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Li H, Zhang J, Shen Y, Ye Y, Jiang Q, Chen L, Sun B, Chen Z, Shen L, Fang H, Yang J, Gu H. Targeting Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in MPP +/MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Cell Culture and Mouse Models by Transducing Yeast NDI1 Gene. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:9. [PMID: 38594619 PMCID: PMC11003148 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), original found in synthetic heroin, causes Parkinson's disease (PD) in human through its metabolite MPP+ by inhibiting complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain in dopaminergic neurons. This study explored whether yeast internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) has therapeutic effects in MPTP- induced PD models by functionally compensating for the impaired complex I. MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and MPTP-treated mice were used as the PD cell culture and mouse models respectively. The recombinant NDI1 lentivirus was transduced into SH-SY5Y cells, or the recombinant NDI1 adeno-associated virus (rAAV5-NDI1) was injected into substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of mice. RESULTS The study in vitro showed NDI1 prevented MPP+-induced change in cell morphology and decreased cell viability, mitochondrial coupling efficiency, complex I-dependent oxygen consumption, and mitochondria-derived ATP. The study in vivo revealed that rAAV-NDI1 injection significantly improved the motor ability and exploration behavior of MPTP-induced PD mice. Accordingly, NDI1 notably improved dopaminergic neuron survival, reduced the inflammatory response, and significantly increased the dopamine content in striatum and complex I activity in substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS NDI1 compensates for the defective complex I in MPP+/MPTP-induced models, and vastly alleviates MPTP-induced toxic effect on dopaminergic neurons. Our study may provide a basis for gene therapy of sporadic PD with defective complex I caused by MPTP-like substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yifan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qingyou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Bohao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Town, Northern Zhongshan Road, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Shen Q, Guo H, Yan Y. Photobiomodulation for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1625. [PMID: 38338901 PMCID: PMC10855709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system and thus present a significant challenge due to the absence of effective therapies for halting or reversing their progression. Based on the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which have prolonged incubation periods and protracted courses, exploring non-invasive physical therapy methods is essential for alleviating such diseases and ensuring that patients have an improved quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits and functions by stimulating, healing, regenerating, and protecting organizations at risk of injury, degradation, or death. Over the last two decades, PBM has gained widespread recognition as a non-invasive physical therapy method, showing efficacy in pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration. Its application has expanded into the fields of neurology and psychiatry, where extensive research has been conducted. This paper presents a review and evaluation of studies investigating PBM in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific emphasis on recent applications in AD and PD treatment for both animal and human subjects. Molecular mechanisms related to neuron damage and cognitive impairment are scrutinized, offering valuable insights into PBM's potential as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoyun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihua Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Bicknell B, Liebert A, Herkes G. Parkinson's Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment. J Pers Med 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38276234 PMCID: PMC10819946 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is increasing in incidence. The combination of motor and non-motor symptoms makes this a devastating disease for people with Parkinson's disease and their care givers. Parkinson's disease is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in the substantia nigra, a reduction in dopamine, accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and neuroinflammation. The microbiome-gut-brain axis is also important in Parkinson's disease, involved in the spread of inflammation and aggregated α-synuclein. The mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment is dopamine replacement therapy, which can reduce some of the motor signs. There is a need for additional treatment options to supplement available medications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a form of light therapy that has been shown to have multiple clinical benefits due to its enhancement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the subsequent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. PBM also modulates cellular signalling and has been shown to reduce inflammation. Clinically, PBM has been used for decades to improve wound healing, treat pain, reduce swelling and heal deep tissues. Pre-clinical experiments have indicated that PBM has the potential to improve the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease and to provide neuroprotection. This effect is seen whether the PBM is directed to the head of the animal or to other parts of the body (remotely). A small number of clinical trials has given weight to the possibility that using PBM can improve both motor and non-motor clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and may potentially slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia
- Faculty of medicine and Health, Sydney University, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Neurologist, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia;
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia
