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Agarwal A, Li X. LiCoO 2 impregnated nano-hierarchical ZSM-5 assisted catalytic upgrading of Kraft lignin-derived liquefaction bio-oil. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7019-7030. [PMID: 38511999 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Kraft lignin-derived bio-oil was upgraded with LiCoO2 or Co3O4-impregnated hierarchical nano-ZSM-5 catalysts. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2-Ads-Des, XRD, XPS, NH3-TPD, FTIR, FESEM and ICP-OES analyses. Upon incorporation of LiCoO2 and Co3O4 onto the HZSM-5 support, the MFI structure of HZSM-5 remained intact. All the catalysts displayed a combination of Type-I and -IV isotherms. The upgraded bio-oil showed a significant increase in the amounts of alkylated guaiacols owing to the reduction in unsubstituted guaiacols, alkenyl guaiacols, and homovanillic acid. Hydrogenation, alkylation, and deoxygenation were the plausible bio-oil upgrading pathways. With the increase in cobalt content, weak acidity decreased through all the catalysts, while LiCoO2 provided supplementary acid sites that increased the total acidity of LiCoO2/HZSM-5 compared to the Co3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst. LiCoO2/HZSM-5 with a low cobalt content (5% and 10% Co) displayed high selectivity for the production of alkylated guaiacols owing to their strong acidity. The upgraded bio-oils showed an increase in carbon and hydrogen followed by a decrease in oxygen content. The maximum higher heating value (∼29.83 MJ kg-1) was obtained for the 10% Co (LiCoO2)/HZSM-5 catalyst. In general, LiCoO2/HZSM-5 outperformed the Co3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst. XRD of the spent 10% Co (LiCoO2)/HZSM-5 suggested the complete loss of lithium from the catalyst with the retention of the MFI structure of the HZSM-5 support. In this study, it was successfully demonstrated that the main constituent of the cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries i.e. LiCoO2 could be employed to synthesize a novel and cheap catalyst for bio-oil upgrading while addressing the e-waste management issue in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Louyang, 471023, P.R. China.
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2
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Lee N, Lin KYA, Lee J. Carbon dioxide-mediated thermochemical conversion of banner waste using cobalt oxide catalyst as a strategy for plastic waste treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113560. [PMID: 35644496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of CO2 thermochemical agent and a metal oxide catalyst (Co3O4) on thermochemical banner waste conversion were explored. The results revealed that compared to the non-catalytic conversion of banner waste under N2 environment, the conversion under CO2 yielded more non-condensable gases owing to an enhanced thermal cracking of volatiles. In addition, the CO and CH4 yields at >700 °C in CO2 increased considerably owing to the reverse water-gas shift reaction and CO2 methanation. The CO2 agent reduced the yields of condensables (e.g., benzoic acids, phthalic acids, esters, biphenyls, fluorenes) and decomposition residue (e.g., char and wax), which could be attributed to the enhancement of the thermal cracking of volatiles evolved during the banner waste conversion by CO2 and the C-H and O-H bonds present in the feedstock. In addition, the Co3O4 catalyst promoted the decarboxylation reaction under N2 environment, whereas it promoted the methanation and reverse water-gas shift reaction under CO2. This indicates that compared to the non-catalytic CO2-assisted banner waste conversion, the use of CO2 for the conversion of banner waste in the presence of Co3O4 significantly increased the yields of CH4 and CO. Furthermore, Co3O4 promoted the thermal cracking of polyester bond, thus decreasing the yields of long-chain chemical compounds. In addition, the simultaneous use of Co3O4 catalyst and CO2 agent minimized the formation of char and wax. For all cases (N2 versus CO2, non-catalytic versus catalytic), an increase in temperature enhanced the total permanent gas yield and decreased the yields of condensables, char, and wax. The findings of this study revealed the importance of the synergistic use of Co3O4 catalyst and CO2 agent for the plastic waste upcycling, such as banner waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyeon Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Jechan Lee
- School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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3
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Sun Z, Yao D, Cao C, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhu H, Yuan Q, Yi B. Preparation and formation mechanism of biomass-based graphite carbon catalyzed by iron nitrate under a low-temperature condition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115555. [PMID: 35738129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphite is a widely used industrial material, which experienced a marked shortage caused by the growing demand for electrode anode material and the increased costs for raw material. Graphitic carbon from biomass is a promising approach that will result in low-cost and efficient preparation. Herein, Fe(NO3)3 was selected as the catalyst for pine sawdust, and the effects of temperature and iron content on the graphitization of biochar were investigated. Additionally, the formation mechanism of the graphitic crystallite structure was explored. Results showed that the formation of pyrolysis gas increased with the increase in the amount of catalyst added or pyrolysis temperature. The change in pyrolysis gas, such as H2 and CO, was a critical auxiliary factor reflecting the conversion process. As temperature was increased from 600 °C to 800 °C, the solid products showed high graphitization and low solid yield. Graphite structure mainly formed at 700 °C because of the formation of Fe nanoparticles. The increase in the amount of catalyst could provide more reaction sites and promote the contact between Fe and C, showing that amorphous carbon is dissolved on Fe nanoparticles and precipitated into ordered graphitic carbon. On this basis, a mechanism of "carbon dissolution-precipitation" was proposed to explain the formation of graphite structure, and the whole pyrolysis process included the transformation of the iron element were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuai Sun
