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De Bartolo MI, Belvisi D, Mancinelli R, Costanzo M, Caturano C, Leodori G, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G, Vivacqua G. A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2613-2625. [PMID: 38595280 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis, to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying therapies. Despite the need for non-invasively accessible biomarkers, the majority of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers, which require invasive collection procedures. Saliva represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular biomarkers. In the present study, after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of 289 articles. After screening and exclusion, 34 relevant articles were derived for systematic review. Alpha-synuclein, the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva, with oligomeric alpha-synuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls, while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein, and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's disease. Beyond alpha-synuclein, other biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients: total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid-β1-42 (pathological protein aggregation biomarkers); DJ-1, heme-oxygenase-1, metabolites (altered energy homeostasis biomarkers); MAPLC-3beta (aberrant proteostasis biomarker); cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (inflammation biomarkers); DNA methylation, miRNA (DNA/RNA defects biomarkers); acetylcholinesterase activity (synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction biomarkers); Raman spectra, proteome, and caffeine. Despite a few studies investigating biomarkers targeting molecular pathways different from alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, these results should be replicated and observed in studies on larger cohorts, considering the potential role of these biomarkers in determining the molecular variance among Parkinson's disease subtypes. Although the need for standardization in sample collection and processing, salivary-based biomarkers studies have reported encouraging results, calling for large-scale longitudinal studies and multicentric assessments, given the great molecular potentials and the non-invasive accessibility of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Caturano
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Coukos R, Krainc D. Key genes and convergent pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:393-413. [PMID: 38600347 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the preferential dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The onset and progression of PD is influenced by a diversity of genetic variants, many of which lack functional characterization. To identify the most high-yield targets for therapeutic intervention, it is important to consider the core cellular compartments and functional pathways upon which the varied forms of pathogenic dysfunction may converge. Here, we review several key PD-linked proteins and pathways, focusing on the mechanisms of their potential convergence in disease pathogenesis. These dysfunctions primarily localize to a subset of subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, lysosomes and synapses. We discuss how these pathogenic mechanisms that originate in different cellular compartments may coordinately lead to cellular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coukos
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Mathews R, Hinds MT, Nguyen KP. Venous thromboembolism: diagnostic advances and unaddressed challenges in management. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:122-129. [PMID: 38359323 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in developing targeted diagnostics for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and unaddressed knowledge gaps in patient management. Without addressing these critical data needs, the morbidity in VTE patients will persist. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies investigating plasma protein profiles in VTE patients have identified key diagnostic targets to address the currently unmet need for low-cost, confirmatory, point-of-care VTE diagnostics. These studies and a growing body of evidence from animal model studies have revealed the importance of inflammatory and vascular pathology in driving VTE, which are currently unaddressed targets for VTE therapy. To enhance the translation of preclinical animal studies, clinical quantification of thrombus burden and comparative component analyses between modeled VTE and clinical VTE are necessary. SUMMARY Lead candidates from protein profiling of VTE patients' plasma offer a promising outlook in developing low cost, confirmatory, point-of-care testing for VTE. Additionally, addressing the critical knowledge gap of quantitatively measuring clinical thrombi will allow for an array of benefits in VTE management and informing the translatability of experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
| | - Khanh P Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Healthcare System
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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4
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Skou LD, Johansen SK, Okarmus J, Meyer M. Pathogenesis of DJ-1/PARK7-Mediated Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:296. [PMID: 38391909 PMCID: PMC10887164 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Mutations in the PD-associated gene PARK7 alter the structure and function of the encoded protein DJ-1, and the resulting autosomal recessively inherited disease increases the risk of developing PD. DJ-1 was first discovered in 1997 as an oncogene and was associated with early-onset PD in 2003. Mutations in DJ-1 account for approximately 1% of all recessively inherited early-onset PD occurrences, and the functions of the protein have been studied extensively. In healthy subjects, DJ-1 acts as an antioxidant and oxidative stress sensor in several neuroprotective mechanisms. It is also involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and dopamine homeostasis by regulating various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and molecular chaperone functions. While DJ-1 protects neurons against damaging reactive oxygen species, neurotoxins, and mutant α-synuclein, mutations in the protein may lead to inefficient neuroprotection and the progression of PD. As current therapies treat only the symptoms of PD, the development of therapies that directly inhibit oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death is critical. DJ-1 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target, while oxidized DJ-1 could operate as a biomarker for PD. In this paper, we review the role of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of PD by highlighting some of its key neuroprotective functions and the consequences of its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Duborg Skou
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Steffi Krudt Johansen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.D.S.); (S.K.J.); (J.O.)
