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Wang P, Dai W, Liu H, Liu H, Xu Y. Fenobam modulates distinct electrophysiological mechanisms for regulating excessive gamma oscillations in the striatum of dyskinetic rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114833. [PMID: 38782350 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gamma oscillations have been frequently observed in levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), manifest as broadband (60-120 Hz) and narrowband (80-110 Hz) gamma activity in cortico-striatal projection. We investigated the electrophysiological mechanisms and correlation of gamma oscillations with dyskinesia severity, while assessing the administration of fenobam, a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist, in regulating dyskinesia-associated gamma activity. We conducted simultaneous electrophysiological recordings in Striatum (Str) and primary motor cortex (M1), together with Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scoring (AIMs). Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), power, coherence, and Granger causality analyses were conducted for electrophysiological data. The findings demonstrated increased beta oscillations with directionality from M1 to Str in parkinsonian state. During on-state dyskinesia, elevated broadband gamma activity was modulated by the phase of theta activity in Str, while M1 → Str gamma causality mediated narrowband gamma oscillations in Str. Striatal gamma power (both periodic and aperiodic power), periodic power, peak frequency, and PAC at 80 min (corresponding to the peak dyskinesia) after repeated levodopa injections across recording days (day 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42) increased progressively, correlating with total AIMs. Additionally, a time-dependent parabolic trend of PAC, peak frequency and gamma power was observed after levodopa injection on day 42 from 20 to 120 min, which also correlated with corresponding AIMs. Fenobam effectively alleviates dyskinesia, suppresses enhanced gamma oscillations in the M1-Str directionality, and reduces PAC in Str. The temporal characteristics of gamma oscillations provide parameters for classifying LID severity. Antagonizing striatal mGluR5, a promising therapeutic target for dyskinesia, exerts its effects by modulating gamma activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weina Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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2
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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Shen C, Shen B, Liu D, Han L, Zou K, Gan L, Ren J, Wu B, Tang Y, Zhao J, Sun Y, Liu F, Yu W, Yao H, Wu J, Wang J. Bidirectional regulation of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by a specific neural ensemble in globus pallidus external segment. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101566. [PMID: 38759649 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is an intractable motor complication arising in Parkinson's disease with the progression of disease and chronic treatment of levodopa. However, the specific cell assemblies mediating dyskinesia have not been fully elucidated. Here, we utilize the activity-dependent tool to identify three brain regions (globus pallidus external segment [GPe], parafascicular thalamic nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus) that specifically contain dyskinesia-activated ensembles. An intensity-dependent hyperactivity in the dyskinesia-activated subpopulation in GPe (GPeTRAPed in LID) is observed during dyskinesia. Optogenetic inhibition of GPeTRAPed in LID significantly ameliorates LID, whereas reactivation of GPeTRAPed in LID evokes dyskinetic behavior in the levodopa-off state. Simultaneous chemogenetic reactivation of GPeTRAPed in LID and another previously reported ensemble in striatum fully reproduces the dyskinesia induced by high-dose levodopa. Finally, we characterize GPeTRAPed in LID as a subset of prototypic neurons in GPe. These findings provide theoretical foundations for precision medication and modulation of LID in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shen
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhua Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Tang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengtao Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haishan Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang P, Jin W, Lyu Z, Lyu X, Li L. Study on the mechanism of gut microbiota in the pathogenetic interaction between depression and Parkinson 's disease. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111001. [PMID: 38852651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Depression and Parkinson's disease share pathogenetic characteristics, meaning that they can impact each other and exacerbate their respective progression. From a pathogenetic perspective, depression can develop into Parkinson's disease and is a precursor symptom of Parkinson's disease; Parkinson's disease is also often accompanied by depression. From a pharmacological perspective, the use of antidepressants increases the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, and therapeutic medications for Parkinson's disease can exacerbate symptoms of depression. Therefore, identifying how Parkinson's disease and depression impact each other in their development is key to formulating preventive measures and targeted treatment. One commonality in the pathogenesis of depression and Parkinson's disease are alterations in the gut microbiota, with mechanisms interacting in neural, immune inflammatory, and neuroendocrine pathways. This paper reviews the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression and Parkinson's disease; conducts a study of the relationship between both conditions and medication; and suggests that dysregulated gut microbiota may be a key factor in explaining the relationship between Parkinson's disease and depression. Finally, on the basis of these findings, this article hopes to provide suggestions that new ideas for the prevention and treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhaoshun Lyu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xinxuan Lyu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China.