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Lin H, Li D, Zhu J, Liu S, Li J, Yu T, Tuchin VV, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:010601. [PMID: 38317779 PMCID: PMC10840571 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising technology for treating brain diseases, due to its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials for treating brain diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tPBM. We summarize emerging trends and new discoveries in tPBM based on over one hundred references published in the past 20 years. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tPBM and highlight successful experimental and clinical protocols for treating various brain diseases. A better understanding of tPBM mechanisms, the development of guidelines for clinical practice, and the study of dose-dependent and personal effects hold great promise for progress in treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Optical Electronic Information, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Science Medical Center, Saratov, Russia
- Humboldt University, Department of Physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics – Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Wuhan, China
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Liu S, Li D, Yu T, Zhu J, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation improves insulin therapy in diabetic microglial reactivity and the brain drainage system. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1239. [PMID: 38066234 PMCID: PMC10709608 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of microglia in the development of diabetes is associated with various diabetic complications, while traditional insulin therapy is insufficient to rapidly restore the function of microglia. Therefore, the search for new alternative methods of treating diabetes-related dysfunction of microglia is urgently needed. Here, we evaluate the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) on microglial function in diabetic mice and investigate its mechanism. We find tPBM treatment effectively improves insulin therapy on microglial morphology and reactivity. We also show that tPBM stimulates brain drainage system through activation of meningeal lymphatics, which contributes to the removal of inflammatory factor, and increase of microglial purinergic receptor P2RY12. Besides, the energy expenditure and locomotor activity of diabetic mice are also improved by tPBM. Our results demonstrate that tPBM can be an efficient, non-invasive method for the treatment of microglial dysfunction caused by diabetes, and also has the potential to prevent diabetic physiological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- School of Optical Electronic Information-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410012, Saratov, Russia
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Although the cause(s) of Alzheimer's disease in the majority of cases remains elusive, it has long been associated with hypertension. In animal models of the disease, hypertension has been shown to exacerbate Alzheimer-like pathology and behavior, while in humans, hypertension during mid-life increases the risk of developing the disease later in life. Unfortunately, once individuals are diagnosed with the disease, there are few therapeutic options available. There is neither an effective symptomatic treatment, one that treats the debilitating cognitive and memory deficits, nor, more importantly, a neuroprotective treatment, one that stops the relentless progression of the pathology. Further, there is no specific preventative treatment that offsets the onset of the disease. A key factor or clue in this quest for an effective preventative and therapeutic treatment may lie in the contribution of hypertension to the disease. In this review, we explore the idea that photobiomodulation, the application of specific wavelengths of light onto body tissues, can reduce the neuropathology and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease by controlling hypertension. We suggest that treatment with photobiomodulation can be an effective preventative and therapeutic option for this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Valverde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France,
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence to: John Mitrofanis, E-mail:
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7
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Determination of the Unilaterally Damaged Region May Depend on the Asymmetry of Carotid Blood Flow Velocity in Hemiparkinsonian Monkey: A Pilot Study. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:4382145. [PMID: 36407681 PMCID: PMC9668443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4382145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hemiparkinsonian nonhuman primate model induced by unilateral injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the carotid artery is used to study Parkinson's disease. However, there have been no studies that the contralateral distribution of MPTP via the cerebral collateral circulation is provided by both the circle of Willis (CoW) and connections of the carotid artery. To investigate whether MPTP-induced unilaterally damaged regions were determined by asymmetrical cerebral blood flow, the differential asymmetric damage of striatal subregions, and examined structural asymmetries in a circle of Willis, and blood flow velocity of the common carotid artery were observed in three monkeys that were infused with MPTP through the left internal carotid artery. Lower flow velocity in the ipsilateral common carotid artery and a higher ratio of ipsilateral middle cerebral artery diameter to anterior cerebral artery diameter resulted in unilateral damage. Additionally, the unilateral damaged monkey observed the apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation behavior and the temporary increase of plasma RANTES. Contrastively, higher flow velocity in the ipsilateral common carotid artery was observed in the bilateral damaged monkey. It is suggested that asymmetry of blood flow velocity and structural asymmetry of the circle of Willis should be taken into consideration when establishing more efficient hemiparkinsonian nonhuman primate models.
