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Islam MR, Azmal M, Prima FS, Zaman B, Hossain MM, Mishu MA, Ghosh A. Retention of methicillin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus using natural adjuvant as an allosteric modifier of penicillin-binding protein 2a. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109070. [PMID: 39205340 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant global public health challenge due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics, primarily mediated by the mutated penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a. This study aims to investigate the potential of phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants in the Indian subcontinent to serve as adjuvants, enhancing the efficacy of methicillin against MRSA through allosteric modification of PBP2a using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. After comprehensive Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) profiling, along with AMES and hepatotoxicity tests, 9 compounds were shortlisted as suitable adjuvant candidates. Among them, nimbolide, quercetin, emodin, daidzein, eriodictyol, luteolin, and apigenin exhibited strong binding affinity to the allosteric site of PBP2a, with docking scores ranging from -8.7 to -7.3 kcal/mol. These phytochemicals facilitated enhanced methicillin binding, as evidenced by improved docking scores ranging from -6.1 to -6.8 kcal/mol, compared to -5.6 kcal/mol for methicillin alone. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability and favorable conformations of phytochemical-PBP2a complexes. Quercetin and daidzein were identified as the most promising adjuvant candidates, forming stable and energetically favorable complexes with PBP2a. Experimental validation showed that quercetin, at 30 mg/mL, effectively retained methicillin's antibacterial efficacy against MRSA. This study underscores the potential of natural compounds in overcoming antibiotic resistance and suggests that phytochemical-antibiotic synergism could be a viable strategy to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rubiath Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahir Azmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Sultana Prima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Bushra Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muluk Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Moshiul Alam Mishu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
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Xu S, Kang A, Tian Y, Li X, Qin S, Yang R, Guo Y. Plant Flavonoids with Antimicrobial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3086-3097. [PMID: 38833551 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a serious threat to human public health and global economic development, and there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents. Flavonoids are the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and the anti-S. aureus and anti-MRSA activities of flavonoids have now been widely reported. The aim of this Review is to describe plant-derived flavonoid active ingredients and their effects and mechanisms of inhibitory activity against MRSA in order to provide insights for screening novel antimicrobial agents. Here, 85 plant-derived flavonoids (14 flavones, 21 flavonols, 26 flavanones, 9 isoflavones, 12 chalcones, and 3 other classes) with anti-MRSA activity are reviewed. Among these flavonoids, flavones and isoflavones generally showed the most significant anti-MRSA activity (MICs: 1-8 μg/mL). The results of the present Review display that most of the flavonoids with excellent anti-MRSA activity were derived from Morus alba L. and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. The antibacterial mechanism of flavonoids against MRSA is mainly achieved by disruption of membrane structures, inhibition of efflux pumps, and inhibition of β-lactamases and bacterial virulence factors. We hope this Review can provide insights into the development of novel antimicrobials based on natural products for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ayue Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Liu L, Wang L, Liu X, Wang B, Guo X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Guan J, Zhao Y. Elucidating the potential of isorhapontigenin in targeting the MgrA regulatory network: a paradigm shift for attenuating MRSA virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0061124. [PMID: 39046236 PMCID: PMC11373206 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00611-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exhibits formidable resistance to many drugs, the imperative for alternative therapeutic strategies becomes increasingly evident. At the heart of our study is the identification of a novel inhibitor through fluorescence anisotropy assays, specifically targeting the crucial multiple gene regulator A (MgrA) regulatory network in S. aureus. Isorhapontigenin (Iso), a natural compound, exhibits outstanding inhibitory efficacy, modulating bacterial virulence pathways without exerting direct bactericidal activity. This suggests a paradigm shift toward attenuating virulence instead of purely focusing on bacterial elimination. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations, we elucidated the complex interplay between Iso and MgrA, leading to reduced S. aureus adhesion, and overall virulence. At the cellular level, Iso offers significant protection to A549 cells infected with S. aureus, reducing cellular damage. Importantly, Iso augments the chemotaxis of neutrophils, curtailing the immune evasion capabilities of S. aureus. Furthermore, in vivo investigations highlight the notable effectiveness of Iso against MRSA-induced pneumonia and within the Galleria mellonella infection model, underscoring its pivotal role in the evolving realm of antibacterial drug discovery. Significantly, when Iso is used in combination with vancomycin, it outperforms its solo application, indicating a more pronounced therapeutic impact. This seminal research emphasizes Iso's potential as a primary defense against the surge of multidrug-resistant pathogens, heralding new prospects in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuerui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yueshan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kathiresan N, Harini K, Veera Ravi A, Veerabharathi P, Pandi S, Ramesh M, Awere CO, Langeswaran K. Deciphering the Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hydnocarpus wightianus Seed Extracts using in vitro and in silico approaches. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106798. [PMID: 39025383 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Phytocompounds possess the potential to treat a broad spectrum of disorders due to their remarkable bioactivity. Naturally occurring compounds possess lower toxicity profiles, which making them attractive targets for drug development. Hydnocarpus wightianus seeds were extracted using ethanol, acetone, and hexane solvents. The extracts were evaluated for phytochemicals screening and other therapeutic characteristics, such as free radicals scavenging, anti α-amylase, anti α-glucosidase, and anti-bacterial activities. The ethanolic extract exhibited noteworthy antibacterial characteristics and demonstrated considerable antioxidant, and anti-diabetic effects. The IC50 value of the ethanolic extract for Dpph, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were found to be 77.299 ± 3.381 μg/mL, 165.56 2.56 μg/mL, and 136.58 ± 5.82 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract was effective against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (26 mm zone of inhibition at 100 μL concentration). Molecular docking investigations revealed the phytoconstituent's inhibitory mechanisms against diabetic, free radicals, and bacterial activity. Docking score for phytocompounds against targeted protein varies from -7.2 to -5.1 kcal/mol. The bioactive compounds present in the ethanolic extract were identified by Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry analysis, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies to further explore the phytoconstituent's inhibitory mechanism of α-glucosidase, ∝-amylase, radical scavenging, and bacterial activity. The electronic structure and possible pharmacological actions of the phytocompound were revealed through the use of Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis. Computational and in vitro studies revealed that these identified compounds have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial activities against antibiotic-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachammai Kathiresan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasilingam Harini
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sangavi Pandi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Collince Omondi Awere