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE—Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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5
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So YJ, Lee JU, Yang GS, Yang G, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JU. The Potentiality of Natural Products and Herbal Medicine as Novel Medications for Parkinson's Disease: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1071. [PMID: 38256144 PMCID: PMC10816678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily on the rise. PD demonstrates chronic and progressive characteristics, and many cases can transition into dementia. This increases societal and economic burdens, emphasizing the need to find effective treatments. Among the widely recognized causes of PD is the abnormal accumulation of proteins, and autophagy dysfunction accelerates this accumulation. The resultant Lewy bodies are also commonly found in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting an increased potential for the onset of dementia. Additionally, the production of free radicals due to mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neuronal damage and degeneration. The activation of astrocytes and the M1 phenotype of microglia promote damage to dopamine neurons. The drugs currently used for PD only delay the clinical progression and exacerbation of the disease without targeting its root cause, and come with various side effects. Thus, there is a demand for treatments with fewer side effects, with much potential offered by natural products. In this study, we reviewed a total of 14 articles related to herbal medicines and natural products and investigated their relevance to possible PD treatment. The results showed that the reviewed herbal medicines and natural products are effective against lysosomal disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, key mechanisms underlying PD. Therefore, natural products and herbal medicines can reduce neurotoxicity and might improve both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with PD. Furthermore, these products, with their multi-target effects, enhance bioavailability, inhibit antibiotic resistance, and might additionally eliminate side effects, making them good alternative therapies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin So
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Seung Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
- Da CaPo Co., Ltd., 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
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6
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Yuhan L, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Impact of NQO1 dysregulation in CNS disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38167027 PMCID: PMC10762857 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of the NQO1 activity in the CNS can result in abnormal neurotransmitter release and clearance, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury/death. Furthermore, it can cause disturbances in neural circuit function and synaptic neurotransmission. The abnormalities of NQO1 enzyme activity have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to various dimensions of tumorigenesis and treatment response in various brain tumors. The precise mechanisms through which abnormalities in NQO1 function contribute to these neurological disorders continue to be a subject of ongoing research. Building upon the existing knowledge, the present study reviews current investigations describing the role of NQO1 dysregulations in various neurological disorders. This study emphasizes the potential of NQO1 as a biomarker in diagnostic and prognostic approaches, as well as its suitability as a target for drug development strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuhan
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Xie Y, Li Y, Yang M. DJ-1: A Potential Biomarker Related to Prognosis, Chemoresistance, and Expression of Microenvironmental Chemokine in HR-Positive Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5041223. [PMID: 38125697 PMCID: PMC10732869 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5041223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is significantly elevated in various malignancies. However, the clinical significance of DJ-1 in hormone receptor (HR)-positive (HR+) breast cancer remains unclear. We evaluated DJ-1 expression in different databases and validated in vitro assay by RT-PCR and western blot among HR+ breast cancer. The correlations between DJ-1 level and tumor-immune were calculated. Mutational landscape, enriched signaling pathways, and drug sensitivity analyses were also assessed between DJ-1 high and low-expression groups. DJ-1 was upregulated in HR+ breast cancer, and high DJ-1 expression was significantly linked with poor prognosis. DJ-1 was correlated with the expression and function of different immune cells. The low DJ-1 group showed sensitivity to paclitaxel and docetaxel, while the high-expression group showed sensitivity to doxorubicin. CTLA4 and PD-L1 were more sensitive in high-DJ-1 group. It is involved in a range of pathways and might behave as a novel biomarker of prognostic value for the immune environment and drug sensitivity in HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Xie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Sandrelli F, Bisaglia M. Molecular and Physiological Determinants of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: What the DJ-1 Protein Teaches Us. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087674. [PMID: 37108835 PMCID: PMC10144135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset disease which causes the progressive degeneration of cortical and spinal motoneurons, leading to death a few years after the first symptom onset. ALS is mainly a sporadic disorder, and its causative mechanisms are mostly unclear. About 5-10% of cases have a genetic inheritance, and the study of ALS-associated genes has been fundamental in defining the pathological pathways likely also involved in the sporadic forms of the disease. Mutations affecting the DJ-1 gene appear to explain a subset of familial ALS forms. DJ-1 is involved in multiple molecular mechanisms, acting primarily as a protective agent against oxidative stress. Here, we focus on the involvement of DJ-1 in interconnected cellular functions related to mitochondrial homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, energy metabolism, and hypoxia response, in both physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss the possibility that impairments in one of these pathways may affect the others, contributing to a pathological background in which additional environmental or genetic factors may act in favor of the onset and/or progression of ALS. These pathways may represent potential therapeutic targets to reduce the likelihood of developing ALS and/or slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), 35100 Padova, Italy