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dingding Yao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Chengyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Zihang Zhang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Haodong Zhu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Baojun Yi
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Jennita Jacqueline P, Shenbaga Muthuraman V, Karthick C, Alaswad A, Velvizhi G, Nanthagopal K. Catalytic microwave preheated co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses: A study on biofuel production and its characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126382. [PMID: 34808319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, microwave pre-treatment has been used for sustainable biofuel production from three different biowastes through catalytic aided co-pyrolysis techniques. The experimental investigations have been carried out to develop biofuel at temperature (350-550℃), heating rate (15-50℃/min) and particle size (0.12-0.38 mm). The resultant biofuels were characterized using TGA, DTA, FE-SEM, FTIR spectroscopy and NMR spectrum. The pyrolysis process of biomasses without and with catalyst resulted in the yield rate of 29-37% and 39-51% respectively. Moreover, the CaO catalytic co-pyrolysis process of pomegranate peel, groundnut shell and palmcone wastes with a ratio of 50:50 at 0.25 mm particle size has resulted in the highest yield rate of 51.6%. The NMR result of bio-oil samples produced hydroxyl group and aliphatics which clearly state the suitability of bio-oils for automotive application. The bio-oil had promising fuel characteristics consisting more energy density (29.1 MJ/kg), less oxygen content and free of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jennita Jacqueline
- School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - V Shenbaga Muthuraman
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - C Karthick
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abed Alaswad
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, UK
| | - G Velvizhi
- Centre of CO(2) Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - K Nanthagopal
- Engine Testing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Sauer C, Lorén A, Schaefer A, Carlsson PA. Valorisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran over zeolite catalysts studied by on-line FTIR-MS gas phase analysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The valorisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran over zeolites under catalytic fast pyrolysis conditions was analysed by on-line FTIR-MS. BTX and olefins correlate and decrease with time on stream, whereas the isomerisation of 2,5-dimethylfuran increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lorén
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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6
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Tawalbeh M, Al-Othman A, Salamah T, Alkasrawi M, Martis R, El-Rub ZA. A critical review on metal-based catalysts used in the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass materials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113597. [PMID: 34492435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the technical aspects of improving the efficiency of the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials to increase the yield of the main products, which are bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. The latest aspects of catalyst development in the biomass pyrolysis process are presented focusing on the various catalyst structures, the physical and chemical performance of the catalysts, and the mode of the catalytic reaction. In bio-oil upgrading, atmospheric catalytic cracking is shown to be more economical than catalytic hydrotreating. Catalysts help in the upgrading process by facilitating several reaction pathways such as polymerization, aromatization, and alkyl condensation. However, the grade of bio-oil must be similar to that of diesel fuel. Hence, the properties of the pyrolysis liquid such as viscosity, kinematic viscosity, density, and boiling point are important and have been highlighted. Switching between types of catalysts has a significant influence on the final product yields and exhibits different levels of durability. Various catalysts have been shown to enhance gas yield at the expense of the yields of bio-oil and biochar that shift the overall purpose of pyrolysis. Therefore, the catalytic activity as a function of temperature, pressure, and catalyst biomass ratio is discussed in detail. These operational parameters are crucial because they determine the overall yield as well as the ratio of the oil, char, and gas products. Although significant progress has been made in catalytic pyrolysis, the economic feasibility of the process and the catalyst cost remain the major obstacles. This review concludes that the catalytic process would be feasible when the fuel selling price is reduced to less than US $ 4 per gallon of gasoline-equivalent, and when the selectivity of catalysts is further enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Salamah
- Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Malek Alkasrawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53, USA.