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulanthaivel Langeswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biomedical Science, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tiwana G, Cock IE, Cheesman MJ. Phyllanthus niruri Linn.: Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemistry, and Enhanced Antibiotic Combinatorial Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:654. [PMID: 39061336 PMCID: PMC11273511 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat caused by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. It leads to infections becoming difficult to treat, causing serious illness, disability, and death. Current antibiotic development is slow, with only 25% of current antibiotics exhibiting novel mechanisms against critical pathogens. Traditional medicinal plants' secondary metabolites offer potential for developing novel antibacterial compounds. These compounds, often with strong antimicrobial activity, can be used to develop safe and effective antibacterial chemotherapies. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. extracts against a panel of bacterial pathogens using disc diffusion and microdilution assays and quantified by calculation of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Additionally, the effects of combinations of the extracts and selected conventional antibiotics were examined by sum of fractional inhibition concentration (ƩFIC) calculation and isobologram analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) phytochemistry analysis was used to identify noteworthy compounds in the active extracts and the Artemia nauplii bioassay was used to evaluate toxicity. The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited notable antibacterial activity in the broth microdilution assay against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (MIC = 669 µg/mL and 738 µg/mL, respectively). The methanolic extract also showed noteworthy antibacterial action in the broth assay against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 738 µg/mL). The aqueous extract had noteworthy growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus (MIC = 669 µg/mL), whilst the methanolic extract demonstrated good antibacterial activity against that bacterium (MIC = 184 µg/mL). The aqueous and methanol extracts showed minimal antibacterial action against Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei. The extracts were subjected to LC-MS analysis, which revealed several interesting phytochemicals, including a variety of flavonoids and tannins. The antibacterial activity and lack of toxicity of the P. niruri extracts indicates that they may be worthwhile targets for antibiotic development and further mechanistic and phytochemistry studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Tiwana
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia;
| | - Ian E. Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia;
| | - Matthew J. Cheesman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia;
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Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Calvigioni M, Rossi V, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Batoni G, Ghelardi E. Anti-staphylococcal activity of a polyphenol-rich citrus extract: synergy with β-lactams and low proficiency to induce resistance. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415400. [PMID: 39021634 PMCID: PMC11252074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotic resistance represents one of the most significant threats to public health in the 21st century. Polyphenols, natural molecules with antibacterial activity produced by plants, are being considered as alternative antimicrobial strategies to manage infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of a polyphenol mixture extracted from citrus fruits, against both antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods Broth microdilution and time-kill curve experiments were used to test the extract anti-staphylococcal activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the hemolysis assay. The interaction between the mixture and antibiotics was investigated by the checkerboard assay. The effect of B alone and in combination with oxacillin on the membrane potential was investigated by the 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide assay. The ability of the extract to induce the development of resistance was verified by propagating S. aureus for 10 transfers in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations. Results The citrus extract was found to be active against all Staphylococcus strains at remarkably low concentrations (0.0031 and 0.0063%), displaying rapid bactericidal effects without being toxic on erythrocytes. In particular, B was found to rapidly cause membrane depolarization. When combined with methicillin, meropenem, and oxacillin, the mixture displayed synergistic activity exclusively against methicillin-resistant strains. We additionally show that the sequential exposure of S. aureus to sub-inhibitory concentrations did not induce the development of resistance against the extract. Discussion Overall, these findings support the potential use of the citrus extract as promising option to manage staphylococcal infections and suggest that it may counteract the mechanism behind methicillin-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Aribisala JO, S'thebe NW, Sabiu S. In silico exploration of phenolics as modulators of penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2× of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8788. [PMID: 38627456 PMCID: PMC11021432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae remain the leading cause of pneumonia-related deaths in children < 5 years globally, and mutations in penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 × have been identified as the major cause of resistance in the organism to beta-lactams. Thus, the development of new modulators with enhanced binding of PBP2x is highly encouraged. In this study, phenolics, due to their reported antibacterial activities, were screened against the active site of PBP2x using structure-based pharmacophore and molecular docking techniques, and the ability of the top-hit phenolics to inhibit the active and allosteric sites of PBP2x was refined through 120 ns molecular dynamic simulation. Except for gallocatechin gallate and lysidicichin, respectively, at the active and allosteric sites of PBP2x, the top-hit phenolics had higher negative binding free energy (ΔGbind) than amoxicillin [active site (- 19.23 kcal/mol), allosteric site (- 33.75 kcal/mol)]. Although silicristin had the best broad-spectrum effects at the active (- 38.41 kcal/mol) and allosteric (- 50.54 kcal/mol) sites of PBP2x, the high thermodynamic entropy (4.90 Å) of the resulting complex might suggest the need for its possible structural refinement for enhanced potency. Interestingly, silicristin had a predicted synthetic feasibility score of < 5 and quantum calculations using the DFT B3LYP/6-31G+ (dp) revealed that silicristin is less stable and more reactive than amoxicillin. These findings point to the possible benefits of the top-hit phenolics, and most especially silicristin, in the direct and synergistic treatment of infections caused by S. pneumoniae. Accordingly, silicristin is currently the subject of further confirmatory in vitro research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamiu Olaseni Aribisala
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Wendy S'thebe
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Yan F, Yang M, Sun Y, Tang Q, Yuan L. Case report: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with penicillin susceptible (PS-MRSA): first clinical report from a psychiatric hospital in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380369. [PMID: 38638932 PMCID: PMC11024255 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report documents the first instance of Penicillin-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PS-MRSA) in a Chinese psychiatric hospital. The strain was isolated from a patient with Alzheimer's disease who had a lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical and laboratory analyses, including mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing, confirmed the PS-MRSA strain. In this case, we systematically introduce the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and treatment responses associated with this PS-MRSA strain. This discovery offers a new perspective on our understanding of resistance mechanisms and expands our considerations for existing antibiotic treatments. It may fill a gap in the classification of MRSA strains, enhance the spectrum of MRSA resistance, and complete the therapeutic strategies for MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Aribisala JO, Sabiu S. Cheminformatics identification of phenolics as modulators of penicillin-binding protein-3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa towards interventive antibacterial therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:298-313. [PMID: 36974951 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance to β-lactams in microorganisms has been attributed majorly to alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) coupled with β-lactams' inactivation by β-lactamase. Consequently, the identification of a novel class of therapeutics with improved modulatory action on the PBPs is imperative and plant secondary metabolites, including phenolics, have found relevance in this regard. For the first time in this study, the over 10,000 phenolics currently known were computationally evaluated against PBP3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a superbug implicated in several nosocomial infections. In doing this, a library of phenolics with an affinity for PBP3 of P. aeruginosa was screened using structure-activity relationship-based pharmacophore and molecular docking approaches. Subsequent thermodynamic screening of the top five phenolics with higher docking scores, more drug-likeness attributes, and feasible synthetic accessibility was achieved through a 120 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Four of the top five hits had higher binding free energy than cefotaxime (-18.72 kcal/mol), with catechin-3-rhamside having the highest affinity (-28.99 kcal/mol). All the hits were stable at the active site of the PBP3, with catechin-3-rhamside being the most stable (2.14 Å), and established important interactions with Ser294, implicated in the catalytic activity of PBP3. Also, PBP3 became more compact with less fluctuation of the active site amino acid residues following the binding of the hits. These observations are indicative of the potential of the test compounds as PBP3 inhibitors, with catechin-3-rhamside being the most prominent of the compounds that could be further improved for enhanced druggability against PBP3 in vitro and in vivo.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamiu Olaseni Aribisala
