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Lachance-Brais C, Yao C, Reyes-Valenzuela A, Asohan J, Guettler E, Sleiman HF. Exceptional Nuclease Resistance of DNA and RNA with the Addition of Small-Molecule Nucleobase Mimics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5811-5822. [PMID: 38387071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nucleases present a formidable barrier to the application of nucleic acids in biology, significantly reducing the lifetime of nucleic acid-based drugs. Here, we develop a novel methodology to protect DNA and RNA from nucleases by reconfiguring their supramolecular structure through the addition of a nucleobase mimic, cyanuric acid. In the presence of cyanuric acid, polyadenine strands assemble into triple helical fibers known as the polyA/CA motif. We report that this motif is exceptionally resistant to nucleases, with the constituent strands surviving for up to 1 month in the presence of serum. The conferred stability extends to adjacent non-polyA sequences, albeit with diminishing returns relative to their polyA sections due to hypothesized steric clashes. We introduce a strategy to regenerate stability through the introduction of free polyA strands or positively charged amino side chains, enhancing the stability of sequences of varied lengths. The proposed protection mechanism involves enzyme failure to recognize the unnatural polyA/CA motif, coupled with the motif's propensity to form long, bundling supramolecular fibers. The methodology provides a fundamentally new mechanism to protect nucleic acids from degradation using a supramolecular approach and increases lifetime in serum to days, weeks, or months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chihyu Yao
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | | | - Jathavan Asohan
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Guettler
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A0B8, Canada
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2
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Liao S, Wu G, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. pH regulators and their inhibitors in tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116170. [PMID: 38308950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of tumor, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to immune escape, invasion, migration and drug resistance of tumor. The acidity of the TME mainly comes from the acidic products produced by the high level of tumor metabolism, such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide. pH regulators such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (NHE1) expel protons directly or indirectly from the tumor to maintain the pH balance of tumor cells and create an acidic TME. We review the functions of several pH regulators involved in the construction of acidic TME, the structure and structure-activity relationship of pH regulator inhibitors, and provide strategies for the development of small-molecule antitumor inhibitors based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyi Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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3
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Antoniraj MG, Dhayanandamoorthy Y, Ponnuchamy K, Kandasamy R, Pandima Devi K. Study the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded redox-responsive chitosan-derived nanoparticles in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109049. [PMID: 38346357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the design and evaluation of redox-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) by synthesizing disulfide-containing N-phthaloyl chitosan-SS-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (NPC-SS-mPEG) and incorporating the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin into the NPs. The structural features of NPC-SS-mPEG were investigated using FTIR, NMR, XRD, and TGA/DTA analysis. DLS and TEM analysis confirmed the particle size and morphology of the NPs. The stability of the NPs was measured with the presence and absence of glutathione (GSH) in buffers pH 5 and 7.4. Furthermore, the release of DOX from the NPs was studied in GSH (10 mM) containing/absent medium at pH 5 and pH 7.4 which mimics the intracellular environment with redox potential. The results indicated a significantly increased release of DOX in the GSH containing medium pH 5 (82.9 ± 2.1 %) and pH 7.4 (67.37 ± 0.88 %) compared to the GSH free pH 7.4 (29.99 ± 1.01 %) and pH 5 medium (56.56 ± 1.7 %) at 60 h. The cytotoxicity study in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by MTT assay indicated higher toxicity of redox-responsive NPs to cancer cells than free DOX. In concurrence with the cytotoxicity assay, in-vitro fluorescence staining assays (AO/EB, Hoechst, ROS generation) also confirmed that NPs loaded with DOX induce higher toxicity to cancer cells than free DOX. Taken together, the overall results confirmed the superiority of the redox response-mediated release of DOX in effectively controlling cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gover Antoniraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Yamini Dhayanandamoorthy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sun Z, Ren Y, Zhu W, Xiao Y, Wu H. DNA nanotechnology-based nucleic acid delivery systems for bioimaging and disease treatment. Analyst 2024; 149:599-613. [PMID: 38221846 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01871g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, have been considered as powerful and functional biomaterials owing to their programmable structure, good biocompatibility, and ease of synthesis. However, traditional nucleic acid-based probes have always suffered from inherent limitations, including restricted cell internalization efficiency and structural instability. In recent years, DNA nanotechnology has shown great promise for the applications of bioimaging and drug delivery. The attractive superiorities of DNA nanostructures, such as precise geometries, spatial addressability, and improved biostability, have enabled them to be a novel category of nucleic acid delivery systems for biomedical applications. In this review, we introduce the development of DNA nanotechnology, and highlight recent advances of DNA nanostructure-based delivery systems for cellular imaging and therapeutic applications. Finally, we propose the challenges as well as opportunities for the future development of DNA nanotechnology in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yingjie Ren
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Yuliang Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
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Kumar N, Kumar S, Shukla A, Kumar S, Singh RK, Ulasov I, Kumar S, Patel AK, Yadav L, Tiwari R, Rachana, Mohanta SP, Kaushalendra, Delu V, Acharya A. Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis as a therapeutic target for FNC (2'-deoxy-2'-b-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine)-induced inhibition of Dalton's lymphoma growth and proliferation. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:16. [PMID: 38252337 PMCID: PMC10803707 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell lymphomas, refer to a diverse set of lymphomas that originate from T-cells, a type of white blood cell, with limited treatment options. This investigation aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanism of a novel fluorinated nucleoside analogue (FNA), 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine (FNC), against T-cell lymphoma using Dalton's lymphoma (DL)-bearing mice as a model. METHODS Balb/c mice transplanted with the DL tumor model received FNC treatment to study therapeutic efficacy against T-cell lymphoma. Behavioral monitoring, physiological measurements, and various analyses were conducted to evaluate treatment effects for mechanistic investigations. RESULTS The results of study indicated that FNC prevented DL-altered behavior parameters, weight gain and alteration in organ structure, hematological parameters, and liver enzyme levels. Moreover, FNC treatment restored organ structures, attenuated angiogenesis, reduced DL cell viability and proliferation through apoptosis. The mechanism investigation revealed FNC diminished MMP levels, induced apoptosis through ROS induction, and activated mitochondrial-mediated pathways leading to increase in mean survival time of DL mice. These findings suggest that FNC has potential therapeutic effects in mitigating DL-induced adverse effects. CONCLUSION FNC represents an efficient and targeted treatment strategy against T-cell lymphoma. FNC's proficient ability to induce apoptosis through ROS generation and MMP reduction makes it a promising candidate for developing newer and more effective anticancer therapies. Continued research could unveil FNC's potential role in designing a better therapeutic approach against NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- World-Class Research Center, Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Patel
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Lokesh Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | | | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Vikram Delu
- Haryana State Biodiversity Board, Panchkula, Haryana, 134109, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Kumar N, Shukla A, Kumar S, Ulasov I, Singh RK, Kumar S, Patel A, Yadav L, Tiwari R, Paswan R, Mohanta SP, Kaushalendra, Antil J, Acharya A. FNC (4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro(arbino)cytidine) as an Effective Therapeutic Agent for NHL: ROS Generation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-023-01193-6. [PMID: 38253918 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic nucleoside analogs (NAs) hold great promise in cancer therapeutics by mimicking endogenous nucleosides and interfering with crucial cellular processes. Here, we investigate the potential of the novel cytidine analog, 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro(arbino)cytidine (FNC), as a therapeutic agent for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using Dalton's lymphoma (DL) as a T-cell lymphoma model. FNC demonstrated dose- and time-dependent inhibition of DL cell growth and proliferation. IC-50 values of FNC were measured at 1 µM, 0.5 µM, and 0.1 µM after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Further elucidation of FNC's mechanism of action uncovers its role in inducing apoptosis in DL cells. Notable DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation point to activated apoptotic pathways. FNC-induced apoptosis was concomitant with changes in cellular membranes, characterized by membrane rupture and altered morphology. The robust anticancer effects of FNC are linked to its capacity to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, prompting oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, FNC disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, further promoting apoptosis. Dysregulation of apoptotic genes, with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, implicates the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, FNC-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest was mediated through modulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Overall, this study highlights the potential of FNC as a promising therapeutic agent for NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilya Ulasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaushalendra
- Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
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Elfakharany HK, Ghoraba HM, Gaweesh KA, Eldeen AAS, Eid AM. Immunohistochemical expression of cytochrome P4A11 (CYP4A11), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) and Ki67 in renal cell carcinoma; diagnostic relevance and relations to clinicopathological parameters. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155070. [PMID: 38183818 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P4A11 (CYP4A11) is a member of cytochrome p450 family, which is involved in arachidonic acid metabolism that participates in promoting malignant cell proliferation, progression, and angiogenetic capacity. Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CAIX) is a transmembrane protein that plays an integral part in regulating hypoxia which affects cancer cell metabolism, proliferation and promotes metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CYP4A11, CAIX and ki67 in RCC subtypes in relation to clinicopathological parameters and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of CYP4A11 and CAIX in differentiating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS one hundred primary RCC cases, collected from Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University and from private laboratories, were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of CYP4A11, CAIX and ki67. RESULTS CYP4A11 was expressed in 59% of RCC; with 91.7% sensitivity and 90% specificity in differentiating clear cell and non-clear cell subtypes. CAIX was expressed in 50% of RCC; with 95% sensitivity, 80% specificity. High expression of CYP4A11 was statistically positively associated with higher tumor grade, high expression of CAIX was statistically positively associated with lower tumor grade and absence of necrosis and high ki67 labeling index was significantly associated with clear cell subtype, larger tumor sizes, higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, fat invasion and vascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS CYP4A11 and CAIX can be used as diagnostic markers to differentiate clear cell RCC from other subtypes. CYP4A11 is more diagnostically accurate and specific than CAIX. High expression of CYP4A11, low CAIX expression and high ki67 labeling index were related to features of aggressive tumor behavior.