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Soares S, de Sousa JT, Boaretto FBM, da Silva JB, Dos Santos DM, Garcia ALH, da Silva J, Grivicich I, Picada JN. Amantadine mitigates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of doxorubicin in SH-SY5Y cells and reduces its mutagenicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105874. [PMID: 38851604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Amantadine (AMA) is a useful drug in neuronal disorders, but few studies have been performed to access its toxicological profile. Conversely, doxorubicin (Dox) is a well-known antineoplastic drug that has shown neurotoxic effects leading to cognitive impairment. The aims of this study are to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of AMA, as well as its possible protective actions against deleterious effects of Dox. The Salmonella/microsome assay was performed to assess mutagenicity while cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells using MTT and comet assays. Possible modulating effects of AMA on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity induced by Dox were evaluated through cotreatment procedures. Amantadine did not induce mutations in the Salmonella/microsome assay and decreased Dox-induced mutagenicity in the TA98 strain. AMA reduced cell viability and induced DNA damage in SH-SY5Y cells. In cotreatment with Dox, AMA attenuated the cytotoxicity of Dox and showed an antigenotoxic effect. In conclusion, AMA does not induce gene mutations, although it has shown a genotoxic effect. Furthermore, AMA decreases frameshift mutations induced by Dox as well as the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Dox in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting that AMA can interfere with Dox mutagenic activity and attenuate its neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Soares
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jayne Torres de Sousa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bondan da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Duani Maria Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics Toxicology, La Salle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetics Toxicology, La Salle University, Av. Victor Barreto, 2288, 92010-000 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil, Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Chavda VP, Chaudhari AZ, Balar PC, Gholap A, Vora LK. Phytoestrogens: Chemistry, potential health benefits, and their medicinal importance. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3060-3079. [PMID: 38602108 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, also known as xenoestrogens, are secondary metabolites derived from plants that have similar structures and biological effects as human estrogens. These compounds do not directly affect biological functions but can act as agonists or antagonists depending on the level of endogenous estrogen in the body. Phytoestrogens may have an epigenetic mechanism of action independent of estrogen receptors. These compounds are found in more than 300 plant species and are synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway, with specific enzymes leading to various chemical structures. Phytoestrogens, primarily phenolic compounds, include isoflavonoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. Extensive research in animals and humans has demonstrated the protective effects of phytoestrogens on estrogen-dependent diseases. Clinical trials have also shown their potential benefits in conditions such as osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of cancer. This review provides a concise overview of phytoestrogen classification, chemical diversity, and biosynthesis and discusses the potential therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens, as well as their preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amit Z Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amol Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
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Kassubek J, Factor SA, Balaguer E, Schwarz J, Chaudhuri KR, Isaacson SH, Wu S, Denecke Muhr C, Kulisevsky J. Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson's disease complicated by OFF episodes: a phase 3, open-label study. J Neurol 2024; 271:3554-3570. [PMID: 38546829 PMCID: PMC11136727 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) is an on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term (≥ 3 years) safety/tolerability and efficacy of SL-APO. METHODS Study CTH-301 ( http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT02542696; registered 2015-09-03) was a phase 3, multicentre, open-label study of SL-APO in PD patients with motor fluctuations, comprised of a dose-titration and long-term safety phase. All participants received SL-APO. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability (treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs]) during the long-term safety phase. Efficacy assessments included the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III (motor examination), assessed at weeks 24, 36 and 48 during the first year of the long-term safety phase. RESULTS 496 patients were included and 120 (24.2%) completed the long-term safety phase. Mean duration of SL-APO exposure was 294.3 days. TEAEs related to study drug were experienced by 65.3% of patients (most common: nausea [6.0%], stomatitis [1.8%], lip swelling [1.8%], dizziness [1.6%], oral mucosal erythema [1.6%], mouth ulceration [1.6%]). TEAEs leading to study drug withdrawal were experienced by 34.0% of patients (most common: nausea [5.4%], lip swelling [4.5%], mouth ulceration [2.6%], stomatitis [2.3%]). A clinically meaningful reduction in MDS-UPDRS part III score was observed as soon as 15 min following administration of SL-APO, with peak effects observed approximately 30 min post-dose and sustained up to 90 min post-dose; results were consistent over 48 weeks. CONCLUSIONS SL-APO was generally well tolerated and efficacious over the long term as an on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Jean and Paul Amos Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ernest Balaguer
- Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- Department of Geriatrics, Kreisklinik Ebersberg, Ebersberg, Germany
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Stacy Wu
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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Cardinale A, de Iure A, Picconi B. Neuroinflammation and Dyskinesia: A Possible Causative Relationship? Brain Sci 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 38790492 PMCID: PMC11118841 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment represents the gold standard therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. L-DOPA therapy shows many side effects, among them, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) remain the most problematic. Several are the mechanisms underlying these processes: abnormal corticostriatal neurotransmission, pre- and post-synaptic neuronal events, changes in gene expression, and altered plasticity. In recent years, researchers have also suggested non-neuronal mechanisms as a possible cause for LIDs. We reviewed recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on neuroinflammation contribution to LIDs. Microglia and astrocytes seem to play a strategic role in LIDs phenomenon. In particular, their inflammatory response affects neuron-glia communication, synaptic activity and neuroplasticity, contributing to LIDs development. Finally, we describe possible new therapeutic interventions for dyskinesia prevention targeting glia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cardinale
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.d.I.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Limbachiya N, Lau YH, Chaudhuri KR. Parkinson's Kinetigraph for Wearable Sensor Detection of Clinically Unrecognized Early-Morning Akinesia in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report-Based Observation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3045. [PMID: 38793900 PMCID: PMC11125273 DOI: 10.3390/s24103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Early-morning off periods, causing early-morning akinesia, can lead to significant motor and nonmotor morbidity in levodopa-treated fluctuating Parkinson's disease (PD) cases. Despite validated bedside scales in clinical practice, such early-morning off periods may remain undetected unless specific wearable technologies, such as the Parkinson's KinetiGraph™ (PKG) watch, are used. We report five PD cases for whom the PKG detected early-morning off periods that were initially clinically undetected and as such, untreated. These five cases serve as exemplars of this clinical gap in care. Post-PKG assessment, clinicians were alerted and targeted therapies helped abolish the early-morning off periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK; (N.L.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Naomi Limbachiya
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK; (N.L.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Yue Hui Lau
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Division of Neurology, Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang 41200, Malaysia
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK; (N.L.); (K.R.C.)
