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da Fonseca Alves R, Pallarès-Rusiñol A, Rossi R, Martí M, Vaz ER, de Araújo TG, Sotomayor MDPT, Pividori MI. Peptide-based biosensing approaches for targeting breast cancer-derived exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116211. [PMID: 38537428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles present in all the biological fluids, making them attractive as non-invasive biomarkers for diseases like cancer, among many others. However, exosomes are complex to separate and detect, requiring comprehensive molecular characterization for their routine use in diagnostics. This study explores the use of peptides as cost-effective and stable alternatives to antibodies for exosome binding. To achieve that, phage display technology was employed to select peptides with high specificity for target molecules in exosomes. Specifically, a selected peptide was evaluated for its ability to selectively bind breast cancer-derived exosomes. Proteomic analysis identified 38 protein candidates targeted by the peptide on exosome membranes. The binding of the peptide to breast cancer-derived exosomes was successfully demonstrated by flow cytometry and magneto-actuated immunoassays. Furthermore, an electrochemical biosensor was also tested for breast cancer-derived exosome detection and quantification. The peptide demonstrated effective binding to exosomes from aggressive cancer cell lines, offering promising results in terms of specificity and recovery. This research shows potential for developing rapid, accessible diagnostic tools for breast cancer, especially in low-resource healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael da Fonseca Alves
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Arnau Pallarès-Rusiñol
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Merce Martí
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Rezende Vaz
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Isabel Pividori
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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2
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Yang J, Chu M, Zhang Y, Qian J, Liu J, Wang M, Qiang Z, Ren J. Mito-Specific Nutri-Hijacker Synergizing Mitochondrial Metabolism and Glycolysis Intervention for Enhanced Antitumor Bioenergetic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29902-29916. [PMID: 38809117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring, a dynamic metabolic phenotype switch, confers that tumors exist and proliferate after fitness (or preadaptation) in harsh environmental conditions. Glycolysis deprivation was considered to be a tumor's metabolic Achilles heel. However, metabolic configuration can flexibly retune the mitochondrial metabolic ability when glycolysis is scared, potentially resulting in more aggressive clones. To address the challenge of mitochondrial reprogramming, an antiglycolytic nanoparticle (GRPP NP) containing a novel mitochondrial-targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator (diIR780) was prepared to hijack glucose and regulate mitochondria, thus completely eliminating tumorigenic energy sources. In this process, GRPP NPs@diIR780 can catalyze endogenous glucose, leading to significantly suppressed glycolysis. Moreover, diIR780 can be released and selectively accumulated around mitochondria to generate toxic ROS. These combined effects, in turn, can hamper mitochondrial metabolism pathways, which are crucial for driving tumor progression. This synchronous intervention strategy enables utter devastation of metabolic rewiring, providing a promising regiment to eradicate tumor lesions without recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Maoquan Chu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hosptial, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhang
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hosptial, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Manyu Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hosptial, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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3
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Sun D, Sun X, Zhang X, Wu J, Shi X, Sun J, Luo C, He Z, Zhang S. Emerging Chemodynamic Nanotherapeutics for Cancer Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400809. [PMID: 38752756 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the realm of reactive oxygen species -mediated cancer therapies, exhibiting its potential as a sophisticated strategy for precise and effective tumor treatment. CDT primarily relies on metal ions and hydrogen peroxide to initiate Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, generating cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. Its notable advantages in cancer treatment are demonstrated, including tumor specificity, autonomy from external triggers, and a favorable side-effect profile. Recent advancements in nanomedicine are devoted to enhancing CDT, promising a comprehensive optimization of CDT efficacy. This review systematically elucidates cutting-edge achievements in chemodynamic nanotherapeutics, exploring strategies for enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like reactions, improved tumor microenvironment modulation, and precise regulation in energy metabolism. Moreover, a detailed analysis of diverse CDT-mediated combination therapies is provided. Finally, the review concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the prospects and intrinsic challenges to the application of chemodynamic nanotherapeutics in the domain of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shenwu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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4
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Needham D. Niclosamide: A career builder. J Control Release 2024; 369:786-856. [PMID: 37544514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
My contribution to honoring Professor Kinam Park celebrates and resonates with his scholarly career in drug delivery, his commitment to encouraging the next generation(s), and his efforts to keep us focused on clinically effective formulations. To do this I take as my example, niclosamide, a small molecule protonophore that, uniquely, can "target" all cell membranes, both plasma and organelle. As such, it acts upstream of many cell pathways and so has the potential to affect many of the essential events that a cell, and particularly a diseased cell or other entities like a virus, use to stay alive and prosper. Literature shows that it has so far been discovered to positively influence (at least): cancer, bacterial and viral infection, metabolic diseases such as Type II diabetes, NASH and NAFLD, artery constriction, endometriosis, neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, systemic sclerosis, Parkinson's, and COPD. With such a fundamental action and broad-spectrum activity, I believe that studying niclosamide in all its manifestations, discovering if and to what extent it can contribute positively to disease control (and also where it can't), formulating it as effective therapeutics, and testing them in preclinical and clinical trials is a career builder for our next generation(s). The article is divided into two parts: Part I introduces niclosamide and other proton shunts mainly in cancer and viral infections and reviews an exponentially growing literature with some concepts and physicochemical properties that lead to its proton shunt mechanism. Part II focuses on repurposing by reformulation of niclosamide. I give two examples of "carrier-free formulations", - one for cancer (as a prodrug therapeutic of niclosamide stearate for i.v. and other administration routes, exemplified by our recent work on Osteosarcoma in mice and canine patients), and the other as a niclosamide solution formulation (that could provide the basis for a preventative nasal spray and early treatment option for COVID19 and other respiratory virus infections). My goal is to excite and enthuse, encourage, and motivate all involved in the drug development and testing process in academia, institutes, and industry, to learn more about this interesting molecule and others like it. To enable such endeavors, I give many proposed ideas throughout the document, that have been stimulated and inspired by gaps in the literature, urgent needs in disease, and new studies arising from our own work. The hope is that, by reading through this document and studying the suggested topics and references, the drug delivery and development community will continue our lineage and benefit from our legacy to achieve niclosamide's potential as an effective contributor to the treatment and control of many diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Needham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Translational Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Cheng YW, Lee JH, Chang CH, Tseng TT, Chai CY, Lieu AS, Kwan AL. High PGC-1α Expression as a Poor Prognostic Indicator in Intracranial Glioma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:979. [PMID: 38790941 PMCID: PMC11117502 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Despite multidisciplinary treatment approaches, the survival rates for patients with malignant glioma have only improved marginally, and few prognostic biomarkers have been identified. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a crucial regulator of cancer metabolism, playing a vital role in cancer cell adaptation to fluctuating energy demands. In this study, the clinicopathological roles of PGC-1α in gliomas were evaluated. Employing immunohistochemistry, cell culture, siRNA transfection, cell viability assays, western blot analyses, and in vitro and in vivo invasion and migration assays, we explored the functions of PGC-1α in glioma progression. High PGC-1α expression was significantly associated with an advanced pathological stage in patients with glioma and with poorer overall survival. The downregulation of PGC-1α inhibited glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and altered the expression of oncogenic markers. These results conclusively demonstrated that PGC-1α plays a critical role in maintaining the malignant phenotype of glioma cells and indicated that targeting PGC-1α could be an effective strategy to curb glioma progression and improve patient survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 23806, USA
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6
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Kim JE, Park S, Kwak C, Lee Y, Song D, Jung JW, Lee H, Shin E, Pinanga Y, Pyo K, Lee EH, Kim W, Kim S, Jun C, Yun J, Choi S, Rhee H, Liu K, Lee JW. Glucose-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming by cholesterol export at TM4SF5-enriched mitochondria-lysosome contact sites. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:47-75. [PMID: 38133457 PMCID: PMC10794009 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) translocates subcellularly and functions metabolically, although it is unclear how intracellular TM4SF5 translocation is linked to metabolic contexts. It is thus of interests to understand how the traffic dynamics of TM4SF5 to subcellular endosomal membranes are correlated to regulatory roles of metabolisms. METHODS Here, we explored the metabolic significance of TM4SF5 localization at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites (MLCSs), using in vitro cells and in vivo animal systems, via approaches by immunofluorescence, proximity labelling based proteomics analysis, organelle reconstitution etc. RESULTS: Upon extracellular glucose repletion following depletion, TM4SF5 became enriched at MLCSs via an interaction between mitochondrial FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8) and lysosomal TM4SF5. Proximity labeling showed molecular clustering of phospho-dynamic-related protein I (DRP1) and certain mitophagy receptors at TM4SF5-enriched MLCSs, leading to mitochondrial fission and autophagy. TM4SF5 bound NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) and free cholesterol, and mediated export of lysosomal cholesterol to mitochondria, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation but intact tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and β-oxidation. In mouse models, hepatocyte Tm4sf5 promoted mitophagy and cholesterol transport to mitochondria, both with positive relations to liver malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that TM4SF5-enriched MLCSs regulate glucose catabolism by facilitating cholesterol export for mitochondrial reprogramming, presumably while hepatocellular carcinogenesis, recapitulating aspects for hepatocellular carcinoma metabolism with mitochondrial reprogramming to support biomolecule synthesis in addition to glycolytic energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - So‐Young Park