| | - Remston Martis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ziad Abu El-Rub
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan
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7
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Chen C, Qi Q, Zhao J, Zeng T, Fan D, Qin Y. Study on microwave pyrolysis and production characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris using different compound additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125857. [PMID: 34523553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis characteristics and bio-oil of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated under SiC and ZnO (SZ) mixture (compound additive) with various mixing ratios (S/Z = 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) and addition amounts (5%, 10%, 15%) by thermogravimetric analysis and GC-MS. At three experimental groups of 10% compound additive, as ZnO in compound additive increased, maximum weight loss rate (Rp) increased, the time (tp) corresponding to Rp and the weight stabilization time (tf) first decreased and then increased, while average rate of weight loss (Ra) and total weight loss (M) first increased and then decreased; maximum temperature rising rate (Hx) and average rate of temperature rising (Hg) increased, while the time (tx) corresponding to Hx decreased. Compound additives reduced the bio-oil yield, increased the gas yield, and reduced the acid compounds in bio-oil. Besides, it might promote the production of alicyclic hydrocarbons and oxygen/nitrogen-containing long-chain compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning City 530004, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou City 510640, China.
| | - Qianhao Qi
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Tianyang Zeng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Dianzhao Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
| | - Yuemei Qin
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, University Road 100, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City 530004, PR China
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8
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Tamoor M, Samak NA, Jia Y, Mushtaq MU, Sher H, Bibi M, Xing J. Potential Use of Microbial Enzymes for the Conversion of Plastic Waste Into Value-Added Products: A Viable Solution. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:777727. [PMID: 34917057 PMCID: PMC8670383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.777727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of commercial polymers composed of a mixture of polylactic acid and polyethene terephthalate (PLA-PET) in bottles and other packaging materials has caused a massive environmental crisis. The valorization of these contaminants via cost-effective technologies is urgently needed to achieve a circular economy. The enzymatic hydrolysis of PLA-PET contaminants plays a vital role in environmentally friendly strategies for plastic waste recycling and degradation. In this review, the potential roles of microbial enzymes for solving this critical problem are highlighted. Various enzymes involved in PLA-PET recycling and bioconversion, such as PETase and MHETase produced by Ideonella sakaiensis; esterases produced by Bacillus and Nocardia; lipases produced by Thermomyces lanuginosus, Candida antarctica, Triticum aestivum, and Burkholderia spp.; and leaf-branch compost cutinases are critically discussed. Strategies for the utilization of PLA-PET's carbon content as C1 building blocks were investigated for the production of new plastic monomers and different value-added products, such as cyclic acetals, 1,3-propanediol, and vanillin. The bioconversion of PET-PLA degradation monomers to polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers by Pseudomonas and Halomonas strains was addressed in detail. Different solutions to the production of biodegradable plastics from food waste, agricultural residues, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-accumulating bacteria were discussed. Fuel oil production via PLA-PET thermal pyrolysis and possible hybrid integration techniques for the incorporation of thermostable plastic degradation enzymes for the conversion into fuel oil is explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tamoor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia A. Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biofilm Centre, Aquatic Microbiology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Umar Mushtaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maryam Bibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, China
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9
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhao M, Feng X, Wang L, Yang H, Ma H, Zhou J. Effects of Torrefaction on the Lignin of Apricot Shells and Its Catalytic Conversion to Aromatics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25742-25748. [PMID: 34632230 PMCID: PMC8495837 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using apricot shell lignin as a raw material, the effects of torrefaction temperatures (160, 200, 240, and 280 °C) on the properties of torrefied products were studied, and the catalytic pyrolysis experiments of the torrefied lignin under the HZSM-5 catalyst were carried out. The results showed that the oxygen content in lignin was greatly reduced and the higher heating values (HHV) gradually increased, the absorption peak of oxygen-containing functional groups gradually became weaker, and the content of the β-O-4 bond gradually decreased. At 280 °C, the C/O ratio reaches the maximum value of 2.17, and the calorific value increases to 24.22 MJ/kg. The removed oxygen element is converted into oxygen-containing components in the gas (mainly CO2 and H2O) and liquid products (mainly guaiacol phenol). After catalytic pyrolysis of torrefied lignin, it was found that with the increase of torrefaction temperature, the relative content of aromatics increased first and then decreased slightly; the aromatics reached the maximum value of 60.63% at 240 °C; acids decreased significantly; ketones, aldehydes, and furans changed little; and torrefaction played a positive role in the conversion of lignin to aromatics.