- Parkinson’s Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK;
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10
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Jin X, Si X, Lei X, Liu H, Shao A, Li L. Disruption of Dopamine Homeostasis Associated with Alteration of Proteins in Synaptic Vesicles: A Putative Central Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1204-1226. [PMID: 37815908 PMCID: PMC11081171 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestigial dopaminergic cells in PD have selectivity for a sub-class of hypersensitive neurons with the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) tract. DA is modulated in pre-synaptic nerve terminals to remain stable. To be specific, proteins at DA release sites that have a function of synthesizing and packing DA in cytoplasm, modulating release and reingestion, and changing excitability of neurons, display regional discrepancies that uncover relevancy of the observed sensitivity to neurodegenerative changes. Although the reasons of a majority of PD cases are still indistinct, heredity and environment are known to us to make significant influences. For decades, genetic analysis of PD patients with heredity in family have promoted our comprehension of pathogenesis to a great extent, which reveals correlative mechanisms including oxidative stress, abnormal protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we review the constitution of presynaptic vesicle related to DA homeostasis and describe the genetic and environmental evidence of presynaptic dysfunction that increase risky possibility of PD concerning intracellular vesicle transmission and their functional outcomes. We summarize alterations in synaptic vesicular proteins with great involvement in the reasons of some DA neurons highly vulnerable to neurodegenerative changes. We generalize different potential targets and therapeutic strategies for different pathogenic mechanisms, providing a reference for further studies of PD treatment in the future. But it remains to be further researched on this recently discovered and converging mechanism of vesicular dynamics and PD, which will provide a more profound comprehension and put up with new therapeutic tactics for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiang Jin
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Yeh CH, Xu Y, Shi W, Fitzgerald JJ, Green AL, Fischer P, Tan H, Oswal A. Auditory cues modulate the short timescale dynamics of STN activity during stepping in Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:501-509. [PMID: 38636820 PMCID: PMC7616027 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait impairment has a major impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is believed that basal ganglia oscillatory activity at β frequencies (15-30 Hz) may contribute to gait impairment, but the precise dynamics of this oscillatory activity during gait remain unclear. Additionally, auditory cues are known to lead to improvements in gait kinematics in PD. If the neurophysiological mechanisms of this cueing effect were better understood they could be leveraged to treat gait impairments using adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) technologies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the dynamics of subthalamic nucleus (STN) oscillatory activity during stepping movements in PD and to establish the neurophysiological mechanisms by which auditory cues modulate gait. METHODS We studied STN local field potentials (LFPs) in eight PD patients while they performed stepping movements. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) were used to discover transient states of spectral activity that occurred during stepping with and without auditory cues. RESULTS The occurrence of low and high β bursts was suppressed during and after auditory cues. This manifested as a decrease in their fractional occupancy and state lifetimes. Interestingly, α transients showed the opposite effect, with fractional occupancy and state lifetimes increasing during and after auditory cues. CONCLUSIONS We show that STN oscillatory activity in the α and β frequency bands are differentially modulated by gait-promoting oscillatory cues. These findings suggest that the enhancement of α rhythms may be an approach for ameliorating gait impairments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Health Intelligent Evaluation and Intervention, Ministry of Education (Beijing Institute of Technology), Beijing, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Health Intelligent Evaluation and Intervention, Ministry of Education (Beijing Institute of Technology), Beijing, China.
| | - James J Fitzgerald
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Functional Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Fischer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Huiling Tan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwini Oswal
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Johnston TH, Lacoste AMB, Ravenscroft P, Su J, Tamadon S, Seifi M, Lang AE, Fox SH, Brotchie JM, Visanji NP. Using artificial intelligence to identify drugs for repurposing to treat l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109880. [PMID: 38412888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Repurposing regulatory agency-approved molecules, with proven safety in humans, is an attractive option for developing new treatments for disease. We identified and assessed the efficacy of 3 drugs predicted by an in silico screen as having the potential to treat l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease. We analysed ∼1.3 million Medline abstracts using natural language processing and ranked 3539 existing drugs based on predicted ability to reduce LID. 3 drugs from the top 5% of the 3539 candidates; lorcaserin, acamprosate and ganaxolone, were prioritized for preclinical testing based on i) having a novel mechanism of action, ii) having not been previously validated for the treatment of LID, iii) being blood-brain-barrier penetrant and orally bioavailable and iv) being clinical trial ready. We assessed the efficacy of acamprosate, ganaxolone and lorcaserin in a rodent model of l-DOPA-induced hyperactivity, with lorcaserin affording a 58% reduction in rotational asymmetry (P < 0.05) compared to vehicle. Acamprosate and ganaxolone failed to demonstrate efficacy. Lorcaserin, a 5HT2C agonist, was then further tested in MPTP lesioned dyskinetic macaques where it afforded an 82% reduction in LID (P < 0.05), unfortunately accompanied by a significant increase in parkinsonian disability. In conclusion, although our data do not support the repurposing of lorcaserin, acamprosate or ganaxolone per se for LID, we demonstrate value of an in silico approach to identify candidate molecules which, in combination with an in vivo screen, can facilitate clinical development decisions. The present study adds to a growing literature in support of this paradigm shifting approach in the repurposing pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Johnston
- Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | | | - Paula Ravenscroft
- Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Jin Su
- Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Sahar Tamadon
- Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Mahtab Seifi
- Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Krembil Brain Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Hospital, 399, Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Susan H Fox
- Krembil Brain Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Hospital, 399, Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Krembil Brain Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Atuka Inc, Suite 5600, 100 King St. W. Toronto, Ontario, M5X 1C9, Canada
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Krembil Brain Institute, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada; Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, Toronto Western Hospital, 399, Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Lee DH, Woo BS, Park YH, Lee JH. General Treatments Promoting Independent Living in Parkinson's Patients and Physical Therapy Approaches for Improving Gait-A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:711. [PMID: 38792894 PMCID: PMC11123276 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the multifaceted approaches to treating Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function but also manifesting in a variety of symptoms that vary greatly among individuals. The complexity of PD symptoms necessitates a comprehensive treatment strategy that integrates surgical interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical therapy to tailor to the unique needs of each patient. Surgical options, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), have been pivotal for patients not responding adequately to medication, offering significant symptom relief. Pharmacotherapy remains a cornerstone of PD management, utilizing drugs like levodopa, dopamine agonists, and others to manage symptoms and, in some cases, slow down disease progression. However, these treatments often lead to complications over time, such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, highlighting the need for precise dosage adjustments and sometimes combination therapies to optimize patient outcomes. Physical therapy plays a critical role in addressing the motor symptoms of PD, including bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremors, postural instability, and akinesia. PT techniques are tailored to improve mobility, balance, strength, and overall quality of life. Strategies such as gait and balance training, strengthening exercises, stretching, and functional training are employed to mitigate symptoms and enhance functional independence. Specialized approaches like proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), the Bobath concept, and the use of assistive devices are also integral to the rehabilitation process, aimed at improving patients' ability to perform daily activities and reducing the risk of falls. Innovations in technology have introduced robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) and other assistive devices, offering new possibilities for patient care. These tools provide targeted support and feedback, allowing for more intensive and personalized rehabilitation sessions. Despite these advancements, high costs and accessibility issues remain challenges that need addressing. The inclusion of exercise and activity beyond structured PT sessions is encouraged, with evidence suggesting that regular physical activity can have neuroprotective effects, potentially slowing disease progression. Activities such as treadmill walking, cycling, and aquatic exercises not only improve physical symptoms but also contribute to emotional well-being and social interactions. In conclusion, treating PD requires a holistic approach that combines medical, surgical, and therapeutic strategies. While there is no cure, the goal is to maximize patients' functional abilities and quality of life through personalized treatment plans. This integrated approach, along with ongoing research and development of new therapies, offers hope for improving the management of PD and the lives of those affected by this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hwan Lee
- IM Rehabilitation Hospital, 2140, Cheongnam-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28702, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.L.); (B.-S.W.); (Y.-H.P.)
