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Zhong R, Rua MT, Wei-LaPierre L. Targeting mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2024; 602:1519-1549. [PMID: 38010626 PMCID: PMC11032238 DOI: 10.1113/jp284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss, muscle denervation and paralysis. Over the past several decades, researchers have made tremendous efforts to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning ALS, with much yet to be resolved. ALS is described as a non-cell autonomous condition with pathology detected in both MNs and non-neuronal cells, such as glial cells and skeletal muscle. Studies in ALS patient and animal models reveal ubiquitous abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function, and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis in various tissue types, suggesting a pivotal role of aberrant mitochondrial calcium uptake and dysfunctional calcium signalling cascades in ALS pathogenesis. Calcium signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are intricately related to the manifestation of cell death contributing to MN loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of intracellular calcium signalling, particularly mitochondrial calcium uptake, in ALS pathogenesis. Functional consequences of excessive mitochondrial calcium uptake and possible therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial calcium uptake or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, the main channel mediating mitochondrial calcium influx, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Zhong
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110001
| | - Michael T. Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Cadile F, Recchia D, Ansaldo M, Rossi P, Rastelli G, Boncompagni S, Brocca L, Pellegrino MA, Canepari M. Diaphragm Fatigue in SMNΔ7 Mice and Its Molecular Determinants: An Underestimated Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14953. [PMID: 37834400 PMCID: PMC10574014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder characterized by the loss of spinal motor neurons leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are found in the skeletal muscle of patients with SMA. For obvious ethical reasons, the diaphragm muscle is poorly studied, notwithstanding the very important role that respiratory involvement plays in SMA mortality. The main goal of this study was to investigate diaphragm functionality and the underlying molecular adaptations in SMNΔ7 mice, a mouse model that exhibits symptoms similar to that of patients with intermediate type II SMA. Functional, biochemical, and molecular analyses on isolated diaphragm were performed. The obtained results suggest the presence of an intrinsic energetic imbalance associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, ROS accumulation can affect muscle fatigue, cause diaphragm wasting, and, in the long run, respiratory failure in SMNΔ7 mice. Exposure to the antioxidant molecule ergothioneine leads to the functional recovery of the diaphragm, confirming the presence of mitochondrial impairment and redox imbalance. These findings suggest the possibility of carrying out a dietary supplementation in SMNΔ7 mice to preserve their diaphragm function and increase their lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cadile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, via Forlanini 6, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Deborah Recchia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Ansaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, via Forlanini 6, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Giorgia Rastelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, via Forlanini 6, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, via Forlanini 6, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, via Forlanini 6, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (M.A.P.)
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Cantó-Santos J, Valls-Roca L, Tobías E, Oliva C, García-García FJ, Guitart-Mampel M, Andújar-Sánchez F, Esteve-Codina A, Martín-Mur B, Padrosa J, Aránega R, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Milisenda JC, Artuch R, Grau-Junyent JM, Garrabou G. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis for Inferring Molecular Players in Inclusion Body Myositis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1639. [PMID: 37627634 PMCID: PMC10452026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an acquired inflammatory myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles that leads to weakness in patients over 50. It is diagnosed based on clinical and histological findings in muscle related to inflammation, degeneration, and mitochondria. In relation to IBM, a shortage of validated disease models and a lack of biomarkers and effective treatments constitute an unmet medical need. To overcome these hurdles, we performed an omics analysis of multiple samples from IBM patients (saliva, fibroblasts, urine, plasma, and muscle) to gain insight into the pathophysiology of IBM. Degeneration was evident due to the presence of amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in the saliva of the analyzed IBM patients. The presence of metabolic disarrangements in IBM was indicated by an imbalanced organic acid profile in fibroblasts and urine. Specifically, abnormal levels of L-pyroglutamic and orotic acid were supported by the abnormal expression of related metabolites in plasma and urine (glutathione and pyrimidines) and the aberrant expression of upstream gene regulators (L2HGDH, IDH2, OPLAH, and ASL) in muscle. Combined levels of L-pyroglutamic and orotic acid displayed an outstanding biomarker signature in urine with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The confirmation of systemic metabolic disarrangements in IBM and the identification of novel biomarkers reported herein unveil novel insights that require validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Cantó-Santos
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valls-Roca
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Tobías
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (C.O.); (R.A.)
| | - Francesc Josep García-García
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Andújar-Sánchez
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-C.); (B.M.-M.)