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Renewable Diesel Production from Palm Fatty Acids Distillate (PFAD) via Deoxygenation Reactions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions to produce liquid biofuels from a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under hydrogen absence were carried out using 10 wt% NiO/zeolite (Ni/Zeo), 10 wt% Co3O4/zeolite (Co/Zeo), and 10 wt% (NiO + Co3O4)/zeolite (NiCo/Zeo) as catalysts. The zeolite was synthesized by a thermal and chemical treatment from natural clay, obtaining a zeolite A and sodalite mixture. Catalytic activity was evaluated as a function of reaction temperature (250, 300, and 350 °C) during 0.5 h and using 5 wt% of catalyst. The reaction products were classified as organic liquid products (OLPs), gaseous products, and solid waste. The OLPs fractions were separated by fractional distillation, and the products were identified and quantified using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). The results showed yields to OLPs above 50% for all catalysts and temperatures. However, the highest yield to OLPs of 67.9% was reached with a NiCoZeo catalyst at 300 °C. In this reaction, a higher yield to hydrocarbons was obtained (84.8%), indicating a cooperative effect between Ni and Co in the catalyst. Hydrocarbons such as heptadecane (C17H36), pentadecane (C15H26), and other alkanes-alkenes with lower carbon chains were the main products. Therefore, deoxygenation of PFAD using a low-cost Ni-Co catalyst was shown to be an economic and viable way to produce diesel-type biofuels.
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11
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Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapor Upgrading over γ-Alumina, Hydrotalcite, Dolomite and Effect of Na2CO3 Loading: A Pyro Probe GCMS Study. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of γ-alumina, hydrotalcite, dolomite and Na2CO3 loaded γ-alumina, hydrotalcite, dolomite on fast pyrolysis vapor upgrading of beechwood was investigated using an analytical pyro probe-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instrument (Py-GC/MS) at a temperature of 500 °C. Overall, this research showcased that these catalysts can deoxygenate biomass pyrolysis vapors into a mixture of intermediate compounds which have substantially lower oxygen content. The intermediate compounds are deemed to be suitable for downstream hydrodeoxygenation processes and it also means that hydrogen consumption will be reduced as a result of moderate in-situ deoxygenation. Among the support catalysts, the application of hydrotalcite yielded the best results with the formation of moderately deoxygenated compounds such as light phenols, mono-oxy ketones, light furans and hydrocarbons with a TIC area % of 7.5, 44.8, 9.8 and 9.8, respectively. In addition, acids were considerably reduced. Dolomite was the next most effective catalyst as γ-alumina retained most of the acids and other oxygenates. Na2CO3 loading on γ-alumina had a noticeable effect on eliminating more or less all the acids, enhancing the mono-oxy-ketones and producing lighter furans. In contrast, Na2CO3 loading on dolomite and hydrotalcite did not show a major impact on the composition except for further enhancing the mono-oxy-ketones (e.g., acetone and cyclopentenones). Additionally, in the case of hydrotalcite and γ-alumina, Na2CO3 loading suppressed the formation of hydrocarbons. In this research, the composition of pyrolytic vapors as a result of catalysis is elaborated further under the specific oxygenate groups such as acids, phenolics, furanics, ketones and acids. Further the catalysts were also characterized by BET, XRD and TGA analysis.