| | - Bong-Sik Woo
- IM Rehabilitation Hospital, 2140, Cheongnam-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28702, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.L.); (B.-S.W.); (Y.-H.P.)
| | - Yong-Hwa Park
- IM Rehabilitation Hospital, 2140, Cheongnam-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si 28702, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.L.); (B.-S.W.); (Y.-H.P.)
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kyungdong, 815, Gyeonhwon-ro, Munmak-eup, Wonju-si 26495, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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14
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Mascotte-Cruz JU, Vera A, Leija L, Lopez-Salas FE, Gradzielski M, Koetz J, Gatica-García B, Rodríguez-Oviedo CP, Valenzuela-Arzeta IE, Escobedo L, Reyes-Corona D, Gutierrez-Castillo ME, Maldonado-Berny M, Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Orozco-Barrios CE, Martinez-Fong D. Focused ultrasound on the substantia nigra enables safe neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery to dopaminergic neurons intranasally and by blood circulation. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:60. [PMID: 38564106 PMCID: PMC10987469 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles provide efficient gene transfection of nigral dopaminergic neurons when intracerebrally injected in preclinical trials of Parkinson's disease because they do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, this study aimed to open BBB with focused ultrasound (FUS) on the substantia nigra to attain systemic and intranasal transfections and evaluate its detrimental effect in rats. Systemically injected Evans Blue showed that a two-pulse FUS opened the nigral BBB. Accordingly, 35 μL of neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles encompassing the green fluorescent protein plasmid (79.6 nm mean size and + 1.3 mV Zeta-potential) caused its expression in tyrosine hydroxylase(+) cells (dopaminergic neurons) of both substantiae nigrae upon delivery via internal carotid artery, retro-orbital venous sinus, or nasal mucosa 30 min after FUS. The intracarotid delivery yielded the highest transgene expression, followed by intranasal and venous administration. However, FUS caused neuroinflammation displayed by infiltrated lymphocytes (positive to cluster of differentiation 45), activated microglia (positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), neurotoxic A1 astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3), and neurotrophic A2 astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10), that ended 15 days after FUS. Dopaminergic neurons and axonal projections decreased but recuperated basal values on day 15 after transfection, correlating with a decrease and recovery of locomotor behavior. In conclusion, FUS caused transient neuroinflammation and reversible neuronal affection but allowed systemic and intranasal transfection of dopaminergic neurons in both substantiae nigrae. Therefore, FUS could advance neurotensin-polyplex nanotechnology to clinical trials for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan U Mascotte-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo Vera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica-Bioelectrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Lorenzo Leija
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica-Bioelectrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Francisco E Lopez-Salas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institut für Chemie, Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institut für Chemie , Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bismark Gatica-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
- Nanoparticle Therapy Institute, Aguascalientes, México
| | | | - Irais E Valenzuela-Arzeta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lourdes Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M E Gutierrez-Castillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Berny
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando J Espadas-Alvarez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Carlos E Orozco-Barrios
- CONAHCYT - Unidad de Investigaciones Médicas en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México.
- Nanoparticle Therapy Institute, Aguascalientes, México.
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15
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Huang YT, Chen YW, Lin TY, Chen JC. Suppression of presynaptic corticostriatal glutamate activity attenuates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's disease mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106452. [PMID: 38401650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A common adverse effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). This condition results from both dopamine (DA)-dependent and DA-independent mechanisms, as glutamate inputs from corticostriatal projection neurons impact DA-responsive medium spiny neurons in the striatum to cause the dyskinetic behaviors. In this study, we explored whether suppression of presynaptic corticostriatal glutamate inputs might affect the behavioral and biochemical outcomes associated with LID. We first established an animal model in which 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mice were treated daily with L-dopa (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks; these mice developed stereotypical abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). When the mice were pretreated with the NMDA antagonist, amantadine, we observed suppression of AIMs and reductions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and NR2B in the striatum. We then took an optogenetic approach to manipulate glutamatergic activity. Slc17a6 (vGluT2)-Cre mice were injected with pAAV5-Ef1a-DIO-eNpHR3.0-mCherry and received optic fiber implants in either the M1 motor cortex or dorsolateral striatum. Optogenetic inactivation at either optic fiber implant location could successfully reduce the intensity of AIMs after 6-OHDA lesioning and L-dopa treatment. Both optical manipulation strategies also suppressed phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-NR2B signals in the striatum. Finally, we performed intrastriatal injections of LDN 212320 in the dyskenesic mice to enhance expression of glutamate uptake transporter GLT-1. Sixteen hours after the LDN 212320 treatment, L-dopa-induced AIMs were reduced along with the levels of striatal phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-NR2B. Together, our results affirm a critical role of corticostriatal glutamate neurons in LID and strongly suggest that diminishing synaptic glutamate, either by suppression of neuronal activity or by upregulation of GLT-1, could be an effective approach for managing LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yen Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Healthy Ageing Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospitall, Linkou, Taiwan.