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Prabha S, Chauhan P, Warkare S, Pandey KM. A computational investigation of potential plant-based bioactive compounds against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of multiple target proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 38133950 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (DRSA) poses a significant global health threat, like bacteremia, endocarditis, skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections. Nowadays, the resistance against conventional drugs has been a prompt and focused medical concern. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory potential of plant-based bioactive compounds (PBBCs) against effective target proteins using a computational approach. We retrieved and verified 22 target proteins associated with DRSA and conducted a screening process that involved testing 87 PBBCs. Molecular docking was performed between screened PBBCs and reference drugs with selected target proteins via AutoDock. Subsequently, we filtered the target proteins and top PBBCs based on their binding affinity scores. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation was carried out through GROMACS for a duration of 100 ns, and the binding free energy was calculated using the gmx_MMPBSA. The result showed consistent hydrogen bonding interactions among the amino acid residues Ser 149, Arg 151, Thr 165, Thr 216, Glu 239, Ser 240, Ile 14, as well as Asn 18, Gln 19, Lys 45, Thr 46, Tyr 109, with their respective target proteins of the penicillin-binding protein and dihydrofolate reductase complex. Additionally, we assessed the pharmacokinetic properties of screened PBBCs via SwissADME and AdmetSAR. The findings suggest that β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and friedelin have the potential to inhibit the selected target proteins. In future research, both in vitro and in vivo, experiments will be needed to establish these PBBCs as potent antimicrobial drugs for DRSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Prabha
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Sudeesh Warkare
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Khushhali M Pandey
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
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Li JG, Chen XF, Lu TY, Zhang J, Dai SH, Sun J, Liu YH, Liao XP, Zhou YF. Increased Activity of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Combination with Carvacrol against MRSA Bacteremia and Catheter-Associated Biofilm Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2482-2493. [PMID: 38019707 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are the mainstay for the treatment of staphylococcal infections, but their utility is greatly limited by the emergence and rapid dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we evaluated the ability of the plant-derived monoterpene carvacrol to act as an antibiotic adjuvant, revitalizing the anti-MRSA activity of β-lactam antibiotics. Increased susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and significant synergistic activities were observed with carvacrol-based combinations. Carvacrol significantly inhibited MRSA biofilms and reduced the production of exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, and extracellular DNA and showed synergistic biofilm inhibition in combination with β-lactams. Transcriptome analysis revealed profound downregulation in the expression of genes involved in two-component systems and S. aureus infection. Mechanistic studies indicate that carvacrol inhibits the expression of staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA and interferes with SarA-mecA promoter binding that decreases mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance. Consistently, the in vivo experiment also supported that carvacrol restored MRSA sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotic treatments in both murine models of bacteremia and biofilm-associated infection. Our results indicated that carvacrol has a potential role as a combinatorial partner with β-lactam antibiotics to address MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting-Yin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Fushan, Yantai, Shandong 265500, China
| | - Shu-He Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Witek K, Kaczor A, Żesławska E, Podlewska S, Marć MA, Czarnota-Łydka K, Nitek W, Latacz G, Tejchman W, Bischoff M, Jacob C, Handzlik J. Chalcogen-Varied Imidazolone Derivatives as Antibiotic Resistance Breakers in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37998820 PMCID: PMC10669504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a search for new therapeutic agents that may improve the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics and help to successfully overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has been conducted. The purpose of this work was to extend the scope of our preliminary studies and to evaluate the adjuvant potency of new derivatives in a set of S. aureus clinical isolates. The study confirmed the high efficacy of piperazine derivatives of 5-arylideneimidazol-4-one (7-9) tested previously, and it enabled the authors to identify even more efficient modulators of bacterial resistance among new analogs. The greatest capacity to enhance oxacillin activity was determined for 1-benzhydrylpiperazine 5-spirofluorenehydantoin derivative (13) which, at concentrations as low as 0.0625 mM, restores the effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA strains. In silico studies showed that the probable mechanism of action of 13 is related to the binding of the molecule with the allosteric site of PBP2a. Interestingly, thiazole derivatives tested were shown to act as both oxacillin and erythromycin conjugators in S. aureus isolates, suggesting a complex mode of action (i.e., influence on the Msr(A) efflux pump). This high enhancer activity indicates the high potential of imidazolones to become commercially available antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Witek
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Aneta Kaczor
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Kinga Czarnota-Łydka
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 15, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
| | - Waldemar Tejchman
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (E.Ż.); (W.T.)
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Jacob
- Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2.1, D-66123 Saarbrüecken, Germany;
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (A.K.); (S.P.); (M.A.M.); (K.C.-Ł.); (G.L.)
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13
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Ambade SS, Gupta VK, Bhole RP, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. A Review on Five and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 (PBP2A) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecules 2023; 28:7008. [PMID: 37894491 PMCID: PMC10609489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene PBP2a, which results in reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, thus conferring resistance. PBP2a has a lower affinity for methicillin, allowing bacteria to maintain peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a core component of the bacterial cell wall. Consequently, even in the presence of methicillin or other antibiotics, bacteria can develop resistance. Due to genes responsible for resistance, S. aureus becomes MRSA. The fundamental premise of this resistance mechanism is well-understood. Given the therapeutic concerns posed by resistant microorganisms, there is a legitimate demand for novel antibiotics. This review primarily focuses on PBP2a scaffolds and the various screening approaches used to identify PBP2a inhibitors. The following classes of compounds and their biological activities are discussed: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Pyrazole-Benzimidazole-based derivatives, Oxadiazole-containing derivatives, non-β-lactam allosteric inhibitors, 4-(3H)-Quinazolinones, Pyrrolylated chalcone, Bis-2-Oxoazetidinyl macrocycles (β-lactam antibiotics with 1,3-Bridges), Macrocycle-embedded β-lactams as novel inhibitors, Pyridine-Coupled Pyrimidinones, novel Naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, non-covalent inhibitors, Investigational-β-lactam antibiotics, Carbapenem, novel Benzoxazole derivatives, Pyrazolylpyridine analogues, and other miscellaneous classes of scaffolds for PBP2a. Additionally, we discuss the penicillin-binding protein, a crucial target in the MRSA cell wall. Various aspects of PBP2a, bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, different crystal structures of PBP2a, synthetic routes for PBP2a inhibitors, and future perspectives on MRSA inhibitors are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha S. Ambade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra 282004, UP, India
| | - Ritesh P. Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Pramod B. Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
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14
