 24 or 72 h. Strains showing 8-fold minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)-increase were further examined regarding their biofilm formation capacity, phenotypic antibiotic resistance and presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Eight-fold MIC-increases to CHX were detected in four Streptococcus isolates. These strains mostly exhibited significantly increased biofilm formation capacity compared to their respective wild-type strains. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was detected to tetracycline and erythromycin, consistent with the detected ARGs. In conclusion, this study shows that clinical isolates of early colonizers of dental plaque can phenotypically adapt toward antiseptics such as CHX upon repeated exposure. The underlying mechanisms at genomic and transcriptomic levels need to be investigated in future studies.
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Donadu MG, Ferrari M, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Kushkevych I, Rittmann SKMR, Stájer A, Baráth Z, Szabó D, Urbán E, Gajdács M. No Correlation between Biofilm-Forming Capacity and Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Staphylococcus spp.: In Vitro Results. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040471. [PMID: 35456146 PMCID: PMC9031815 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biofilms is a critical factor in facilitating the survival of Staphylococcus spp. in vivo and in protecting against various environmental noxa. The possible relationship between the antibiotic-resistant phenotype and biofilm-forming capacity has raised considerable interest. The purpose of the study was to assess the interdependence between biofilm-forming capacity and the antibiotic-resistant phenotype in 299 Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus n = 143, non-aureus staphylococci [NAS] n = 156) of environmental origin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of methicillin resistance (MR) was performed. The capacity of isolates to produce biofilms was assessed using Congo red agar (CRA) plates and a crystal violet microtiter-plate-based (CV-MTP) method. MR was identified in 46.9% of S. aureus and 53.8% of NAS isolates (p > 0.05), with resistance to most commonly used drugs being significantly higher in MR isolates compared to methicillin-susceptible isolates. Resistance rates were highest for clindamycin (57.9%), erythromycin (52.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.1%), while susceptibility was retained for most last-resort drugs. Based on the CRA plates, biofilm was produced by 30.8% of S. aureus and 44.9% of NAS (p = 0.014), while based on the CV-MTP method, 51.7% of S. aureus and 62.8% of NAS were identified as strong biofilm producers, respectively (mean OD570 values: S. aureus: 0.779±0.471 vs. NAS: 1.053±0.551; p < 0.001). No significant differences in biofilm formation were observed based on MR (susceptible: 0.824 ± 0.325 vs. resistant: 0.896 ± 0.367; p = 0.101). However, pronounced differences in biofilm formation were identified based on rifampicin susceptibility (S: 0.784 ± 0.281 vs. R: 1.239 ± 0.286; p = 0.011). The mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms Staphylococcus spp. use to withstand harsh environmental and in vivo conditions is crucial to appropriately address the therapy and eradication of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ivan Kushkevych
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria;
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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Ulloa ER, Sakoulas G. Azithromycin: An Underappreciated Quinolone-Sparing Oral Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:515. [PMID: 35453266 PMCID: PMC9024921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Outpatient treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is challenged by increasing rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, the only class of antibiotics which offers an established oral route of administration against this organism. Azithromycin does not demonstrate activity against P. aeruginosa when evaluated under standard methods of susceptibility testing with bacteriologic media. However, growing evidence shows that azithromycin is very active against P. aeruginosa when using physiologic media that recapitulate the in vivo milieu and is supported by animal models of infection and various clinical settings, including cystic fibrosis. We present three cases of outpatient management of P. aeruginosa otolaryngological infections successfully treated with oral azithromycin, 500 mg daily ranging from 3-8 weeks, where use of fluoroquinolones was not possible due to either resistance or patient intolerance. We review the previous data supporting this clinical approach, in the hope that this will alert clinicians to this treatment option and to inspire a more thorough clinical trial evaluation of azithromycin in this environment of growing medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda R. Ulloa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections: An Evolution of Technologies towards Accurate and Rapid Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040511. [PMID: 35453262 PMCID: PMC9029869 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a leading cause of death worldwide. The lack of timely and reliable diagnostic practices is an ongoing issue for managing BSI. The current gold standard blood culture practice for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing is time-consuming. Delayed diagnosis warrants the use of empirical antibiotics, which could lead to poor patient outcomes, and risks the development of antibiotic resistance. Hence, novel techniques that could offer accurate and timely diagnosis and susceptibility testing are urgently needed. This review focuses on BSI and highlights both the progress and shortcomings of its current diagnosis. We surveyed clinical workflows that employ recently approved technologies and showed that, while offering improved sensitivity and selectivity, these techniques are still unable to deliver a timely result. We then discuss a number of emerging technologies that have the potential to shorten the overall turnaround time of BSI diagnosis through direct testing from whole blood—while maintaining, if not improving—the current assay’s sensitivity and pathogen coverage. We concluded by providing our assessment of potential future directions for accelerating BSI pathogen identification and the antibiotic susceptibility test. While engineering solutions have enabled faster assay turnaround, further progress is still needed to supplant blood culture practice and guide appropriate antibiotic administration for BSI patients.