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16
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Milanowski J, Nuszkiewicz J, Lisewska B, Lisewski P, Szewczyk-Golec K. Adipokines, Vitamin D, and Selected Inflammatory Biomarkers among Parkinson's Disease Patients with and without Dyskinesia: A Preliminary Examination. Metabolites 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38392998 PMCID: PMC10890066 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a widely recognized neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a spectrum of symptoms including motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Neuroinflammation and dysregulation of adipokines are increasingly implicated in the progression of PD. This preliminary study investigated the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines, namely interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), visfatin, progranulin, and 25(OH)-vitamin D in 52 PD patients, divided equally between those with and without dyskinesia and 26 healthy controls. Significant differences in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, visfatin, and progranulin were noted between the groups. Patients with dyskinesia exhibited notably higher IL-6 levels compared to controls, and TNF-α was significantly elevated in both PD patient groups relative to the control group. Additionally, visfatin levels were higher in PD patients without dyskinesia as opposed to those with dyskinesia, and progranulin levels were elevated in the non-dyskinetic PD group compared to controls. The findings highlight the potential role of the examined biomarkers in the pathophysiology of PD. Changes in levels of the tested inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines might be associated with Parkinson's disease and its symptoms such as dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Milanowski
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Lisewska
- Medical Center "Neuromed", 14 Jana Biziela St., 85-163 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Lisewski
- Medical Center "Neuromed", 14 Jana Biziela St., 85-163 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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17
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Cavallo A, Neumann WJ. Dopaminergic reinforcement in the motor system: Implications for Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:457-472. [PMID: 38178558 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from dopamine-related disorders spanning disturbances in movement, cognition and emotion. These changes are often attributed to changes in striatal dopamine function. Thus, understanding how dopamine signalling in the striatum and basal ganglia shapes human behaviour is fundamental to advancing the treatment of affected patients. Dopaminergic neurons innervate large-scale brain networks, and accordingly, many different roles for dopamine signals have been proposed, such as invigoration of movement and tracking of reward contingencies. The canonical circuit architecture of cortico-striatal loops sparks the question, of whether dopamine signals in the basal ganglia serve an overarching computational principle. Such a holistic understanding of dopamine functioning could provide new insights into symptom generation in psychiatry to neurology. Here, we review the perspective that dopamine could bidirectionally control neural population dynamics, increasing or decreasing their strength and likelihood to reoccur in the future, a process previously termed neural reinforcement. We outline how the basal ganglia pathways could drive strengthening and weakening of circuit dynamics and discuss the implication of this hypothesis on the understanding of motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most frequent dopaminergic disorder. We propose that loss of dopamine in PD may lead to a pathological brain state where repetition of neural activity leads to weakening and instability, possibly explanatory for the fact that movement in PD deteriorates with repetition. Finally, we speculate on how therapeutic interventions such as deep brain stimulation may be able to reinstate reinforcement signals and thereby improve treatment strategies for PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cavallo
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf-Julian Neumann
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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So YJ, Lee JU, Yang GS, Yang G, Kim SW, Lee JH, Kim JU. The Potentiality of Natural Products and Herbal Medicine as Novel Medications for Parkinson's Disease: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1071. [PMID: 38256144 PMCID: PMC10816678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is steadily on the rise. PD demonstrates chronic and progressive characteristics, and many cases can transition into dementia. This increases societal and economic burdens, emphasizing the need to find effective treatments. Among the widely recognized causes of PD is the abnormal accumulation of proteins, and autophagy dysfunction accelerates this accumulation. The resultant Lewy bodies are also commonly found in Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting an increased potential for the onset of dementia. Additionally, the production of free radicals due to mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neuronal damage and degeneration. The activation of astrocytes and the M1 phenotype of microglia promote damage to dopamine neurons. The drugs currently used for PD only delay the clinical progression and exacerbation of the disease without targeting its root cause, and come with various side effects. Thus, there is a demand for treatments with fewer side effects, with much potential offered by natural products. In this study, we reviewed a total of 14 articles related to herbal medicines and natural products and investigated their relevance to possible PD treatment. The results showed that the reviewed herbal medicines and natural products are effective against lysosomal disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, key mechanisms underlying PD. Therefore, natural products and herbal medicines can reduce neurotoxicity and might improve both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with PD. Furthermore, these products, with their multi-target effects, enhance bioavailability, inhibit antibiotic resistance, and might additionally eliminate side effects, making them good alternative therapies for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin So
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Seung Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
- Da CaPo Co., Ltd., 303 Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si 55069, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.S.); (J.-U.L.); (G.-S.Y.); (G.Y.); (S.-W.K.)