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Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Scafidi A, Poli A, Michelucci A. PARK7/DJ-1 in microglia: implications in Parkinson's disease and relevance as a therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:95. [PMID: 37072827 PMCID: PMC10111685 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic processes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of PD remain obscure, causative genetic mutations, which aid in the identification of molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic forms, represent 10% of the patients. Among the inherited forms, loss of function of PARK7, which encodes the protein DJ-1, results in autosomal recessive early-onset PD. Yet, although protection against oxidative stress is the most prominent task ascribed to DJ-1, the underlying mechanisms linking DJ-1 deficiency to the onset of PD are a current matter of investigation. This review provides an overview of the role of DJ-1 in neuroinflammation, with a special focus on its functions in microglia genetic programs and immunological traits. Furthermore, it discusses the relevance of targeting dysregulated pathways in microglia under DJ-1 deficiency and their importance as therapeutic targets in PD. Lastly, it addresses the prospect to consider DJ-1, detected in its oxidized form in idiopathic PD, as a biomarker and to take into account DJ-1-enhancing compounds as therapeutics dampening oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Haut Forneuaux, L-4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 6A Rue Nicolas-Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Sun ME, Zheng Q. The Tale of DJ-1 (PARK7): A Swiss Army Knife in Biomedical and Psychological Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087409. [PMID: 37108572 PMCID: PMC10138432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 (also known as PARK7) is a multifunctional enzyme in human beings that is highly conserved and that has also been discovered in diverse species (ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes). Its complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities (such as anti-oxidation, anti-glycation, and protein quality control), as well as its role as a transcriptional coactivator, enable DJ-1 to serve as an essential regulator in multiple cellular processes (e.g., epigenetic regulations) and make it a promising therapeutic target for diverse diseases (especially cancer and Parkinson's disease). Due to its nature as a Swiss army knife enzyme with various functions, DJ-1 has attracted a large amount of research interest, from different perspectives. In this review, we give a brief summary of the recent advances with respect to DJ-1 research in biomedicine and psychology, as well as the progress made in attempts to develop DJ-1 into a druggable target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo E Sun
- Department of Psychology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang F, Nong H, Li Y, Xu Y, He M, Li J. DJ-1 Protects Auditory Cells from Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity via Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Toxicol Lett 2023; 379:56-66. [PMID: 36965608 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS DJ-1, a multifunctional protein encoded by the Park7 gene, is tightly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and autophagy regulation. The current study was designed to investigate whether DJ-1 is expressed in auditory cells and, if so, to explore the possible correlation between DJ-1 and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in this type of cells. METHODS The location and dynamic expression of DJ-1 in mouse cochlea hair cells (HCs) and House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1 cells) were detected by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot. The apoptosis of auditory cells was assessed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The levels of ROS were evaluated by MitoSox red staining. The expression of protein cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3B was examined by immunofluorescence and western blot. The expressions of certain key factors relevant to apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax) and autophagy (Beclin1, p-JNK, and p-c-Jun) were determined by western blot. The dynamic alterations of those factors in response to DJ-1 knockdown in HEI-OC1 cells (DJ-1-KD) were measured by western blotting and MitoSox red staining. RESULTS The expression of DJ-1 was clearly shown in both HCs and HEI-OC1 cells and cisplatin led to the reduction of DJ-1 expression in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, cisplatin-induced apoptotic process was implemented by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activating the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, DJ-1 explicitly participated in cisplatin-trigged cell damage by regulating autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this work clearly reveal, for the first time, that DJ-1 is expressed in the cochlea. Of particular importance, DJ-1 exerts its protective action against cisplatin-elicited injury on auditory cells via regulating apoptosis and autophagy, which provides a new strategy for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huiming Nong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Mingqiang He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease: Hype or Hope? Cells 2023; 12:cells12050764. [PMID: 36899899 PMCID: PMC10001341 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease. Its pathology is characterized by a prominent early death of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although the α-synuclein pathological aggregation and propagation, induced by several factors, is considered one of the most relevant hypotheses, PD pathogenesis is still a matter of debate. Indeed, environmental factors and genetic predisposition play an important role in PD. Mutations associated with a high risk for PD, usually called monogenic PD, underlie 5% to 10% of all PD cases. However, this percentage tends to increase over time because of the continuous identification of new genes associated with PD. The identification of genetic variants that can cause or increase the risk of PD has also given researchers the possibility to explore new personalized therapies. In this narrative review, we discuss the recent advances in the treatment of genetic forms of PD, focusing on different pathophysiologic aspects and ongoing clinical trials.