- BK21 FOUR Community‐Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Kwak
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Gangneung‐siGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Haesong Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ae Shin
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yangie Pinanga
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐hee Pyo
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Hae Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Duck Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)GwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, Dong‐A UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- Global AI Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Woo Rhee
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community‐Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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7
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Concato-Lopes VM, Silva TF, Detoni MB, Cruz EMS, Gonçalves MD, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Carloto ACM, Madureira MB, Rodrigues ACJ, Schirmann JG, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Dekker RFH, Conchon-Costa I, Panis C, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Miranda-Sapla MM, Mantovani MS, Pavanelli WR. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethoxybiphenyl-4,4'diol triggers oxidative stress, metabolic changes, and apoptosis-like process by reducing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in the NCI-H460 lung cancer cell line. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115979. [PMID: 38061138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women worldwide. Current treatments have limited efficacy, cause significant side effects, and cells can develop drug resistance. New therapeutic strategies are needed to discover alternative anticancer agents with high efficacy and low-toxicity. TMBP, a biphenyl obtained by laccase-biotransformation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, possesses antitumor activity against A549 adenocarcinoma cells. Without causing damage to sheep erythrocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. In addition to being classified as a good oral drug according to in-silico studies. This study evaluated the in-vitro cytotoxic effect of TMBP on lung-cancer cell-line NCI-H460 and reports mechanisms on immunomodulation and cell death. TMBP treatment (12.5-200 μM) inhibited cell proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h. After 24-h treatment, TMBP at IC50 (154 μM) induced various morphological and ultrastructural changes in NCI-H460, reduced migration and immunofluorescence staining of N-cadherin and β-catenin, induced increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide with reduced superoxide radical-anion, increased superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione reductase. Treatment also caused metabolic stress, reduced glucose-uptake, intracellular lactate dehydrogenase and lactate levels, mitochondrial depolarization, increased lipid droplets, and autophagic vacuoles. TMBP induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, death by apoptosis, increased caspase-3/7, and reduced STAT-3 immunofluorescence staining. The anticancer effect was accompanied by decreasing PI3K, AKT, ARG-1, and NF-κB levels, and increasing iNOS. These results suggest its potential as a candidate for use in future lung anticancer drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Marcia Concato-Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Detoni
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemical, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Madureira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Jacob Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéseka Gabriela Schirmann
- Laboratory Research of Bioactive Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Laboratory Research of Bioactive Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Federal Technological University of Paraná, Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Campus Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrao, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
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8
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Hossenipour Khodaei S, Sabetnam S, Nozad Charoudeh H, Dizaji Asl K, Rafat A, Mazloumi Z. The effect of mitochondria inhibition on natural killer cells cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176106. [PMID: 37839666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most common invasive breast cancer, depicts cancer poor response to conventional therapies. The clinical management of TNBC is a challenging issue. Natural killer (NK) cell therapy in the field of cancer treatment is rapidly growing however, regarding the immunogenicity of breast cancer cells, this type of therapy has shown limited efficacy. Recently, targeting tumor biomarkers has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy. Mitochondria affects apoptosis and innate immunity. Therefore, in this study, mitochondria were inhibited with Tigecycline in stimulating the cytotoxicity of NK cells against TNBC cell lines. MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 were cultured and treated with IC50 (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration) level of Tigecycline for 48 h and afterward co-cultured with peripheral blood NK cells for 5 h. Lastly, the inhibitory effects of mitochondria on the cytotoxicity of NK cells and apoptosis of TNBC cells were evaluated. Moreover, the expression of apoptotic-related genes was studied. The results showed that mitochondria inhibition increased NK cells cytotoxicity against TNBC cells. Moreover, NK cell/mitochondria inhibition in a combinative form improved apoptosis in TNBC cells by the upregulation of Bad and Bid expression. In conclusion, Tigecycline inhibited mitochondria and sensitized TNBC cells to NK cell therapy. Therefore, mitochondria inhibition could help NK cells function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Hossenipour Khodaei
- Department of Dentistry, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) Famagusta, North Cyprus Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Shahbaz Sabetnam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Kyrenia, Turkey; Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Temre MK, Devi B, Singh VK, Goel Y, Yadav S, Pandey SK, Kumar R, Kumar A, Singh SM. Molecular characterization of glutor-GLUT interaction and prediction of glutor's drug-likeness: implications for its utility as an antineoplastic agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11262-11273. [PMID: 36571488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2161010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence from our and other laboratories has strongly indicated that glutor, a piperazine-2-one derivative, which is a pan-GLUT inhibitor, displays a promising antineoplastic action by hampering glucose uptake owing to its ability to inhibit GLUT1 and GLUT3, which are overexpressed in neoplastic cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the inhibiting action of glutor has remained elusive. Thus, for optimal utilization of the antineoplastic potential of glutor, it is essential to decipher the precise mechanism(s) of its interaction with GLUTs. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of the binding of glutor to GLUT1 and GLUT3 in silico. This study suggests that glutor can effectively bind to GLUTs at the reported binding site. Moreover, the docking of glutor to GLUT was stabilised by several contacts between these two partners as shown by the 200 ns long molecular dynamic simulation carried out using Gromacs, indicating the formation of a stable complex. Moreover, glutor was found to possess all characteristics conducive to its drug-likeness. Hence, these observations suggest that glutor has the potential to be used in antineoplastic therapeutic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yugal Goel
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saveg Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shrish Kumar Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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10
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Wang Y, Patti GJ. The Warburg effect: a signature of mitochondrial overload. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:1014-1020. [PMID: 37117116 PMCID: PMC10600323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing question in cancer biology has been why oxygenated tumors ferment the majority of glucose they consume to lactate rather than oxidizing it in their mitochondria, a phenomenon known as the 'Warburg effect.' An abundance of evidence shows not only that most cancer cells have fully functional mitochondria but also that mitochondrial activity is important to proliferation. It is therefore difficult to rationalize the metabolic benefit of cancer cells switching from respiration to fermentation. An emerging perspective is that rather than mitochondrial metabolism being suppressed in tumors, as is often suggested, mitochondrial activity increases to the level of saturation. As such, the Warburg effect becomes a signature of excess glucose being released as lactate due to mitochondrial overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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11
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Yamashita N, Withers H, Morimoto Y, Bhattacharya A, Haratake N, Daimon T, Fushimi A, Nakashoji A, Thorner AR, Isenhart E, Rosario S, Long MD, Kufe D. MUC1-C integrates aerobic glycolysis with suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in triple-negative breast cancer stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:108168. [PMID: 37915591 PMCID: PMC10616323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the MUC1-C protein promotes lineage plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) state. The present studies performed on enriched populations of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) CSCs demonstrate that MUC1-C is essential for integrating activation of glycolytic pathway genes with self-renewal and tumorigenicity. MUC1-C further integrates the glycolytic pathway with suppression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes encoding components of mitochondrial Complexes I-V. The repression of mtDNA genes is explained by MUC1-C-mediated (i) downregulation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) required for mtDNA transcription and (ii) induction of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 (mTERF3). In support of pathogenesis that suppresses mitochondrial ROS production, targeting MUC1-C increases (i) mtDNA gene transcription, (ii) superoxide levels, and (iii) loss of self-renewal capacity. These findings and scRNA-seq analysis of CSC subpopulations indicate that MUC1-C regulates self-renewal and redox balance by integrating activation of glycolysis with suppression of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Yamashita
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Withers
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Naoki Haratake
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron R. Thorner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Isenhart