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Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
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Bathini M, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 33301129 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01016-9,33301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukha Bathini
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Zhang J, Sun B, Yang J, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang N, Li H, Shen L. Comparison of the effect of rotenone and 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine on inducing chronic Parkinson's disease in mouse models. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:91. [PMID: 35039876 PMCID: PMC8809117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) are very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and screening for new therapeutic approaches. The present study compared two commonly used neurotoxin‑induced mouse models of chronic PD to guide model selection, explore the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying PD and develop effective treatments. The chronic PD mouse models were established via treatment with rotenone or 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 weeks. The effects of rotenone and MPTP in the mice were compared by assessing neurobehavior, neuropathology and mitochondrial function through the use of the pole, rotarod and open field tests, immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium‑binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‑1), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and (p)S129 α‑synuclein, immunofluorescence for GFAP, Iba‑1 and NeuN, western blotting for TH, oxygen consumption, complex I enzyme activity. The locomotor activity, motor coordination and exploratory behavior in both rotenone and MPTP groups were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, behavioral tests were no significant differences between the two groups. In the MPTP group, the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, the reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase content in the SN and striatum and the astrocyte proliferation and microglial activation in the SN were more significant compared with the rotenone group. Notably, mitochondrial‑dependent oxygen consumption and complex I enzyme activity in the SN were significantly reduced in the rotenone group compared with the MPTP group. In addition, Lewy bodies were present only in SN neurons in the rotenone group. Although no significant differences in neurobehavior were observed between the two mouse models, the MPTP model reproduced the pathological features of PD more precisely in terms of the loss of DA neurons, decreased dopamine levels and neuroinflammation in the SN. On the other hand, the rotenone model was more suitable for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction (deficient complex I activity) and Lewy body formation in the SN, which is a characteristic pathological feature of PD. The results indicated that MPTP and rotenone PD models have advantages and disadvantages, therefore one or both should be selected based on the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bohao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Schiffer F, Khan A, Bolger E, Flynn E, Seltzer WP, Teicher MH. An Effective and Safe Novel Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Unilateral Transcranial Photobiomodulation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:713686. [PMID: 34447323 PMCID: PMC8382852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The opioid epidemic is a global tragedy even with current treatments, and a novel, safe, and effective treatment would be welcomed. We report here our findings from our second randomized controlled trial to evaluate unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation as a treatment for opioid use disorder. Methods: We enrolled 39 participants with active opioid cravings at 2 sites, 19 received the active treatment which consisted of a 4-min twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days) application of a light-emitting diode at 810 nm with an irradiance of 250 mW/cm2 and a fluence of 60 J/cm2 to the forehead over either the left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a fluence to the brain of 2.1 J/cm2. Twenty participants received a sham treatment with the same device with foil over the bulb. The side of the treatment was based on Dual-Brain Psychology, which posits that one hemisphere is more affected by past maltreatments and is more prone to anxiety and drug cravings that the other hemisphere. We treated the hemisphere with the more positive hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) by 2 tests for HEV. Results: Our primary outcome was changes in pre-treatment opioid craving scale (OCS) minus baseline, and we found using a mixed model that the active group had a highly significant treatment * time benefit over the sham group, p < 0.0001, effect size at the last follow-up of 1.5. The active treatment benefited those not on buprenorphine as well as those not on it. The TimeLine Follow Back measure of opioid use was significantly better in the actively treated group, p = 0.0001, with an effect size of 0.45. We observed no adverse effects. Conclusion: Active unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation to the brain hemisphere with the better HEV was better than sham in the reduction of opioid cravings and opioid use to a very significant degree in a RCT of 39 participants at 2 independent sites. In the active group those on buprenorphine and those not on it both had improvements in cravings over the study. No adverse responses were reported in either group. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04340622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric Schiffer
- MindLight, LLC, Newton Highlands, MA, United States
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alaptagin Khan
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bolger
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Edward Flynn
- MindLight, LLC, Newton Highlands, MA, United States
| | | | - Martin H. Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Akbarnejad Z, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Transcranial photobiomodulation in the management of brain disorders. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112207. [PMID: 34119804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the process of delivering light photons through the skull to benefit from its modifying effect. Brain disorders are important health problems. The aim of this review was to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's disease as the common brain disorders. Four online databases, including Cochrane, Pub Med, Embase, and Google scholar were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. 4728 articles were obtained in the initial search. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or animal-controlled studies were included. 