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De Lazzari F, Agostini F, Plotegher N, Sandre M, Greggio E, Megighian A, Bubacco L, Sandrelli F, Whitworth AJ, Bisaglia M. DJ-1 promotes energy balance by regulating both mitochondrial and autophagic homeostasis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105941. [PMID: 36473592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein DJ-1 is mutated in rare familial forms of recessive Parkinson's disease and in parkinsonism accompanied by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis symptoms and dementia. DJ-1 is considered a multitasking protein able to confer protection under various conditions of stress. However, the precise cellular function still remains elusive. In the present work, we evaluated fruit flies lacking the expression of the DJ-1 homolog dj-1β as compared to control aged-matched individuals. Behavioral evaluations included lifespan, locomotion in an open field arena, sensitivity to oxidative insults, and resistance to starvation. Molecular analyses were carried out by analyzing the mitochondrial morphology and functionality, and the autophagic response. We demonstrated that dj-1β null mutant flies are hypoactive and display higher sensitivity to oxidative insults and food deprivation. Analysis of mitochondrial homeostasis revealed that loss of dj-1β leads to larger and more circular mitochondria, characterized by impaired complex-I-linked respiration while preserving ATP production capacity. Additionally, dj-1β null mutant flies present an impaired autophagic response, which is suppressed by treatment with the antioxidant molecule N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine. Overall, our data point to a mechanism whereby DJ-1 plays a critical role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis, by sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis and affecting the autophagic flux through the maintenance of the cellular redox state. In light of the involvement of DJ-1 in neurodegenerative diseases and considering that neurons are highly energy-demanding cells, particularly sensitive to redox stress, our study sheds light on a key role of DJ-1 in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Lazzari
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | | | | | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy.
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padua 35121, Italy.
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padua 35121, Italy.
| | | | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Padua 35121, Italy.
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14
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Zhou Z, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Pan H, Wu J, Xu Q, Chen Y, Sun Q, Wu X, Zhu J, Wu X, Li J, Yan X, Guo J, Tang B, Lei L, Liu Z. Subtyping of early-onset Parkinson's disease using cluster analysis: A large cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1040293. [PMID: 36437996 PMCID: PMC9692000 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and progression. Defining subtypes of EOPD is needed to better understand underlying mechanisms, predict disease course, and eventually design more efficient personalized management strategies. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical subtypes of EOPD, assess the clinical characteristics of each EOPD subtype, and compare the progression between EOPD subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,217 patients were enrolled from a large EOPD cohort of the Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders Multicenter Database and Collaborative Network in China (PD-MDCNC) between January 2017 and September 2021. A comprehensive spectrum of motor and non-motor features were assessed at baseline. Cluster analysis was performed using data on demographics, motor symptoms and signs, and other non-motor manifestations. In 454 out of total patients were reassessed after a mean follow-up time of 1.5 years to compare progression between different subtypes. RESULTS Three subtypes were defined: mild motor and non-motor dysfunction/slow progression, intermediate and severe motor and non-motor dysfunction/malignant. Compared to patients with mild subtype, patients with the severe subtype were more likely to have rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, wearing-off, and dyskinesia, after adjusting for age and disease duration at baseline, and showed a more rapid progression in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score (P = 0.002), UPDRS part II (P = 0.014), and III (P = 0.001) scores, Hoehn and Yahr stage (P = 0.001), and Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39 item version score (P = 0.012) at prospective follow-up. CONCLUSION We identified three different clinical subtypes (mild, intermediate, and severe) using cluster analysis in a large EOPD cohort for the first time, which is important for tailoring therapy to individuals with EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqin Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yase Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Hunan KeY Health Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Hunan KeY Health Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Hunan Creator Information Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Zhang C, Chen S, Li X, Xu Q, Lin Y, Lin F, Yuan M, Zi Y, Cai J. Progress in Parkinson's disease animal models of genetic defects: Characteristics and application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Ma L, Li X, Liu C, Yan W, Ma J, Petersen RB, Peng A, Huang K. Modelling Parkinson's Disease in C. elegans: Strengths and Limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3033-3048. [PMID: 36111767 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220915103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor system and progressively worsens with age. Current treatment options for PD mainly target symptoms, due to our limited understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. A variety of preclinical models have been developed to study different aspects of the disease. The models have been used to elucidate the pathogenesis and for testing new treatments. These models include cell models, non-mammalian models, rodent models, and non-human primate models. Over the past few decades, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been widely adopted as a model system due to its small size, transparent body, short generation time and life cycle, fully sequenced genome, the tractability of genetic manipulation and suitability for large scale screening for disease modifiers. Here, we review studies using C. elegans as a model for PD and highlight