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Wang X, Ge X, Guan X, Ouyang J, Na N. Synergistically remodulating H +/Ca 2+ gradients to induce mitochondrial depolarization for enhanced synergistic cancer therapy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11532-11545. [PMID: 37886105 PMCID: PMC10599464 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The remodulation of H+/Ca2+ gradients in the mitochondria matrix could be effective to induce mitochondria depolarization for the enhancement of cancer therapy. However, it is still challenged by H+ homeostasis, insufficient Ca2+, uncoordinated regulations, and inefficient loading/delivery strategies. Herein, a supramolecular DNA nanocomplex (Ca@DNA-MF) was prepared to synergistically remodulate H+/Ca2+ gradients for mitochondrial depolarization. Upon targeted functionalization and TME-triggered delivery, multiple reagents were released in cancer cells for synergistic three-channel mitochondrial depolarization: the gene reagent of siMCT4 blocked the LA metabolism to induce mitochondrial acidification by downregulating monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4); released Ca2+ disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis to facilitate Ca2+-based mitochondrial depolarization; specifically, TME-activated glutathione (GSH) depletion facilitated efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), further enhancing the mitochondrial depolarization. The remodulation not only triggered apoptosis but also led to ferroptosis to generate abundant ROS for efficient LPO-based apoptosis, providing a synergistic strategy for enhanced synergistic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiyang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaowen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Zhuhai City Guangdong Province 519087 China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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13
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Yang X, Ma H, Zhang M, Wang R, Li X. TRIM32 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by enhancing FBP2 ubiquitination and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:165-172. [PMID: 37640002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of TRIM32, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been identified in multiple malignant cancer types. Nevertheless, the functional roles and detailed mechanisms of TRIM32 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated TRIM32 expression and its functional role in OSCC. TRIM32 expression was consistently elevated in OSCC tissues, particularly in samples from patients with advanced clinical grades. Functionally, silencing TRIM32 dampened OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. Additionally, a xenograft tumor model suggested that TRIM32 knockdown suppressed in vivo OSCC tumor growth and lung metastasis formation. Mechanistically, we discovered that TRIM32 directly bound to the FBP2 protein via mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation. TRIM32 could interact with FBP2 and accelerates its degradation, eventually enhancing glycolysis in OSCC cell lines. Importantly, rescue assays demonstrated that FBP2 silencing could at least partially offset the tumor-suppressive and aerobic glycolysis inhibition effect induced by TRIM32 knockdown. Thus, our findings demonstrate that TRIM32 plays a crucial role in promoting tumor growth and enhancing glycolysis through FBP2 inhibition. Given OSCC is associated with increased glycolysis levels, our study suggests potential therapeutic targets for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89, Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China; Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, 250399, Shandong, China.
| | - Haifeng Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89, Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89, Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Renzhong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250011, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89, Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
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14
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Ventura C, Junco M, Santiago Valtierra FX, Gooz M, Zhiwei Y, Townsend DM, Woster PM, Maldonado EN. Synergism of small molecules targeting VDAC with sorafenib, regorafenib or lenvatinib on hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation and survival. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176034. [PMID: 37652292 PMCID: PMC10586475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) in the outer mitochondrial membrane regulate the influx of metabolites that sustain mitochondrial metabolism and the efflux of ATP to the cytosol. Free tubulin and NADH close VDAC. The VDAC-binding small molecules X1 and SC18 modulate mitochondrial metabolism. X1 antagonizes the inhibitory effect of tubulin on VDAC. SC18 occupies an NADH-binding pocket in the inner wall of all VDAC isoforms. Here, we hypothesized that X1 and SC18 have a synergistic effect with sorafenib, regorafenib or lenvatinib to arrest proliferation and induce death in hepatocarcinoma cells. We used colony formation assays to determine cell proliferation, and a combination of calcein/propidium iodide, and trypan blue exclusion to assess cell death in the well differentiated Huh7 and the poorly differentiated SNU-449 cells. Synergism was assessed using the Chou-Talalay method. The inhibitory effect of X1, SC18, sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib was concentration and time dependent. IC50s calculated from the inhibition of clonogenic capacity were lower than those determined from cell survival. At IC50s that inhibited cell proliferation, SC18 arrested cells in G0/G1. SC18 at 0.25-2 IC50s had a synergistic effect with sorafenib on clonogenic inhibition in Huh7 and SNU-449 cells, and with regorafenib or lenvatinib in SNU-449 cells. X1 or SC18 also had synergistic effects with sorafenib on promoting cell death at 0.5-2 IC50s for SC18 in Huh7 and SNU-449 cells. These results suggest that small molecules targeting VDAC represent a potential new class of drugs to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ventura
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Institute for Immunological and Physiopathological Studies (IIFP), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Junco
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - F X Santiago Valtierra
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y Zhiwei
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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15
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Bishayee K, Lee SH, Park YS. The Illustration of Altered Glucose Dependency in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13928. [PMID: 37762231 PMCID: PMC10530558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A chemotherapeutic approach is crucial in malignancy management, which is often challenging due to the development of chemoresistance. Over time, chemo-resistant cancer cells rapidly repopulate and metastasize, increasing the recurrence rate in cancer patients. Targeting these destined cancer cells is more troublesome for clinicians, as they share biology and molecular cross-talks with normal cells. However, the recent insights into the metabolic profiles of chemo-resistant cancer cells surprisingly illustrated the activation of distinct pathways compared with chemo-sensitive or primary cancer cells. These distinct metabolic dynamics are vital and contribute to the shift from chemo-sensitivity to chemo-resistance in cancer. This review will discuss the important metabolic alterations in cancer cells that lead to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Bishayee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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16
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Purhonen J, Klefström J, Kallijärvi J. MYC-an emerging player in mitochondrial diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1257651. [PMID: 37731815 PMCID: PMC10507175 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1257651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a major hub of cellular metabolism and involved directly or indirectly in almost all biological processes of the cell. In mitochondrial diseases, compromised respiratory electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) lead to compensatory rewiring of metabolism with resemblance to the Warburg-like metabolic state of cancer cells. The transcription factor MYC (or c-MYC) is a major regulator of metabolic rewiring in cancer, stimulating glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and glutamine utilization, which are known or predicted to be affected also in mitochondrial diseases. Albeit not widely acknowledged thus far, several cell and mouse models of mitochondrial disease show upregulation of MYC and/or its typical transcriptional signatures. Moreover, gene expression and metabolite-level changes associated with mitochondrial integrated stress response (mt-ISR) show remarkable overlap with those of MYC overexpression. In addition to being a metabolic regulator, MYC promotes cellular proliferation and modifies the cell cycle kinetics and, especially at high expression levels, promotes replication stress and genomic instability, and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Because cell proliferation requires energy and doubling of the cellular biomass, replicating cells should be particularly sensitive to defective OXPHOS. On the other hand, OXPHOS-defective replicating cells are predicted to be especially vulnerable to high levels of MYC as it facilitates evasion of metabolic checkpoints and accelerates cell cycle progression. Indeed, a few recent studies demonstrate cell cycle defects and nuclear DNA damage in OXPHOS deficiency. Here, we give an overview of key mitochondria-dependent metabolic pathways known to be regulated by MYC, review the current literature on MYC expression in mitochondrial diseases, and speculate how its upregulation may be triggered by OXPHOS deficiency and what implications this has for the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute, FICAN South Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Jiang Y, Ma C, Hu Y, Yang Y, Ma C, Wu C, Liu L, Wen S, Moynagh PN, Wang B, Yang S. ECSIT Is a Critical Factor for Controlling Intestinal Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis through Regulating the Translation of YAP Protein. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205180. [PMID: 37409430 PMCID: PMC10477885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is the fastest renewing tissue in mammals and its regenerative process must be tightly controlled to minimize the risk of dysfunction and tumorigenesis. The orderly expression and activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) are the key steps in driving intestinal regeneration and crucial for intestinal homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain largely unknown. Here, it is discovered that evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT), a multi-functional protein, is enriched along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal cell-specific ablation of ECSIT results in the dysregulation of intestinal differentiation unexpectedly accompanied with enhanced YAP protein dependent on translation, thus transforming intestinal cells to early proliferative stem "-like" cells and augmenting intestinal tumorigenesis. Loss of ECSIT leads to metabolic reprogramming in favor of amino acid-based metabolism, which results in demethylation of genes encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F pathway and their increased expression that further promotes YAP translation initiation culminating in intestinal homeostasis imbalance and tumorigenesis. It is also shown that the expression of ECSIT is positively correlated with the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Together, these results demonstrate the important role of ECSIT in regulating YAP protein translation to control intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jiang
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Yingchao Hu
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Yongbing Yang
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Chanyuan Ma
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Paul N. Moynagh
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchDepartment of BiologyNational University of Ireland MaynoothMaynoothW23 F2H6Ireland
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNUK
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of PharmacologyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine138 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of ImmunologyState Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthJiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer MedicineGusu SchoolThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi People's HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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18