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Astrain-Redin N, Paoletti N, Plano D, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Angeli A, Sanmartin C, Supuran CT. Selenium-analogs based on natural sources as cancer-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2191165. [PMID: 36938694 PMCID: PMC10035951 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2191165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the relentless search for new cancer treatments, organoselenium compounds, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have emerged as promising drug candidates. CA isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in many types of cancer, and their inhibition is associated with potent antitumor/antimetastatic effects. Selenium-containing compounds, particularly selenols, have been shown to inhibit tumour-associated CA isoforms in the nanomolar range since the properties of the selenium atom favour binding to the active site of the enzyme. In this work, two series of selenoesters (1a-19a and 1b-19b), which gathered NSAIDs, carbo/heterocycles, and fragments from natural products, were evaluated against hCA I, II, IX, and XII. Indomethacin (17b) and flufenamic acid (19b) analogs exhibited selectivity for tumour-associated isoform IX in the low micromolar range. In summary, selenoesters that combine NSAIDs with fragments derived from natural sources have been developed as promising nonclassical inhibitors of the tumour-associated CA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Astrain-Redin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Kast RE. The OSR9 Regimen: A New Augmentation Strategy for Osteosarcoma Treatment Using Nine Older Drugs from General Medicine to Inhibit Growth Drive. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15474. [PMID: 37895152 PMCID: PMC10607234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As things stand in 2023, metastatic osteosarcoma commonly results in death. There has been little treatment progress in recent decades. To redress the poor prognosis of metastatic osteosarcoma, the present regimen, OSR9, uses nine already marketed drugs as adjuncts to current treatments. The nine drugs in OSR9 are: (1) the antinausea drug aprepitant, (2) the analgesic drug celecoxib, (3) the anti-malaria drug chloroquine, (4) the antibiotic dapsone, (5) the alcoholism treatment drug disulfiram, (6) the antifungal drug itraconazole, (7) the diabetes treatment drug linagliptin, (8) the hypertension drug propranolol, and (9) the psychiatric drug quetiapine. Although none are traditionally used to treat cancer, all nine have attributes that have been shown to inhibit growth-promoting physiological systems active in osteosarcoma. In their general medicinal uses, all nine drugs in OSR9 have low side-effect risks. The current paper reviews the collected data supporting the role of OSR9.
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Maxouri O, Bodalal Z, Daal M, Rostami S, Rodriguez I, Akkari L, Srinivas M, Bernards R, Beets-Tan R. How to 19F MRI: applications, technique, and getting started. BJR Open 2023; 5:20230019. [PMID: 37953866 PMCID: PMC10636348 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a significant role in the routine imaging workflow, providing both anatomical and functional information. 19F MRI is an evolving imaging modality where instead of 1H, 19F nuclei are excited. As the signal from endogenous 19F in the body is negligible, exogenous 19F signals obtained by 19F radiofrequency coils are exceptionally specific. Highly fluorinated agents targeting particular biological processes (i.e., the presence of immune cells) have been visualised using 19F MRI, highlighting its potential for non-invasive and longitudinal molecular imaging. This article aims to provide both a broad overview of the various applications of 19F MRI, with cancer imaging as a focus, as well as a practical guide to 19F imaging. We will discuss the essential elements of a 19F system and address common pitfalls during acquisition. Last but not least, we will highlight future perspectives that will enhance the role of this modality. While not an exhaustive exploration of all 19F literature, we endeavour to encapsulate the broad themes of the field and introduce the world of 19F molecular imaging to newcomers. 19F MRI bridges several domains, imaging, physics, chemistry, and biology, necessitating multidisciplinary teams to be able to harness this technology effectively. As further technical developments allow for greater sensitivity, we envision that 19F MRI can help unlock insight into biological processes non-invasively and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Grashei M, Wodtke P, Skinner JG, Sühnel S, Setzer N, Metzler T, Gulde S, Park M, Witt D, Mohr H, Hundshammer C, Strittmatter N, Pellegata NS, Steiger K, Schilling F. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5060. [PMID: 37604826 PMCID: PMC10442412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Witt
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Rabiee S, Hoveizi E, Barati M, Salehzadeh A, Joghataei MT, Tavakol S. Cancer cells same as zombies reprogram normal cells via the secreted microenvironment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288003. [PMID: 37506087 PMCID: PMC10381049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment plays a crucial role in promoting metastasis and malignancy even in normal cells. In the present study, the effect of acidic and conditioned media of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), separately and in combination, was studied for the first time on the cell death mechanisms and DNA methylation of normal fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). Cell survival of conditioned media was rescued by the addition of acidic media to conditioned media, as shown by the results. Cell metabolic activity is deviated in a direction other than the Krebs cycle by acidic media The mitochondrial metabolic activity of all groups was enhanced over time, except for acidic media. Unlike the highest amount of ROS in conditioned media, its level decreased to the level of acidic media in the combination group. Furthermore, cells were deviated towards autophagy, rather than apoptosis, by the addition of acidic media to the conditioned media, unlike the conditioned media. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed significantly higher DNA hypomethylation in acidic media than in normal and combination media. Not only were cells treated with conditioned media rescued by acidic media, but also DNA hypomethylation and apoptosis in the combination group were decreased through epigenetic modifications. The acidic and conditioned media produced by cancer cells can remotely activate malignant signaling pathways, much like zombies, which can cause metabolic and epigenetic changes in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rabiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Nagpal S, Mande SS. Environmental insults and compensative responses: when microbiome meets cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:130. [PMID: 37453005 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has recently been ascribed a new hallmark-the polymorphic microbiome. Accumulating evidence regarding the tissue specific territories of tumor-microbiome have opened new and interesting avenues. A pertinent question is regarding the functional consequence of the interface between host-microbiome and cancer. Given microbial communities have predominantly been explored through an ecological perspective, it is important that the foundational aspects of ecological stress and the fight to 'survive and thrive' are accounted for tumor-micro(b)environment as well. Building on existing evidence and classical microbial ecology, here we attempt to characterize the ecological stresses and the compensative responses of the microorganisms inside the tumor microenvironment. What insults would microbes experience inside the cancer jungle? How would they respond to these insults? How the interplay of stress and microbial quest for survival would influence the fate of tumor? This work asks these questions and tries to describe this underdiscussed ecological interface of the tumor and its microbiota. It is hoped that a larger scientific thought on the importance of microbial competition sensing vis-à-vis tumor-microenvironment would be stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nagpal
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Pune, 411013, India.
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd, Pune, 411013, India.