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12
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Zhang J, Gu J, Yuan H, Chen Y. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste mixed cloth for the production of value-added chemicals. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 127:141-146. [PMID: 33933871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, catalytic fast pyrolysis of waste mixed cloth in an ex-situ method using hierarchical HZSM and commercial CaO was investigated. Pyrolysis of waste mixed cloth in a temperature range of 450 °C to 750 °C mainly allowed for the formation of levoglucosan without any catalysts. The utilization of HZSM with Brønsted/Lewis acid sites on micro- and mesoporous structures significantly contributed to monocyclic/dicyclic chemicals production, mainly referring to monoaromatics and naphthalene-based derivatives, especially in the case of high heating rates and catalyst usages. Furthermore, CaO revealed strong deoxygenation performance for the transformation of waste mixed cloth into low oxygen-containing chemicals, such as ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatics. The present research thus highlights a feasible route for the catalytic upgrading of waste mixed cloth into some kinds of value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jing Gu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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13
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Chong YY, Ng HK, Lee LY, Gan S, Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S. Kinetics and mechanisms for catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch fibre and cellulose with oxides. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Ahmed MHM, Batalha N, Mahmudul HMD, Perkins G, Konarova M. A review on advanced catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen-rich feedstock: Insights into synergistic effect, catalyst development and reaction mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123457. [PMID: 32371033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the growing demand for alternative energy sources are the main drivers of biomass and carbonaceous waste utilization. Particularly, non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is the most attractive renewable feedstock due to its abundance. Pyrolysis of biomass produces highly oxygenated compounds with oxygen content >35 wt%. The cost-effective elimination of oxygen from the pyrolysis oil is the most challenging task impeding the commercialization of biomass to biofuel processes. The effective hydrogen/carbon ratio in biomass pyrolysis oil is low (0.3), requiring external hydrogen supply to produce hydrocarbon-rich oils. Exploiting hydrogen-rich feedstock particularly, solid waste (plastic, tyre and scum) and other low-cost feedstock (lubricant oil, methane, methanol, and ethanol) offer an eco-friendly solution to upgrade the produced bio-oil. Multi-functional catalysts that are capable of cleaving oxygen, promoting hydrogen transfer and depolymerisation must be developed to produce hydrocarbon-rich oil from biomass. This review compares catalytic co-pyrolysis studies based on zeolites, mesoporous silica and metal oxides. Furthermore, a wide range of catalyst modifications and the role of each feedstock were summarised to give a complete picture of the progress made on biomass co-pyrolysis research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M Ahmed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Nuno Batalha
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hasan M D Mahmudul
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Greg Perkins
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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15
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Li K, Bolatibieke D, Yang SG, Wang B, Nan DH, Lu Q. Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of soy sauce residue with HZSM-5 for co-production of aromatic hydrocarbons and supercapacitor materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23331-23340. [PMID: 35520334 PMCID: PMC9054630 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach is proposed for the efficient conversion of soy sauce residue (SSR) into aromatic hydrocarbons and a supercapacitor electrode material by ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) technology with HZSM-5. The thermal decomposition behaviors of SSR were first investigated via thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses. The ex situ CFP of SSR was conducted to elucidate the aromatic hydrocarbons production under different pyrolysis temperatures and HZSM-5-to-SSR (HZ-to-SSR) ratios using both Py-GC/MS and lab-scale instruments. The results indicated that the aromatic hydrocarbons reached the maximal yields of 22.20 wt% from Py-GC/MS with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 11 at 650 °C, and 17.61 wt% from the lab-scale device with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 2, respectively. The as-obtained yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was far higher than those obtained from typical lignocellulosic biomass materials, confirming that SSR is a promising material for aromatics production. The pyrolytic solid product collected with this method was further activated by KOH to synthesize N-doped activated carbon (NAC) for supercapacitors. The physicochemical analysis showed that NAC possessed N-incorporated hierarchical pores, and exhibited a promising capacitance of 274.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. A new method to co-produce aromatic hydrocarbons and a supercapacitor material from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of soy sauce residue has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Dana Bolatibieke
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Shi-Guan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Dong-Hong Nan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China +86-10-61772030