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Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. Mechanisms of alkaliptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213995. [PMID: 37601110 PMCID: PMC10436304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors represent a major threat to global health and the search for effective treatments is imperative. While various treatments exist, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combination therapies, there remains a need to develop therapies that target regulated cell death pathways to eliminate cancer cells while preserving normal cells. Alkaliptosis, a pH-dependent cell death process triggered by the small molecular compound JTC801, has been identified as a novel approach for malignant tumor treatment, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Two major signaling pathways, the NF-κB-CA9 pathway and the ATP6V0D1-STAT3 pathway, contribute to the induction of alkaliptosis. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of alkaliptosis signals, mechanisms, and modulation, and explores its context-dependent effects on drug resistance, inflammation, and immunity. By providing a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity and plasticity of cell death mechanisms, this information holds promise for informing the design of more effective anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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19
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Catalano G, Zaza A, Banella C, Pelosi E, Castelli G, de Marinis E, Smigliani A, Travaglini S, Ottone T, Divona M, Del Principe MI, Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Ammatuna E, Testa U, Nervi C, Venditti A, Voso MT, Noguera NI. MCL1 regulates AML cells metabolism via direct interaction with HK2. Metabolic signature at onset predicts overall survival in AMLs' patients. Leukemia 2023; 37:1600-1610. [PMID: 37349598 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the metabolic background in distinct Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AMLs), by comparing the metabolism of primary AML blasts isolated at diagnosis with that of normal hematopoietic maturing progenitors, using the Seahorse XF Agilent. Leukemic cells feature lower spare respiratory (SRC) and glycolytic capacities as compared to hematopoietic precursors (i.e. day 7, promyelocytes). According with Proton Leak (PL) values, AML blasts can be grouped in two well defined populations. The AML group with blasts presenting high PL or high basal OXPHOS plus high SRC levels had shorter overall survival time and significantly overexpressed myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein. We demonstrate that MCL1 directly binds to Hexokinase 2 (HK2) on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Overall, these results suggest that high PL and high SRC plus high basal OXPHOS levels at disease onset, arguably with the concourse of MCL1/HK2 action, are significantly linked with shorter overall survival time in AML. Our data describe a new function for MCL1 protein in AMLs' cells: by forming a complex with HK2, MCL1 co-localizes to VDAC on the OMM, thus inducing glycolysis and OXPHOS, ultimately conferring metabolic plasticity and promoting resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Catalano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zaza
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Banella
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ariela Smigliani
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buccisano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maurillo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nelida Ines Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Wang SF, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of mitochondrial alterations in human cancer progression and cancer immunity. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:61. [PMID: 37525297 PMCID: PMC10392014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulating cellular metabolism is one of the emerging cancer hallmarks. Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for numerous physiologic processes, such as energy production, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and calcium and redox homeostasis. Although the "Warburg effect," in which cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis even under normal oxygen circumstances, was proposed a century ago, how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer progression is still unclear. This review discusses recent progress in the alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial dynamics in cancer malignant progression. Moreover, we integrate the possible regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathways, including mitochondrion-derived molecules (reactive oxygen species, calcium, oncometabolites, and mtDNA) and mitochondrial stress response pathways (mitochondrial unfolded protein response and integrated stress response) in cancer progression and provide the possible therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on the role of mitochondria in the immune regulatory function of immune cells and reveal the impact of the tumor microenvironment and metabolism remodeling on cancer immunity. Targeting the mitochondria and metabolism might improve cancer immunotherapy. These findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling in cancer malignancy and modulating metabolism and mitochondria in cancer immunity might be promising treatment strategies for cancer patients and provide precise and personalized medicine against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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21
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Tao H, Zhong X, Zeng A, Song L. Unveiling the veil of lactate in tumor-associated macrophages: a successful strategy for immunometabolic therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208870. [PMID: 37564659 PMCID: PMC10411982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, traditionally regarded as a metabolic waste product at the terminal of the glycolysis process, has recently been found to have multifaceted functional roles in metabolism and beyond. A metabolic reprogramming phenomenon commonly seen in tumor cells, known as the "Warburg effect," sees high levels of aerobic glycolysis result in an excessive production of lactate. This lactate serves as a substrate that sustains not only the survival of cancer cells but also immune cells. However, it also inhibits the function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a group of innate immune cells ubiquitously present in solid tumors, thereby facilitating the immune evasion of malignant tumor cells. Characterized by their high plasticity, TAMs are generally divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and the pro-tumour M2 phenotype. Through a process of 'education' by lactate, TAMs tend to adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype and collaborate with tumor cells to promote angiogenesis. Additionally, there is growing evidence linking metabolic reprogramming with epigenetic modifications, suggesting the participation of histone modification in diverse cellular events within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we delve into recent discoveries concerning lactate metabolism in tumors, with a particular focus on the impact of lactate on the function of TAMs. We aim to consolidate the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate-induced TAM polarization and angiogenesis and explore the lactate-mediated crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells. Finally, we also touch upon the latest progress in immunometabolic therapies and drug delivery strategies targeting glycolysis and lactate production, offering new perspectives for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuansheng Zhong
- Clinical Medicine Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Ronco AL, Storz MA. Dietary Acid Load and Cancer Risk: A Review of the Uruguayan Experience. Nutrients 2023; 15:3098. [PMID: 37513516 PMCID: PMC10385454 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary acid load (DAL) is recognized as a risk factor for several chronic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Recent evidence suggests that an elevated DAL, as measured by the validated potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores, could also increase the risk for several cancers. This narrative review summarizes the potential role of DAL in Uruguayan cancer patients and outlines the potentially involved pathophysiological pathways that mediate the role of DAL in both cancer development and growth. Although Uruguay is a developing country, its average diet is a heavily meat-based Western one, translating into a supraphysiological acid burden from diet. In recent years, we have published epidemiologic evidence based on ten case-control studies involving 3736 cancer cases and 9534 hospital-based controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each interest variable to analyze the association between the exposure levels of DAL scores and cancer, calculated by unconditional logistic regression. In a majority of the cases, the highest DAL scores tended to double the cancer risk as compared to the lowest category. We also found high risks for methionine intake, an acidifying amino acid found in higher concentrations in animal-based foods, which may increase cancer risks at least by a joint action based on the pH and the proliferation enhancing properties of the amino acid itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Luis Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Bvard. Artigas 1590, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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23
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Zhu H, Wang X, Lu S, Ou K. Metabolic reprogramming of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195500. [PMID: 37347113 PMCID: PMC10280292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy that exhibits metabolic reprogramming as a result of genetic mutations. This reprogramming accommodates the energy and anabolic needs of the cancer cells, leading to changes in glucose, lipid, and bio-oxidative metabolism, and in some cases, the amino acid metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that ccRCC may be classified as a metabolic disease. The metabolic alterations provide potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions or biomarkers for monitoring tumor growth and prognosis. This literature review summarized recent discoveries of metabolic alterations in ccRCC, including changes in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The development of metabolic drugs targeting these metabolic pathways was also discussed, such as HIF-2α inhibitors, fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitors, glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors, and arginine depletion. Future trends in drug development are proposed, including the use of combination therapies and personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the metabolic alterations in ccRCC and highlights the potential for developing new treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shihao Lu
- Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongbo Ou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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24
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Casas-Benito A, Martínez-Herrero S, Martínez A. Succinate-Directed Approaches for Warburg Effect-Targeted Cancer Management, an Alternative to Current Treatments? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2862. [PMID: 37345199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately a century ago, Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells use a fermentative rather than oxidative metabolism even though the former is more inefficient in terms of energy production per molecule of glucose. Cancer cells increase the use of this fermentative metabolism even in the presence of oxygen, and this process is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. This alternative metabolism is mainly characterized by higher glycolytic rates, which allow cancer cells to obtain higher amounts of total ATP, and the production of lactate, but there are also an activation of protumoral signaling pathways and the generation of molecules that favor cancer progression. One of these molecules is succinate, a Krebs cycle intermediate whose concentration is increased in cancer and which is considered an oncometabolite. Several protumoral actions have been associated to succinate and its role in several cancer types has been already described. Despite playing a major role in metabolism and cancer, so far, the potential of succinate as a target in cancer prevention and treatment has remained mostly unexplored, as most previous Warburg-directed anticancer strategies have focused on other intermediates. In this review, we aim to summarize succinate's protumoral functions and discuss the use of succinate expression regulators as a potential cancer therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Casas-Benito