the strengths and limitations of the C. elegans model. Various C. elegans PD models, including neurotoxin-induced models and genetic models, are described in detail. Moreover, met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Human Resources Department, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Human Resources Department, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Anlin Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Imberechts D, Kinnart I, Wauters F, Terbeek J, Manders L, Wierda K, Eggermont K, Madeiro RF, Sue C, Verfaillie C, Vandenberghe W. DJ-1 is an essential downstream mediator in PINK1/parkin-dependent mitophagy. Brain 2022; 145:4368-4384. [PMID: 36039535 PMCID: PMC9762950 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the PRKN, PINK1 and PARK7 genes (encoding parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1, respectively) cause autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson's disease. PINK1 and parkin jointly mediate selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), but the mechanisms by which loss of DJ-1 induces Parkinson's disease are not well understood. Here, we investigated PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy in cultured human fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons with homozygous PARK7 mutations. We found that DJ-1 is essential for PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Loss of DJ-1 did not interfere with PINK1 or parkin activation after mitochondrial depolarization but blocked mitophagy further downstream by inhibiting recruitment of the selective autophagy receptor optineurin to depolarized mitochondria. By contrast, starvation-induced, non-selective autophagy was not affected by loss of DJ-1. In wild-type fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons, endogenous DJ-1 translocated to depolarized mitochondria in close proximity to optineurin. DJ-1 translocation to depolarized mitochondria was dependent on PINK1 and parkin and did not require oxidation of cysteine residue 106 of DJ-1. Overexpression of DJ-1 did not rescue the mitophagy defect of PINK1- or parkin-deficient cells. These findings position DJ-1 downstream of PINK1 and parkin in the same pathway and suggest that disruption of PINK1/parkin/DJ-1-mediated mitophagy is a common pathogenic mechanism in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inge Kinnart
- Laboratory for Parkinson Research, KU Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fieke Wauters
- Laboratory for Parkinson Research, KU Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanne Terbeek
- Laboratory for Parkinson Research, KU Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liselot Manders
- Laboratory for Parkinson Research, KU Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expertise Unit, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and
Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Eggermont
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven,
3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Carolyn Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal
North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards
2065, Australia
| | | | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Correspondence to: Wim Vandenberghe Department of Neurology,
University Hospitals Leuven Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium E-mail:
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18
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Sanz FJ, Solana-Manrique C, Lilao-Garzón J, Brito-Casillas Y, Muñoz-Descalzo S, Paricio N. Exploring the link between Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Drosophila. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22432. [PMID: 35766235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of glucose in blood. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between both diseases; it is even considered that DM might be a risk factor for PD. To further investigate the likely relation of these diseases, we have used a Drosophila PD model based on inactivation of the DJ-1β gene (ortholog of human DJ-1), and diet-induced Drosophila and mouse type 2 DM (T2DM) models, together with human neuron-like cells. T2DM models were obtained by feeding flies with a high sugar-containing medium, and mice with a high fat diet. Our results showed that both fly models exhibit common phenotypes such as alterations in carbohydrate homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction or motor defects, among others. In addition, we demonstrated that T2DM might be a risk factor of developing PD since our diet-induced fly and mouse T2DM models present DA neuron dysfunction, a hallmark of PD. We also confirmed that neurodegeneration is caused by increased glucose levels, which has detrimental effects in human neuron-like cells by triggering apoptosis and leading to cell death. Besides, the observed phenotypes were exacerbated in DJ-1β mutants cultured in the high sugar medium, indicating that DJ-1 might have a role in carbohydrate homeostasis. Finally, we have confirmed that metformin, an antidiabetic drug, is a potential candidate for PD treatment and that it could prevent PD onset in T2DM model flies. This result supports antidiabetic compounds as promising PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sanz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Solana-Manrique
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Joaquín Lilao-Garzón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Silvia Muñoz-Descalzo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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19
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Mengeste AM, Nikolić N, Dalmao Fernandez A, Feng YZ, Nyman TA, Kersten S, Haugen F, Kase ET, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Insight Into the Metabolic Adaptations of Electrically Pulse-Stimulated Human Myotubes Using Global Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928195. [PMID: 35874526 PMCID: PMC9298736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has proven to be a useful tool to interrogate cell-specific responses to muscle contraction. In the present study, we aimed to uncover networks of signaling pathways and regulatory molecules responsible for the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to chronic EPS. Differentiated myotubes from young male subjects were exposed to EPS protocol 1 (i.e. 2 ms, 10 V, and 0.1 Hz for 24 h), whereas myotubes from middle-aged women and men were exposed to protocol 2 (i.e. 2 ms, 30 V, and 1 Hz for 48 h). Fuel handling as well as the transcriptome, cellular proteome, and secreted proteins of EPS-treated myotubes from young male subjects were