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Jepsen K, Falk W, Brune F, Cosgarea R, Fimmers R, Bekeredjian-Ding I, Jepsen S. Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Trends of Selected Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, and Candida albicans in the Subgingival Microbiota of German Periodontitis Patients: A Retrospective Surveillance Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030385. [PMID: 35326848 PMCID: PMC8944811 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal microbiota is ecologically diverse and may facilitate colonization by bacteria of enteric origin (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci) and co-infections with Candida albicans, possibly producing subgingival biofilms with high antimicrobial tolerance. This retrospective surveillance study followed periodontitis-associated superinfection profiles in a large patient sample. From 2008 to 2015, biofilm samples from deep periodontal pockets were collected from a total of 16,612 German adults diagnosed with periodontitis. The presence of selected Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, and Candida albicans was confirmed in overnight cultures. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these clinical isolates was tested by disk diffusion with antibiotics routinely used for treatment of oral infections, e.g., amoxicillin (AML), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), doxycycline (DO), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The mean annual prevalence of patients harboring Enterobacteriaceae in periodontal plaques was 11.5% in total and ranged from 2.5% for Enterobacter cloacae to 3.6% for Klebsiella oxytoca, 1.1% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.8% for Serratia marcescens, and 1.5% for Serratia liquefaciens. In comparison, the mean detection rates for microbiota typically found in the oral cavity were higher, e.g., 5.6% for Enterococcus spp. and 21.8% for Candida albicans. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, species harboring intrinsic resistance to AML (Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp.) were predominant. Non-susceptibility to AMC was observed for Serratia spp. and Enterobacter cloacae. By contrast, Enterococcus spp. only showed non-susceptibility to DO and CIP. Trends for increasing resistance were found to AML in Serratia liquefaciens and to DO in Enterococcus spp. Trend analysis showed decreasing resistance to AMC in Serratia liquefaciens and Klebsiella oxytoca; and to DO in Serratia marcescens, liquefaciens, and Enterobacter cloacae. This study confirms the low but consistent presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci among the subgingival microbiota recovered from periodontitis specimen. Although their pathogenetic role in periodontal lesions remains unclear, their presence in the oral cavity should be recognized as a potential reservoir for development and spread of antibiotic resistance in light of antibiotic usage in oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (F.B.); (R.C.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-22480
| | - Wolfgang Falk
- Service Laboratory, Center for Oral & Dental Microbiology, 24103 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Friederike Brune
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (F.B.); (R.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (F.B.); (R.C.); (S.J.)
- Clinic for Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Clinic of Prosthodontics, Iuliu Hatieganu University Cluj-Napoca, 40006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (F.B.); (R.C.); (S.J.)