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Herrero
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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25
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Zhang Q, Duan H, Yang W, Liu H, Tao X, Zhang Y. Circ_0005615 restrains the progression of multiple myeloma through modulating miR-331-3p and IGF1R regulatory cascade. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:356. [PMID: 37173768 PMCID: PMC10176712 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs are implicated in modulating the progression of various malignant tumors. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of circ_0005615 in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear. METHODS The expression levels of circ_0005615, miR-331-3p and IGF1R were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot assay. Cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were performed for cell proliferation detection. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot assay. Glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP/ADP ratios were estimated to disclose cell glycolysis. The interaction relationship among miR-331-3p and circ_0005615 or IGF1R was proved by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The abundance of circ_0005615 and IGF1R was increased in MM patients and cells, while the expression of miR-331-3p was decreased. Circ_0005615 inhibition retarded the proliferation and cell cycle progression, while reinforced the apoptosis of MM cells. Molecularly, circ_0005615 could sponge miR-331-3p, and the repressive trends of circ_0005615 deficiency on MM progression could be alleviated by anti-miR-331-3p introduction. Additionally, IGF1R was validated to be targeted by miR-331-3p, and IGF1R overexpression mitigated the suppressive function of miR-331-3p on MM development. Furthermore, IGF1R was mediated by circ_0005615/miR-331-3p axis in MM cells. CONCLUSION Circ_0005615 downregulation blocked MM development by targeting miR-331-3p/IGF1R axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hui Duan
- Center for Local Diseases and Chronic Diseases, Dongsheng District Center for Disease Control and Preventio, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wupeng Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ordos Central Hospital, No. 23, Yijinhuoluoxi Street, Dongsheng District, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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26
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Yu Y, Li J, Ren K. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases as emerging targets in cancer therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196226. [PMID: 37250903 PMCID: PMC10217351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is commonly accompanied by alterations in the expression of metabolic enzymes. These metabolic enzymes not only catalyze the intracellular metabolic reaction, but also participate in a series of molecular events to regulate tumor initiation and development. Thus, these enzymes may act as promising therapeutic targets for tumor management. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (PCKs) are the key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, which mediates the conversion of oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate. Two isoforms of PCK, namely cytosolic PCK1 and mitochondrial PCK2, has been found. PCK not only participates in the metabolic adaptation, but also regulates immune response and signaling pathways for tumor progression. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of PCKs expression including transcription and post-translational modification. We also summarized the function of PCKs in tumor progression in different cellular contexts and explores its role in developing promising therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaiming Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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27
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Zhang H, Liu R, Wan P, You X, Li S, Liu Z, Wang Y, Han F, Hao J, Li Y. Targeting tumor energy metabolism via simultaneous inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis using biodegradable hydroxyapatite nanorods. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113330. [PMID: 37141772 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells obtain energy supply from the unique metabolic pathways of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, which can be used interchangeably to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for survival. To simultaneously block the two metabolic pathways and sharply cut off ATP supply, a multifunctional "nanoenabled energy interrupter" (called as HNHA-GC) was prepared by attaching glucose oxidase (GOx), hyaluronic acid (HA), and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (CPT) on the surface of degradable hydroxyapatite (NHA) nanorods. After targeted delivery of HNHA-GC to the tumor site by HA, the tumor-selective acid degradation of HNHA-GC as well as the subsequent deliveries of Ca2+, drug CPT, and GOx take place. The released Ca2+ and CPT induce mitochondrial dysfunction by Ca2+ overload and chemotherapy respectively, while the GOx-triggered glucose oxidation inhibits glycolysis by starvation therapy (exogenous effect). The generated H2O2 and released CPT increase the intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) level. Moreover, the generated H+ and enhanced ROS promote Ca2+ overload by accelerating the degradation of HNHA-GC and preventing intracellular Ca2+ efflux, respectively (endogenous effect). As a result, the HNHA-GC displays a promising therapeutic modality for simultaneously cutting off mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production through a combination of Ca2+ overload, chemotherapy, and starvation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruihan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuelin You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Fang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juanyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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28
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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29
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Dong S, Dong Y, Zhao Z, Liu J, Liu S, Feng L, He F, Gai S, Xie Y, Yang P. "Electron Transport Chain Interference" Strategy of Amplified Mild-Photothermal Therapy and Defect-Engineered Multi-Enzymatic Activities for Synergistic Tumor-Personalized Suppression. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9488-9507. [PMID: 36998235 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Arming activatable mild-photothermal therapy (PTT) with the property of relieving tumor thermotolerance holds great promise for overcoming traditional mild PTT limitations such as thermoresistance, insufficient therapeutic effect, and off-target heating. Herein, a mitochondria-targeting, defect-engineered AFCT nanozyme with enhanced multi-enzymatic activity was elaborately designed as a tumor microenvironment (TME)-activatable phototheranostic agent to achieve remarkable anti-tumor therapy via "electron transport chain (ETC) interference and synergistic adjuvant therapy". Density functional theory calculations revealed that the synergistic effect among multi-enzyme active centers endows the AFCT nanozymes with excellent catalytic activity. In TME, open sources of H2O2 can be achieved by superoxide dismutase-mimicking AFCT nanozymes. In response to the dual stimuli of H2O2 and mild acidity, the peroxidase-mimicking activity of AFCT nanozymes not only catalyzes the accumulation of H2O2 to generate ·OH but also converts the loaded 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) into its oxidized form with strong near-infrared absorption, specifically unlocking its photothermal and photoacoustic imaging properties. Intriguingly, the undesired thermoresistance of tumor cells can be greatly alleviated owing to the reduced expression of heat shock proteins enabled by NADH POD-mimicking AFCT-mediated NADH depletion and consequent restriction of ATP supply. Meanwhile, the accumulated ·OH can facilitate both apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, resulting in synergistic therapeutic outcomes in combination with TME-activated mild PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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30
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Liu Y, Jiang C, Liu Q, Huang R, Wang M, Guo X. CircRNAs: emerging factors for regulating glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03131-7. [PMID: 36944731 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a malignant disease with a high incidence and low survival rate, and the effectiveness of traditional treatments, such as surgery and radiotherapy, is very limited. CircRNAs, a kind of stable endogenous circular RNA, generally function by sponging miRNAs and binding or translating proteins. CircRNAs have been identified to play an important role in regulating the proliferation and metabolism of CRC. In recent years, many reports have indicated that by regulating the expression of glycolysis-related proteins, such as GLUT1 and HK2, or directly translating proteins, circRNAs can promote the Warburg effect in cancer cells, thereby driving CRC metabolism. Moreover, the Warburg effect increases lactate production in cancer cells and promotes acidification of the TME, which further drives cancer progression. In this review, we summarized the remarkable role of circRNAs in regulating glucose metabolism in CRC in recent years, which might be useful for finding new targets for the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjun Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Runchun Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Mancai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
- General Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
- General Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Counteracting Colon Cancer by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis with a Selective PKCδ Activator. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065710. [PMID: 36982784 PMCID: PMC10054007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a central hub in tumor development and progression. Therefore, several efforts have been developed to find improved therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell metabolism. Recently, we identified the 7α-acetoxy-6β-benzoyloxy-12-O-benzoylroyleanone (Roy-Bz) as a PKCδ-selective activator with potent anti-proliferative activity in colon cancer by stimulating a PKCδ-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Herein, we investigated whether the antitumor activity of Roy-Bz, in colon cancer, could be related to glucose metabolism interference. The results showed that Roy-Bz decreased the mitochondrial respiration in human colon HCT116 cancer cells, by reducing electron transfer chain complexes I/III. Consistently, this effect was associated with downregulation of the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog (TOM20), and upregulation of synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2). Roy-Bz also dropped glycolysis, decreasing the expression of critical glycolytic markers directly implicated in glucose metabolism such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), and increasing TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) protein levels. These results were further corroborated in tumor xenografts of colon cancer. Altogether, using a PKCδ-selective activator, this work evidenced a potential dual role of PKCδ in tumor cell metabolism, resulting from the inhibition of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Additionally, it reinforces the antitumor therapeutic potential of Roy-Bz in colon cancer by targeting glucose metabolism.