analyzed using a combination of high-throughput RNA sequencing, high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, oxidation assay, and immunoblotting. The data showed that oxidative metabolism was enhanced in EPS-exposed myotubes from young male subjects. Moreover, a total of 81 differentially regulated proteins and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in these cells after EPS protocol 1. We also found 61 overlapping genes while comparing the DEGs to mRNA expression in myotubes from the middle-aged group exposed to protocol 2, assessed by microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that significantly regulated proteins and genes were enriched in biological processes related to glycolytic pathways, positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as muscle contraction, autophagy/mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Additionally, proteomic identification of secreted proteins revealed extracellular levels of 137 proteins were changed in myotubes from young male subjects exposed to EPS protocol 1. Selected putative myokines were measured using ELISA or multiplex assay to validate the results. Collectively, our data provides new insight into the transcriptome, proteome and secreted proteins alterations following in vitro exercise and is a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory molecules mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao Fernandez
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuan Z Feng
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fred Haugen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, STAMI-The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Lang M, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I. Crosstalk of organelles in Parkinson's disease - MiT family transcription factors as central players in signaling pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35842725 PMCID: PMC9288732 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms constantly need to adapt to their surrounding environment and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to deal with stress. Mitochondria and lysosomes are central organelles in the response to energy and nutrient availability within a cell and act through interconnected mechanisms. However, when such processes become overwhelmed, it can lead to pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by proteinaceous intracellular inclusions and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, which causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease etiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been recognized as a hallmark of PD pathogenesis, and several aspects of mitochondrial biology are impaired in PD patients and models. In addition, defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway have extensively been observed in cell and animal models as well as PD patients' brains, where constitutive autophagy is indispensable for adaptation to stress and energy deficiency. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the functions of mitochondria and lysosomal compartments are tightly linked and influence each other. Connections between these organelles are constituted among others by mitophagy, organellar dynamics and cellular signaling cascades, such as calcium (Ca2+) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of transcription factors. Members of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT), including MITF, TFE3 and TFEB, play a central role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic pressure and are considered master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. As such, they are part of the interconnection between mitochondria and lysosome functions and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic approaches against NDD, including PD. The activation of MiT transcription factors through genetic and pharmacological approaches have shown encouraging results at ameliorating PD-related phenotypes in in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relationship between mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal functions in the context of PD etiology and focus on the role of the MiT pathway and its potential as pharmacological target against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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21
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Angelopoulou E, Bougea A, Papageorgiou SG, Villa C. Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Lesson from Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061099. [PMID: 35741861 PMCID: PMC9222985 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PDP) represents a common and debilitating condition that complicates Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly in the later stages. The spectrum of psychotic symptoms are heterogeneous, ranging from minor phenomena of mild illusions, passage hallucinations and sense of presence to severe psychosis consisting of visual hallucinations (and rarely, auditory and tactile or gustatory) and paranoid delusions. PDP is associated with increased caregiver stress, poorer quality of life for patients and carers, reduced survival and risk of institutionalization with a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although several risk factors for PDP development have been identified, such as aging, sleep disturbances, long history of PD, cognitive impairment, depression and visual disorders, the pathophysiology of psychosis in PD is complex and still insufficiently clarified. Additionally, several drugs used to treat PD can aggravate or even precipitate PDP. Herein, we reviewed and critically analyzed recent studies exploring the genetic architecture of psychosis in PD in order to further understand the pathophysiology of PDP, the risk factors as well as the most suitable therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6448-8138
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22
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Pap D, Veres-Székely A, Szebeni B, Vannay Á. PARK7/DJ-1 as a Therapeutic Target in Gut-Brain Axis Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126626. [PMID: 35743072 PMCID: PMC9223539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly known that Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD) diseases occur more frequently in patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel (IBD) or celiac disease, indicating a pathological link between them. Although epidemiological observations suggest the existence of the gut-brain axis (GBA) involving systemic inflammatory and neural pathways, little is known about the exact molecular mechanisms. Parkinson's disease 7 (PARK7/DJ-1) is a multifunctional protein whose protective role has been widely demonstrated in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, AD, or ischemic stroke. Recent studies also revealed the importance of PARK7/DJ-1 in the maintenance of the gut microbiome and also in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. All these findings suggest that PARK7/DJ-1 may be a link and also a potential therapeutic target in gut and brain diseases. In this review, therefore, we discuss our current knowledge about PARK7/DJ-1 in the context of GBA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonkos Pap