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Moreno Cardenas C, Çiçek SS. Structure-dependent activity of plant natural products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234115. [PMID: 37649631 PMCID: PMC10463185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes for nosocomial infections and has been classified as "high priority pathogen" by the World Health Organization. Its ability to develop resistances has been a challenge for the last decades and is still a threat to health care systems, as strains with resistances to the so-called drugs of last resort have been discovered. Therefore, new antibiotics are urgently needed. Natural products are an important source for the development of new drugs, thereby mostly serving as lead compounds for further modification. In this review, the data on plant natural products with reported anti-MRSA activity until the end of 2022 is discussed, highlighting the most effective drugs with respect to their inhibitory concentrations as well as with regard to eventual synergistic effects with existing antibiotics. In the latter sense, the class of alkaloids must be mentioned, exhibiting additive or synergistic effects by inhibiting bacterial efflux pumps. With regard to the antibiotic activity, phloroglucinol derivatives certainly belong to the most promising compounds, revealing several candidates with remarkable effects, e.g., lupulone, ivesinol, rhodomyrtone, aspidinol, or hyperforin. Also, the class of terpenoids yielded noteworthy compounds, such as the sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide and lactopicrin as well as acetophenone sesquiterpenes and sphaerodiene type diterpenoids, respectively. In addition, pronounced effects were observed for the macrolide neurymenolide A and three flavonol dicoumaroylrhamnosides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serhat S. Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Tabassum R, Kousar S, Mustafa G, Jamil A, Attique SA. In Silico Method for the Screening of Phytochemicals against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5100400. [PMID: 37250750 PMCID: PMC10212682 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved resistance even against the last resort β-lactam antibiotics. This is because of the acquisition of an additional penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) which is a resistance determinant in MRSA. Currently, available PBP2a inhibitors are ineffective against life-threatening and fatal infections caused by microorganisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen natural compounds that could overpass the resistance issue alone or in combination with antibacterial drugs. We studied the interactions of different phytochemicals with PBP2a so that crosslinking of peptidoglycans could be inhibited. In structure-based drug designing, in silico approach plays a key role in determining phytochemical interactions with PBP2a. In this study, a total of 284 antimicrobial phytochemicals were screened using the molecular docking approach. The binding affinity of methicillin, -11.241 kcal/mol, was used as the threshold value. The phytochemicals having binding affinities with PBP2a stronger than methicillin were identified, and the drug-likeness properties and toxicities of the screened phytochemicals were calculated. Out of the multiple phytochemicals screened, nine were found as good inhibitors to be PBP2a, among which cyanidin, tetrandrine, cyclomorusin, lipomycin, and morusin showed strong binding potential with the receptor protein. These best-selected phytochemicals were also docked to the allosteric site of PBP2a, and most of the compounds revealed strong interactions with the allosteric site. These compounds were safe to be used as drugs because they did not show any toxicity and had good bioactivity scores. Cyanidin had the highest binding affinity (S-score of -16.061 kcal/mol) with PBP2a and with high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption. Our findings suggest that cyanidin can be used as a drug against MRSA infection either in purified form or that its structure can lead to the development of more potent anti-MRSA medicines. However, experimental studies are required to evaluate the inhibitory potential of these phytochemicals against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Kousar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amer Jamil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Syed Awais Attique
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Science (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
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16
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El-Shiekh RA, Elhemely MA, Naguib IA, Bukhari SI, Elshimy R. Luteolin 4′-Neohesperidoside Inhibits Clinically Isolated Resistant Bacteria In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062609. [PMID: 36985581 PMCID: PMC10053799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens are usually associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Flavonoids are good candidates for the development of new potential antimicrobials. This research investigated whether luteolin 4′-neohesperidoside (L4N) has antibacterial and synergistic activities against four antibiotic-resistant pathogens: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, fosA-positive shiga toxin producing the Escherichia coli serogroup O111 (STEC O111), and Bacillus cereus. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed highly potent anti-MRSA (MIC of 106.66 ± 6.95 µg/mL), anti-K. pneumoniae (MIC of 53.33 ± 8.47 µg/mL) and anti-STEC O111 (MIC of 26.66 ± 5.23 µg/mL) activities. Significant synergistic combination was clearly noted in the case of gentamycin (GEN) against Gram-negative bacteria. In the case of B. cereus, the combination of vancomycin (VAN) with L4N could efficiently inhibit bacterial growth, despite the pathogen being VAN-resistant (MIC of 213.33 ± 7.9 µg/mL). In vivo evaluation of L4N showed significant decreases in K. pneumoniae and STEC shedding and colonization. Treatment could significantly diminish the levels of pro-inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and immunoglobulin (IgM). Additionally, the renal and pulmonary lesions were remarkably enhanced, with a significant decrease in the bacterial loads in the tissues. Finally, this study presents L4N as a potent substitute for traditional antibiotics with anti-STEC O111 and anti-K. pneumoniae potential, a finding which is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.-S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mai A. Elhemely
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.-S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Elshimy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12451, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 12511, Egypt
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17
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Bich VNT, Nguyen TK, Thu TDT, Tran LTT, Nguyen SVD, Han HL, Pham LHD, Thanh TH, Duong VH, Trieu TA, Tran MH, Pham PTV. Investigating the antibacterial mechanism of Ampelopsis cantoniensis extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via in vitro and in silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14080-14091. [PMID: 36889929 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a critical pathogen responsible for a wide variety of serious infectious diseases in humans. The accelerated phenomena of drug tolerance, drug resistance, and dysbacteriosis provoked by antibiotic misuse are impeding the effectiveness of contemporary antibiotic therapies primarily used to treat this common worldwide pathogen. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 70% ethanol extract and multiple polar solvents of Ampelopsis cantoniensis were measured against the clinical MRSA isolate. The agar diffusion technique was employed to determine the zone of inhibition (ZOI), accompanied by the use of a microdilution series to identify the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Our results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most significant antibacterial activity, which was determined to be bacteriostatic based on the MBC/MIC ratio 8. A list of compounds isolated from A. cantoniensis was computationally studied to further investigate the mechanism of action with the bacterial membrane protein PBP2a. The combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods showed that the main compound, dihydromyricetin (DHM), is expected to bind to PBP2a at allosteric site. In addition, DHM was identified as the major compound of ethyl acetate fraction, which accounts for 77.03 ± 2.44% by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. As a concluding remark, our study addressed the antibacterial mechanism and suggested the prioritization of natural products derived from A. cantoniensis as a potential therapy for MRSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngo Thai Bich
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Tan Khanh Nguyen
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thao Dao Thi Thu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thuy Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | | | - Ho Le Han
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Trung Hoang Thanh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Family Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoa Duong
- Danang Department of Science and Technology, People Committee of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | | | - Manh Hung Tran
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
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18