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14
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Shrivastava N, Guffie J, Moore TL, Guzelturk B, Kumbhar AS, Wen J, Luo Z. Surface-Doped Zinc Gallate Colloidal Nanoparticles Exhibit pH-Dependent Radioluminescence with Enhancement in Acidic Media. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37399282 PMCID: PMC10375584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
As abnormal acidic pH symbolizes dysfunctions of cells, it is highly desirable to develop pH-sensitive luminescent materials for diagnosing disease and imaging-guided therapy using high-energy radiation. Herein, we explored near-infrared-emitting Cr-doped zinc gallate ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in colloidal solutions with different pH levels under X-ray excitation. Ultrasmall NPs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method by controlling the addition of ammonium hydroxide precursor and reaction time, and structural characterization revealed Cr dopants on the surface of NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited different photoluminescence and radioluminescence mechanisms, confirming the surface distribution of activators. It was observed that the colloidal NPs emit pH-dependent radioluminescence in a linear relationship, and the enhancement reached 4.6-fold when pH = 4 compared with the colloidal NPs in the neutral solution. This observation provides a strategy for developing new biomaterials by engineering activators on the nanoparticle surfaces for potential pH-sensitive imaging and imaging-guided therapy using high-energy radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navadeep Shrivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
| | - Jessa Guffie
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
| | - Tamela L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Amar S Kumbhar
- Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhiping Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, United States
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15
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Huang L, Feng J, Zhu J, Yang J, Xiong W, Lu X, Chen S, Yang S, Li Y, Xu Y, Shen Z. A Strategy of Fenton Reaction Cycloacceleration for High-Performance Ferroptosis Therapy Initiated by Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203362. [PMID: 36893770 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The emerging tumor ferroptosis therapy confronts impediments of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with weak intrinsic acidity, inadequate endogenous H2 O2 , and a powerful intracellular redox balance system that eliminates toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a strategy of Fenton reaction cycloacceleration initiated by remodeling the TME for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided high-performance ferroptosis therapy of tumors is proposed. The synthesized nanocomplex exhibits enhanced accumulation at carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-positive tumors based on the CAIX-mediated active targeting, and increased acidification via the inhibition of CAIX by 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzene sulfonamide (ABS) (remodeling TME). This accumulated H+ and abundant glutathione in TME synergistically trigger biodegradation of the nanocomplex to release the loaded cuprous oxide nanodots (CON), β-lapachon (LAP), Fe3+ , and gallic acid-ferric ions coordination networks (GF). The Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are cycloaccelerated via the catalytic loop of Fe-Cu, and the LAP-triggered and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase1-mediated redox cycle, generating robust ROS and plenitudinous lipid peroxides accumulation for ferroptosis of tumor cells. The detached GF network has improved relaxivities in response to the TME. Therefore, the strategy of Fenton reaction cycloacceleration initiated by remodeling the TME is promising for MRI-guided high-performance ferroptosis therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xuanyi Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sijin Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sugeun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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16
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Merabti A, Richeter S, Supuran CT, Clement S, Winum JY. Are tumour-associated carbonic anhydrases genuine therapeutic targets for photodynamic therapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:817-826. [PMID: 37668158 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2255380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent treatment modality which has emerged as an alternative cancer therapy strategy. However, in solid tumors, the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is strongly reduced by hypoxia, a typical feature of many such tumors. The tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX (hCA IX) and XII (hCA XII), which are overexpressed under hypoxia are attractive, validated anticancer drug targets in solid tumors. Current challenges in therapeutic design of effective PDT systems aim to overcome the limitation of hypoxia by developing synergistic CA-targeted therapies combining photosensitizers and hCA IX/XII inhibitors. AREA COVERED In this review, the current literature on the use of hCA IX/XII inhibitors (CAi) for targeting photosensitizing chemical systems useful for PDT against hypoxic solid tumors is summarized, along with recent progress, challenges, and future prospects. EXPERT OPINION hCA IX/XII-focused photosensitizers have recently provided new generation of compounds of considerable potential. Proof of concept of in vivo efficacy studies suggested enhanced efficacy for CAi-PDT hybrid systems. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of how hCA IX/hCA XII inhibition can enhance PDT and for obtaining more effective such derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Merabti
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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17
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Huwaimel BI, Jonnalagadda SK, Jonnalagadda S, Kumari S, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Trippier PC. Selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors based around a functionalized coumarin scaffold. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:681-702. [PMID: 36872587 PMCID: PMC10257758 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of specific carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes is a validated strategy for the development of agents to target cancer. The CA isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in various human solid tumors wherein they play a critical role in regulating extracellular tumor acidification, proliferation, and progression. A series of novel sulfonamides based on the coumarin scaffold were designed, synthesized and characterized as potent and selective CA inhibitors. Selected compounds show significant activity and selectivity over CA I and CA II to target the tumor-associated CA IX and CA XII with high inhibition activity at the single digit nanomolar level. Twelve compounds were identified to be more potent compared with acetazolamide (AAZ) control to inhibit CA IX while one was also more potent than AAZ to inhibit CA XII. Compound 18f (Ki's = 955 nM, 515 nM, 21 nM and 5 nM for CA's I, II, IX, and XII, respectively) is highlighted as a novel CA IX and XII inhibitor for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader I. Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sravan K. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
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18
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Verkhovskii RA, Ivanov AN, Lengert EV, Tulyakova KA, Shilyagina NY, Ermakov AV. Current Principles, Challenges, and New Metrics in pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051566. [PMID: 37242807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of drug delivery via particulate formulations is one of the leading ideas that enable overcoming limitations of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. The trend toward more complex multifunctional drug carriers is well-traced in the literature. Nowadays, the prospectiveness of stimuli-responsive systems capable of controlled cargo release in the lesion nidus is widely accepted. Both endogenous and exogenous stimuli are employed for this purpose; however, endogenous pH is the most common trigger. Unfortunately, scientists encounter multiple challenges on the way to the implementation of this idea related to the vehicles' accumulation in off-target tissues, their immunogenicity, the complexity of drug delivery to intracellular targets, and finally, the difficulties in the fabrication of carriers matching all imposed requirements. Here, we discuss fundamental strategies for pH-responsive drug delivery, as well as limitations related to such carriers' application, and reveal the main problems, weaknesses, and reasons for poor clinical results. Moreover, we attempted to formulate the profiles of an "ideal" drug carrier in the frame of different strategies drawing on the example of metal-comprising materials and considered recently published studies through the lens of these profiles. We believe that this approach will facilitate the formulation of the main challenges facing researchers and the identification of the most promising trends in technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Verkhovskii
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lengert
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Tulyakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ermakov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Woodring RN, Gurysh EG, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Drug Delivery Systems for Localized Cancer Combination Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:934-950. [PMID: 36791273 PMCID: PMC10373430 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
With over 2 million cancer cases and over 600,000 cancer-associated deaths predicted in the U.S. for 2022, this life-debilitating disease continuously impacts the lives of people across the nation every day. Therapeutic treatment options for cancer have historically involved chemotherapies to eradicate tumors with cytotoxic mechanisms which can negatively affect the efficacy versus toxicity ratio of treatment. With a need for more directed and therapeutically active options, targeted small-molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies have since emerged to mitigate treatment-associated toxicities. However, aggressive tumors can employ a wide range of defense mechanisms to evade monotherapy treatment altogether, resulting in the recurrence of therapeutically resistant tumors. Therefore, many clinical routines have included combination therapy in which anticancer agents are combined to provide a synergistic attack on tumors. Even with this approach, maximizing the efficacy of cancer treatment is contingent upon the dose of drug that reaches the site of the tumor, so often therapy is administered at the site of a tumor via localized delivery platforms. Commonly used platforms for localized drug delivery include polymeric wafers, nanofibrous scaffolds, and hydrogels where drug combinations can be loaded and delivered synchronously. Attaining synergistic activity from these localized systems is dependent on proper material selection and fabrication methods. Herein, we describe these important considerations for enhancing the efficacy of cancer combination therapy through biodegradable, localized delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Woodring
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Gurysh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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20
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Mishra S, Bhatt T, Kumar H, Jain R, Shilpi S, Jain V. Nanoconstructs for theranostic application in cancer: Challenges and strategies to enhance the delivery. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1101320. [PMID: 37007005 PMCID: PMC10050349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoconstructs are made up of nanoparticles and ligands, which can deliver the loaded cargo at the desired site of action. Various nanoparticulate platforms have been utilized for the preparation of nanoconstructs, which may serve both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Nanoconstructs are mostly used to overcome the limitations of cancer therapies, such as toxicity, nonspecific distribution of the drug, and uncontrolled release rate. The strategies employed during the design of nanoconstructs help improve the efficiency and specificity of loaded theranostic agents and make them a successful approach for cancer therapy. Nanoconstructs are designed with a sole purpose of targeting the requisite site, overcoming the barriers which hinders its right placement for desired benefit. Therefore, instead of classifying modes for delivery of nanoconstructs as actively or passively targeted systems, they are suitably classified as autonomous and nonautonomous types. At large, nanoconstructs offer numerous benefits, however they suffer from multiple challenges, too. Hence, to overcome such challenges computational modelling methods and artificial intelligence/machine learning processes are being explored. The current review provides an overview on attributes and applications offered by nanoconstructs as theranostic agent in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Rupshee Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Satish Shilpi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