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Apor Veres-Székely
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szebeni
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (D.P.); (A.V.-S.); (B.S.)
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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23
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Atypical Ubiquitination and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073705. [PMID: 35409068 PMCID: PMC8998352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination (the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins) is one of the main post-translational modifications of proteins. Historically, the type of polyubiquitination, which involves K48 lysine residues of the monomeric ubiquitin, was the first studied type of ubiquitination. It usually targets proteins for their subsequent proteasomal degradation. All the other types of ubiquitination, including monoubiquitination; multi-monoubiquitination; and polyubiquitination involving lysine residues K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, and K63 and N-terminal methionine, were defined as atypical ubiquitination (AU). Good evidence now exists that AUs, participating in the regulation of various cellular processes, are crucial for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). These AUs target various proteins involved in PD pathogenesis. The K6-, K27-, K29-, and K33-linked polyubiquitination of alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, and DJ-1 (another PD-associated protein) is involved in the formation of insoluble aggregates. Multifunctional protein kinase LRRK2 essential for PD is subjected to K63- and K27-linked ubiquitination. Mitophagy mediated by the ubiquitin ligase parkin is accompanied by K63-linked autoubiquitination of parkin itself and monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins with the formation of both classical K48-linked ubiquitin chains and atypical K6-, K11-, K27-, and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. The ubiquitin-specific proteases USP30, USP33, USP8, and USP15, removing predominantly K6-, K11-, and K63-linked ubiquitin conjugates, antagonize parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Storey CL, Williams RSB, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. Dictyostelium discoideum: A Model System for Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030463. [PMID: 35159273 PMCID: PMC8833889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of neurological disorders is increasing due to population growth and extended life expectancy. Despite advances in the understanding of these disorders, curative strategies for treatment have not yet eventuated. In part, this is due to the complexities of the disorders and a lack of identification of their specific underlying pathologies. Dictyostelium discoideum has provided a useful, simple model to aid in unraveling the complex pathological characteristics of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and lissencephaly. In addition, D. discoideum has proven to be an innovative model for pharmaceutical research in the neurological field. Scope of review: This review describes the contributions of D. discoideum in the field of neurological research. The continued exploration of proteins implicated in neurological disorders in D. discoideum may elucidate their pathological roles and fast-track curative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Storey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Robin Simon Brooke Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK;
| | - Paul Robert Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-394-791-412
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Parkinson's disease protein PARK7 prevents metabolite and protein damage caused by a glycolytic metabolite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111338119. [PMID: 35046029 PMCID: PMC8795555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111338119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive compounds cause cellular damage that is suspected to contribute to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and environmental factors likely contribute to this. Here we report that an enzyme mutated in Parkinson’s disease can prevent damage of metabolites and proteins caused by a metabolite from the central pathway of sugar metabolism. Inactivation of this enzyme in model systems, ranging from flies to human cells, leads to the accumulation of a wide range of damaged metabolites and proteins. Thus, this enzyme represents a highly conserved strategy to prevent damage in cells that metabolize sugars. Overall, we discovered a fundamental link between carbohydrate metabolism and a type of cellular damage that might contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. Cells are continuously exposed to potentially dangerous compounds. Progressive accumulation of damage is suspected to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and aging, but the molecular identity of the damage remains largely unknown. Here we report that PARK7, an enzyme mutated in hereditary Parkinson’s disease, prevents damage of proteins and metabolites caused by a metabolite of glycolysis. We found that the glycolytic metabolite 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) spontaneously forms a novel reactive intermediate that avidly reacts with amino groups. PARK7 acts by destroying this intermediate, thereby preventing the formation of proteins and metabolites with glycerate and phosphoglycerate modifications on amino groups. As a consequence, inactivation of PARK7 (or its orthologs) in human cell lines, mouse brain, and Drosophila melanogaster leads to the accumulation of these damaged compounds, most of which have not been described before. Our work demonstrates that PARK7 function represents a highly conserved strategy to prevent damage in cells that metabolize carbohydrates. This represents a fundamental link between metabolism and a type of cellular damage that might contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease.