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AboElmaaty SA, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Sheraba NS, Hassan MG, Badawy MSEM, Ghareeb A, Hamed AA, Gabr EZ. Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Actinomycete-Synthesized AgNPs with Low Cytotoxic Effect: Experimental and In Silico Study. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010102. [PMID: 36677395 PMCID: PMC9866079 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance by biofilm-forming bacteria has reached alarming and dangerous levels that threaten human civilization. The current study sought to investigate the antibiofilm potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, mediated by a new Streptomyces strain. Zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the biosynthesized AgNPs. Results revealed that silver nanoparticles had a size of (5.55 and 45.00 nm) nm and a spherical shape, with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption at 400-460 nm in the UV-vis spectra establishing the formation of Streptomyces-Ag-NPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed a pronounced antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the obtained Streptomyces-AgNPs exerted biofilm inhibition activity against nosocomial hospital-resistant bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The mechanism of biogenic AgNPs antibacterial action was visualized using TEM, which indicated the AgNPs accumulation and disruption of bacterial cell membrane function. Additionally, a molecular docking study was conducted to evaluate the binding mode of AgNPs with an Escherichia coli outer membrane. Furthermore, the cytotoxic profile of the AgNPs was evaluated toward three cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2 & HCT 116), and the low cytotoxic effects of the obtained nanoparticles indicated their possible medical application with low risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah A. AboElmaaty
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Norhan S. Sheraba
- VACSERA, The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Mervat G. Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mona Shaban E. M. Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ebtsam Z. Gabr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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19
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Verma AK, Ahmed SF, Hossain MS, Bhojiya AA, Mathur A, Upadhyay SK, Srivastava AK, Vishvakarma NK, Barik M, Rahaman MM, Bahadur NM. Molecular docking and simulation studies of flavonoid compounds against PBP-2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10561-10577. [PMID: 34243699 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1944911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a pathogenic bacterium that causes life-threatening outbreaks such as community-onset and nosocomial infections as emerging 'superbug'. Time and motion study of its virulent property developed resistance against most of the antibiotics such as Vancomycin. Thereby, to curb this problem entails the development of new therapeutic agents. Plant-derived antimicrobial agents have recently piqued people's interest, so in this research, 186 flavonoids compound selected to unmask the best candidates that can act as potent inhibitors against the Penicillin Binding Protein-2a (PBP-2a) of MRSA. Molecular docking performed using PyRx and GOLD suite to determine the binding affinities and interactions between the phytochemicals and the PBP-2a. The selected candidates strongly interact with the different amino acid residues. The 30 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with five top-ranked compounds such as Naringin, Hesperidin, Neohesperidin, Didymin and Icariin validated the docking interactions. These findings are also strongly supported by root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation and the radius of gyration. ADME/T analysis demonstrates that these candidates appear to be safer inhibitors. Our findings point to natural flavonoids as a promising and readily available source of adjuvant antimicrobial therapy against resistant strains in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sk Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankita Mathur
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mayadhar Barik
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India.,Research Section, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Antimicrobial Activity of Rhenium Di- and Tricarbonyl Diimine Complexes: Insights on Membrane-Bound S. aureus Protein Binding. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091107. [PMID: 36145328 PMCID: PMC9501577 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major human health threats, with significant impacts on the global economy. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective as drug-resistance spreads, imposing an urgent need for new and innovative antimicrobial agents. Metal complexes are an untapped source of antimicrobial potential. Rhenium complexes, amongst others, are particularly attractive due to their low in vivo toxicity and high antimicrobial activity, but little is known about their targets and mechanism of action. In this study, a series of rhenium di- and tricarbonyl diimine complexes were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against eight different microorganisms comprising Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Our data showed that none of the Re dicarbonyl or neutral tricarbonyl species have either bactericidal or bacteriostatic potential. In order to identify possible targets of the molecules, and thus possibly understand the observed differences in the antimicrobial efficacy of the molecules, we computationally evaluated the binding affinity of active and inactive complexes against structurally characterized membrane-bound S. aureus proteins. The computational analysis indicates two possible major targets for this class of compounds, namely lipoteichoic acids flippase (LtaA) and lipoprotein signal peptidase II (LspA). Our results, consistent with the published in vitro studies, will be useful for the future design of rhenium tricarbonyl diimine-based antibiotics.
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21
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Aribisala JO, Sabiu S. Cheminformatics Identification of Phenolics as Modulators of Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a of Staphylococcus aureus: A Structure–Activity-Relationship-Based Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091818. [PMID: 36145565 PMCID: PMC9503099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a in resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus allows for the continuous production of cell walls even after the inactivation of intrinsic PBPs. Thus, the discovery of novel therapeutics with enhanced modulatory activity on PBP2a is crucial, and plant secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, have found relevance in this regard. In this study, using computational techniques, phenolics were screened against the active site of PBP2a, and the ability of the lead phenolics to modulate PBP2a’s active and allosteric sites was studied. The top-five phenolics (leads) identified through structure–activity-based screening, pharmacokinetics and synthetic feasibility evaluations were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. Except for propan-2-one at the active site, the leads had a higher binding free energy at both the active and allosteric sites of PBP2a than amoxicillin. The leads, while promoting the thermodynamic stability of PBP2a, showed a more promising affinity at the allosteric site than the active site, with silicristin (−25.61 kcal/mol) and epicatechin gallate (−47.65 kcal/mol) having the best affinity at the active and allosteric sites, respectively. Interestingly, the modulation of Tyr446, the active site gatekeeper residue in PBP2a, was noted to correlate with the affinity of the leads at the allosteric site. Overall, these observations point to the leads’ ability to inhibit PBP2a, either directly or through allosteric modulation with conventional drugs. Further confirmatory in vitro studies on the leads are underway.
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22
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Mohamed MS, Abdelkader K, Gomaa HAM, Batubara AS, Gamal M, Sayed AM. Mechanistic study of the antibacterial potential of the prenylated flavonoid auriculasin against Escherichia coli. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200360. [PMID: 36029269 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is spreading in an alarming manner, outpacing the rate of development of new antibacterial agents and surging the need for effective alternatives. Prenylated flavonoids are a promising class of natural antibiotics with reported activity against a wide range of resistant pathogens. Here, a large library of natural flavonoids (1718 structures) was virtually screened for potential candidates inhibiting the B-subunit of gyrase (Gyr-B). Twenty-eight candidates, predominated by prenylated flavonoids, appeared as promising hits. Six of them were selected for further in vitro antibacterial and Gyr-B enzyme inhibitory activities. Auriculasin is presented as the most potent antibacterial candidate, with a MIC ranging from 2 to 4 µg/ml against two clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains. Mechanistic antibacterial analysis revealed auriculasin inhibitory activity towards the Gyr-B enzyme on the micromolar scale (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.15 µM). Gyr-B interaction was further detailed by conducting an isothermal titration calorimetric experiment, which revealed a competitive inhibition with a high affinity for the Gyr-B active site, achieved mostly through enthalpic interactions (ΔGbinding = -10.69 kcal/mol). Molecular modeling and physics-based simulations demonstrated the molecule's manner of fitting inside the Gyr-B active site, indicating a very potential nucleus for the future generation of more potent derivatives. To conclude, prenylated flavonoids are interesting antibacterial candidates with anti-Gyr-B mechanism of action that can be obtained from a plant-derived flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Abdelkader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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23