- *Correspondence: Vikas Jain,
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21
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Resina L, El Hauadi K, Sans J, Esteves T, Ferreira FC, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Alemán C. Electroresponsive and pH-Sensitive Hydrogel as Carrier for Controlled Chloramphenicol Release. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1432-1444. [PMID: 36821593 PMCID: PMC10889591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiresponsive hydrogels, which are smart soft materials that respond to more than one external stimulus, have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery. Within this context and with the aim of eliminating the systematic administration of antibiotics, special attention is being paid to the development of systems for controlled delivery of antibiotic for topical treatment of bacterial infections. In this work, an electro-chemo responsive hydrogel able to release chloramphenicol (CAM), a broad spectrum antibiotic also used for anticancer therapy, is proposed. This has been prepared by grafting poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to sodium alginate (Alg) and in situ encapsulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles loaded with CAM (PEDOT/CAM NPs), which were obtained by emulsion polymerization. Although the response to electrical stimuli of PEDOT was the main control for the release of CAM from PEDOT/CAM NPs, the release by passive diffusion had a relatively important contribution. Conversely, the passive release of antibiotic from the whole engineered hydrogel system, Alg-g-PAA/PEDOT/CAM, was negligible, whereas significant release was achieved under electrostimulation in an acid environment. Bacterial tests and assays with cancer cells demonstrated that the biological activity of CAM remained after release by electrical stimulation. Notably, the successful dual-response of the developed hydrogel to electrical stimuli and pH changes evidence the great prospect of this smart material in the biomedical field, as a tool to fight against bacterial infections and to provide local cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Resina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karima El Hauadi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sans
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Esteves
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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d-limonene-loaded liposomes target malignant glioma cells via the downregulation of angiogenic growth factors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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23
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Chen S, Yang Y, He S, Lian M, Wang R, Fang J. Review of biomarkers for response to immunotherapy in HNSCC microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1037884. [PMID: 36860322 PMCID: PMC9968921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1037884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Although a variety of treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy are widely used in diagnosing and treating HNSCC, the survival prognosis of patients has not been significantly improved in the past decades. As an emerging treatment approach, immunotherapy has shown exciting therapeutic effects in R/M HNSCC. However, the current screening methods are still insufficient, and there is a significant need for reliable predictive biomarkers for personalized clinical management and new therapeutic strategies. This review summarized the application of immunotherapy in HNSCC, comprehensively analyzed the existing bioinformatic studies on immunotherapy in HNSCC, evaluated the current methods of tumor immune heterogeneity and immunotherapy, and aimed to screen molecular markers with potential predictive significance. Among them, PD-1 has obvious predictive relevance as the target of existing immune drugs. Clonal TMB is a potential biomarker for HNSCC immunotherapy. The other molecules, including IFN-γ, CXCL, CTLA-4, MTAP, SFR4/CPXM1/COL5A1, TILs, CAFs, exosomes, and peripheral blood indicators, may have suggestive significance for tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Hu S, Cheng Q, Shang Y, Wang Z, Zhu R, Zhang L, Wu W, Zhang S, Li J. Synthesis of pH-responsive polyzwitterions for activated cellular uptake and tumor accumulation of gold nanoparticles at tumorous acidity. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36645918 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The response sensitivity of surface material plays an important role in adjustable nano-bio interactionin vivo. In this present, a zwitterionic polymer (polyzwitterion) containing quaternary ammonium cation and sulfonamide anion poly(4-((4-(3-(methacryloyloxy)propoxy)phenyl) sulfonamido)-N, N, N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-1-aminium chloride) (PMPTSA) was synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization to explore the pH responsive behavior in tumors. The PMPTSA-coated gold nanoparticles (PMPTSA-@-Au NPs) showed zwitterionic nature such as antifouling ability, low cellular uptake and prolonged circulation time similar with common hydrophilic polymers, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) functional gold nanoparticles in physiological environment (pH 7.4). A high sensitivity and reversible positive charge conversion of P(MPTSA)-@-Au NPs at tumor slight acidic microenvironment (∼pH 6.8) leaded to an enhanced cellular internalization than that at pH 7.4 and increased tumor accumulation compared with PEG, polycarboxybetaines and polymer sulphobetaine (PSB) functional gold nanoparticles. The highly pH responsive PMPTSA will provide the promising application in cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulu Shang
- 989 Hospital of Joint Service Support Force of Chinese Pla, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlan Wu
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouren Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanocomposite and Applications Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
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25
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Pyrrolyl and Indolyl α-γ-Diketo Acid Derivatives Acting as Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are active tissues containing hypoxic regions and producing metabolic acids. By decreasing pH, cancer cells create a hostile environment for surrounding host cells and foster tumor growth and progression. By governing acid/base regulation, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in several physiological/pathological processes, including tumors. Indeed, CAs are clinically relevant in cancer therapy as among the fifteen human isoforms, two of them, namely CA IX (overexpressed in solid tumors and associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis) and CA XII (overexpressed in some tumors) are involved in tumorigenesis. Targeting these two isoforms is considered as a pertinent approach to develop new cancer therapeutics. Several CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been described, even though they are unselective inhibitors of different isoforms. Thus, efforts are needed to find new selective CAIs. In this work, we described new diketo acid derivatives as CAIs, with the best acting compounds 1c and 5 as nanomolar inhibitors of CA IX and XII, being also two orders of magnitude selective over CAs I and II. Molecular modeling studies showed the different binding poses of the best acting CAIs within CA II and IX, highlighting the key structural features that could confer the ability to establish specific interactions within the enzymes. In different tumor cell lines overexpressing CA IX and XII, the tested compounds showed antiproliferative activity already at 24 h treatment, with no effects on somatic not transformed cells.
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26
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Torres-Martinez Z, Pérez D, Torres G, Estrada S, Correa C, Mederos N, Velazquez K, Castillo B, Griebenow K, Delgado Y. A Synergistic pH-Responsive Serum Albumin-Based Drug Delivery System Loaded with Doxorubicin and Pentacyclic Triterpene Betulinic Acid for Potential Treatment of NSCLC. BIOTECH 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 36810440 PMCID: PMC9944877 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized drug delivery systems (DDS) have been studied as a novel strategy against cancer due to their potential to simultaneously decrease drug inactivation and systemic toxicity and increase passive and/or active drug accumulation within the tumor(s). Triterpenes are plant-derived compounds with interesting therapeutic properties. Betulinic acid (BeA) is a pentacyclic triterpene that has great cytotoxic activity against different cancer types. Herein, we developed a nanosized protein-based DDS of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the drug carrier combining two compounds, doxorubicin (Dox) and the triterpene BeA, using an oil-water-like micro-emulsion method. We used spectrophotometric assays to determine protein and drug concentrations in the DDS. The biophysical properties of these DDS were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, confirming nanoparticle (NP) formation and drug loading into the protein structure, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 77% for Dox and 18% for BeA. More than 50% of both drugs were released within 24 h at pH 6.8, while less drug was released at pH 7.4 in this period. Co-incubation viability assays of Dox and BeA alone for 24 h demonstrated synergistic cytotoxic activity in the low μM range against non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells. Viability assays of the BSA-(Dox+BeA) DDS demonstrated a higher synergistic cytotoxic activity than the two drugs with no carrier. Moreover, confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the cellular internalization of the DDS and the accumulation of the Dox in the nucleus. We determined the mechanism of action of the BSA-(Dox+BeA) DDS, confirming S-phase cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, caspase cascade activation, and downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. This DDS has the potential to synergistically maximize the therapeutic effect of Dox and diminish chemoresistance induced by EGFR expression using a natural triterpene against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zally Torres-Martinez
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Daraishka Pérez
- Neuroscience Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon 00960, Puerto Rico
| | - Grace Torres
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico
| | - Sthephanie Estrada
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico—Cayey, Cayey 00736, Puerto Rico
| | - Clarissa Correa
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico
| | - Natasha Mederos
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico
| | - Kimberly Velazquez
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico
| | - Betzaida Castillo
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico—Humacao, Humacao 00727, Puerto Rico
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico
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Indisulam Reduces Viability and Regulates Apoptotic Gene Expression in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010068. [PMID: 36672576 PMCID: PMC9855339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combination therapy in children older than 3−5 years of age. These devastating tumors are influenced by the hypoxic microenvironment that coordinatively increases the expression of carbonic anhydrases (CA9 and CA12) that are involved in pH regulation, metabolism, cell invasion, and resistance to therapy. The synthetic sulphonamide Indisulam is a potent inhibitor of CAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Indisulam on CA9 and CA12 enzymes in pHGG cell lines. Our results indicated that, under hypoxia, the gene and protein expression of CA9 and CA12 are increased in pHGG cells. The functional effects of Indisulam on cell proliferation, clonogenic capacity, and apoptosis were measured in vitro. CA9 and CA12 gene and protein expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot. The treatment with Indisulam significantly reduced cell proliferation (dose-time-dependent) and clonogenic capacity (p < 0.05) and potentiated the effect of apoptosis (p < 0.01). Indisulam promoted an imbalance in the anti-apoptotic BCL2 and pro-apoptotic BAX protein expression. Our results demonstrate that Indisulam contributes to apoptosis via imbalance of apoptotic proteins (BAX/BCL2) and suggests a potential to overcome chemotherapy resistance caused by the regulation these proteins.