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Israël M, Berg E, Tenenbaum G. Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041589. [PMID: 36836124 PMCID: PMC9960359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In tumor cells, ketolysis "via" succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid-CoAtransferase (SCOT) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a major source of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. Active ACAT1 tetramers stabilize by tyrosine phosphorylation, which facilitates the SCOT reaction and ketolysis. Tyrosine phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase PK M2 has the opposite effect, stabilizing inactive dimers, while pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is already inhibited by phosphorylation, is acetylated by ACAT1 and is doubly locked. This closes the glycolytic supply of acetyl-CoA. In addition, since tumor cells must synthesize fatty acids to create new membranes, they automatically turn off the degradation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA ("via" the malonyl-CoA brake for the fatty acid carnityl transporter). Thus, inhibiting SCOT the specific ketolytic enzyme and ACAT1 should hold back tumor progression. However, tumor cells are still able to take up external acetate and convert it into acetyl-CoA in their cytosol "via" an acetyl-CoA synthetase, which feeds the lipogenic pathway; additionally, inhibiting this enzyme would make it difficult for tumor cells to form new lipid membrane and survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Israël
- Institut Alfred Fessard, CNRS, 2 Av. Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Berg
- Independent Researcher, 4501 Ford Ave., Alexandria, VA 22302, USA
| | - Guy Tenenbaum
- Independent Researcher, 5558 E Leitner Drive, Coral Springs, FL 33067, USA
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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Tamraz M, Al Ghossaini N, Temraz S. The Ketogenic Diet in Colorectal Cancer: A Means to an End. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043683. [PMID: 36835094 PMCID: PMC9965563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some diets, such as high lipid and high glucose diets, are known to increase the risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, little is known about diets that prevent colonic carcinogenesis. The ketogenic diet, which is characterized by high fat and very low carbohydrate content, is one such diet. The ketogenic diet decreases the amount of available glucose for tumors and shifts to the production of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source for healthy cells. Cancer cells are unable to use the ketone bodies for energy thus depriving them of the energy needed for progression and survival. Many studies reported the beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet in several types of cancers. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate has been found to possess anti-tumor potential in colorectal cancer. Despite its beneficial effects, the ketogenic diet also has some drawbacks, some of which are related to gastrointestinal disorders and weight loss. Thus, studies are being directed at this time towards finding alternatives to following a strict ketogenic diet and supplementing patients with the ketone bodies responsible for its beneficial effects in the hope of overcoming some potential setbacks. This article discusses the mechanism by which a ketogenic diet influences growth and proliferation of tumor cells, it sheds the light on the most recent trials regarding its use as an adjunctive measure to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and it explains the limitations of its usage in metastatic patients and the promising role of exogenous ketone supplementation in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magie Tamraz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Najib Al Ghossaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Wazein Medical Village, Chouf 5841, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-1-374374
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Ren R, Horton JR, Chen Q, Yang J, Liu B, Huang Y, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Structural basis for transcription factor ZBTB7A recognition of DNA and effects of ZBTB7A somatic mutations that occur in human acute myeloid leukemia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102885. [PMID: 36626981 PMCID: PMC9932118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ZBTB7A belongs to a small family of transcription factors having three members in humans (7A, 7B, and 7C). They share a BTB/POZ protein interaction domain at the amino end and a zinc-finger DNA-binding domain at the carboxyl end. They control the transcription of a wide range of genes, having varied functions in hematopoiesis, oncogenesis, and metabolism (in particular glycolysis). ZBTB7A-binding profiles at gene promoters contain a consensus G(a/c)CCC motif, followed by a CCCC sequence in some instances. Structural and mutational investigations suggest that DNA-specific contacts with the four-finger tandem array of ZBTB7A are formed sequentially, initiated from ZF1-ZF2 binding to G(a/c)CCC before spreading to ZF3-ZF4, which bind the DNA backbone and the 3' CCCC sequence, respectively. Here, we studied some mutations found in t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukemia patients that occur within the ZBTB7A DNA-binding domain. We determined that these mutations generally impair ZBTB7A DNA binding, with the most severe disruptions resulting from mutations in ZF1 and ZF2, and the least from a frameshift mutation in ZF3 that results in partial mislocalization. Information provided here on ZBTB7A-DNA interactions is likely applicable to ZBTB7B/C, which have overlapping functions with ZBTB7A in controlling primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ren
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Chelakkot C, Chelakkot VS, Shin Y, Song K. Modulating Glycolysis to Improve Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2606. [PMID: 36768924 PMCID: PMC9916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and switch to a 'glycolysis-dominant' metabolic profile to promote their survival and meet their requirements for energy and macromolecules. This phenomenon, also known as the 'Warburg effect,' provides a survival advantage to the cancer cells and make the tumor environment more pro-cancerous. Additionally, the increased glycolytic dependence also promotes chemo/radio resistance. A similar switch to a glycolytic metabolic profile is also shown by the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing a competition between the cancer cells and the tumor-infiltrating cells over nutrients. Several recent studies have shown that targeting the enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells is a promising strategy to make them more susceptible to treatment with other conventional treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Although several targeting strategies have been developed and several of them are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical evaluation, there is still a lack of effective strategies to specifically target cancer cell glycolysis to improve treatment efficacy. Herein, we have reviewed our current understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and how targeting this phenomenon could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Youngkee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01366, Republic of Korea
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Martins Pinto M, Paumard P, Bouchez C, Ransac S, Duvezin-Caubet S, Mazat JP, Rigoulet M, Devin A. The Warburg effect and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: Friends or foes? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148931. [PMID: 36367492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display an altered energy metabolism, which was proposed to be the root of cancer. This early discovery was done by O. Warburg who conducted one of the first studies of tumor cell energy metabolism. Taking advantage of cancer cells that exhibited various growth rates, he showed that cancer cells display a decreased respiration and an increased glycolysis proportional to the increase in their growth rate, suggesting that they mainly depend on fermentative metabolism for ATP generation. Warburg's results and hypothesis generated controversies that are persistent to this day. It is thus of great importance to understand the mechanisms by which cancer cells can reversibly regulate the two pathways of their energy metabolism as well as the functioning of this metabolism in cell proliferation. In this review, we discuss of the origin of the decrease in cell respiratory rate, whether the Warburg effect is mandatory for an increased cell proliferation rate, the consequences of this effect on two major players of cell energy metabolism that are ATP and NADH, and the role of the microenvironment in the regulation of cellular respiration and metabolism both in cancer cell and in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martins Pinto
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CBMN, Allée de Geoffroy St Hilaire Bât, B1433600 Pessac, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Paumard
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Bouchez
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ransac
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Duvezin-Caubet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - J P Mazat
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M Rigoulet