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Liang M, Ge X, Xua H, Ma K, Zhang W, Zan Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Phytochemicals with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154073. [PMID: 35397285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of resistance to antimicrobials is a ubiquitous phenomenon. The evolution of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus suggests that there is no remedy with sustaining effectiveness against this pathogen. The limited number of antibacterial drug classes and the common occurrence of cross-resistant bacteria reinforce the urgent need to discover new compounds targeting novel cellular functions. Natural products are a potential source of novel antibacterial agents. Anti-MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) bioactive compounds from Streptomyces and the anti-MRSA activity of a series of plant extracts have been reviewed respectively. However, there has been no detailed review of the precise bioactive components from plants. PURPOSE The present review aimed to summarize the phytochemicals that have been reported with anti-MRSA activities, analyze their structure-activity relationship and novel anti-MRSA mechanisms. METHODS Data contained in this review article are compiled from the authoritative databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and so on. RESULTS This review summarizes 100 phytochemicals (27 flavonoids, 23 alkaloids, 17 terpenes and 33 others) that have been tested for their anti-MRSA activity. Among these phytochemicals, 39 compounds showed remarkable anti-MRSA activity with MIC values less than 10 μg/ml, 14 compounds with MIC ranges including values < 10 μg/ml, 5 compounds with MIC values less than 5 μM; 11 phytochemicals show synergism anti-MRSA effects in combination with antibiotics. Phytochemicals exerted anti-MRSA activities mainly by destroying the membrane structure and inhibiting the efflux pump. CONCLUSIONS The 58 compounds with excellent anti-MRSA activity the 11 compounds with synergistic anti-MRSA effect, especially cannabinoids, xanthones and fatty acids should be further studied in vitro. Novel targets, such as cell membrane and efflux pump could be promising alternatives to develop antibacterial drugs in the future in order to prevent drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xueliang Ge
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Hui Xua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Kaifeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yibo Zan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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24
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Salatin S, Bazmani A, Shahi S, Naghili B, Memar MY, Dizaj SM. Antimicrobial benefits of flavonoids and their nanoformulations. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1419-1432. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220509151407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Nowadays, there is an urgent need to discover and develop long-term and effective antimicrobial and biofilm-inhibiting compounds. Employing combination therapies using novel drug delivery systems and also natural antimicrobial substances is a promising strategy in this field. Nanoparticles (NPs)-based materials have become well appreciated in recent times due to serve as antimicrobial agents or the carriers for promoting the bioavailability and effectiveness of antibiotics. Flavonoids belong to the promising groups of bioactive compounds abundantly found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants with strong antimicrobial features. Flavonoids and NPs have potential as alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents, both on their own as well as in combination. Different classes of flavonoid NPs may be particularly advantageous in handling microbial infections. The most important antimicrobial mechanisms of flavonoid NPs include oxidative stress induction, non-oxidative mechanisms, and metal ion release. However, the efficacy of flavonoid NPs against pathogens and drug-resistant pathogens changes according to their physicochemical characteristics as well as the particular structure of microbial cell wall and enzymatic composition. In this review, we provide an outlook on the antimicrobial mechanism of flavonoid-based NPs and the crucial factors that are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Aisha A, Zahra S, Tahir IM, Hussain A, Bano N, Roobi A, Afsheen N, Saleem Y. Anticancer L-Asparaginase and Phytoactive Compounds From Plant Solanum nigrum Against MDR (Methicillindrug resistant) Staphylococcus aureus and Fungal Isolates. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221092379. [PMID: 35558870 PMCID: PMC9087284 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is used in chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other
cancers. L-asparaginase derived from bacterial source triggers immune responses.
The current study investigates Solanum nigrum as a novel and
latent source of L-asparaginase to minimize immunological reactions. The
antitumor activity of SN methanol extract was determined using the potato disc
assay. InterPro Chimera and InterPro were used to predict the amino acid
sequence of L-asparaginase and its anticancer activity. Purification of the
enzyme was carried out to homogeneity of 1.51-fold with a recovery of 61.99%. At
optimal conditions of 36.5°C, pH 8.6, and 8.5 g/mL substrate, fruit (crude
extract) revealed an L-asparaginase titer of 48.23 U/mL. The molecular weight of
the enzyme was calculated to be 32 ± 5 kDa using SDS PAGE. The fruit’s total
flavonoids and phenolic contents are 0.42 ± .030 g/mL and 94 ± 1.9 mg CAE,
respectively. Anti-tumorigenic efficacy was determined to be 66% against
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Additionally, the extract
possesses potent antifungal and antibacterial properties. Molecular docking
provided the structural motifs and underlying interactions between
L-asparaginase, N-acetylglucosamine, murine, and chitin. SN contains high levels
of the enzyme L-asparaginase and phytochemicals, making it a potential source of
anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Aisha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zahra
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Imtiaz M. Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Alishbah Roobi
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Afsheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Saleem
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Labs, Lahore, Pakistan
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26
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de Freitas MA, da Cruz RP, dos Santos ATL, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Machado AJT, dos Santos JFS, Rocha JE, Boligon AA, Bezerra CF, de Freitas TS, do Nascimento Silva MK, Mendonça ACAM, da Costa JGM, Coutinho HDM, da Cunha FAB, Filho JR, Morais-Braga MFB. HPLC-DAD analysis and antimicrobial activities of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae). 3 Biotech 2022; 12:61. [PMID: 35186658 PMCID: PMC8818589 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondias mombin is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, indicating that extracts obtained from this species may present pharmacological activities against pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from the leaves (aqueous) and bark (hydroethanolic) of S. mombin both as single treatments and in combination with conventional drugs. Following a qualitative chemical prospection, the extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution. The combined activity of drugs and extracts was verified by adding a subinhibitory concentration of the extract in the presence of variable drug concentrations. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by a subculture of the microdilution test, while the effect of the in vitro treatments on morphological transition was analyzed by subculture in moist chambers. While the qualitative analysis detected the presence of phenols and flavonoids, the HPLC analysis identified quercetin, caffeic acid, and catechin as major components in the leaf extract, whereas kaempferol and quercetin were found as major compounds in the bark extract. The extracts showed effective antibacterial activities only against the Gram-negative strains. With regard to the combined activity, the leaf extract potentiated the action of gentamicin and imipenem (against Staphylococcus aureus), while the bark extract potentiated the effect of norfloxacin (against S. aureus), imipenem (against Escherichia coli), and norfloxacin (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A more significant antifungal (fungistatic) effect was achieved with the bark extract (even though at high concentrations), which further enhanced the activity of fluconazole. The extracts also inhibited the emission of filaments by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Together, these findings suggest that that the extract constituents may act by favoring the permeability of microbial cells to conventional drugs, as well as by affecting virulence mechanisms in Candida strains.
