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Zhang K, Chen L, Wang B, Chen D, Ye X, Han X, Fang Q, Yu C, Wu J, Guo S, Chen L, Shi Y, Wang L, Cheng H, Li H, Shen L, Zhao Q, Jin L, Lyu J, Fang H. Mitochondrial supercomplex assembly regulates metabolic features and glutamine dependency in mammalian cells. Theranostics 2023; 13:3165-3187. [PMID: 37351168 PMCID: PMC10283060 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation system, which mainly comprises five respiratory complexes found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A high-order assembly of respiratory complexes is called a supercomplex. COX7A2L is a supercomplex assembly factor that has been well-investigated for studying supercomplex function and assembly. To date, the effects of mitochondrial supercomplexes on cell metabolism have not been elucidated. Methods: We depleted COX7A2L or Cox7a2l in human and mouse cells to generate cell models lacking mitochondrial supercomplexes as well as in DBA/2J mice as animal models. We tested the effect of impaired supercomplex assembly on cell proliferation with different nutrient supply. We profiled the metabolic features in COX7A2L-/- cells and Cox7a2l-/- mice via the combined use of targeted and untargeted metabolic profiling and metabolic flux analysis. We further tested the role of mitochondrial supercomplexes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through PDAC cell lines and a nude mouse model. Results: Impairing mitochondrial supercomplex assembly by depleting COX7A2L in human cells reprogrammed metabolic pathways toward anabolism and increased glutamine metabolism, cell proliferation and antioxidative defense. Similarly, knockout of Cox7a2l in DBA/2J mice promoted the use of proteins/amino acids as oxidative carbon sources. Mechanistically, impaired supercomplex assembly increased electron flux from CII to CIII/CIV and promoted CII-dependent respiration in COX7A2L-/- cells which further upregulated glutaminolysis and glutamine oxidation to accelerate the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, the proliferation of PDAC cells lacking COX7A2L was inhibited by glutamine deprivation. Conclusion: Our results reveal the regulatory role of mitochondrial supercomplexes in glutaminolysis which may fine-tune the fate of cells with different nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310063, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianglai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Quan Fang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Can Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Song B, Shen S, Fu S, Fu J. HSPA6 and its role in cancers and other diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10565-10577. [PMID: 35666422 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 6 (HSPA6) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man: 140555) belongs to the HSP70 family and is a partially conserved inducible protein in mammals. The HSPA6 gene locates on the human chromosome 1q23.3 and encodes a protein containing two important structural domains: The N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain and the C-terminal substrate-binding domain. Currently, studies have found that HSPA6 not only plays a role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progresses but also causes non-tumor-related diseases. Furthermore, HSPA6 exhibits to inhibit tumorigenesis and tumor progression in some types of cancers but promotes in others. Even though HSPA6 research has increased, its exact roles and mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the structure, expression, function, research progress, possible mechanism, and perspective of HSPA6 in cancers and other diseases, highlighting its potential role as a targeted therapeutic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Hassan HM. Inception of redox cycling and its impact in biology and medicine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 726:109256. [PMID: 35477006 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This commentary discusses how the idea of employing redox cycling compounds to generate partially reduced oxygen species (O2-, H2O2, HO.) to cause oxidative stress in the model organism, Escherichia coli, was born. The concept was materialized during our studies on the induction and regulation of the Mn-superoxide dismutase in this unicellular organism. I described how the findings revolutionized the field of oxygen free radicals and oxidative stress and demonstrated its continued relevance and impact to the field today and most probably in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni M Hassan
- The Prestage Department of Poultry Science, 334C Scott Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27693, USA; Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27693, USA.