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.-C.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Joan Padrosa
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Aránega
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Moreno-Lozano
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José César Milisenda
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (C.O.); (R.A.)
| | - Josep M. Grau-Junyent
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Muscular Diseases Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-S.); (L.V.-R.); (E.T.); (F.J.G.-G.); (M.G.-M.); (F.A.-S.); (J.P.); (R.A.); (P.J.M.-L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER—Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Cao H, Zhang J, Sun Z, Wu J, Hao C, Wang W. Frailty in kidney transplant candidates and recipients: pathogenesis and intervention strategies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1026-1036. [PMID: 37052144 PMCID: PMC10228484 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT With the rapid aging of the global population posing a serious problem, frailty, a non-specific state that reflects physiological senescence rather than aging in time, has become more widely addressed by researchers in various medical fields. A high prevalence of frailty is found among kidney transplant (KT) candidates and recipients. Therefore, their frailty has become a research hotspot in the field of transplantation. However, current studies mainly focus on the cross-sectional survey of the incidence of frailty among KT candidates and recipients and the relationship between frailty and transplantation. Research on the pathogenesis and intervention is scattered, and relevant review literature is scarce. Exploring the pathogenesis of frailty in KT candidates and recipients and determining effective intervention measures may reduce waiting list mortality and improve the long-term quality of life of KT recipients. Therefore, this review explains the pathogenesis and intervention measures for frailty in KT candidates and recipients to provide a reference for the formulation of effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zejia Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Changzhen Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Shen Y, Chen M, Gu W, Wan J, Cheng Z, Shen K, Zhang W, He J, Wang Y, Deng X. The molecular mechanism of cardiac injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:746-753. [PMID: 36958170 PMCID: PMC10019919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused a large number of infections worldwide. Although some patients recovered from the disease, some of the other problems that accompanied it, such as cardiac injury, could affect the patient's subsequent quality of life and prognosis. OBJECTIVES To clarify the molecular mechanism of cardiac injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. METHODS The RNA-Seq dataset (GSE184715) comparing expression profiling of Mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected hiPSC-CMs was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were performed by the R software. Degs were analyzed by enrichment analysis to clarify the affected pathways. Hub genes were screened out by a PPI network constructed from Degs. Finally, Connectivity Map was used to screen for the treatment of COVID-19 induced cardiac injury. RESULTS 2705 differentially expressed genes were identified. Enrichment analysis confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction was caused by SARS-CoV-2, meanwhile, cardiac muscle contraction was suppressed and NF-κB was activated. Based on the PPI network, 15 hub genes were identified. These 15 down-regulated hub genes were mainly involved in the reduced activity of complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, 5 candidate drugs were identified to treat cardiac injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection of cardiomyocytes causes mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity and decreased ATP synthesis, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while the activated NF-κB also induced cytokine storms, ultimately resulting in cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Shen
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingqi Deng
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Liu Y, Liu K, Thorne RF, Shi R, Zhang Q, Wu M, Liu L. Mitochondrial SENP2 regulates the assembly of SDH complex under metabolic stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112041. [PMID: 36708515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a heterotetrameric enzyme complex belonging to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and uniquely links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with oxidative phosphorylation. Cancer-related SDH mutations promote succinate accumulation, which is regarded as an oncometabolite. Post-translational modifications of SDH complex components are known to regulate SDH activity, although the contribution of SUMOylation remains unclear. Here, we show that SDHA is SUMOylated by PIAS3 and deSUMOylated by SENP2, events dictating the assembly and activity of the SDH complex. Moreover, CBP acetylation of SENP2 negatively regulates its deSUMOylation activity. Under glutamine deprivation, CBP levels decrease, and the ensuing SENP2 activation and SDHA deSUMOylation serve to concurrently dampen the TCA cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) activity. Along with succinate accumulation, this mechanism avoids excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to promote cancer cell survival. This study elucidates a major function of mitochondrial-localized SENP2 and expands our understanding of the role of SUMOylation in resolving metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Ronghua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China.