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Tawfik HO, Belal A, Abourehab MAS, Angeli A, Bonardi A, Supuran CT, El-Hamamsy MH. Dependence on linkers' flexibility designed for benzenesulfonamides targeting discovery of novel hCA IX inhibitors as potent anticancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2765-2785. [PMID: 36210545 PMCID: PMC9559471 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2130285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we reported the design and synthesis of two series comprising twenty-two benzenesulfonamides that integrate the s-triazine moiety. Target compounds successfully suppressed the hCA IX, with IC50 ranging from 28.6 to 871 nM. Compounds 5d, 11b, 5b, and 7b were the most active analogues, which inhibited hCA IX isoform in the low nanomolar range (KI = 28.6, 31.9, 33.4, and 36.6 nM, respectively). Furthermore, they were assessed for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines following US-NCI protocol. According to five-dose assay, 13c showed significant anticancer activity than 5c with GI50-MID values of 25.08 and 189.01 µM, respectively. Additionally, 13c's effects on wound healing, cell cycle disruption, and apoptosis induction in NCI-H460 cancer cells were examined. Further, docking studies combined with molecular dynamic simulation showed a stable complex with high binding affinity of 5d to hCA IX, exploiting a favourable H-bond and lipophilic interactions.HIGHLIGHTSCarbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors comprising rigid and flexible linkers were developed.Compound 5d is the most potent CA IX inhibitor in the study (IC50: 28.6 nM).Compounds 5c and 13c displayed the greatest antiproliferative activity towards 60 cell lines.Compound 13c exposed constructive outcomes on normal cell lines, metastasis, and wound healing.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation was utilised to study binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham O. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,CONTACT H. O. Tawfik Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy,C. T. Supuran Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mervat H. El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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29
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LC-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of the Ethanolic Extract of Atriplex halimus L. against Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Computational Studies and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091156. [PMID: 36145377 PMCID: PMC9503641 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atriplex halimus L., also known as Mediterranean saltbush, and locally as "Lgtef", an halophytic shrub, is used extensively to treat a wide variety of ailments in Morocco. The present study was undertaken to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract of A. halimus leaves (AHEE). We first determined the phytochemical composition of AHEE using a liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH scavenging capacity, β-carotene bleaching assay, ABTS scavenging, iron chelation, and the total antioxidant capacity assays. Cytotoxicity was investigated against human cancer breast cells lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The results showed that the components of the extract are composed of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The DPPH test showed strong scavenging capacity for the leaf extract (IC50 of 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/mL) in comparison to ascorbic acid (IC50 of 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL). The β-carotene test determined an IC50 of 2.91 ± 0.14 mg/mL. The IC50 values of ABTS, iron chelation, and TAC tests were 44.10 ± 2.92 TE µmol/mL, 27.40 ± 1.46 mg/mL, and 124 ± 1.27 µg AAE/mg, respectively. In vitro, the AHE extract showed significant inhibitory activity in all tested tumor cell lines, and the inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, computational techniques such as molecular docking and ADMET analysis were used in this work. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters related to the compounds' pharmacokinetic indicators were evaluated, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction (Pro-Tox II).
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30
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Timmers M, Weterings J, van Geijn M, Bell R, Lenting PE, Rijcken CJF, Vermonden T, Hennink WE, Liskamp RMJ. A New Class of Tunable Acid-Sensitive Linkers for Native Drug Release Based on the Trityl Protecting Group. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1707-1715. [PMID: 35979909 PMCID: PMC9501768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Core-cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) are a promising
nanoparticle
platform due to favorable properties such as their long circulation
and tumor disposition exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention
(EPR) effect. Sustained release of covalently linked drugs from the
hydrophobic core of the CCPM can be achieved by a biodegradable linker
that connects the drug and the core. This study investigates the suitability
of trityl-based linkers for the design of acid-triggered native active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release from CCPMs. Trityl linker
derivatives with different substituent patterns were synthesized and
conjugated to model API compounds such as DMXAA-amine, doxorubicin,
and gemcitabine, and their release kinetics were studied. Hereafter,
API release from CCPMs based on mPEG-b-pHPMAmLac block copolymers
was investigated. Variation of the trityl substitution pattern showed
tunability of the API release rate from the trityl-based linker with t1/2 varying from <1.0 to 5.0 h at pH 5.0
and t1/2 from 6.5 to >24 h at pH 7.4,
all at 37 °C. A clear difference in release kinetics was found
between gemcitabine and doxorubicin, with gemcitabine showing no detectable
release for 72 h at pH 5.0 and doxorubicin showing a t1/2 of less than 1 h. Based on these findings, we show
that the reaction mechanism of trityl deprotection plays an important
role in the API release kinetics. The first step in this mechanism,
which is protonation of the trityl-bound amine, is pKa-dependent,
which explains the difference in release rate. In conclusion, acid-sensitive
and tunable trityl linkers are highly promising for the design of
linker–API conjugates and for their use in CCPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Timmers
- Cristal Therapeutics, Maastricht 6229 EV, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roel Bell
- Symeres, Nijmegen 6546 BB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter E Lenting
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | | | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M J Liskamp
- Cristal Therapeutics, Maastricht 6229 EV, The Netherlands.,School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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31
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Squaramide-Tethered Sulfonamides and Coumarins: Synthesis, Inhibition of Tumor-Associated CAs IX and XII and Docking Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147685. [PMID: 35887037 PMCID: PMC9318203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive targets for the development of new anticancer therapies; in particular, CAs IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in numerous tumors. (2) Methods: following the tail approach, we have appended a hydrophobic aromatic tail to a pharmacophore responsible for the CA inhibition (aryl sulfonamide, coumarin). As a linker, we have used squaramides, featured with strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capacities. (3) Results: Starting from easily accessible dimethyl squarate, the title compounds were successfully obtained as crystalline solids, avoiding the use of chromatographic purifications. Interesting and valuable SARs could be obtained upon modification of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, position of the sulfonamido moiety, distance of the aryl sulfonamide scaffold to the squaramide, stereoelectronic effects on the aromatic ring, as well as the number and type of substituents on C-3 and C-4 positions of the coumarin. (4) Conclusions: For sulfonamides, the best profile was achieved for the m-substituted derivative 11 (Ki = 29.4, 9.15 nM, CA IX and XII, respectively), with improved selectivity compared to acetazolamide, a standard drug. Coumarin derivatives afforded an outstanding selectivity (Ki > 10,000 nM for CA I, II); the lead compound (16c) was a strong CA IX and XII inhibitor (Ki = 19.2, 7.23 nM, respectively). Docking simulations revealed the key ligand-enzyme interactions.