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Fang Y, Baloch Z, Zhang W, Hu Y, Zheng R, Song Y, Tai W, Xia X. Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant ST244, ST292, and ST2446 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clones in Burn Patients in Yunnan Province. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1103-1114. [PMID: 35321081 PMCID: PMC8935738 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s353130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing persistently, particularly in burn ward isolates. Here, we investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a burn ward of a provincial-level hospital at Kunming, Yunnan province, China. Methods A total of 118 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 57 hospitalized patients, and their MICs were measured. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were selected for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Carbapenem-resistance mechanisms were identified by examining carbapenemase genes and OprD protein and Carba-NP testing. Representative isolates were further characterized by de novo sequencing for carbapenemase molecular background. Results Among 118 P. aeruginosa isolates, 54 (54/118,45.8%) were carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 3 genotypes were found (ST292, ST244, and ST2446). Non-carbapenemase-producing ST292 was the most prevalent ST, followed by ST2446 and ST244. A novel 13-bp oprD deletion was found in the ST292 clone, which formed the truncated outer membrane protein and may cause carbapenem resistance. ST244 and ST2446 harbored blaIMP-45 and blaIMP-87, respectively. blaIMP-45 is located in a megaplasmid, together with aac(6’)-Ib3, blaOXA-1, catB3, qnrVC6, armA, msr(E), mph(E), aph(3’)-Ia, tetC/tetR, aac(6’)-Ib3, floR, mexC-mexD-oprJ, fosA and lead to extensive drug resistance. ST2446 contains a carbapenem-resistant gene blaIMP-87 on the chromosome and is acquired by a novel gene cassette array (blaIMP-87-ant(2”)-Ia-blaOXA-10-aac(6’)-Ib3) of class 1 integron. Discussion For the first time, ST244, ST292 and ST2446 are reported emerging in burn patients, with distinctive carbapenem-resistance mechanisms, respectively. The obtained results highlight the need to surveillance carbapenem-resistant isolates in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- The Affiliated AnNing First Hospital & Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- The Affiliated AnNing First Hospital & Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zheng
- The First Hospital of Yunnan Province & The Affiliated Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- The Affiliated AnNing First Hospital & Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuzhu Song; Xueshan Xia, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-871-65920756, Fax +86-871-65920570, Email ;
| | - Wenlin Tai
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- The Affiliated AnNing First Hospital & Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People’s Republic of China
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Heidari R, Farajzadeh Sheikh A, Hashemzadeh M, Farshadzadeh Z, Salmanzadeh S, Saki M. Antibiotic resistance, biofilm production ability and genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from nosocomial infections in southwestern Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3811-3822. [PMID: 35169997 PMCID: PMC8853202 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and genetic diversity of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) strains isolated from four types of nosocomial infections (NIs) including urinary tract infection (UTI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), surgical site infection (SSI), and bloodstream infection (BSI). Methods and results In total, 115 isolates of NIs-causing P. aeruginosa were collected from NIs. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations. Biofilm formation was tested on 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates (MTP). CRPA isolates were genotyped using multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The most resistance and susceptibility rates were observed to amikacin (70.6%) and colistin (96.1%), respectively. Colistin and meropenem were the most active antimicrobial agents in VAP, SSI, and BSI. While, colistin and cefepime were the most active in UTIs. In total, 52.2% (n = 60/115) of P. aeruginosa isolates were carbapenem resistant, of which 95.0%, 55.0%, and 5.0% were multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pandrug-resistant, respectively. There was a significant association between resistance to carbapenem and resistance to other antibiotics except for piperacillin/tazobactam. The biofilm production of CRPA isolates was 95.0%, of which 23.3% were strong biofilm producers. Based on MLVA, there were 34 different types of CRPA isolates classified into three main clusters and 5 sub clusters. Conclusion The association of CRPA with other antibiotic resistance, the high rates of biofilm production, and the high genetic diversity of the isolates may be a warning of the need for a careful surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shokrollah Salmanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Tropical Medicine Ward, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Paprocka P, Durnaś B, Mańkowska A, Skłodowski K, Król G, Zakrzewska M, Czarnowski M, Kot P, Fortunka K, Góźdź S, Savage PB, Bucki R. New β-Lactam Antibiotics and Ceragenins - A Study to Assess Their Potential in Treatment of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 14:5681-5698. [PMID: 34992394 PMCID: PMC8715797 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s338827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa posed a very serious challenge for clinical practice. This standing is driving scientists to develop new antibiotics against these microorganisms. Methods In this study, we measured the MIC/MBC values and estimated the ability of tested molecules to prevent bacterial biofilm formation to explore the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, and ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131 