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19
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Wu J, Wu W, Jiang P, Xu Y, Yu M. Identification of SV2C and DENR as Key Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease Based on Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, and Experimental Verification. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:6. [PMID: 38189881 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the potential biomarkers and therapeutic target genes for Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed four datasets (GSE8397, GSE20292, GSE20163, GSE20164) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expression analysis to select genes and perform functional analysis. We applied three algorithms, namely, random forest, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, to identify hub genes, perform functional analysis, and assess their clinical diagnostic potential using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We employed the xCell website to evaluate differences in the composition patterns of immune cells in the GEO datasets. We also collected serum samples from PD patients and established PD cell model to validate the expression of hub genes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our findings identified SV2C and DENR as two hub genes for PD and decreased in PD brain tissue compared with controls. ROC analysis showed effectively value of SV2C and DENR to diagnose PD, and they were downregulated in the serum of PD patients and cell model. Functional analysis revealed that dopamine vesicle transport and synaptic vesicle recycling are crucial pathways in PD. Besides, the differences in the composition of immune cells, especially basophils and T cells, were discovered between PD and controls. In summary, our study identifies SV2C and DENR as potential biomarkers for diagnosing PD and provides a new perspective for exploring the molecular mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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20
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Neuroactive steroids and Parkinson's disease: Review of human and animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105479. [PMID: 38007170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The greater prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in men suggest a beneficial effect of sex hormones. Neuroactive steroids have neuroprotective activities thus offering interesting option for disease-modifying therapy for PD. Neuroactive steroids are also neuromodulators of neurotransmitter systems and may thus help to control PD symptoms and side effect of dopamine medication. Here, we review the effect on sex hormones (estrogen, androgen, progesterone and its metabolites) as well as androstenediol, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) in human studies and in animal models of PD. The effect of neuroactive steroids is reviewed by considering sex and hormonal status to help identify specifically for women and men with PD what might be a preventive approach or a symptomatic treatment. PD is a complex disease and the pathogenesis likely involves multiple cellular processes. Thus it might be useful to target different cellular mechanisms that contribute to neuronal loss and neuroactive steroids provide therapeutics options as they have multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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21
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Troshev D, Kolacheva A, Pavlova E, Blokhin V, Ugrumov M. Application of OpenArray Technology to Assess Changes in the Expression of Functionally Significant Genes in the Substantia Nigra of Mice in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2202. [PMID: 38137024 PMCID: PMC10742853 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical to improve PD treatment. We used OpenArray technology to assess gene expression in the substantia nigra (SN) cells of mice in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD and in controls. Among the 11 housekeeping genes tested, Rps27a was taken as the reference gene due to its most stable expression in normal and experimental conditions. From 101 genes encoding functionally significant proteins of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, 57 highly expressed genes were selected to assess their expressions in the PD model and in the controls. The expressions of Th, Ddc, Maoa, Comt, Slc6a3, Slc18a2, Drd2, and Nr4a2 decreased in the experiment compared to the control, indicating decreases in the synthesis, degradation, and transport of dopamine and the impaired autoregulation of dopaminergic neurons. The expressions of Tubb3, Map2, Syn1, Syt1, Rab7, Sod1, Cib1, Gpx1, Psmd4, Ubb, Usp47, and Ctsb genes were also decreased in the MPTP-treated mice, indicating impairments of axonal and vesicular transport and abnormal functioning of the antioxidant and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in the SN. The detected decreases in the expressions of Snca, Nsf, Dnm1l, and Keap1 may serve to reduce pathological protein aggregation, increase dopamine release in the striatum, prevent mitophagy, and restore the redox status of SN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (D.T.); (A.K.); (E.P.); (V.B.)
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22
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Li J, Yu J, Guo J, Liu J, Wan G, Wei X, Yang X, Shi J. Nardostachys jatamansi and levodopa combination alleviates Parkinson's disease symptoms in rats through activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1175-1185. [PMID: 37559448 PMCID: PMC10416743 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2244176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Levodopa combined with traditional Chinese medicine has a synergistic effect on Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we demonstrated that Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. [syn. Patrinia jatamansi D.Don, N. grandiflora DC.] (Valerianaceae) (NJ) can alleviate PD. OBJECTIVE To explore the synergistic effect of NJ combined with levodopa against PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PD model was established by injecting rotenone. Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham, model, different doses of NJ (0.31, 0.62, or 1.24 g/kg) combined with levodopa (25 mg/kg), and levodopa alone (25 and 50 mg/kg) groups. The synergistic effect of the combination was investigated by pharmacodynamic investigation and detection of expression of nuclear factor erythro2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NLR family proteins containing Pyrin-related domain 3 (NLRP3) pathways. RESULTS Compared with the model group, NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increased the moving distance of PD rats in the open field (2395.34 ± 668.73 vs. 1501.41 ± 870.23, p < 0.01), enhanced the stay time on the rotating rod (84.86 ± 18.15 vs. 71.36 ± 17.53, p < 0.01) and the combination was superior to other treatments. The synergistic effects were related to NJ + levodopa (1.24 g/kg + 25 mg/kg) increasing the neurotransmitter levels by 38.80%-88.67% in PD rats, and inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 pathway by activating Nrf2 pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS NJ combined with levodopa is a promising therapeutic candidate for PD, which provides a scientific basis for the subsequent clinical combination therapy of levodopa to enhance the anti-PD effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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23
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Açar Y, Ağagündüz D, De Cicco P, Capasso R. Flavonoids: Their putative neurologic roles, epigenetic changes, and gut microbiota alterations in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115788. [PMID: 37913731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the degeneration of progressive dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra region of the human midbrain. Although just what causes PD remains a mystery, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuro-inflammation, and insufficient neurotrophic support play a role in the disease's pathophysiology. Phytochemicals are a diverse small molecule group derived from plants that can be classified into numerous classes on the basis of their biological activities and chemical structure. Of these groups of phytochemicals, the most abundant, which has well-established anti-Parkinson's effects, are polyphenols. Flavonoids, including naringin and naringenin, genistein, kaempferol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and baicalein are plant-based biologically active polyphenols, which have been shown to exhibit therapeutic potential when used as treatment for a variety of pathological illnesses, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and PD. Recently, it was reported that flavonoids have beneficial effects on PD, such as the protection of DA neurons, improvement of motor and cognitive abilities, regulation of signaling pathways, and modulation of OS and neuro-inflammation. In addition, by changing the composition of bacteria in gut microbiota, flavonoids reduce pathogenic strains and promote the growth of beneficial strains. In this context, the current paper will provide a literature review on the neurological roles that flavonoids play, as one of the most abundant phytochemical families, in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Açar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.