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32
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Tatari N, Zhang X, Chafe SC, McKenna D, Lawson KA, Subapanditha M, Shaikh MV, Seyfrid M, Savage N, Venugopal C, Moffat J, Singh SK. Dual Antigen T Cell Engagers Targeting CA9 as an Effective Immunotherapeutic Modality for Targeting CA9 in Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905768. [PMID: 35874663 PMCID: PMC9296860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), the most common malignant primary adult brain tumors, are uniformly lethal and are in need of improved therapeutic modalities. GBM contain extensive regions of hypoxia and are enriched in therapy resistant brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs). Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a hypoxia-induced cell surface enzyme that plays an important role in maintenance of stem cell survival and therapeutic resistance. Here we demonstrate that CA9 is highly expressed in patient-derived BTICs. CA9+ GBM BTICs showed increased self-renewal and proliferative capacity. To target CA9, we developed dual antigen T cell engagers (DATEs) that were exquisitely specific for CA9-positive patient-derived clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and GBM cells. Combined treatment of either ccRCC or GBM cells with the CA9 DATE and T cells resulted in T cell activation, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced cytotoxicity in a CA9-dependent manner. Treatment of ccRCC and GBM patient-derived xenografts markedly reduced tumor burden and extended survival. These data suggest that the CA9 DATE could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with solid tumors expressing CA9 to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn C. Chafe
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A. Lawson
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Seyfrid
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Sheila K. Singh,
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33
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van der Heide CD, Dalm SU. Radionuclide imaging and therapy directed towards the tumor microenvironment: a multi-cancer approach for personalized medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4616-4641. [PMID: 35788730 PMCID: PMC9606105 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide theranostics is becoming more and more prominent in clinical oncology. Currently, most nuclear medicine compounds researched for cancer theranostics are directed towards targets expressed in only a small subset of cancer types, limiting clinical applicability. The identification of cancer-specific targets that are (more) universally expressed will allow more cancer patients to benefit from these personalized nuclear medicine–based interventions. A tumor is not merely a collection of cancer cells, it also comprises supporting stromal cells embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), together forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since the TME is less genetically unstable than cancer cells, and TME phenotypes can be shared between cancer types, it offers targets that are more universally expressed. The TME is characterized by the presence of altered processes such as hypoxia, acidity, and increased metabolism. Next to the ECM, the TME consists of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages, endothelial cells forming the neo-vasculature, immune cells, and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs). Radioligands directed at the altered processes, the ECM, and the cellular components of the TME have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for targeted radionuclide imaging and/or therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the TME targets and their corresponding radioligands. In addition, we discuss what developments are needed to further explore the TME as a target for radionuclide theranostics, with the hopes of stimulating the development of novel TME radioligands with multi-cancer, or in some cases even pan-cancer, application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone U Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ling J, Chang Y, Yuan Z, Chen Q, He L, Chen T. Designing Lactate Dehydrogenase-Mimicking SnSe Nanosheets To Reprogram Tumor-Associated Macrophages for Potentiation of Photothermal Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27651-27665. [PMID: 35675569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid glycolysis of tumor cells produces excessive lactate to trigger acidification of the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to the formation of immunosuppressive TME and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) dysfunction. Therefore, reprogramming TAMs by depleting lactate with nanodrugs is expected to serve as an effective means of tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Herein, we report the use of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH)-mimicking SnSe nanosheets (SnSe NSs) loaded with a carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) inhibitor to reconstruct an acidic and immunosuppressive TME. As expected, this nanosystem could reprogram the TAM to achieve M1 macrophage activation and could also restore the potent tumor-killing activity of macrophages while switching their metabolic mode from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In addition, the repolarizing effect of SnSe NSs on macrophages was validated in a coculture model of bone marrow-derived macrophages, in three patient-derived malignant pleural effusion and in vivo mouse model. This study proposes a feasible therapeutic strategy for depleting lactate and thus ameliorating acidic TME employing Se-containing nanosheets, which could further amply the effects of TAM-based antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ling
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanzhou Chang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Chen KT, Seimbille Y. New Developments in Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Targeted Fluorescence and Nuclear Imaging Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116125. [PMID: 35682802 PMCID: PMC9181387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a tumor-specific and hypoxia-induced biomarker for the molecular imaging of solid malignancies. The nuclear- and optical-imaging of CAIX-expressing tumors have received great attention due to their potential for clinical applications. Nuclear imaging is a powerful tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of primary and metastatic CAIX-positive tumors and for the assessment of responses to antineoplastic treatment. Intraoperative optical fluorescence imaging provides improved visualization for surgeons to increase the discrimination of tumor lesions, allowing for safer surgical treatment. Over the past decades, many CAIX-targeted molecular imaging probes, based on monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, and small molecules, have been reported. In this review, we outline the recent development of CAIX-targeted probes for single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), and we discuss issues yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8903603
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dubini RCA, Korytiaková E, Schinkel T, Heinrichs P, Carell T, Rovó P. 1H NMR Chemical Exchange Techniques Reveal Local and Global Effects of Oxidized Cytosine Derivatives. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:237-246. [PMID: 35637781 PMCID: PMC9137243 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
5-Carboxycytosine
(5caC) is a rare epigenetic modification found
in nucleic acids of all domains of life. Despite its sparse genomic
abundance, 5caC is presumed to play essential regulatory roles in
transcription, maintenance and base-excision processes in DNA. In
this work, we utilize nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
to address the effects of 5caC incorporation into canonical DNA strands
at multiple pH and temperature conditions. Our results demonstrate
that 5caC has a pH-dependent global destabilizing and a base-pair
mobility enhancing local impact on dsDNA, albeit without any detectable
influence on the ground-state B-DNA structure. Measurement of hybridization
thermodynamics and kinetics of 5caC-bearing DNA duplexes highlighted
how acidic environment (pH 5.8 and 4.7) destabilizes the double-stranded
structure by ∼10–20 kJ mol–1 at 37
°C when compared to the same sample at neutral pH. Protonation
of 5caC results in a lower activation energy for the dissociation
process and a higher barrier for annealing. Studies on conformational
exchange on the microsecond time scale regime revealed a sharply localized
base-pair motion involving exclusively the modified site and its immediate
surroundings. By direct comparison with canonical and 5-formylcytosine
(5fC)-edited strands, we were able to address the impact of the two
most oxidized naturally occurring cytosine derivatives in the genome.
These insights on 5caC’s subtle sensitivity to acidic pH contribute
to the long-standing questions of its capacity as a substrate in base
excision repair processes and its purpose as an independent, stable
epigenetic mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo C. A. Dubini
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 5th floor, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Korytiaková
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thea Schinkel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Heinrichs
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Rovó
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstraße 4, 5th floor, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Development of Anticancer Peptides Using Artificial Intelligence and Combinational Therapy for Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050997. [PMID: 35631583 PMCID: PMC9147327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases causing abnormal cell growth, altering the genome, and invading or spreading to other parts of the body. Among therapeutic peptide drugs, anticancer peptides (ACPs) have been considered to target and kill cancer cells because cancer cells have unique characteristics such as a high negative charge and abundance of microvilli in the cell membrane when compared to a normal cell. ACPs have several advantages, such as high specificity, cost-effectiveness, low immunogenicity, minimal toxicity, and high tolerance under normal physiological conditions. However, the development and identification of ACPs are time-consuming and expensive in traditional wet-lab-based approaches. Thus, the application of artificial intelligence on the approaches can save time and reduce the cost to identify candidate ACPs. Recently, machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and hybrid learning (ML combined DL) have emerged into the development of ACPs without experimental analysis, owing to advances in computer power and big data from the power system. Additionally, we suggest that combination therapy with classical approaches and ACPs might be one of the impactful approaches to increase the efficiency of cancer therapy.