against 150 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were divided into five groups, based on their antibiotic resistance profiles to beta-lactams. Selected strains of microorganisms from each group were also subjected to prolonged incubations (20 passages) with ceragenins to probe the development of resistance towards those molecules. Cytotoxicity of tested ceragenins was evaluated using human red blood cell (RBCs) hemolysis and microscopy observations of human lung epithelial A549 cells after ceragenin treatment. Poloxamer 407 (pluronic F-127) at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5% was tested as a potential drug delivery substrate to reduce ceragenin toxicity. Results Collected data proved that ceragenins at low concentrations are highly active against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa regardless of their resistance mechanisms to conventional antibiotics. Ceragenins also show low potential for resistance development, high antibiofilm activity, and controlled toxicity when used together with poloxamer 407. Conclusion This data strongly supports the need for further study directed to develop this group of molecules as new antibiotics to fighting infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Paprocka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.,Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Angelika Mańkowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Czarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Fortunka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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45
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Park Y, Koo SH. Epidemiology, Molecular Characteristics, and Virulence Factors of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:141-151. [PMID: 35058697 PMCID: PMC8765443 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s346313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen that causes urinary tract infections. Carbapenems are the drugs of choice for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. However, the emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) is a serious global health threat. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, drug resistance, and virulence factors of CRPA isolated from urine samples. Methods A total of 124 P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from urine samples collected between March 2020 and February 2021. Clonal relatedness was evaluated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests and investigated the presence of carbapenemase genes and virulence factors in CRPA isolates. Results The carbapenem resistance rate of the isolated P. aeruginosa was 46.7% (59/124). A total of 54 (91.5%) out of the 59 CRPA isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant. The majority of the CRPA isolates (81.4%, 48/59) harbored carbapenemase genes, such as blaIMP-6 or blaNDM-1. In an epidemiological analysis using MLST, 88.1% of CRPA isolates were confirmed to be ST773 (50.8%, 30/59) or ST235 (37.3%, 22/59). The CRPA isolates harboring blaIMP-6 and blaNDM-1 belonged to ST235 (PFGE pulsotypes E1-E18, F) and ST773 (PFGE pulsotypes H1-H2, I1-I16) subtypes, respectively. The studied CRPA isolates simultaneously harbored 10 to 14 virulence factors of the 16 virulence factors examined. Nine virulence factor genes (toxA, exoT, plcH, plcN, phzM, phzS, lasB, aprA, and algD) were identified in all CRPA isolates. Conclusion Our study shows that P. aeruginosa ST235 harboring blaIMP-6 and ST773 harboring blaNDM-1—known internationally as high-risk clones with multiple virulence factors—are widely spread in the study area. These findings suggest that continuous monitoring is necessary to prevent the further spread of carbapenemase-producing CRPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine and Myunggok Medical Research Center, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hoe Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sun Hoe Koo Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of KoreaTel +82-42-280-7798Fax +82-42-280-5365 Email
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46
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Thees AV, Pietrosimone KM, Melchiorre CK, Marden JN, Graf J, Lynes MA, Maltz-Matyschsyk M. PmtA Regulates Pyocyanin Expression and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:789765. [PMID: 34867928 PMCID: PMC8636135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a small molecular weight, cysteine-rich protein (PmtA), identified as a metallothionein (MT) protein family member. The MT family proteins have been well-characterized in eukaryotes as essential for zinc and copper homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, and the ability to modify a variety of immune activities. Bacterial MTs share sequence homology, antioxidant chemistry, and heavy metal-binding capacity with eukaryotic MTs, however, the impact of bacterial MTs on virulence and infection have not been well-studied. In the present study, we investigated the role of PmtA in P. aeruginosa PAO1 using a PmtA-deficient strain (ΔpmtA). Here we demonstrated the virulence factor, pyocyanin, relies on the expression of PmtA. We showed that PmtA may be protective against oxidative stress, as an alternative antioxidant, glutathione, can rescue pyocyanin expression. Furthermore, the expression of phzM, which encodes a pyocyanin precursor enzyme, was decreased in the ΔpmtA mutant during early stationary phase. Upregulated pmtA expression was previously detected in confluent biofilms, which are essential for chronic infection, and we observed that the ΔpmtA mutant was disrupted for biofilm formation. As biofilms also modulate antibiotic susceptibility, we examined the ΔpmtA mutant susceptibility to antibiotics and found that the ΔpmtA mutant is more susceptible to cefepime and ciprofloxacin than the wild-type strain. Finally, we observed that the deletion of pmtA results in decreased virulence in a waxworm model. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that PmtA is necessary for the full virulence of P. aeruginosa and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Thees