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27
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Tan Z, Deng J, Ye Q, Zhang Z. The antibacterial activity of natural-derived flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1009-1019. [PMID: 35189804 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220221110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a wide variety of phenolic secondary metabolites, are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds. Flavonoids could exert antibacterial activity via damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting energy metabolism, and inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids, so flavonoids are considered constitutive antibacterial substances. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural-derived flavonoids, including flavonoid glycosides with antibacterial potential to provide novel antibacterial lead hits/candidates, covering articles published between January 2016 and July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Tan
- Guangdong Xianqiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiongxian Ye
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
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28
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de Oliveira DM, de Oliveira DBC, Nunes YRF, de Almeida Alves TM, Kohlhoff M, Andrade AA, Cota BB. Natural Occurring Phenolic Derivatives from Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) Stems and Their Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100788. [PMID: 35146890 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus filius (buriti or aguage; Arecaceae) is a palm used by traditional medicine in Brazil to treat dysentery and diarrhea. Our group showed that the soluble dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 ) fraction from EtOH extract from M. flexuosa stems inhibited the growth of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it is rich in phenolic compounds. This study aimed to isolate new phenolic compounds from CH2 Cl2 fraction from M. flexuosa stems with in vitro antibacterial activity. The crude CH2 Cl2 fraction was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) followed by semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against MSSA (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (clinical isolate 155). All compounds were also tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli; ATCC 35218) bacteria and two fungi species (Candida albicans; ATCC 14053 and Trichophyton rubrum; ATCC MYA 4438). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by analysis and comparison with literature data of their NMR and HRMS spectra and optical activity. The chemical investigation yielded seven aromatic compounds, of which four, (2S,15S)-2,15-dimethyl-2,15-dioxa-1,8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclotetradecaphane (1), (2S,5S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexane-2,5-diol (3), bruguierol E (4), and buritin (5) were previously unreported and three are known compounds identified as 6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) hexan-2-one (2), (+)-(2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol (6), and (+)-(2R)-naringenin (7). Compounds 1 and 7 showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of between 62.5 and 31.3 μg/mL, respectively. Our preliminary findings support that CH2 Cl2 fraction from buriti, a typical species of flooded areas of Brazilian savanna, and its aromatic phenolic compounds are active against MSSA and MRSA contributing with understanding about the traditional use of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalma Menezes de Oliveira
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Bahia Southwest, José Moreira Sobrinho Avenue, 45206-191, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Batista Carneiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Pça Manoel Terra, 330, Abadia, 38025-015, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Ecology Laboratory and Plant Propagation, Department of General Biology, Estadual University of Montes Claros, University Campus Prof. Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Assunção Andrade
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Pça Manoel Terra, 330, Abadia, 38025-015, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betania Barros Cota
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhang PL, Gopala L, Zhang SL, Cai GX, Zhou CH. An unanticipated discovery towards novel naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as potential anti-MRSA agents and allosteric modulators for PBP2a. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114050. [PMID: 34922190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Available therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to conquer multidrug resistance of MRSA. A visible effort was guided towards the advancement of novel antibacterial framework of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, and desired to assert some insight on the conjunction of individual pharmacophore with distinct biological activities and unique action mechanism. Preliminary assessment displayed that dimethylenediamine derivative 13d presented a wonderful inhibition on MRSA (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), and showed excellent membrane selectivity (HC50 > 200 μg/mL) from an electrostatic distinction of the electronegative bacterial membranes and the electroneutral mammalian membranes. Moreover, 13d could effectually relieve the development of MRSA resistance. Investigations into explaining the mechanism of anti-MRSA disclosed that 13d displayed strong lipase affinity, which facilitated its permeation into cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition. Meanwhile, 13d could exert interaction with DNA to hinder biological function of DNA, and disrupt the antioxidant defense system of MRSA through up-regulation of ROS subjected the strain to oxidative stress. In particular, the unanticipated mechanism for naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes that 13d could suppress the expression of PBP2a by inducing allosteric modulation of PBP2a and triggering the open of the active site, was discovered for the first time. These findings of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as a small-molecule class of anti-MRSA agents held promise in strategies for treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lavanya Gopala
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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30
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Facile synthesis and biological evaluation of chrysin derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198211057467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, novel synthetic methods, including microwave O-alkylation, were used to produce several chrysin derivatives. These compounds were purified, characterised and tested on different cell lines and bacterial strains. From this family, 7-(2,4-dinitrophenoxy)-5-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (C3) was shown to be extremely active on bacterial strains methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as having anticancer activity on a range of cancer cell lines with IC50 values less than 30 µM. Chrysin has been known for their anticancer and antimicrobial properties, and this study not only corroborates this but also shows that it is possible to synthesise new improved derivatives with therapeutic possibilities.
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31
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Shady NH, Hassan HA, Elrehany MA, Kamel MS, Ali Saber E, Maher SA, Abo-Elsoud FA, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR, Gaber SS. Hyphaene thebaica (doum)-derived extract alleviates hyperglycemia in diabetic rats: a comprehensive in silico, in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct 2021; 12:11303-11318. [PMID: 34643201 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of different extracts (i.e. organic and aqueous) derived from the fruits of Hyphaene thebaica (doum) on male streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels as well as the relative gene expression of insulin, TNF-α, and TGF-β were determined in the pancreatic tissue of the experimental animals. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with aqueous extracts of the plant fruit over 7 weeks significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose and increased the relative expression of insulin, while the relative expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e. TNF-α and TGF-β) was significantly reduced. Histopathological investigation also revealed that the aqueous extract treatment effectively reversed the β-cell necrosis induced by STZ and restored its normal morphology. Furthermore, liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and in silico chemical investigation of the aqueous extract elucidated its major bioactive phytochemicals (i.e. flavonoids) and putatively determined the pancreatic KATP channel as a target for these bioactive components. In vitro insulin secretion assay revealed that myricetin, luteolin, and apigenin were able to induce insulin secretion by human pancreatic cells (insulin production = 20.9 ± 1.3, 13.74 ± 1.8, and 11.33 ± 1.1 ng mL-1, respectively). Using molecular docking and dynamics simulations, we were able to shed the light on the insulin secretagogue's mode of action through these identified bioactive compounds and to determine the main structural elements required for its bioactivity. This comprehensive investigation of this native fruit will encourage future clinical studies to recommend edible and widely available fruits like doum to be a part of DM treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt.
| | - Heba Ali Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Delegated to Deraya University, Universities Zon, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Abo-Elsoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Shereen S Gaber
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Alhadrami HA, Orfali R, Hamed AA, Ghoneim MM, Hassan HM, Hassane ASI, Rateb ME, Sayed AM, Gamaleldin NM. Flavonoid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Bacteria-Evidence from In Silico-Supported In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:968. [PMID: 34439019 PMCID: PMC8389009 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of bioactive plant-derived natural products that exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial ones. Their inhibitory activity toward Gram-positive bacterial was found to be superior to that against Gram-negative ones. In the present study, a number of flavonoid-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were designed to enhance the antibacterial effects of chrysin, kaempferol, and quercetin against a number of Gram-negative bacteria. The prepared GNPs were able to conjugate to these three flavonoids with conjugation efficiency ranging from 41% to 80%. Additionally, they were able to exert an enhanced antibacterial activity in comparison with the free flavonoids and the unconjugated GNPs. Quercetin-coated GNPs were the most active nano-conjugates and were able to penetrate the cell wall of E. coli. A number of in silico experiments were carried out to explain the conjugation efficiency and the antibacterial mechanisms of these flavonoids as follows: (i) these flavonoids can efficiently bind to the glutathione linker on the surface of GNPs via H-bonding; (ii) these flavonoids, particularly quercetin, were able to increase the bacterial membrane rigidity, and hence decrease its functionality; (iii) these flavonoids can inhibit E. coli's DNA gyrase (Gyr-B) with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 3.9 µM. In conclusion, these bioactive flavonoid-based GNPs are considered to be very promising antibiotic candidates for further development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Molecular Diagnostic Lab, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- National Research Centre, Microbial Chemistry Department, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. I. Hassane
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.S.I.H.); (M.E.R.)