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Sun S, Wang Z, Cui D. Effect of CaO on Pyrolysis Products and Reaction Mechanisms of a Corn Stover. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10276-10287. [PMID: 32426584 PMCID: PMC7226874 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To better realize how CaO promoted the pyrolysis process of a corn stover, which was important for further development of its technology, various effects of calcium oxide (CaO) on the pyrolysis of the corn stover at different temperatures were studied. The pyrolysis of the corn stover mainly occurred at 90, 291, 335, and 385 °C, which were correspondent to the pyrolysis temperatures of water, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, respectively. Moreover, CaO was found to absorb some CO2 and H2O produced during the pyrolysis, as well as promote the occurrence of pyrolysis, and reduce the activation energy required for the reaction. According to the calculation of the activation energy, the optimal addition ratio of CaO and the corn stover should be between 1:2 and 1:1. The analysis of the release of pyrolysis gas showed that CaO had a beneficial effect on deacidification and the production of hydrocarbons and aromatic compound gas. When the addition ratio was 1:1, the release amount of the acidic substance was the lowest. When the ratio of CaO and the corn stover was 1:2, the release amount of H2O, CO2, and aromatic rings was at the maximum. The change of content of tri-state products generated during pyrolysis at different final temperatures was also studied by the pyrolysis experiment. The changes of functional groups in char were observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that with the addition of CaO, the content of H2O in char, and the absorption of CO2 increased, which generated alkaline substances, while reacting with acidic substances, and the thermal decomposition of acidic substances in the corn stover was promoted, which caused the pyrolysis reaction of the corn stover to occur in the positive direction. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, phenol and carboxylic acid became thermally resolved or neutralized. When the catalyst amount or temperature was gradually increased, the aliphatic group was steadily pyrolyzed while char increasingly became aromatized. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above experimental results, it was believed that the optimal addition ratio of CaO and the corn stover should be between 1:2 and 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- E-mail: . Phone: +86 432 64807366. Fax: +86 432 64807281
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17
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Bartoli M, Rosi L, Giovannelli A, Frediani P, Frediani M. Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:213-225. [PMID: 31409255 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19865342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive pruning residue is largely formed during cultivation, and is usually disposed through open-air combustion directly in the field, but this habit is a possible source of pollution. The pyrolytic conversion of olive pruning residue has been run in a new and very appealing way using microwave as a heating source and different microwave absorbers in a multimode batch reactor. In this way, olive residue is converted into interesting bio-chemical products with a short pyrolysis time, ranging from 15 to 36 min, and with a peak temperature ranging from 450 K to 705 K according to the different microwave absorber. Thus, a very efficient and selective system was realized, which was able to address the process towards the formation of a large amount of bio-char (up to 61.2%) or a high formation of bio-oil (56.2%) and gas (41.7%) with a very low formation of bio-char (2.1%). However, when carbon and iron were used as microwave absorbers, it was possible to obtain an intermediate amount of bio-char (26-30%) and bio-oil (40 wt%). Bio-oils were collected as dark-brown liquids with low viscosity and density. A bio-oil with a low water concentration was obtained using carbon or iron as the microwave absorber. The bio-oils formed in all experiments contained a very large amount of acetic acid, even when NaOH was the microwave absorber. Furthermore, a large amount of aromatics were present in the bio-oil obtained using carbon as the microwave absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Italy
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18
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Deng T, Yu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Ma X. Catalytic co-pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of camellia shell and take-out solid waste using pyrolyzer - gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric analyzer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122419. [PMID: 31761629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influences of operating temperature, catalyst types and mixing ratios on co-pyrolysis of camellia shell (CS) and take-out solid waste (TSW) were investigated through orthogonal experiments design. The target was to gain more aliphatic hydrocarbons and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and reduce the production of acids. According to orthogonal experiments results, higher temperature contributed to generate aliphatic hydrocarbons and inhibit formation of acids. Combined utilization of HZSM-5 and CaO was effective to obtain more MAHs and reduce acids. With the improvement of proportion of TSW, the yield of aliphatic hydrocarbons increased and acids decreased. The mixing ratio of CS and TSW was 3:7, 700 °C was chosen as operating temperature and combined utilization of HZSM-5 and CaO were identified. The apparent activation energy (Eave) of CS, TSW and their blends were calculated. 3CS7TSW had the lowest Eave which were 165.33 kJ/mol (by OFW) and 163.14 kJ/mol (by KAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Deng
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xikui Zhang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
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19
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Atanda L, Batalha N, Stark T, Tabulo B, Perkins G, Wang Z, Odedairo T, Wang L, Konarova M. Hybridization of ZSM‐5 with Spinel Oxides for Biomass Vapour Upgrading. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Atanda
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Nuno Batalha
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Terra Stark
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Ben Tabulo
- Northern Oil Refineries Pty Ltd Yarwun 4694 Australia
| | - Greg Perkins
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Taiwo Odedairo
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
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20
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Agarwal A, Park SJ, Park JH. Upgrading of Kraft Lignin-Derived Bio-Oil over Hierarchical and Nonhierarchical Ni and/or Zn/HZSM5 Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jae Park
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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21