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Kathryn M Pietrosimone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Clare K Melchiorre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Jeremiah N Marden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Michele Maltz-Matyschsyk
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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47
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Cervoni M, Lo Sciuto A, Bianchini C, Mancone C, Imperi F. Exogenous and Endogenous Phosphoethanolamine Transferases Differently Affect Colistin Resistance and Fitness in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:778968. [PMID: 34777328 PMCID: PMC8578941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.778968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin represents a last-line treatment option for infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance generally involves the modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with positively charged molecules, namely phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) or 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N), that reduce colistin affinity for its target. Several lines of evidence highlighted lipid A aminoarabinosylation as the primary colistin resistance mechanism in P. aeruginosa, while the contribution of phosphoethanolamination remains elusive. PEtN modification can be due to either endogenous (chromosomally encoded) PEtN transferase(s) (e.g., EptA in P. aeruginosa) or plasmid borne MCR enzymes, commonly found in enterobacteria. By individually cloning eptA and mcr-1 into a plasmid for inducible gene expression, we demonstrated that MCR-1 and EptA have comparable PEtN transferase activity in P. aeruginosa and confer colistin resistance levels similar to those provided by lipid A aminoarabinosylation. Notably, EptA, but not MCR-1, negatively affects P. aeruginosa growth and, to a lesser extent, cell envelope integrity when expressed at high levels. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that PEtN transferase activity does not account for the noxious effects of EptA overexpression, that instead requires a C-terminal tail unique to P. aeruginosa EptA, whose function remains unknown. Overall, this study shows that both endogenous and exogenous PEtN transferases can promote colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa, and that PEtN and MCR-1 mediated resistance has no impact on growth and cell envelope homeostasis, suggesting that there may be no fitness barriers to the spread of mcr-1 in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmine Mancone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Martínez-Alcantar L, Orozco G, Díaz-Pérez AL, Villegas J, Reyes-De la Cruz H, García-Pineda E, Campos-García J. Participation of Acyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase FadD4 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in Acyclic Terpene/Fatty Acid Assimilation and Virulence by Lipid A Modification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785112. [PMID: 34867927 PMCID: PMC8637051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses high metabolic versatility, with its effectiveness to cause infections likely due to its well-regulated genetic content. P. aeruginosa PAO1 has at least six fadD paralogous genes, which have been implicated in fatty acid (FA) degradation and pathogenicity. In this study, we used mutagenesis and a functional approach in P. aeruginosa PAO1 to determine the roles of the fadD4 gene in acyclic terpene (AT) and FA assimilation and on pathogenicity. The results indicate that fadD4 encodes a terpenoyl-CoA synthetase utilized for AT and FA assimilation. Additionally, mutations in fadD paralogs led to the modification of the quorum-sensing las/rhl systems, as well as the content of virulence factors pyocyanin, biofilm, rhamnolipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and polyhydroxyalkanoates. In a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo pathogenicity model, culture supernatants from the 24-h-grown fadD4 single mutant increased lethality compared to the PAO1 wild-type (WT) strain; however, the double mutants fadD1/fadD2, fadD1/fadD4, and fadD2/fadD4 and single mutant fadD2 increased worm survival. A correlation analysis indicated an interaction between worm death by the PAO1 strain, the fadD4 mutation, and the virulence factor LPS. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of LPS revealed that a proportion of the LPS and FA on lipid A were modified by the fadD4 mutation, suggesting that FadD4 is also involved in the synthesis/degradation and modification of the lipid A component of LPS. LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD4 and fadD2/fadD4 showed a differential behavior to induce an increase in body temperature in rats injected with LPS compared to the WT strain or from the fadD1 and fadD2 mutants. In agreement, LPS isolated from the fadD4 mutant and double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD2/fadD4 increased the induction of IL-8 in rat sera, but IL1-β cytokine levels decreased in the double mutants fadD1/fadD2 and fadD1/fadD4. The results indicate that the fadD genes are implicated in the degree of pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 induced by LPS-lipid A, suggesting that FadD4 contributes to the removal of acyl-linked FA from LPS, rendering modification in its immunogenic response associated to Toll-like receptor TLR4. The genetic redundancy of fadD is important for bacterial adaptability and pathogenicity over the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Martínez-Alcantar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Orozco
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alma Laura Díaz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Javier Villegas
- Laboratorio de Interacción Suelo, Planta, Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes-De la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Control Traduccional, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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