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Devin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Sharma N, Mallela AN, Shi DD, Tang LW, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Gersey ZC, Zhang X, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in gliomas: A review of current understanding and trials. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad053. [PMID: 37287696 PMCID: PMC10243983 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key enzyme in normal metabolism and homeostasis. However, mutant forms of IDH are also defining features of a subset of diffuse gliomas. In this review, we highlight current techniques targeting IDH-mutated gliomas and summarize current and completed clinical trials exploring these strategies. We discuss clinical data from peptide vaccines, mutant IDH (mIDH) inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors. Peptide vaccines have the unique advantage of targeting the specific epitope of a patient's tumor, inducing a highly tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell response. mIDH-inhibitors, on the other hand, specifically target mutant IDH proteins in cancer cell metabolism and thus help halt gliomagenesis. We also explore PARP inhibitors and their role in treating diffuse gliomas, which exploit IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas by allowing the persistence of unrepaired DNA complexes. We summarize various completed and current trials targeting IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in diffuse gliomas. Therapies targeting mutant IDH have significant promise in treating progressive or recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas and may significantly change treatment paradigms in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arka N Mallela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana D Shi
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lilly W Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary C Gersey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gao Y, Gong Y, Liu Y, Xue Y, Zheng K, Guo Y, Hao L, Peng Q, Shi X. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2215 cells after YAP1 knockdown. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151987. [PMID: 36473310 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) plays a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inhibition of YAP1 expression suppresses HCC progression, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we studied the effects and molecular mechanisms of YAP1 knockdown on the growth and metabolism in human HCC HepG2215 cells. Inhibition of YAP1 expression inhibits the proliferation and metastasis in HepG2215 cells, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites were identified in shYAP1-HepG2215 cells. Further, 805 DEGs, mainly associated with metabolism and particularly lipid metabolism, were identified by transcriptome sequencing analyses in shYAP1-HepG2215 cells. YAP1 knockdown increased albumin (ALB) levels by Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses in HepG2215 cells. Metabolomic profiling identified 37 metabolites with significant differences in the shYAP1 group, and amino acid metabolism generally decreased in the shYAP1 group. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a central role after YAP1 knockdown in HepG2215 cells. Therefore, YAP1 knockdown inhibited HCC growth, which affected the metabolism of lipids and amino acids by regulating the expression of ALB and ABC transporters in HepG2215 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Kangning Zheng
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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Rai Y, Singh S, Pandey S, Sah D, Sah RK, Roy BG, Dwarakanath BS, Bhatt AN. Mitochondrial uncoupler DNP induces coexistence of dual-state hyper-energy metabolism leading to tumor growth advantage in human glioma xenografts. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063531. [PMID: 36591481 PMCID: PMC9800826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer bioenergetics is an essential hallmark of neoplastic transformation. Warburg postulated that mitochondrial OXPHOS is impaired in cancer cells, leading to aerobic glycolysis as the primary metabolic pathway. However, mitochondrial function is altered but not entirely compromised in most malignancies, and that mitochondrial uncoupling is known to increase the carcinogenic potential and modifies treatment response by altering metabolic reprogramming. Our earlier study showed that transient DNP exposure increases glycolysis in human glioma cells (BMG-1). The current study investigated the persistent effect of DNP on the energy metabolism of BMG-1 cells and its influence on tumor progression in glioma xenografts. Methods BMG-1 cells were treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in-vitro, to establish the OXPHOS-modified (OPM-BMG) cells. Further cellular metabolic characterization was carried out in both in-vitro cellular model and in-vivo tumor xenografts to dissect the role of metabolic adaptation in these cells and compared them with their parental phenotype. Results and Discussion Chronic exposure to DNP in BMG-1 cells resulted in dual-state hyper-energy metabolism with elevated glycolysis++ and OXPHOS++ compared to parental BMG-1 cells with low glycolysis+ and OXPHOS+. Tumor xenograft of OPM-BMG cells showed relatively increased tumor-forming potential and accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, compared to BMG-1, OPM-BMG tumor-derived cells also showed enhanced migration and invasion potential. Although mitochondrial uncouplers are proposed as a valuable anti-cancer strategy; however, our findings reveal that prolonged exposure to uncouplers provides tumor growth advantage over the existing glioma phenotype that may lead to poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Rai
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Dhananjay Sah
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sah
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - B. G. Roy
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India,Indian Academy Degree College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Anant Narayan Bhatt, ;
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Ursolic Acid Analogs as Potential Therapeutics for Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248981. [PMID: 36558113 PMCID: PMC9785537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from a large variety of vegetables, fruits and many traditional medicinal plants. It is a structural isomer of Oleanolic Acid. The medicinal application of UA has been explored extensively over the last two decades. The diverse pharmacological properties of UA include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, etc. Especially, UA holds a promising position, potentially, as a cancer preventive and therapeutic agent due to its relatively non-toxic properties against normal cells but its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells. Cell culture studies have shown interference of UA with multiple pharmacological and molecular targets that play a critical role in many cells signaling pathways. Although UA is considered a privileged natural product, its clinical applications are limited due to its low absorption through the gastro-intestinal track and rapid elimination. The low bioavailability of UA limits its use as a therapeutic drug. To overcome these drawbacks and utilize the importance of the scaffold, many researchers have been engaged in designing and developing synthetic analogs of UA via structural modifications. This present review summarizes the synthetic UA analogs and their cytotoxic antiproliferative properties reported in the last two decades.
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Gotorbe C, Durivault J, Meira W, Cassim S, Ždralević M, Pouysségur J, Vučetić M. Metabolic Rewiring toward Oxidative Phosphorylation Disrupts Intrinsic Resistance to Ferroptosis of the Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122412. [PMID: 36552620 PMCID: PMC9774558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been reported as one of the major targets for ferroptosis induction, due to its pivotal role in lipid hydroperoxide removal. However, recent studies pointed toward alternative antioxidant systems in this context, such as the Coenzyme Q-FSP1 pathway. To investigate how effective these alternative pathways are in different cellular contexts, we used human colon adenocarcinoma (CRC) cells, highly resistant to GPX4 inhibition. Data obtained in the study showed that simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of GPX4 and FSP1 strongly compromised the survival of the CRC cells, which was prevented by the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. Nonetheless, this could not be phenocopied by genetic deletion of FSP1, suggesting the development of resistance to ferroptosis in FSP1-KO CRC cells. Considering that CRC cells are highly glycolytic, we used CRC Warburg-incompetent cells, to investigate the role metabolism plays in this phenomenon. Indeed, the sensitivity to inhibition of both anti-ferroptotic axes (GPx4 and FSP1) was fully revealed in these cells, showing typical features of ferroptosis. Collectively, data indicate that two independent anti-ferroptotic pathways (GPX4-GSH and CoQ10-FSP1) operate within the overall physiological context of cancer cells and in some instances, their inhibition should be coupled with other metabolic modulators, such as inhibitors of glycolysis/Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gotorbe
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jérôme Durivault
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Willian Meira
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, 06100 Nice, France
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco, Monaco
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (M.V.)