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24
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Troshev D, Bannikova A, Blokhin V, Pavlova E, Kolacheva A, Ugrumov M. Compensatory Processes in Striatal Neurons Expressing the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in Transgenic Mice in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16245. [PMID: 38003434 PMCID: PMC10671746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian striatum is known to contain non-dopaminergic neurons that express dopamine (DA)-synthesizing enzymes and produce DA, responsible for the regulation of motor function. This study assessed the expression of DA-synthesizing enzymes in striatal neurons and their role in DA synthesis in transgenic mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promoter in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We showed that, in Parkinsonian animals, the number of neurons expressing the TH gene increased by 1.9 times compared with the control (0.9% NaCl), which indicates a compensatory response to the DAergic denervation of the striatum. This assumption is supported by a 2.5-fold increase in the expression of genes for TH and transcription factor Nurr1 and a 1.45-fold increase in the expression of the large amino acid transporter 1 gene. It is noteworthy that, in Parkinsonian mice, in contrast to the controls, DA-synthesizing enzymes were found not only in nerve fibers but also in neuronal cell bodies. Indeed, TH or TH and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) were detected in GFP-positive neurons, and AADC was detected in GFP-negative neurons. These neurons were shown to synthesize DA, and this synthesis is compensatorily increased in Parkinsonian mice. The above data open the prospect of improving the treatment of PD by maintaining DA homeostasis in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (D.T.); (A.B.); (V.B.); (E.P.); (A.K.)
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25
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Gautam D, Naik UP, Naik MU, Yadav SK, Chaurasia RN, Dash D. Glutamate Receptor Dysregulation and Platelet Glutamate Dynamics in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Insights into Current Medications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1609. [PMID: 38002291 PMCID: PMC10669830 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. While the etiologies of AD and PD differ, both diseases share commonalities in synaptic dysfunction, thereby focusing attention on the role of neurotransmitters. The possible functions that platelets may play in neurodegenerative illnesses including PD and AD are becoming more acknowledged. In AD, platelets have been investigated for their ability to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides, contributing to the formation of neurotoxic plaques. Moreover, platelets are considered biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. In PD, platelets have been studied for their involvement in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key factors in the disease's pathogenesis. Emerging research shows that platelets, which release glutamate upon activation, also play a role in these disorders. Decreased glutamate uptake in platelets has been observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, pointing to a systemic dysfunction in glutamate handling. This paper aims to elucidate the critical role that glutamate receptors play in the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. Utilizing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, we reviewed how glutamate receptors dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative (ND) processes such as excitotoxicity, synaptic loss, and cognitive impairment. The paper also reviews all current medications including glutamate receptor antagonists for AD and PD, highlighting their mode of action and limitations. A deeper understanding of glutamate receptor involvement including its systemic regulation by platelets could open new avenues for more effective treatments, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gautam
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Ulhas P. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Meghna U. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- The Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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26
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Sosero YL, Bandres-Ciga S, Ferwerda B, Tocino MTP, Belloso DR, Gómez-Garre P, Faouzi J, Taba P, Pavelka L, Marques TM, Gomes CPC, Kolodkin A, May P, Milanowski LM, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Heutink P, van Hilten JJ, Simon DK, Eberly S, Alvarez I, Krohn L, Yu E, Freeman K, Rudakou U, Ruskey JA, Asayesh F, Menéndez-Gonzàlez M, Pastor P, Ross OA, Krüger R, Corvol JC, Koks S, Mir P, De Bie RMA, Iwaki H, Gan-Or Z. Dopamine pathway and Parkinson's risk variants are associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.28.23294610. [PMID: 37790572 PMCID: PMC10543218 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.23294610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common adverse effect of levodopa, one of the main therapeutics used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous evidence suggests a connection between LID and a disruption of the dopaminergic system as well as genes implicated in PD, including GBA1 and LRRK2. Objectives To investigate the effects of genetic variants on risk and time to LID. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analyses focused on GBA1 and LRRK2 variants. We also calculated polygenic risk scores including risk variants for PD and variants in genes involved in the dopaminergic transmission pathway. To test the influence of genetics on LID risk we used logistic regression, and to examine its impact on time to LID we performed Cox regression including 1,612 PD patients with and 3,175 without LID. Results We found that GBA1 variants were associated with LID risk (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.21-2.26, p=0.0017) and LRRK2 variants with reduced time to LID onset (HR=1.42, 95% CI=1.09-1.84, p=0.0098). The fourth quartile of the PD PRS was associated with increased LID risk (ORfourth_quartile=1.27, 95% CI=1.03-1.56, p=0.0210). The third and fourth dopamine pathway PRS quartiles were associated with a reduced time to development of LID (HRthird_quartile=1.38, 95% CI=1.07-1.79, p=0.0128; HRfourth_quartile=1.38, 95% CI=1.06-1.78, p=0.0147). Conclusions This study suggests that variants implicated in PD and in the dopaminergic transmission pathway play a role in the risk/time to develop LID. Further studies will be necessary to examine how these findings can inform clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Sosero
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T P Tocino
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dìaz R Belloso
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johann Faouzi
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, 51 Rue Blaise Pascal - BP 37203 35172 Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Lukas Pavelka
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tainà M Marques
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexey Kolodkin
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - David K Simon
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Shirley Eberly
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn Freeman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Uladzislau Rudakou
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Farnaz Asayesh
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuel Menéndez-Gonzàlez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- CREST, ENSAI, Campus de Ker-Lann, 51 Rue Blaise Pascal - BP 37203 35172 Bruz Cedex, France
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rob M A De Bie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes on Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Bispo AG, Silva CS, Sena-dos-Santos C, Dalledone Moura D, Koshimoto BHB, Santos-Lobato BL, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Cavalcante GC. Investigation of PRKN Mutations in Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2230. [PMID: 37626726 PMCID: PMC10452529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an important process that participates in mitochondrial quality control. Dysfunctions in this process can be caused by mutations in genes like PRKN and are associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The most used drug in the treatment of PD is levodopa (LD), but it can cause adverse effects, such as dyskinesia. Currently, few studies are searching for biomarkers for an effective use of lLD for this disease, especially regarding mitophagy genetics. Thus, this work investigates the association of 14 variants of the PRKN gene with LD in the treatment of PD. We recruited 70 patients with PD undergoing treatment with LD (39 without dyskinesia and 31 with dyskinesia). Genotyping was based on Sanger sequencing. Our results reinforce that age at onset of symptoms, duration of PD, and treatment and dosage of LD can influence the occurrence of dyskinesia but not the investigated PRKN variants. The perspective presented here of variants of mitophagy-related genes in the context of treatment with LD is still underexplored, although an association has been indicated in previous studies. We suggest that other variants in PRKN or in other mitophagy genes may participate in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabrielle Bispo
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Caio S. Silva
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Dafne Dalledone Moura
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Brenda Hanae Bentes Koshimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (D.D.M.); (B.H.B.K.); (B.L.S.-L.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (A.G.B.); (C.S.S.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (Â.R.-d.-S.)