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26
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Gómez O, Perini-Villanueva G, Yuste A, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Poch E, Bejarano E. Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790479. [PMID: 35004686 PMCID: PMC8733682 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fine-tuned proteolytic pathway that moves dysfunctional/aged cellular components into the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Over the last 3 decades, global research has provided evidence for the protective role of autophagy in different brain cell components. Autophagic capacities decline with age, which contributes to the accumulation of obsolete/damaged organelles and proteins and, ultimately, leads to cellular aging in brain tissues. It is thus well-accepted that autophagy plays an essential role in brain homeostasis, and malfunction of this catabolic system is associated with major neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy function can be modulated by different types of stress, including glycative stress. Glycative stress is defined as a cellular status with abnormal and accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It occurs in hyperglycemic states, both through the consumption of high-sugar diets or under metabolic conditions such as diabetes. In recent years, glycative stress has gained attention for its adverse impact on brain pathology. This is because glycative stress stimulates insoluble, proteinaceous aggregation that is linked to the malfunction of different neuropathological proteins. Despite the emergence of new literature suggesting that autophagy plays a major role in fighting glycation-derived damage by removing cytosolic AGEs, excessive glycative stress might also negatively impact autophagic function. In this mini-review, we provide insight on the status of present knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in brain physiology and pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the cytoprotective role of autophagic function to ameliorate the adverse effects of glycation-derived damage in neurons, glia, and neuron-glia interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gómez
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuliana Perini-Villanueva
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Yuste
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enric Poch
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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Erustes AG, Guarache GC, Guedes EDC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJDS, Smaili SS. α-Synuclein Interactions in Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Possible Role in Parkinson's Disease. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221119347. [PMID: 37366506 PMCID: PMC10243560 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulate various biological processes, such as mitochondrial dynamics, calcium homeostasis, autophagy and lipid metabolism. Notably, dysfunctions in these contact sites are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, details about the role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites in neurodegenerative diseases remain unknown. In Parkinson's disease, interactions between α-synuclein in the contact sites and components of tether complexes that connect organelles can lead to various dysfunctions, especially with regards to calcium homeostasis. This review will summarize the main tether complexes present in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, and their roles in calcium homeostasis and trafficking. We will discuss the impact of α-synuclein accumulation, its interaction with tethering complex components and the implications in Parkinson's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Ren H, Zhai W, Lu X, Wang G. The Cross-Links of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691881. [PMID: 34168552 PMCID: PMC8218021 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), as well as the presence of intracellular inclusions with α-synuclein as the main component in surviving DA neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that the imbalance of proteostasis is a key pathogenic factor for PD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, two major pathways for maintaining proteostasis, play important roles in PD pathology and are considered as attractive therapeutic targets for PD treatment. However, although ER stress/UPR and autophagy appear to be independent cellular processes, they are closely related to each other. In this review, we focused on the roles and molecular cross-links between ER stress/UPR and autophagy in PD pathology. We systematically reviewed and summarized the most recent advances in regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy, and their cross-linking mechanisms. We also reviewed and discussed the mechanisms of the coexisting ER stress/UPR activation and dysregulated autophagy in the lesion regions of PD patients, and the underlying roles and molecular crosslinks between ER stress/UPR activation and the dysregulated autophagy in DA neurodegeneration induced by PD-associated genetic factors and PD-related neurotoxins. Finally, we indicate that the combined regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy would be a more effective treatment for PD rather than regulating one of these conditions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ren
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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