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Chen Y, Du F, Tang L, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Shen J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Carboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:400-416. [PMID: 35141397 PMCID: PMC8807988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carborane is a carbon-boron molecular cluster that can be viewed as a 3D analog of benzene. It features special physical and chemical properties, and thus has the potential to serve as a new type of pharmacophore for drug design and discovery. Based on the relative positions of two cage carbons, icosahedral closo-carboranes can be classified into three isomers, ortho-carborane (o-carborane, 1,2-C2B10H12), meta-carborane (m-carborane, 1,7-C2B10H12), and para-carborane (p-carborane, 1,12-C2B10H12), and all of them can be deboronated to generate their nido- forms. Cage compound carborane and its derivatives have been demonstrated as useful chemical entities in antitumor medicinal chemistry. The applications of carboranes and their derivatives in the field of antitumor research mainly include boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as BNCT/photodynamic therapy dual sensitizers, and as anticancer ligands. This review summarizes the research progress on carboranes achieved up to October 2021, with particular emphasis on signaling transduction pathways, chemical structures, and mechanistic considerations of using carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinrun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Hönigova K, Navratil J, Peltanova B, Polanska HH, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Metabolic tricks of cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188705. [PMID: 35276232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of cancer cells important for tumorigenesis is their metabolic plasticity. Indeed, in various stress conditions, cancer cells can reshape their metabolic pathways to support the increased energy request due to continuous growth and rapid proliferation. Moreover, selective pressures in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, and competition for resources, force cancer cells to adapt by complete reorganization of their metabolism. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of cancer metabolism and discuss its clinical significance, since overcoming metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is a key objective of modern cancer therapeutics and a better understanding of metabolic reprogramming may lead to the identification of possible targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hönigova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Zuo W, Chen W, Liu J, Huang S, Chen L, Liu Q, Liu N, Jin Q, Li Y, Wang P, Zhu X. Macrophage-Mimic Hollow Mesoporous Fe-Based Nanocatalysts for Self-Amplified Chemodynamic Therapy and Metastasis Inhibition via Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5053-5065. [PMID: 35040616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fe-based nanomaterials with Fenton reaction activity are promising for tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, most of the nanomaterials suffer from low catalytic efficiency due to its insufficient active site exposure and the relatively high tumor intracellular pH, which greatly impede its clinical application. Herein, macrophage membrane-camouflaged carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor (CAI)-loaded hollow mesoporous ferric oxide (HMFe) nanocatalysts are designed to remodel the tumor microenvironment with decreased intracellular pH for self-amplified CDT. The HMFe not only serves as a Fenton agent with high active-atom exposure to enhance CDT but also provides hollow cavity for CAI loading. Meanwhile, the macrophage membrane-camouflaging endows the nanocatalysts with immune evading capability and improves tumoritropic accumulation by recognizing tumor endothelium and cancer cells through α4/VCAM-1 interaction. Once internalized by tumor cells, the CAI could be specifically released, which can not only inhibit CA IX to induce intracellular H+ accumulation for accelerating the Fenton reaction but also could prevent tumor metastasis because of the insufficient H+ formation outside cells for tumor extracellular matrix degradation. In addition, the HMFe can be employed to highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging to real-time monitor the agents' bio-distribution and treatment progress. Both in vitro and in vivo results well demonstrated that the nanocatalysts could realize self-amplified CDT and breast cancer metastasis inhibition via tumor microenvironment remodeling, which also provides a promising paradigm for improving CDT and antimetastatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Zuo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Jinxue Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Huang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Luping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qingna Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Nian Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Quanyi Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
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Grossmannova K, Barathova M, Belvoncikova P, Lauko V, Csaderova L, Tomka J, Dulka T, Pastorek J, Madaric J. Hypoxia Marker Carbonic Anhydrase IX Is Present in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue and Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020879. [PMID: 35055064 PMCID: PMC8778372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a significant cause of premature deaths worldwide. Since there is no specific treatment for reducing AAA progression, it is crucial to understand the pathogenesis leading to aneurysm wall weakening/remodeling and identify new proteins involved in this process which could subsequently serve as novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we analyzed the presence of the hypoxia-related proteins carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and AKT as the key molecule in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway in the AAA wall. Additionally, we used a blood-based assay to examine soluble CA IX (s-CA IX) levels in the plasma of AAA patients. Using western blotting, we detected CA IX protein in 12 out of 15 AAA tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry staining proved CA IX expression in the media of the aneurysmal wall. Evaluation of phosphorylated (p-AKT) and total AKT showed elevated levels of both forms in AAA compared to normal aorta. Using ELISA, we determined the concentration of s-CA IX >20 pg/mL in 13 out of 15 AAA patients. Results obtained from in silico analysis of CA9 and aneurysm-associated genes suggest a role for CA IX in aneurysmal wall remodeling. Our results prove the presence of hypoxia-related CA IX in AAA tissues and indicate a possible role of CA IX in hypoxia-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Grossmannova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.G.); (P.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Monika Barathova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.G.); (P.B.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59302439
| | - Petra Belvoncikova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.G.); (P.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Viliam Lauko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.G.); (P.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Jan Tomka
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.T.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomas Dulka
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.T.); (T.D.)
| | | | - Juraj Madaric
- Department of Angiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Pod Krásnou Hôrkou 1, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Merae Alshahrani M. A glance at the emerging diagnostic biomarkers in the most prevalent genitourinary cancers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2072-2084. [PMID: 35531253 PMCID: PMC9073037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers comprise of a heterogenous group of cancers of which renal cell carcinoma, urothelial bladder carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most commonly encountered subtypes. A lot of research is ongoing using various strategies for exploration of novel biomarkers for genitourinary cancers. These biomarkers would not reduce the need for invasive diagnostic techniques but also could be used for early and accurate diagnosis to improve the clinical management required for the disease. Moreover, selecting the appropriate treatment regimen for the responsive patients based on these biomarkers would reduce the treatment toxicity as well as cost. Biomarkers identified using various advanced techniques like next generation sequencing and proteomics, which have been classified as immunological biomarkers, tissue-specific biomarkers and liquid biomarkers. Immunological biomarkers include markers of immunological pathways such as CTLA4, PD-1/PDl-1, tissue biomarkers include tissue specific molecules such as PSA antigen and liquid biomarkers include biomarkers detectable in urine, circulating cells etc. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief introduction to the most prevalent genitourinary malignancies, including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers along with a major focus on the novel diagnostic biomarkers and the importance of targeting them prior to genitourinary cancers treatment. Understanding these biomarkers and their potential in diagnosis of genitourinary cancer would not help in early and accurate diagnosis as mentioned above but may also lead towards a personalized approach for better diagnosis, prognosis and specified treatment approach for an individual.
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Solomatina AI, Kozina DO, Porsev VV, Tunik SP. pH-Responsive N^C-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, Computational Results, and Bioimaging Application. Molecules 2021; 27:232. [PMID: 35011464 PMCID: PMC8747057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report four [Ir(N^C)2(L^L)]n+, n = 0,1 complexes (1-4) containing cyclometallated N^C ligand (N^CH = 1-phenyl-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole) and various bidentate L^L ligands (picolinic acid (1), 2,2'-bipyridine (2), [2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (3), and sodium 4,4',4″,4‴-(1,2-phenylenebis(phosphanetriyl))tetrabenzenesulfonate (4). The N^CH ligand precursor and iridium complexes 1-4 were synthesized in good yield and characterized using chemical analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 2 was also determined by XRD analysis. The complexes display moderate to strong phosphorescence in the 550-670 nm range with the quantum yields up to 30% and lifetimes of the excited state up to 60 µs in deoxygenated solution. Emission properties of 1-4 and N^CH are strongly pH-dependent to give considerable variations in excitation and emission profiles accompanied by changes in emission efficiency and dynamics of the excited state. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD DFT) calculations made it possible to assign the nature of emissive excited states in both deprotonated and protonated forms of these molecules. The complexes 3 and 4 internalize into living CHO-K1 cells, localize in cytoplasmic vesicles, primarily in lysosomes and acidified endosomes, and demonstrate relatively low toxicity, showing more than 80% cells viability up to the concentration of 10 µM after 24 h incubation. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) experiments in these cells display lifetime distribution, the conversion of which into pH values using calibration curves gives the magnitudes of this parameter compatible with the physiologically relevant interval of the cell compartments pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Analysis of the Single-Cell Heterogeneity of Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines and the Investigation of Intratumor Heterogeneity Reveals the Expression of Transmembrane Protein 45A (TMEM45A) in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010144. [PMID: 35008313 PMCID: PMC8750076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is responsible for the majority of difficulties encountered in the treatment of lung-cancer patients. Therefore, the heterogeneity of NSCLC cell lines and primary lung adenocarcinoma was investigated by single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Human NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells A549, H1975, and H1650 were studied at single-cell resolution for the expression pattern of 13 markers: GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, CD66, CD274, CD24, CD326, pan-keratin, TRA-1-60, galectin-3, galectin-1, and EGFR. The intra- and inter-cell-line heterogeneity of A549, H1975, and H1650 cells were demonstrated through hypoxic modeling. Additionally, human primary lung adenocarcinoma, and non-involved healthy lung tissue were homogenized to prepare a single-cell suspension for CyTOF analysis. The single-cell heterogeneity was confirmed using unsupervised viSNE and FlowSOM analysis. Our results also show, for the first time, that TMEM45A is expressed in lung adenocarcinoma. Abstract Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is responsible for the majority of difficulties encountered in the treatment of lung-cancer patients. Therefore, the heterogeneity of NSCLC cell lines and primary lung adenocarcinoma was investigated by single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). First, we studied the single-cell heterogeneity of frequent NSCLC adenocarcinoma models, such as A549, H1975, and H1650. The intra- and inter-cell-line single-cell heterogeneity is represented in the expression patterns of 13 markers—namely GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, CD66, CD274 (PD-L1), CD24, CD326 (EpCAM), pan-keratin, TRA-1-60, galectin-3, galectin-1, and EGFR. The qRT-PCR and CyTOF analyses revealed that a hypoxic microenvironment and altered metabolism may influence cell-line heterogeneity. Additionally, human primary lung adenocarcinoma and non-involved healthy lung tissue biopsies were homogenized to prepare a single-cell suspension for CyTOF analysis. The CyTOF showed the ITH of human primary lung adenocarcinoma for 14 markers; particularly, the higher expressions of GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, and CD66 were associated with the lung-tumor tissue. Our single-cell results are the first to demonstrate TMEM45A expression in human lung adenocarcinoma, which was verified by immunohistochemistry.