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Moyer K, Conklin DR, Mukarakate C, Vardon DR, Nimlos MR, Ciesielski PN. Hierarchically Structured CeO 2 Catalyst Particles From Nanocellulose/Alginate Templates for Upgrading of Fast Pyrolysis Vapors. Front Chem 2019; 7:730. [PMID: 31737604 PMCID: PMC6831546 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically structured porous materials often exhibit advantageous functionality for many applications including catalysts, adsorbents, and filtration systems. In this study, we report a facile approach to achieve hierarchically structured, porous cerium oxide (CeO2) catalyst particles using a templating method based on nanocellulose, a class of renewable, plant-derived nanomaterials. We demonstrate the catalyst performance benefits provided by this templating method in the context of Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) which is a promising conversion technology to produce renewable fuel and chemical products from biomass and other types of organic waste. We show that variations in the porous structures imparted by this templating method may be achieved by modifying the content of cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, and alginate in the templating suspensions. Nitrogen physisorption reveals that nearly 10-fold increases in surface area can be achieved using this method with respect to commercially available cerium oxide powder. Multiscale electron microscopy further verifies that bio-derived templating can alter the morphology of the catalyst nanostructure and tune the distribution of meso- and macro-porosity within the catalyst particles while maintaining CeO2 crystal structure. CFP experiments demonstrate that the templated catalysts display substantially higher activity on a gravimetric basis than their non-templated counterpart, and that variations in the catalyst architecture can impact the distribution of upgraded pyrolysis products. Finally, we demonstrate that the templating method described here may be extended to other materials derived from metal chlorides to achieve 3-dimensional networks of hierarchical porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Moyer
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Davis R Conklin
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Calvin Mukarakate
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Derek R Vardon
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Mark R Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Peter N Ciesielski
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biosciences Center, Golden, CO, United States
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22
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Iftikhar H, Zeeshan M, Iqbal S, Muneer B, Razzaq M. Co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and polystyrene with ex-situ catalytic bed of metal oxides/HZSM-5 with focus on liquid yield. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121647. [PMID: 31212173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and polystyrene (PS) was conducted in a fixed bed reactor over microporous HZSM-5, mesoporous metal oxides (MgO, CaO) and their blends to examine the effect on pyrolytic liquid yields and quality. Though the catalyst addition decreased the liquid yield, improvement in mono-aromatic hydrocarbon yield with the least content of oxygenates was achieved in the catalytic trials. Results revealed that HZSM-5 showed maximum conversion efficiency of acids, furans and phenols acting as hydrocarbon source for aromatic production. Basic MgO, with acidic HZSM-5, was found to conduce better catalytic performance yielding improved oil quality compared to HZSM-5:CaO catalyst. Mass ratio of 1:3 HZSM-5:MgO exhibited most eminent synergistic effect with maximum (56.8 wt%) mono-aromatic hydrocarbon (MAH) yield and lowest (20.8 wt%) poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. Additionally, increased calorific value and density upgradation comparable to standard diesel fuel quality were observed in the presence of dual catalyst layout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Iftikhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Iqbal
- United States-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan
| | - Bushra Muneer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan
| | - Madiha Razzaq
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Campus, Islamabad (44000), Pakistan
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Chong YY, Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S, Ng HK, Lee LY, Gan S. Effect of oxide catalysts on the properties of bio-oil from in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch fiber. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:38-45. [PMID: 31229784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis is a potential technology for converting lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil. Nevertheless, the high amounts of acid, oxygenated compounds, and water content diminish the energy density of the bio-oil and cause it to be unsuitable for direct usage. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is able to improve bio-oil properties so that downstream upgrading processes can be economically feasible. Here, calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) were employed due to their potential in enhancing bio-oil properties. The results showed that overall, all three catalysts positively impacted the empty fruit bunch fibre-derived bio-oil properties. Among the catalysts, CaO showed the most favorable effects in terms of reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and anhydrosugar. Thermal stability of bio-oils produced in the presence of CaO was studied as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Yee Chong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Hoon Kiat Ng
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suyin Gan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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24
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Hydro-Pyrolysis and Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass and Its Hydroxy Residue Fast Pyrolysis Vapors. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12183474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus, its hydrolysis residue and lignin were carried with a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) followed by online vapor catalytic upgrading with sulfated ZrO2, sulfated TiO2 and sulfated 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2. The most evident influence of the catalyst on the vapor phase composition was observed for aromatic hydrocarbons, light phenols and heavy phenols. A larger amount of light phenols was detected, especially when 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2 was present. Thus, a lower average molecular weight and lower viscosity of bio-oil could be obtained with this catalyst. Pyrolysis was also performed at different pressures of hydrogen. The pressure of H2 has a great effect on the overall yield and the composition of biomass vapors. The peak area percentages of both aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclo-alkanes are enhanced with the increasing of H2 pressure. The overall yields are higher with the addition of either H2 or sulfated catalysts. This is beneficial as phenols are valuable chemicals, thus, increasing the value of bio-oil. The results show that the hydrolysis residue has the potential to become a resource for phenol production.