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Dhasmana S, Dhasmana A, Kotnala S, Mangtani V, Narula AS, Haque S, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Boosting Mitochondrial Potential: An Imperative Therapeutic Intervention in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1117-1138. [PMID: 36111770 PMCID: PMC10286590 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220915092703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and terminal neurodegenerative disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance of cellular bioenergetics, electron chain transportation and calcium homeostasis are deeply associated with the progression of this disease. Impaired mitochondrial functions are crucial in rapid neurodegeneration. The mitochondria of ALS patients are associated with deregulated Ca2+ homeostasis and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Overload of mitochondrial calcium and ROS production leads to glutamatereceptor mediated neurotoxicity. This implies mitochondria are an attractive therapeutic target. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to brief the latest developments in the understanding of mitochondrial pathogenesis in ALS and emphasize the restorative capacity of therapeutic candidates. RESULTS In ALS, mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known phenomenon. Various therapies targeted towards mitochondrial dysfunction aim at decreasing ROS generation, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibiting apoptotic pathways. Some of the therapies briefed in this review may be categorized as synthetic, natural compounds, genetic materials, and cellular therapies. CONCLUSION The overarching goals of mitochondrial therapies in ALS are to benefit ALS patients by slowing down the disease progression and prolonging overall survival. Despite various therapeutic approaches, there are many hurdles in the development of a successful therapy due to the multifaceted nature of mitochondrial dysfunction and ALS progression. Intensive research is required to precisely elucidate the molecular pathways involved in the progression of mitochondrial dysfunctions that ultimately lead to ALS. Because of the multifactorial nature of ALS, a combination therapy approach may hold the key to cure and treat ALS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Varsha Mangtani
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC 27516, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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8
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223528. [PMID: 36428957 PMCID: PMC9688544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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9
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Hettige P, Tahir U, Nishikawa KC, Gage MJ. Transcriptomic profiles of muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) in extensor digitorum longus, psoas, and soleus muscles from mice. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:657. [PMID: 36115951 PMCID: PMC9482285 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titinopathies are inherited muscular diseases triggered by genetic mutations in the titin gene. Muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) is one such disease caused by a LINE repeat insertion, leading to exon skipping and an 83-amino acid residue deletion in the N2A-PEVK region of mouse titin. This region has been implicated in a number of titin—titin ligand interactions, hence are important for myocyte signaling and health. Mice with this mdm mutation develop a severe and progressive muscle degeneration. The range of phenotypic differences observed in mdm mice shows that the deletion of this region induces a cascade of transcriptional changes extending to numerous signaling pathways affected by the titin filament. Previous research has focused on correlating phenotypic differences with muscle function in mdm mice. These studies have provided understanding of the downstream physiological effects resulting from the mdm mutation but only provide insights on processes that can be physiologically observed and measured. We used differential gene expression (DGE) to compare the transcriptomes of extensor digitorum longus (EDL), psoas and soleus muscles from wild-type and mdm mice to develop a deeper understand of these tissue-specific responses. Results The overall expression pattern observed shows a well-differentiated transcriptional signature in mdm muscles compared to wild type. Muscle-specific clusters observed within the mdm transcriptome highlight the level of variability of each muscle to the deletion. Differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a strong directional response in oxidative respiration-associated mitochondrial genes, which aligns with the poor shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis previously observed. Sln, which is a marker associated with shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, showed the strongest expression change in fast-fibered muscles. No drastic changes in MYH expression levels were reported, which indicated an absence of major fiber-type switching events. Overall expression shifts in MYH isoforms, MARPs, and extracellular matrix associated genes demonstrated the transcriptional complexity associated with mdm mutation. The expression alterations in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism related genes in the mdm muscle dominated over other transcriptomic changes, and likely account for the late stage cellular responses in the mdm muscles. Conclusions We were able to demonstrate that the complex nature of mdm mutation extends beyond a simple rearrangement in titin gene. EDL, psoas and soleus exemplify unique response modes observed in skeletal muscles with mdm mutation. Our data also raises the possibility that failure to maintain proper energy homeostasis in mdm muscles may contribute to the pathogenesis of the degenerative phenotype in mdm mice. Understanding the full disease-causing molecular cascade is difficult using bulk RNA sequencing techniques due to intricate nature of the disease. The development of the mdm phenotype is temporally and spatially regulated, hence future studies should focus on single fiber level investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08873-2.
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10
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Zilio E, Piano V, Wirth B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810878. [PMID: 36142791 PMCID: PMC9503857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder caused by recessive mutations in the SMN1 gene, globally affecting ~8-14 newborns per 100,000. The severity of the disease depends on the residual levels of functional survival of motor neuron protein, SMN. SMN is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein involved in a plethora of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the effects of SMN loss on mitochondrial functions in the neuronal and muscular systems that are the most affected in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Our aim is to highlight how mitochondrial defects may contribute to disease progression and how restoring mitochondrial functionality may be a promising approach to develop new therapies. We also collected from previous studies a list of transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins affected in various SMA models. Moreover, we speculate that in adulthood, when motor neurons require only very low SMN levels, the natural deterioration of mitochondria associated with aging may be a crucial triggering factor for adult spinal muscular atrophy, and this requires particular attention for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Zilio
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Valentina Piano
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (B.W.)