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28
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di Biase L, Pecoraro PM, Carbone SP, Caminiti ML, Di Lazzaro V. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Therapy Management Strategies and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4427. [PMID: 37445461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first introduction, levodopa has become the cornerstone for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and remains the leading therapeutic choice for motor control therapy so far. Unfortunately, the subsequent appearance of abnormal involuntary movements, known as dyskinesias, is a frequent drawback. Despite the deep knowledge of this complication, in terms of clinical phenomenology and the temporal relationship during a levodopa regimen, less is clear about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning it. As the disease progresses, specific oscillatory activities of both motor cortical and basal ganglia neurons and variation in levodopa metabolism, in terms of the dopamine receptor stimulation pattern and turnover rate, underlie dyskinesia onset. This review aims to provide a global overview on levodopa-induced dyskinesias, focusing on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapy management strategies and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazzaro di Biase
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Brain Innovations Lab, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maria Pecoraro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Paola Carbone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Caminiti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psichiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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29
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Mendivil-Perez M, Felizardo-Otalvaro AA, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Velez-Pardo C. Cannabidiol Protects Dopaminergic-like Neurons against Paraquat- and Maneb-Induced Cell Death through Safeguarding DJ-1CYS 106 and Caspase 3 Independently of Cannabinoid Receptors: Relevance in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37220279 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder, has reached pandemic status worldwide. This neurologic disorder is caused primarily by the specific deterioration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Unfortunately, there are no therapeutic agents that slow or delay the disease progression. Herein, menstrual stromal cell-derived dopamine-like neurons (DALNs) intoxicated with paraquat (PQ2+)/maneb (MB) were used as a model system to elucidate the mechanism by which CBD protects the neural cell from apoptosis in vitro. According to immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, cell-free assay, and molecular docking analysis, we demonstrate that CBD offers protection to DALNs against PQ2+ (1 mM)/MB (50 μM)-induced oxidative stress (OS) by simultaneously (i) decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS: O2•-, H2O2), (ii) maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), (iii) directly binding to stress sensor protein DJ-1, thereby blunting its oxidation from DJ-1CYS106-SH into DJ-1CYS106-SO3, and (iv) directly binding to pro-apoptotic protease protein caspase 3 (CASP3), thereby disengaging neuronal dismantling. Furthermore, the protective effect of CBD on DJ-1 and CASP3 was independent of CB1 and CB2 receptor signaling. CBD also re-established the Ca2+ influx in DALNs as a response to dopamine (DA) stimuli under PQ2+/MB exposure. Because of its powerful antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, CBD offers potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Team, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratorio 412, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Andrea A Felizardo-Otalvaro
- Neuroscience Research Team, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratorio 412, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Team, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratorio 412, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Team, Institute of Medical Investigations, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Torre 1, Laboratorio 412, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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30
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo J, Raïch I, Muñoz A, Lillo A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Navarro G, Franco R. The cannabinoid CB 1 receptor interacts with the angiotensin AT 2 receptor. Overexpression of AT 2-CB 1 receptor heteromers in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114319. [PMID: 36632949 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is of particular interest the potential of cannabinoid and angiotensin receptors as targets in the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). While endocannabinoids are neuromodulators that act through the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, the renin angiotensin-system is relevant for regulation of the correct functioning of several brain circuits. Resonance energy transfer assays in a heterologous system showed that the CB1 receptor (CB1R) can directly interact with the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R). Coactivation of the two receptors results in increased Gi-signaling. The AT2-CB1 receptor heteromer imprint consists of a blockade of AT2R-mediated signaling by rimonabant, a CB1R antagonist. Interestingly, the heteromer imprint, discovered in the heterologous system, was also found in primary striatal neurons thus demonstrating the expression of the heteromer in these cells. In situ proximity ligation assays confirmed the occurrence of AT2-CB1 receptor heteromers in striatal neurons. In addition, increased expression of the AT2-CB1 receptor heteromeric complexes was detected in the striatum of a rodent PD model consisting of rats hemilesioned using 6-hydroxydopamine. Expression of the heteromer was upregulated in the striatum of lesioned animals and, also, of lesioned animals that upon levodopa treatment became dyskinetic. In contrast, there was no upregulation in the striatum of lesioned rats that did not become dyskinetic upon chronic levodopa treatment. The results suggest that therapeutic developments focused on the CB1R should consider that this receptor can interact with the AT2R, which in the CNS is involved in mechanisms related to addictive behaviors and to neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Morphological Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Facultad de Psicología Campus de Mundet Paseo de la Vall d'Hebron, 171 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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