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Lafuente-Gómez N, Latorre A, Milán-Rois P, Rodriguez Diaz C, Somoza Á. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for cancer treatment: boundaries, opportunities and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13662-13677. [PMID: 34874370 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule drugs, including most chemotherapies, are rapidly degraded and/or eliminated from the body, which is why high doses of these drugs are necessary, potentially producing toxic effects. Several types of nanoparticles loaded with anti-cancer drugs have been designed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional therapies. Modified nanoparticles can circulate for a long time, thus improving the solubility and biodistribution of drugs. Furthermore, they also allow the controlled release of the payload once its target tissue has been reached. These mechanisms can reduce the exposure of healthy tissues to chemotherapeutics, since the drugs are only released in the presence of specific tumour stimuli. Overall, these properties can improve the effectiveness of treatments while reducing undesirable side effects. In this article, we review the recent advances in stimuli-responsive albumin, gold and magnetic nanostructures for controlled anti-cancer drug delivery. These nanostructures were designed to release drugs in response to different internal and external stimuli of the cellular environment, including pH, redox, light and magnetic fields. We also describe various examples of applications of these nanomaterials. Overall, we shed light on the properties, potential clinical translation and limitations of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lafuente-Gómez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Milán-Rois
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ciro Rodriguez Diaz
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on experimental agents for the treatment and imaging of hypoxic tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1197-1208. [PMID: 34865569 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.2014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxic tumors, unlike normal tissues, overexpress proteins involved in oxygen sensing, metabolism, pH regulation, angiogenesis, immunological response, and other survival mechanisms, which are under investigation as antitumor drug targets. AREAS COVERED Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms CA IX and XII are among these validated antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets, with several of their inhibitors undergoing preclinical or clinical-stage investigations. Alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy, CA IX/XII inhibitors, such as SLC-0111, SLC-149, S4, 6A10, etc., were shown to inhibit the growth of the primary tumor, metastases, and invasiveness of many tumor types, being also amenable for the development of imaging agents. EXPERT OPINION SLC-0111 is the most investigated agent, being in Phase Ib/II clinical trials. In addition to its interference with extracellular acidifications, it has been shown to promote ferroptosis in cancer cells, another antitumor mechanism of this compound and the entire class. A large number sulfonamide and non-sulfonamide inhibitors have been developed using SLC-0111 as lead in the last three years, together with hybrid agents incorporating CA inhibitors and other anticancer chemotypes, including cytotoxins, telomerase, thioredoxin or P-glycoprotein inhibitors, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors or antimetabolites. All of them showed significant antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Lombardi AF, Wong JH, High R, Ma Y, Jerban S, Tang Q, Du J, Frost P, Pagel MD, Chang EY. AcidoCEST MRI Evaluates the Bone Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:865-873. [PMID: 33939066 PMCID: PMC8563482 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Adaptive responses to hypoxia may be an essential element in MM progression and drug resistance. This metabolic adaptation involves a decrease in extracellular pH (pHe), and it depends on the upregulation of glucose transporters (GLUTs) that is common in hypoxia and in cancer cells. CEST MRI is an imaging technique that assesses pHe indirectly by the exchange rate of magnetic saturation transfer between labile protons on a solute and water. Thus, this study aimed to determine the feasibility of acidoCEST MRI for pHe measurement using an orthotopic mouse model of MM compared with GLUT1 immunofluorescence staining as a reference. PROCEDURES Orthotopic BM engrafted MM xenografts were established in NSG/NOD mice using the human RPMI8226 myeloma cell line. AcidoCEST MRI was performed approximately 6 weeks after intravenous challenge, before and after intravenous administration of iopamidol. BM pHe values were generated via fitting the CEST spectrum with the Bloch-McConnell equations. Samples were decalcified, sectioned, and immunostained for GLUT1 expression. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between pHe and [H3O+] versus GLUT1 expression. RESULTS Ten mice underwent acidoCEST MRI followed by immunofluorescent histologic analysis. A strong negative correlation was seen between pHe versus GLUT1 expression (r = - 0.75, p < 0.001). After transformation of pH to [H3O+], a strong positive correlation between [H3O+] and GLUT1 expression was observed (r = 0.8, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AcidoCEST MRI can measure the extracellular pH of bone marrow affected by multiple myeloma. In this MM orthotopic mouse model, pHe measured by acidoCEST MRI showed strong correlations with the metabolic phenotype of BM tumor assessed by immunofluorescent histological assessment of GLUT1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecio F Lombardi
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wong
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel High
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Frost
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles Veteran Administration Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, CA, 92161, San Diego, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Binu NM, Prema D, Prakash J, Balagangadharan K, Balashanmugam P, Selvamurugan N, Venkatasubbu GD. Folic acid decorated pH sensitive polydopamine coated honeycomb structured nickel oxide nanoparticles for targeted delivery of quercetin to triple negative breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Xie C, Cen D, Wang H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Han G, Li X. Hierarchical nanoclusters with programmed disassembly for mitochondria-targeted tumor therapy with MR imaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8189-8201. [PMID: 34726680 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and the induction of abnormal mitochondria metabolism is recognized as a strategy with strong potential for the exploration of advanced tumor therapeutics. Herein, hierarchical manganese silicate nanoclusters modified with triphenylphosphonium (MSNAs-TPP) were designed and synthesized for mitochondria-targeted tumor theranostics. The as-prepared MSNAs-TPP retains considerable dimensional and structural stability in the neutral physiological environment, favoring its accumulation at the tumor site. More interestingly, MSNAs-TPP may disassemble in a responsive manner to an acidic tumor microenvironment into ultrasmall manganese silicate nanocapsules (∼6 nm), enabling deep tumor penetration and mitochondria targeting. When reaching the mitochondria, the nanocapsules effectively deplete mitochondrial glutathione (GSH), and simultaneously release catalytic Mn2+ ions to induce amplified oxidative stress in the structure with the enriched CO2 and H2O2 from mitochondria metabolism. As a result, MSNAs-TPP presents considerable antitumor effect without a clear side effect, both in vitro and in vivo. The study may provide an alternative concept in the development of intelligent nanotherapeutics for tumor treatment with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Cen
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
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Lee SH, Golinska M, Griffiths JR. HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2371. [PMID: 34572020 PMCID: PMC8472468 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumours, cancer cells exist within hypoxic microenvironments, and their metabolic adaptation to this hypoxia is driven by HIF-1 transcription factor, which is overexpressed in a broad range of human cancers. HIF inhibitors are under pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials, but there is evidence that hypoxic cancer cells can adapt metabolically to HIF-1 inhibition, which would provide a potential route for drug resistance. Here, we review accumulating evidence of such adaptions in carbohydrate and creatine metabolism and other HIF-1-independent mechanisms that might allow cancers to survive hypoxia despite anti-HIF-1 therapy. These include pathways in glucose, glutamine, and lipid metabolism; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational protein modifications; spatial reorganization of enzymes; signalling pathways such as Myc, PI3K-Akt, 2-hyxdroxyglutarate and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); and activation of the HIF-2 pathway. All of these should be investigated in future work on hypoxia bypass mechanisms in anti-HIF-1 cancer therapy. In principle, agents targeted toward HIF-1β rather than HIF-1α might be advantageous, as both HIF-1 and HIF-2 require HIF-1β for activation. However, HIF-1β is also the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear transporter (ARNT), which has functions in many tissues, so off-target effects should be expected. In general, cancer therapy by HIF inhibition will need careful attention to potential resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, KM6 Jalan Langgar, Alor Setar 05460, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Monika Golinska
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.G.); (J.R.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John R. Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; (M.G.); (J.R.G.)
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