6 RCTs, 2 related supplementary articles, and 38 controlled animal studies met the inclusion criteria of this study. No RCTs were performed in the fields of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The human RCTs and animal studies reported no adverse events resulted from the use of tPBM. Useful parameters of tPBM were identified according to the controlled animal studies. Since the investigated RCTs had no homogenous results, making an evidence-based decision for definite therapeutic application of tPBM is still unattainable. Altogether, these data support the need for large confirmatory well-designed RCTs for using tPBM as a novel, safe, and easy-to-administer treatment of brain disorders. EVIDENCE BEFORE THIS STUDY High prevalence and complications of brain disorders and also side effects of neuropsychiatric medications have encouraged researchers to find alternative therapeutic techniques which tPBM can be one of them. In present review we tried to determine the existing evidence of effectiveness, useful parameters, and safety of tPBM in the management of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer, and Parkinson's disease as common brain disorders. Four online databases, including "Cochrane", "Pub Med", "Embase", and "Google scholar" were searched. Only those articles that were published until September 2020 and designed as RCTs or animal-controlled studies were included. Search keywords were the followings: transcranial photobiomodulation" OR "transcranial low-level laser therapy" AND "stroke" OR "traumatic brain injury" OR "Alzheimer" OR "Parkinson". Several studies have confirmed effectiveness of tPBM in treatment of different brain disorders but the level of evidence of its effectiveness remain to be determined. ADDED VALUE OF THIS STUDY In this study we systematically reviewed human RCTs to determine the existing evidence of tPBM effectiveness in management of four mentioned brain disorders. Since the outcomes of the reviewed RCTs were not homogeneous, further well-designed RCTs are required to decide more definitively on the evidence of this noninvasive and probably safe therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that non-homogeneous outcomes could be due to inefficiency of PBM parameters. Controlled animal studies have the advantage of using objective tests to evaluate the results and compare them with the control group. We determined useful tPBM parameters based on these studies. IMPLICATIONS OF ALL THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE This research is part of our main project of tinnitus treatment using photobiomodulation (PBM). Evidence of central nervous system involvement in tinnitus led us to believe that treatment protocol of tinnitus should also include transcranial PBM. The determined useful parameters can be helpful in designing more efficient tPBM protocols in the management of brain disorders and tinnitus as a common debilitating symptom that can be associated with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Chaibakhsh
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran; Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health eInstitute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Johnstone DM, Hamilton C, Gordon LC, Moro C, Torres N, Nicklason F, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Exploring the Use of Intracranial and Extracranial (Remote) Photobiomodulation Devices in Parkinson's Disease: A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Systemic Stimulations. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1399-1413. [PMID: 33843683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, photobiomodulation has been shown to be beneficial in animal models of Parkinson's disease, improving locomotive behavior and being neuroprotective. Early observations in people with Parkinson's disease have been positive also, with improvements in the non-motor symptoms of the disease being evident most consistently. Although the precise mechanisms behind these improvements are not clear, two have been proposed: direct stimulation, where light reaches and acts directly on the distressed neurons, and remote stimulation, where light influences cells and/or molecules that provide systemic protection, thereby acting indirectly on distressed neurons. In relation to Parkinson's disease, given that the major zone of pathology lies deep in the brain and that light from an extracranial or external photobiomodulation device would not reach these vulnerable regions, stimulating the distressed neurons directly would require intracranial delivery of light using a device implanted close to the vulnerable regions. For indirect systemic stimulation, photobiomodulation could be applied to either the head and scalp, using a transcranial helmet, or to a more remote body part (e.g., abdomen, leg). In this review, we discuss the evidence for both the direct and indirect neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation in Parkinson's disease and propose that both types of treatment modality, when working together using both intracranial and extracranial devices, provide the best therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke C Gordon
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Cecile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Frank Nicklason
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Australia.,Geriatric Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Australia.,University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
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14
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You J, Bragin A, Liu H, Li L. Preclinical studies of transcranial photobiomodulation in the neurological diseases. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
| | - Anatol Bragin
- Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
- Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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15
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Bathini M, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:955-971. [PMID: 33301129 PMCID: PMC8942959 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukha Bathini
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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16
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Photobiomodulation for Parkinson's Disease in Animal Models: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040610. [PMID: 32326425 PMCID: PMC7225948 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) might be an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in human patients. PBM of the brain uses red or near infrared light delivered from a laser or an LED at relatively low power densities, onto the head (or other body parts) to stimulate the brain and prevent degeneration of neurons. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra deep within the brain. PD is a movement disorder that also shows various other symptoms affecting the brain and other organs. Treatment involves dopamine replacement therapy or electrical deep brain stimulation. The present systematic review covers reports describing the use of PBM to treat laboratory animal models of PD, in an attempt to draw conclusions about the best choice of parameters and irradiation techniques. There have already been clinical trials of PBM reported in patients, and more are expected in the coming years. PBM is particularly attractive as it is a non-pharmacological treatment, without any major adverse effects (and very few minor ones).
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