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (B.W.)
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11
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Dogan SA, Giacchin G, Zito E, Viscomi C. Redox Signaling and Stress in Inherited Myopathies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:301-323. [PMID: 35081731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive compounds that behave like a double-edged sword; they damage cellular structures and act as second messengers in signal transduction. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are interconnected organelles with a central role in ROS production, detoxification, and oxidative stress response. Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in mammals and one of the most metabolically active ones and thus relies mainly on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to synthesize adenosine triphosphate. The impairment of OxPhos leads to myopathy and increased ROS production, thus affecting both redox poise and signaling. In addition, ROS enter the ER and trigger ER stress and its maladaptive response, which also lead to a myopathic phenotype with mitochondrial involvement. Here, we review the role of ROS signaling in myopathies due to either mitochondrial or ER dysfunction. Recent Advances: Relevant advances have been evolving over the last 10 years on the intricate ROS-dependent pathways that act as modifiers of the disease course in several myopathies. To this end, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and ER stress have been studied extensively in myopathies. Critical Issues: The analysis of the chemistry and the exact quantitation, as well as the localization of ROS, are still challenging due to the intrinsic labile nature of ROS and the technical limitations of their sensors. Future Directions: The mechanistic studies of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial and ER-related myopathies offer a unique possibility to discover novel ROS-dependent pathways. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 301-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Anil Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giacomo Giacchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Deschenes MR, Flannery R, Hawbaker A, Patek L, Mifsud M. Adaptive Remodeling of the Neuromuscular Junction with Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071150. [PMID: 35406714 PMCID: PMC8997609 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual degeneration, in mass and function, of the neuromuscular system. This process, referred to as “sarcopenia”, is considered a disease by itself, and it has been linked to a number of other serious maladies such as type II diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and even dementia. While the molecular causes of sarcopenia remain to be fully elucidated, recent findings have implicated the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as being an important locus in the development and progression of that malady. This synapse, which connects motor neurons to the muscle fibers that they innervate, has been found to degenerate with age, contributing both to senescent-related declines in muscle mass and function. The NMJ also shows plasticity in response to a number of neuromuscular diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Here, the structural and functional degradation of the NMJ associated with aging and disease is described, along with the measures that might be taken to effectively mitigate, if not fully prevent, that degeneration.
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13
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Edgar JA, Molyneux RJ, Colegate SM. 1,2-Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Their Potential as a Dietary Cause of Sporadic Motor Neuron Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:340-354. [PMID: 35238548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), can be caused by spontaneous genetic mutations. However, many sporadic cases of ALS and other debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are believed to be caused by environmental factors, subject to considerable debate and requiring intensive research. A common pathology associated with MND development involves progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in motor neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to apoptosis. Consequent degeneration of skeletal and respiratory muscle cells can lead to death from respiratory failure. A significant number of MND cases present with cancers and liver and lung pathology. This Perspective explores the possibility that MNDs could be caused by intermittent, low-level dietary exposure to 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (1,2-dehydroPAs) that are increasingly recognized as contaminants of many foods consumed throughout the world. Nontoxic, per se, 1,2-dehydroPAs are metabolized, by particular cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms, to 6,7-dihydropyrrolizines that react with nucleophilic groups (-NH, -SH, -OH) on DNA, proteins, and other vital biochemicals, such as glutathione. Many factors, including aging, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption, influence CYP450 isoform activity in a range of tissues, including glial cells and neurons of the CNS. Activation of 1,2-dehydroPAs in CNS cells can be expected to cause gene mutations and oxidative stress, potentially leading to the development of MNDs and other NDDs. While relatively high dietary exposure to 1,2-dehydroPAs causes hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, pulmonary venoocclusive disease, neurotoxicity, and diverse cancers, this Perspective suggests that, at current intermittent, low levels of dietary exposure, neurotoxicity could become the primary pathology that develops over time in susceptible individuals, along with a tendency for some of them to also display liver and lung pathology and diverse cancers co-occurring with some MND/NDD cases. Targeted research is recommended to investigate this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Edgar
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - Russell J Molyneux
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Steven M Colegate
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, ARS/USDA, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States
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14