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Lin J, Nong D, Wang W, Guo X, Li C, Li B, Wang H, Chen Z, Li X, Huang G, Li W. High expression of TTC21A predicts unfavorable prognosis and immune infiltrates in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:967378. [PMID: 36406111 PMCID: PMC9669380 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological type of renal cell carcinoma. Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 21A (TTC21A), known as a component of intraflagellar transport complex A which is essential for the function of cilia, However, the role of TTC21A remains unclear in ccRCC. For the first time, we explore the role and potential mechanism of TTC21A in ccRCC based on multiple databases. Methods: TTC21A expression across all TCGA tumor was analyzed via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. The correlation between TTC21A and clinicopathologic characteristics of ccRCC was analyzed with TCGA database. The diagnostic and prognostic value of TTC21A was evaluated by receiver operation characteristic curve, Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox regression respectively. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis of TTC21A and the co-expression genes were performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The correlation of TTC21A and immune infiltration were evaluated by single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Results: Pan-cancer analysis indicated that TTC21A was highly expressed in ccRCC and other cancer. In addition, elevated expression of TTC21A was associated with worse overall survival in ccRCC patients. Functional enrichment analysis showed that TTC21A and the co-expressed genes enriched in glucose metabolism and energy metabolism. Moreover, TTC21A expression was associated with infiltrating levels of dendritic cell, nature killer cell and other immune marker sets. Conclusion: The results of analysis indicate that expression of TTC21A is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltrating in ccRCC, which suggested TTC21A might be used as a potential predictor and target of treatment in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - DeYong Nong
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - ChunLin Li
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - BingCai Li
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Haojian Wang
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - XiMing Li
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - GuiHai Huang
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li,
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Temre MK, Kumar A, Singh SM. An appraisal of the current status of inhibition of glucose transporters as an emerging antineoplastic approach: Promising potential of new pan-GLUT inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035510. [PMID: 36386187 PMCID: PMC9663470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells displayed altered metabolism with accelerated glycolysis. Therefore, these cells need a mammoth supply of glucose for which they display an upregulated expression of various glucose transporters (GLUT). Thus, novel antineoplastic strategies focus on inhibiting GLUT to intersect the glycolytic lifeline of cancer cells. This review focuses on the current status of various GLUT inhibition scenarios. The GLUT inhibitors belong to both natural and synthetic small inhibitory molecules category. As neoplastic cells express multiple GLUT isoforms, it is necessary to use pan-GLUT inhibitors. Nevertheless, it is also necessary that such pan-GLUT inhibitors exert their action at a low concentration so that normal healthy cells are left unharmed and minimal injury is caused to the other vital organs and systems of the body. Moreover, approaches are also emerging from combining GLUT inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents to potentiate the antineoplastic action. A new pan-GLUT inhibitor named glutor, a piperazine-one derivative, has shown a potent antineoplastic action owing to its inhibitory action exerted at nanomolar concentrations. The review discusses the merits and limitations of the existing GLUT inhibitory approach with possible future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Deparment of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Patel PS, Castelow C, Patel DS, Bhattacharya SK, Kuscu C, Kuscu C, Makowski L, Eason JD, Bajwa A. Mitochondrial Role in Oncogenesis and Potential Chemotherapeutic Strategy of Mitochondrial Infusion in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12993. [PMID: 36361782 PMCID: PMC9658440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers diagnosed amongst women with a high rate of treatment failure and a poor prognosis. Mitochondria have been found to be key players in oncogenesis and tumor progression by mechanisms such as altered metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and evasion of apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondrial infusion is an area of interest for cancer treatment. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate mitochondrial-mediated reduction in glycolysis, enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reduction in proliferation, and an enhancement of apoptosis as effective anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on mitochondrial dysregulation and infusion in malignancies, such as TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisha S. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Christopher Castelow
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Disha S. Patel
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies and Global Education, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Syamal K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Canan Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - James D. Eason
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Energy-Stress-Mediated AMPK Activation Promotes GPX4-Dependent Ferroptosis through the JAK2/STAT3/P53 Axis in Renal Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2353115. [PMID: 36246395 PMCID: PMC9554664 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2353115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Energy stress is an unfavorable condition that tumor cells are often exposed to. Ferroptosis is considered an emerging target for tumor therapy. However, the role of ferroptosis in energy stress in renal cancer is currently unknown. In this study, we found that glucose deprivation significantly enhanced GPX4-dependent ferroptosis through AMPK activation. Further, AMPK activation suppressed GPX4 expression at the transcriptional level through the upregulation of P53 expression. Additionally, the inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 transcriptionally promoted P53 expression, thereby promoting AMPK-mediated GPX4-dependent ferroptosis. In conclusion, energy stress promotes AMPK-mediated GPX4-dependent erastin-induced ferroptosis in renal cancer through the JAK2/STAT3/P53 signaling axis.
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Jacquet P, Stéphanou A. Searching for the Metabolic Signature of Cancer: A Review from Warburg's Time to Now. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101412. [PMID: 36291621 PMCID: PMC9599674 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the evolving understanding that we have of tumor cell metabolism, particularly glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, and traces back its evolution through time. This understanding has developed since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, but the understanding of tumor cell metabolism continues to be hampered by misinterpretation of his work. This has contributed to the use of the new concepts of metabolic switch and metabolic reprogramming, that are out of step with reality. The Warburg effect is often considered to be a hallmark of cancer, but is it really? More generally, is there a metabolic signature of cancer? We draw the conclusion that the signature of cancer cannot be reduced to a single factor, but is expressed at the tissue level in terms of the capacity of cells to dynamically explore a vast metabolic landscape in the context of significant environmental heterogeneities.
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Cherry ABC, Gherardin NA, Sikder HI. Intracellular radar: Understanding γδ T cell immune surveillance and implications for clinical strategies in oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1011081. [PMID: 36212425 PMCID: PMC9539555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in anticancer immunity, with responses mediated through a diversity of αβ or γδ T cell receptors. Although αβ and γδ T cells stem from common thymic precursors, the development and subsequent biological roles of these two subsets differ considerably. γδ T cells are an unconventional T cell subset, uniquely poised between the adaptive and innate immune systems, that possess the ability to recognize intracellular disturbances and non-peptide-based antigens to eliminate tumors. These distinctive features of γδ T cells have led to recent interest in developing γδ-inspired therapies for treating cancer patients. In this minireview, we explore the biology of γδ T cells, including how the γδ T cell immune surveillance system can detect intracellular disturbances, and propose a framework to understand the γδ T cell-inspired therapeutic strategies entering the clinic today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. C. Cherry
- Axiom Healthcare Strategies, Princeton, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Anne B. C. Cherry,
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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An Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Investigation Reveals Alterations in the N-Glycoproteomic Network Induced by 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158251. [PMID: 35897829 PMCID: PMC9331968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a well-known glycolysis inhibitor for anticancer treatment, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) inhibits the growth and survival of cancer cells by interfering with the ATP produced by the metabolism of D-glucose. In addition, 2DG inhibits protein glycosylation in vivo by competing with D-mannose, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses in cancer cells. However, the molecular details underlying the impact of 2DG on protein glycosylation remain largely elusive. With an integrated approach to glycoproteomics and proteomics, we characterized the 2DG-induced alterations in N-glycosylation, as well as the cascading impacts on the whole proteome using the HT29 colorectal cancer cell line as a model system. More than 1700 site-specific glycoforms, represented by unique intact glycopeptides (IGPs), were identified. The treatment of 2DG had a broad effect on the N-glycoproteome, especially the high-mannose types. The glycosite occupancy of the high-mannose N-glycans decreased the most compared with the sialic acid and fucose-containing N-glycans. Many of the proteins with down-regulated high-mannose were implicated in functional networks related to response to topologically incorrect protein, integrin-mediated signaling, lysosomal transport, protein hydroxylation, vacuole, and protein N-glycosylation. The treatment of 2DG also functionally disrupted the global cellular proteome, evidenced by significant up-regulation of the proteins implicated in protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and translational termination. Taken together, these findings reveal the complex changes in protein glycosylation and expression underlying the various effects of 2DG on cancer cells, and may provide insightful clues to inform therapeutic development targeting protein glycosylation.
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50
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Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Srivastava TP, Talukdar J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Dhar R, Karmakar S. The metabolic addiction of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:955892. [PMID: 35957877 PMCID: PMC9357939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the minor population of cancer originating cells that have the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity (when transplanted into an immunocompromised animal). These low-copy number cell populations are believed to be resistant to conventional chemo and radiotherapy. It was reported that metabolic adaptation of these elusive cell populations is to a large extent responsible for their survival and distant metastasis. Warburg effect is a hallmark of most cancer in which the cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose anaerobically, even under normoxic conditions. Warburg's aerobic glycolysis produces ATP efficiently promoting cell proliferation by reprogramming metabolism to increase glucose uptake and stimulating lactate production. This metabolic adaptation also seems to contribute to chemoresistance and immune evasion, a prerequisite for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Though we know a lot about metabolic fine-tuning in cancer, what is still in shadow is the identity of upstream regulators that orchestrates this process. Epigenetic modification of key metabolic enzymes seems to play a decisive role in this. By altering the metabolic flux, cancer cells polarize the biochemical reactions to selectively generate "onco-metabolites" that provide an added advantage for cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we explored the metabolic-epigenetic circuity in relation to cancer growth and proliferation and establish the fact how cancer cells may be addicted to specific metabolic pathways to meet their needs. Interestingly, even the immune system is re-calibrated to adapt to this altered scenario. Knowing the details is crucial for selective targeting of cancer stem cells by choking the rate-limiting stems and crucial branch points, preventing the formation of onco-metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Computers and communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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