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4
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Britt EC, Lika J, Giese MA, Schoen TJ, Seim GL, Huang Z, Lee PY, Huttenlocher A, Fan J. Switching to the cyclic pentose phosphate pathway powers the oxidative burst in activated neutrophils. Nat Metab 2022; 4:389-403. [PMID: 35347316 PMCID: PMC8964420 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells at the frontline of innate immunity that can quickly activate effector functions to eliminate pathogens upon stimulation. However, little is known about the metabolic adaptations that power these functions. Here we show rapid metabolic alterations in neutrophils upon activation, particularly drastic reconfiguration around the pentose phosphate pathway, which is specifically and quantitatively coupled to an oxidative burst. During this oxidative burst, neutrophils switch from glycolysis-dominant metabolism to a unique metabolic mode termed 'pentose cycle', where all glucose-6-phosphate is diverted into oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and net flux through upper glycolysis is reversed to allow substantial recycling of pentose phosphates. This reconfiguration maximizes NADPH yield to fuel superoxide production via NADPH oxidase. Disruptions of pentose cycle greatly suppress oxidative burst, the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and pathogen killing by neutrophils. Together, these results demonstrate the remarkable metabolic flexibility of neutrophils, which is essential for their functions as the first responders in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jorgo Lika
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Morgan A Giese
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor J Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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5
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Li D, Zheng X, Yang Y, Kong G, Xu M. Electrochemical Activity Produced from Abundant Expression of C‐Type Cytochromes in a Filamentous Gram‐Positive Bacterium. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daobo Li
- Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangzhou 510070 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Xiaodan Zheng
- Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangzhou 510070 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Guannan Kong
- Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangzhou 510070 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangzhou 510070 China
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Ebrahimi M, Norouzi P, Aazami H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Review on oxidative stress relation on COVID-19: Biomolecular and bioanalytical approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:802-818. [PMID: 34418419 PMCID: PMC8372478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has put life of people in stress worldwide from many aspects. Since the virus has mutated in absolutely short period of time the challenge to find a suitable vaccine has become harder. Infection to COVID-19, especially at severe life threatening states is highly dependent on the strength of the host immune system. This system is partially dependent on the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant. Besides, this virus still has unknown mechanism of action companied by a probable commune period. From another hand, some reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can be helpful on the state determination of the disease. Thus it could be possible to use modern bioanalytical techniques for their detection and determination, which could indicate the disease state at the golden time window since they have the potential to show whether specific DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins are affected. This also could be used as a preclude study or a reliable pathway to define the best optimized time of cure beside effective medical actions. Herein, some ROS and their relation with SARS-CoV-2 virus have been considered. In addition, modern bioelectroanalytical techniques on this approach from quantitative and qualitative points of view have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ebrahimi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liao Y, Jia X, Ren Y, Deji Z, Gesang Y, Ning N, Feng H, Yu H, Wei A. Suppressive role of microRNA-130b-3p in ferroptosis in melanoma cells correlates with DKK1 inhibition and Nrf2-HO-1 pathway activation. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1532-1544. [PMID: 34117611 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell death pathways related to ferroptosis are implicated in the progression of melanoma. Emerging data reporting the upregulation of microRNA (miR)-130b-3p in melanoma indicate the potential implication of miR-130b-3p in this malignancy. Herein, we aimed to identify whether and how miR-130b-3p regulated ferroptosis in melanoma cells. Melanoma cells (A375, G-361) were treated with erastin or RSL3 to mimic ferroptosis in vitro. Viability, lipid peroxidation level and ferrous ion content in melanoma cells were then assessed in response to manipulation of miR-130b-3p expression. Luciferase assay was conducted to determine the binding of miR-130b-3p to Dickkopf1 (DKK1). Western blot assay was conducted to determine the expression of molecules related to nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. The results indicated that miR-130b-3p exerted an inhibitory role in erastin or RSL3-induced ferroptosis, evidenced by reductions in lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion content. By suppressing the expression of target gene DKK1, miR-130b-3p activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, whereby repressing ferroptosis. miR-130b-3p blocked the antitumor activity of erastin. Further, in vitro findings were reproduced in an in vivo murine model. Together, these data suggest the potential of miR-130b-3p to inhibit ferroptosis in melanoma cells and the mechanism was related to DKK1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Hunan Province, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoga Deji
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Gesang
- Department of Pathology, Lhasa People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ning
- Medical Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Hunan Province, No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China
| | - An Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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N- trans-Feruloyloctopamine Wakes Up BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA Signals to Accelerate HCC Cell Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:1560307. [PMID: 34123711 PMCID: PMC8166497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1560307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine (FO), a natural compound, was reported in our previous study to inhibit a tumor cell malignant phenotype by AKT- and EMT-related signals and might be used as a promising drug for HCC treatment. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanisms still need to be clarified. Screening with RNA-Seq in Huh7 cells treated with FO revealed that 317 genes were modulated, of which 188 genes were upregulated and 129 genes were downregulated. Real-time cell analyzer and flow cytometry data reveal that tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were impacted by FO. DAVID bioinformatic data showed that most of the biological process GO terms are related to proliferation and apoptosis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. The obstacle effect of FO can provide new targets and new credibility for the treatment of liver cancer.