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2NZ, UK
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK; (A.S.I.H.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Gamaleldin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt
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Sabe VT, Ntombela T, Jhamba LA, Maguire GEM, Govender T, Naicker T, Kruger HG. Current trends in computer aided drug design and a highlight of drugs discovered via computational techniques: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113705. [PMID: 34303871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is one of the pivotal approaches to contemporary pre-clinical drug discovery, and various computational techniques and software programs are typically used in combination, in a bid to achieve the desired outcome. Several approved drugs have been developed with the aid of CADD. On SciFinder®, we evaluated more than 600 publications through systematic searching and refining, using the terms, virtual screening; software methods; computational studies and publication year, in order to obtain data concerning particular aspects of CADD. The primary focus of this review was on the databases screened, virtual screening and/or molecular docking software program used. Furthermore, we evaluated the studies that subsequently performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and we reviewed the software programs applied, the application of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental assays. To represent the latest trends, the most recent data obtained was between 2015 and 2020, consequently the most frequently employed techniques and software programs were recorded. Among these, the ZINC database was the most widely preferred with an average use of 31.2%. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was the most prominently used type of virtual screening and it accounted for an average of 57.6%, with AutoDock being the preferred virtual screening/molecular docking program with 41.8% usage. Following the screening process, 38.5% of the studies performed MD simulations to complement the virtual screening and GROMACS with 39.3% usage, was the popular MD software program. Among the computational techniques, DFT was the least applied whereby it only accounts for 0.02% average use. An average of 36.5% of the studies included reports on experimental evaluations following virtual screening. Ultimately, since the inception and application of CADD in pre-clinical drug discovery, more than 70 approved drugs have been discovered, and this number is steadily increasing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor T Sabe
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Lindiwe A Jhamba
- HIV Pathogenesis Program, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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F. A. Abdelhameed R, Habib ES, Eltahawy NA, Hassanean HA, Ibrahim AK, Fahim JR, Sayed AM, Hendawy OM, Abdelmohsen UR, Ahmed SA. New glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor from the Red Sea sponge Echinoclathria sp. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Orfali R, Rateb ME, Hassan HM, Alonazi M, Gomaa MR, Mahrous N, GabAllah M, Kandeil A, Perveen S, Abdelmohsen UR, Sayed AM. Sinapic Acid Suppresses SARS CoV-2 Replication by Targeting Its Envelope Protein. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:420. [PMID: 33920366 PMCID: PMC8069661 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS CoV-2 is still considered a global health issue, and its threat keeps growing with the emergence of newly evolved strains. Despite the success in developing some vaccines as a protective measure, finding cost-effective treatments is urgent. Accordingly, we screened a number of phenolic natural compounds for their in vitro anti-SARS CoV-2 activity. We found sinapic acid (SA) selectively inhibited the viral replication in vitro with an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.69 µg/mL with significantly low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 189.3 µg/mL). Subsequently, we virtually screened all currently available molecular targets using a multistep in silico protocol to find out the most probable molecular target that mediates this compound's antiviral activity. As a result, the viral envelope protein (E-protein) was suggested as the most possible hit for SA. Further in-depth molecular dynamic simulation-based investigation revealed the essential structural features of SA antiviral activity and its binding mode with E-protein. The structural and experimental results presented in this study strongly recommend SA as a promising structural motif for anti-SARS CoV-2 agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University. P.O. Box 12372, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mokhtar R. Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.R.G.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Noura Mahrous
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.R.G.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohamed GabAllah
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.R.G.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.R.G.); (N.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
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Alzarea SI, Elmaidomy AH, Saber H, Musa A, Al-Sanea MM, Mostafa EM, Hendawy OM, Youssif KA, Alanazi AS, Alharbi M, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Potential Anticancer Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from the Red Sea-Derived Brown Algae Sargassum cinereum: An In-Silico-Supported In-Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:416. [PMID: 33920213 PMCID: PMC8069941 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
LC-MS-assisted metabolomic profiling of the Red Sea-derived brown algae Sargassum cinereum "Sargassaceae" dereplicated eleven compounds 1-11. Further phytochemical investigation afforded two new aryl cresol 12-13, along with eight known compounds 14-21. Both new metabolites, along with 19, showed moderate in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening suggested both 5-LOX and 15-LOX as the most probable target linked to their observed antiproliferative activity. The in vitro enzyme assays revealed 12 and 13 were able to inhibit 5-LOX more preferentially than 15-LOX, while 19 showed a convergent inhibitory activity toward both enzymes. Further in-depth in silico investigation revealed the molecular interactions inside both enzymes' active sites and explained the varying inhibitory activity for 12 and 13 toward 5-LOX and 15-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.); (O.M.H.)
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (E.M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (E.M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Omnia Magdy Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.); (O.M.H.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A. Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah S. Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia;
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf university, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Lv N, Kong Q, Zhang H, Li J. Discovery of novel Staphylococcus aureus penicillin binding protein 2a inhibitors by multistep virtual screening and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:128001. [PMID: 33811991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) is an essential protein involved in the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics acquired by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and is a potential antibacterial target. In the current study, we employed a strategy that combined virtual screening with biological evaluation to discover novel inhibitors of PBP2a. In this investigation, a hybrid virtual screening method, consisting of drug-likeness evaluation (Lipinski's Rule of Five and ADMET) and rigid (LibDock) and semi-flexible (CDOCKER) docking-based virtual screenings, was used for retrieving novel PBP2a inhibitors from commercially available chemical databases. 11 compounds were selected from the final hits and subsequently shifted to experimental studies. Among them, Hit 2, Hit 3, and Hit 10 exhibited excellent anti-MRSA ATCC 33591 activity and weak toxicity in vitro. The affinity of the three compounds to bind to PBP2a was further confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. An inter-complex interaction study showed that all hit compounds adapted well to the allosteric site of the PBP2a protein. In addition, Hit 2 (with best binding affinity to PBP2a, KD = 1.29 × 10-7 M) significantly inhibits proliferation of MRSA clinical isolates. Together, the 3 hit compounds, especially Hit 2, may be potential non-β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA and the work will provide clues for the future development of specific compounds that block the interaction of PBP2a with their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qinxiang Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Buzgaia N, Awin T, Elabbar F, Abdusalam K, Lee SY, Rukayadi Y, Abas F, Shaari K. Antibacterial Activity of Arbutus pavarii Pamp against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and UHPLC-MS/MS Profile of the Bioactive Fraction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1539. [PMID: 33187073 PMCID: PMC7696162 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbutus pavarii Pamp is a medicinal plant commonly used by local tribes in East Libya for the treatment of many diseases, such as gastritis, renal infections, cancer and kidney diseases. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of the plant against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the metabolite profiles of the bioactive fractions, was investigated. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the microbial reduction by the bioactive fraction was evaluated using time-kill test. The bioactive fraction was further subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to putatively identify the chemical constituents contained therein. All the extracts and fractions showed different levels of antibacterial activity on the tested MRSA strains. The highest total antibacterial activity, i.e., 4007.6 mL/g, was exhibited by the crude leaf methanolic extract. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against MRSA at low MIC (0.08-1.25 mg/mL). Metabolite profiling of this fraction using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS resulted in the putative identification of 28 compounds, which included phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Arbutus pavarii leaf possessed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA and hence can be further explored for pharmaceutical applications as a natural antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Buzgaia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Tahani Awin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fakhri Elabbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; (N.B.); (T.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Khaled Abdusalam
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Soo Yee Lee
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.A.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.R.); (F.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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