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Antioxidant Role and Cardiolipin Remodeling by Redox-Activated Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Independent Phospholipase A 2γ in the Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020198. [PMID: 35204081 PMCID: PMC8868467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ/PNPLA8) was previously shown to be directly activated by H2O2 and release free fatty acids (FAs) for FA-dependent H+ transport mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) or uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The resulting mild mitochondrial uncoupling and consequent partial attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide production lead to an antioxidant effect. However, the antioxidant role of iPLA2γ in the brain is not completely understood. Here, using wild-type and iPLA2γ-KO mice, we demonstrate the ability of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) to activate iPLA2γ in isolated brain mitochondria, with consequent liberation of FAs and lysophospholipids. The liberated FA caused an increase in respiratory rate, which was fully inhibited by carboxyatractyloside (CATR), a specific inhibitor of ANT. Employing detailed lipidomic analysis, we also demonstrate a typical cleavage pattern for TBHP-activated iPLA2γ, reflecting cleavage of glycerophospholipids from both sn-1 and sn-2 positions releasing saturated FAs, monoenoic FAs, and predominant polyunsaturated FAs. The acute antioxidant role of iPLA2γ-released FAs is supported by monitoring both intramitochondrial superoxide and extramitochondrial H2O2 release. We also show that iPLA2γ-KO mice were more sensitive to stimulation by pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide, as reflected by the concomitant increase in protein carbonyls in the brain and pro-inflammatory IL-6 release in the serum. These data support the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of iPLA2γ in vivo. Our data also reveal a substantial decrease of several high molecular weight cardiolipin (CL) species and accumulation of low molecular weight CL species in brain mitochondria of iPLA2γ-KO mice. Collectively, our results support a key role of iPLA2γ in the remodeling of lower molecular weight immature cardiolipins with predominantly saturated acyl chains to high molecular weight mature cardiolipins with highly unsaturated PUFA acyl chains, typical for the brain.
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15
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Marra F, Lunetti P, Curcio R, Lasorsa FM, Capobianco L, Porcelli V, Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Scarcia P. An Overview of Mitochondrial Protein Defects in Neuromuscular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34827632 PMCID: PMC8615828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are dysfunctions that involve skeletal muscle and cause incorrect communication between the nerves and muscles. The specific causes of NMDs are not well known, but most of them are caused by genetic mutations. NMDs are generally progressive and entail muscle weakness and fatigue. Muscular impairments can differ in onset, severity, prognosis, and phenotype. A multitude of possible injury sites can make diagnosis of NMDs difficult. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular homeostasis and are involved in various metabolic pathways; for this reason, their dysfunction can lead to the development of different pathologies, including NMDs. Most NMDs due to mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with mutations of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. This review is focused on some mitochondrial routes such as the TCA cycle, OXPHOS, and β-oxidation, recently found to be altered in NMDs. Particular attention is given to the alterations found in some genes encoding mitochondrial carriers, proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane able to exchange metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol. Briefly, we discuss possible strategies used to diagnose NMDs and therapies able to promote patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
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16
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Martins SG, Zilhão R, Thorsteinsdóttir S, Carlos AR. Linking Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage to Changes in the Expression of Extracellular Matrix Components. Front Genet 2021; 12:673002. [PMID: 34394183 PMCID: PMC8358603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to endogenous [e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), replication stress] and exogenous insults (e.g., UV light, ionizing radiation, and certain chemicals), which can affect the synthesis and/or stability of different macromolecules required for cell and tissue function. Oxidative stress, caused by excess ROS, and DNA damage, triggered in response to different sources, are countered and resolved by specific mechanisms, allowing the normal physiological equilibrium of cells and tissues to be restored. One process that is affected by oxidative stress and DNA damage is extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which is a continuous and highly controlled mechanism that allows tissues to readjust in reaction to different challenges. The crosstalk between oxidative stress/DNA damage and ECM remodeling is not unidirectional. Quite on the contrary, mutations in ECM genes have a strong impact on tissue homeostasis and are characterized by increased oxidative stress and potentially also accumulation of DNA damage. In this review, we will discuss how oxidative stress and DNA damage affect the expression and deposition of ECM molecules and conversely how mutations in genes encoding ECM components trigger accumulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Both situations hamper the reestablishment of cell and tissue homeostasis, with negative impacts on tissue and organ function, which can be a driver for severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Martins
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Zilhão
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Network Pharmacology/Metabolomics-Based Validation of AMPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway as a Central Role of Shengqi Fuzheng Injection Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer-Related Fatigue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5556212. [PMID: 34326918 PMCID: PMC8302405 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines have multiple targets and properties, and their use in multidisciplinary cancer therapies has consequently received increasing attention. Here, we have investigated the possible active ingredients associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in the Shengqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI). In vitro cell models were used to measure the regulation effects of SFI on CRF. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with SFI, and the interaction of compounds and CRF targets was predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. The putative pathways were further verified using immuno-blotting assays. The results showed that SFI significantly inhibited muscle cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of muscle cells. The network pharmacology analysis results identified 36 candidate compounds, and 244 potential targets were yielded by SFI, and they shared 10 key targets associated with cancer-related fatigue. According to the enrichment analysis and experimental validation, SFI might ameliorate muscle cell mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the expression changes of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes MnSOD and apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were also triggered. The functions and mechanisms of SFI in anticancer-related fatigue were found here to be at least partly due to the targeting of the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and this has highlighted new potential applications for network pharmacology when researching Chinese Medicines.