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9
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Resveratrol Derivative, Trans-3, 5, 4'-Trimethoxystilbene Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to Apoptosis via ROS-Induced Caspases Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8840692. [PMID: 33833855 PMCID: PMC8018847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8840692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that resveratrol can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Trans-3, 5, 4'-trimethoxystilbene (TMS), a novel derivative of resveratrol, is a more potent anticancer compound than resveratrol and can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Herein, we examined the mechanisms involved in TMS-mediated sensitization of human osteosarcoma (143B) cells to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- (TRAIL-) induced apoptosis. Our results showed that cotreatment with TSM and TRAIL activated caspases and increased PARP-1 cleavage in 143B cells. Decreasing cellular ROS levels using NAC reversed TSM- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in 143B cells. NAC abolished the upregulated expression of PUMA and p53 induced by treatment with TRAIL and TSM. Silencing the expression of p53 or PUMA using RNA interference attenuated TSM-mediated sensitization of 143B cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of Bax also reversed TSM-induced sensitization of 143B cell to TRAIL-mediated apoptotic cell death. These results indicate that cotreatment with TRAIL and TSM evaluated intracellular ROS level, promoted DNA damage, and activated the Bax/PUMA/p53 pathway, leading to activation of both mitochondrial and caspase-mediated apoptosis in 143B cells. Orthotopic implantation of 143B cells in mice also demonstrated that cotreatment with TRAIL and TSM reversed resistance to apoptosis in cells without obvious adverse effects in normal cells.
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Lim K, Lee YS, Simoska O, Dong F, Sima M, Stewart RJ, Minteer SD. Rapid Entrapment of Phenazine Ethosulfate within a Polyelectrolyte Complex on Electrodes for Efficient NAD + Regeneration in Mediated NAD +-Dependent Bioelectrocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10942-10951. [PMID: 33646753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the designs of redox polymers have become critical to the field of mediated bioelectrocatalysis and are used in commercial glucose biosensors, as well as other bioelectrochemical applications (e.g., energy harvesting). These polymers are specifically used to immobilize redox mediators on electrode surfaces, allowing for self-exchange-based conduction of electrons from enzymes far from the electrode to the electrode surface. However, the synthesis of redox polymers is challenging and results in large batch-to-batch variability. Herein, we report a rapid entrapment of mediators for NAD+-dependent bioelectrocatalysis within reverse ionically condensed polyelectrolytes. A high ionic strength aqueous solution of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, composed of cationic polyguanidinium (PG) chloride and anionic sodium hexametaphosphate (P6), undergoes phase inversion into a solid microporous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) when introduced into a low ionic strength aqueous solution. The ionic strength-triggered phase inversion of PGP6 solutions was investigated as a means to entrap mediators on the surface of electrodes for mediated bioelectrocatalysis. Compared to the traditional cross-linked immobilizations using redox polymers, this phase inversion takes place within seconds and requires up to 60 min for complete stabilization. In this work, redox mediator phenazine ethosulfate (PES) was entrapped within PGP6 on electrode surfaces for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent bioelectrocatalysis. In the bulk solution, NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of the substrate while reducing NAD to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The resulting NADH is reoxidized to NAD+ by the entrapped PES that gets reduced on the electrode, completing the NAD+-regeneration-based bioelectrocatalysis. To show the use of these new materials in an application, biofuel cells were evaluated using four different anodic enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate hydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, and glucose dehydrogenase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Tang JF, Li GL, Zhang T, Du YM, Huang SY, Ran JH, Li J, Chen DL. Homoharringtonine inhibits melanoma cells proliferation in vitro and vivo by inducing DNA damage, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108774. [PMID: 33548212 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Homoharringtonine (HHT), an approved anti-leukemic alkaloid, has been reported effectively in many types of tumor cells. However, its effect on melanoma cells has not been investigated. And the anti-melanoma mechanism of HHT is still unknown. In this study, we detected the effects of HHT on two melanoma cell lines (A375 and B16F10) and on the A375 xenograft mouse model. HHT significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells as investigated by the CCK8 method, cell cloning assay, and EdU experiment. HHT induced A375 and B16F10 cells DNA damage, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest as proved by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry assay. Additionally, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HHT-treated cells were visualized by JC-1 fluorescent staining. For the molecule mechanism study, western blotting results indicated the protein expression levels of ATM, P53, p-P53, p-CHK2, γ-H2AX, PARP, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, Aurka, p-Aurka, Plk1, p-Plk1, Cdc25c, CDK1, cyclin B1, and Myt1 were regulated by HHT. And the relative mRNA expression level of Aurka, Plk1, Cdc25c, CDK1, cyclin B1, and Myt1 were ascertained by q-PCR assay. The results in vivo experiment showed that HHT can slow down the growth rate of tumors. At the same time, the protein expression levels in vivo were consistent with that in vitro. Collectively, our study provided evidence that HHT could be considered an effective anti-melanoma agent by inducing DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Tang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Li Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Mei Du
- College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Ran
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, PR China.
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12
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Sulfite oxidation by the quinone-reducing molybdenum sulfite dehydrogenase SoeABC from the bacterium Aquifex aeolicus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Justiniano R, de Faria Lopes L, Perer J, Hua A, Park SL, Jandova J, Baptista MS, Wondrak GT. The Endogenous Tryptophan-derived Photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a Nanomolar Photosensitizer that Can be Harnessed for the Photodynamic Elimination of Skin Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:180-191. [PMID: 32767762 DOI: 10.1111/php.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UV-chromophores contained in human skin may act as endogenous sensitizers of photooxidative stress and can be employed therapeutically for the photodynamic elimination of malignant cells. Here, we report that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a tryptophan-derived photoproduct and endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, displays activity as a nanomolar sensitizer of photooxidative stress, causing the photodynamic elimination of human melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. FICZ is an efficient UVA/Visible photosensitizer having absorbance maximum at 390 nm (ε = 9180 L mol-1 cm-1 ), and fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of 0.15 and 0.5, respectively, in methanol. In a panel of cultured human squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma skin cancer cells (SCC-25, HaCaT-ras II-4, A375, G361, LOX), photodynamic induction of cell death was elicited by the combined action of solar simulated UVA (6.6 J cm-2 ) and FICZ (≥10 nm), preceded by the induction of oxidative stress as substantiated by MitoSOX Red fluorescence microscopy, comet detection of Fpg-sensitive oxidative genomic lesions and upregulated stress response gene expression (HMOX1, HSPA1A, HSPA6). In SKH1 "high-risk" mouse skin, an experimental FICZ/UVA photodynamic treatment regimen blocked the progression of UV-induced tumorigenesis suggesting feasibility of harnessing FICZ for the photooxidative elimination of malignant cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Justiniano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lohanna de Faria Lopes
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Perer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anh Hua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sophia L Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Wenxin Granule Ameliorates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria via the PKC- δ/NOX2/ROS Pathway in H9c2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3245483. [PMID: 32566078 PMCID: PMC7260629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3245483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and following reperfusion therapy-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have been recognized as an important subject of cardiovascular disease with high mortality. As the antiarrhythmic agent, Wenxin Granule (WXG) is widely used to arrhythmia and heart failure. In our pilot study, we found the antioxidative potential of WXG in the treatment of myocardial I/R. This study is aimed at investigating whether WXG could treat cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in mitochondria. The H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line was subject to H/R stimuli to mimic I/R injury in vitro. WXG was added to the culture medium 24 h before H/R exposing as pretreatment. Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) inhibitor rottlerin or PKC-δ lentivirus vectors were conducted on H9c2 cells to downregulate or overexpress PKC-δ protein. Then, the cell viability, oxidative stress levels, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis index were analyzed. In addition, PKC-δ protein expression in each group was verified by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the PKC-δ protein level was significantly increased in the H/R group, which was remarkably improved by WXG or rottlerin. PKC-δ lentivirus vector-mediated PKC-δ overexpression was not reduced by WXG. WXG significantly improved H/R-induced cell injury, lower levels of SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio, higher levels of MDA, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS content, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP loss, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, NOX2 activation, cytochrome C release, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 increasing, and cell apoptosis. Similar findings were obtained from rottlerin treatment. However, the protective effects of WXG were abolished by PKC-δ overexpression, indicating that PKC-δ was a potential target of WXG treatment. Our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism by which WXG attenuated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of H9c2 cells induced by H/R stimulation via inhibitory regulation of PKC-δ/NOX2/ROS signaling.
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Zhang S, Wang B, Xiao H, Dong J, Li Y, Zhu C, Jin Y, Li H, Cui M, Fan S. LncRNA HOTAIR enhances breast cancer radioresistance through facilitating HSPA1A expression via sequestering miR-449b-5p. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1801-1816. [PMID: 32374522 PMCID: PMC7327697 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is the leading cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Pre‐ and postoperative radiotherapy play a pivotal role in BRCA treatment but its efficacy remains limited and plagued by the emergence of radiation resistance, which aggravates patient prognosis. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐implicated mechanisms underlying radiation resistance are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether lncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) modulated the radiosensitivity of breast cancer through HSPA1A. Methods A Gammacell 40 Exactor was used for irradiation treatment. Bioinformatic tools and luciferase reporter assay were adopted to explore gene expression profile and demonstrate the interactions between lncRNA, miRNA and target mRNA 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR). The expression levels of certain genes were determined by real‐time PCR and western‐blot analyses. in vitro and in vivo functional assays were conducted by cell viability and tumorigenicity assays. Results The levels of oncogenic lncRNA HOTAIR were positively correlated with the malignancy of BRCA but reversely correlated with the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Moreover, the expression levels of HOTAIR were positively associated with those of heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A (HSPA1A) in clinical BRCA tissues and HOTAIR upregulated HSPA1A at the mRNA and protein levels in irradiated BRCA cells. Mechanistically, miR‐449b‐5p restrained HSPA1A expression through targeting the 3′‐UTR of HSPA1A mRNA, whereas HOTAIR acted as a competing sponge to sequester miR‐449b‐5p and thereby relieved the miR‐449b‐5p‐mediated HSPA1A repression. Functionally, HOTAIR conferred decreased radiosensitivity on BRCA cells, while miR‐449b‐5p overexpression or HSPA1A knockdown abrogated the HOTAIR‐enhanced BRCA growth under the irradiation exposure both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions LncRNA HOTAIR facilitates the expression of HSPA1A by sequestering miR‐449b‐5p post‐transcriptionally and thereby endows BRCA with radiation resistance. Key points Therapeutically, HOTAIR and HSPA1A may be employed as potential targets for BRCA radiotherapy. Our findings shed new light into the mechanism by which lncRNAs modulate the radiosensitivity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Xu M, Qi Q, Men L, Wang S, Li M, Xiao M, Chen X, Wang S, Wang G, Jia H, Liu C. Berberine protects Kawasaki disease-induced human coronary artery endothelial cells dysfunction by inhibiting of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 127:106660. [PMID: 32070767 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness characterized by systemic vasculitis especially in coronary arteries. Berberine (BBR) shows several beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. The present study is to investigate whether BBR exerts protective effect against KD-induced damage of human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAECs) and the underlying mechanisms. HCAECs exposed to medium with 15% serum from KD patients or healthy volunteers for 24 h. Stimulated HCAECs were treated with vehicle (without BBR) and BBR (20 μM) for 24 h, the cell apoptosis, cell cycle, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein expression were examined by flow cytometry and western blot. The KD-induced differentially expressed proteins in HCAECs were determined by quantitative proteomics. BBR inhibited HCAECs from apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. BBR protected HCAECs from injury by inhibiting expression of THBD, vWF and EDN1. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the oxidative and ER stress were involved in KD-induced damage in HCAECs. ROS production and the protein expression of ATF4, p-EIF2α, p-PERK, XBP1, p-IRE1, HSP90B1, HSPG2, DNAJC3, P4HB and VCP were increased by serum from KD patients and decreased by BBR treatment. BBR exerts its protective effects on KD-induced damage of HCAECs through its inhibitory effects on oxidative and ER stress indicating BBR as a therapeutic candidate for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguo Xu
- The Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- The Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, School of Medicine, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Men
- The Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shushui Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Xiao
- The Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaozhou Chen
- The Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobing Wang
- The Department of Pediatric Research, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongling Jia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Hong M, Li J, Li S, M.Almutairi M. Acetylshikonin Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Apoptosis through ROS-Mediated Caspase Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111466. [PMID: 31752383 PMCID: PMC6912742 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has shown strong and explicit cancer cell-selectivity, which results in little toxicity toward normal tissues, and has been recognized as a potential, relatively safe anticancer agent. However, several cancers are resistant to the apoptosis induced by TRAIL. A recent study found that shikonin b (alkannin, 5,8-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl]naphthalene-1,4-dione) might induce apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated caspases activation. However, the strong cytotoxic activity has limited its potential as an anticancer drug. Thus, the current study intends to discover novel shikonin derivatives which can sensitize the liver cancer cell to TRAIL-induced apoptosis while exhibiting little toxicity toward the normal hepatic cell. The trypan blue exclusion assay, western blot assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as the ‘comet’ assay, were used to study the underlying mechanisms of cell death and to search for any mechanisms of an enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in the presence of ASH. Herein, we demonstrated that non-cytotoxic doses of acetylshikonin (ASH), one of the shikonin derivatives, in combination with TRAIL, could promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Further studies showed that application of ASH in a non-cytotoxic dose (2.5 μM) could increase intracellular ROS production and induce DNA damage, which might trigger a cell intrinsic apoptosis pathway in the TRAIL-resistant HepG2 cell. Combination treatment with a non-cytotoxic dose of ASH and TRAIL activated caspase and increased the cleavage of PARP-1 in the HepG2 cell. However, when intracellular ROS production was suppressed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), the synergistic effects of ASH and TRAIL on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell apoptosis was abolished. Furthermore, NAC could alleviate p53 and the p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression induced by TRAIL and ASH. Small (or short) interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PUMA or p53 significantly reversed ASH-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, Bax gene deficiency also abolished ASH-induced TRAIL sensitization. An orthotopical HCC implantation mice model further confirmed that co-treated ASH overcomes TRAIL resistance in HCC cells without exhibiting potent toxicity in vivo. In conclusion, the above data suggested that ROS could induce DNA damage and activating p53/PUMA/Bax signaling, and thus, this resulted in the permeabilization of mitochondrial outer membrane and activating caspases as well as sensitizing the HCC cell to apoptosis induced by TRAIL and ASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51000, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.M.A.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-39352328 (M.H.); +785-864-6192 (M.M.A.)
| | - Jinke Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Mohammed M.Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (J.L.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.M.A.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-39352328 (M.H.); +785-864-6192 (M.M.A.)
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