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18
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Huang R, Zhou PK. DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:254. [PMID: 34238917 PMCID: PMC8266832 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells' DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists' findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely "environmental gear selection" to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and "DNA damage baseline drift", which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China.
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19
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β-Glucans as Dietary Supplement to Improve Locomotion and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051619. [PMID: 34065946 PMCID: PMC8151547 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular childhood disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. A lack of dystrophin in DMD leads to inflammatory response, autophagic dysregulation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers that play a key role in the progression of the pathology. β-glucans can modulate immune function by modifying the phagocytic activity of immunocompetent cells, notably macrophages. Mitochondrial function is also involved in an important mechanism of the innate and adaptive immune responses, owing to high need for energy of immune cells. In the present study, the effects of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans on five-day-old non-dystrophic and dystrophic (sapje) zebrafish larvae were investigated. The effects of the sonication of β-glucans and the dechorionation of embryos were also evaluated. The results showed that the incidence of dystrophic phenotypes was reduced when dystrophic embryos were exposed to 2 and 4 mg L-1 of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans. Moreover, when the dystrophic larvae underwent 8 mg L-1 treatment, an improvement of the locomotor performances and mitochondrial respiration were observed. In conclusion, the observed results demonstrated that 1,3-1,6 β-glucans improve locomotor performances and mitochondrial function in dystrophic zebrafish. Therefore, for ameliorating their life quality, 1,3-1,6 β-glucans look like a promising diet supplement for DMD patients, even though further investigations are required.
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Belkheir AM, Reunert J, Elpers C, van den Heuvel L, Rodenburg R, Seelhöfer A, Rust S, Jeibmann A, Frosch M, Marquardt T. Severe Form of ßIV-Spectrin Deficiency With Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyopathy-A Case Report. Front Neurol 2021; 12:643805. [PMID: 33986717 PMCID: PMC8110827 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.643805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ßIV-spectrin is a protein of the spectrin family which is involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton structure and is found in high quantity in the axon initial segment and the nodes of Ranvier. Together with ankyrin G, ßIV-spectrin is responsible for the clustering of KCNQ2/3-potassium channels and NaV-sodium channels. Loss or reduction of ßIV-spectrin causes a destabilization of the cytoskeleton and an impairment in the generation of the action potential, which leads to neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, ßIV-spectrin has been described to play an important role in the maintenance of the neuronal polarity and of the diffusion barrier. ßIV-spectrin is also located in the heart where it takes an important part in the structural organization of ion channels and has also been described to participate in cell signaling pathways through binding of transcription factors. We describe two patients with a severe form of ßIV-spectrin deficiency. Whole-exome sequencing revealed the homozygous stop mutation c.6016C>T (p.R2006*) in the SPTBN4 gene. The phenotype of these patients is characterized by profound psychomotor developmental arrest, respiratory insufficiency and deafness. Additionally one of the patients presents with cardiomyopathy, optical nerve atrophy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This is the first report of a severe form of ßIV-spectrin deficiency with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Miriam Belkheir
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Elpers
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lambert van den Heuvel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anja Seelhöfer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Frosch
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health-School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Paediatrics, Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
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Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020314. [PMID: 33672490 PMCID: PMC7923627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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