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25
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Chen X, Li S, Liu Z, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang X, Che Q, Chen W, Chen H. Pyrolysis characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass components in the presence of CaO. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121493. [PMID: 31112930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the reaction mechanism for the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the presence of CaO was examined using TG-FTIR and PY-GC/MS. Results indicated that, at low temperature (400-600 °C), in addition to H2O and CO2, acids and phenols from hemicellulose pyrolysis, sugars from cellulose pyrolysis and phenols from lignin pyrolysis would react with CaO. While, at elevated temperature (600 °C-800 °C), the catalytic effect of CaO was more obvious. In detail, in hemicellulose pyrolysis, CaO promoted the catalytic decarbonylation of ketones to form CO, and meanwhile, the formation of hydrocarbons was enhanced. For cellulose pyrolysis, the presence of CaO enhanced the ring-opening and dehydration reactions of sugars, and thus promoted the formation of light organics. As to the pyrolysis of lignin, CaO addition favored the radical reactions and thus increased the yield of CH4. In addition, those monohydric phenols with lower carbon numbers increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, 430074 Wuhan, PR China
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26
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Xia S, Li K, Xiao H, Cai N, Dong Z, Xu C, Chen Y, Yang H, Tu X, Chen H. Pyrolysis of Chinese chestnut shells: Effects of temperature and Fe presence on product composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121444. [PMID: 31096102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of Fe on biomass pyrolysis, Fe-catalyzed biomass pyrolysis in a fixed-bed reactor was investigated. It was found that the introduction of Fe increased the yields of gases and solid char while decreasing the yield of liquid oil. With increasing temperature, Hydrogen content in gaseous products obtained in the presence of Fe increased, while that of CH4 decreased. In the case of liquid oil, the introduction of Fe promoted the formation of ketones and acids at 400-600 °C, and these species became dominant (67.51%) at 700-800 °C. Finally, solid char obtained in the presence of Fe at 700-800 °C featured a larger pore volume, specific surface area, and graphitization degree, and was characterized by a mesoporous structure with narrow pores size distribution (∼5.3 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Kaixu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Haoyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Ning Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Zhiguo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GJ Liverpool, UK.
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Sophonrat N, Sandström L, Svanberg R, Han T, Dvinskikh S, Lousada CM, Yang W. Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of a Mixture of Polyvinyl Chloride and Cellulose Using Calcium Oxide for HCl Adsorption and Catalytic Reforming of the Pyrolysis Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanta Sophonrat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Sandström
- RISE Energy Technology Center AB, Box 726, SE-941 28, Piteå, Sweden
| | - Rikard Svanberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Dvinskikh
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 42, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cláudio M. Lousada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-114 28, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang M, Shao J, Yang H, Zeng K, Wu Z, Chen Y, Bai X, Chen H. Enhancing the production of light olefins and aromatics from catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose in a dual-catalyst fixed bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:77-85. [PMID: 30415072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of a macroporous catalyst (CaO), mesoporous catalyst (MCM-41), and microporous catalysts (ZSM-5 and SAPO-34) on the production of light olefins and aromatics from cellulose catalytic fast pyrolysis were investigated in a dual-catalyst fixed bed reactor. Further the fractional catalytic pyrolysis of MCM-41 or CaO with ZSM-5 or SAPO-34 was explored. The results showed that ZSM-5 was the most efficient catalyst for the formation of light olefins and aromatics followed by MCM-41, CaO and SAPO-34, and no aromatics were found with SAPO-34 only. Moreover, 15% CaO combined 85% ZSM-5 produced the highest yield of light olefins (5.59%) and aromatic (13.42%). The addition of CaO and MCM-41 promoted the selectivity of C2H4 and decreased the production of naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingai Shao
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 523000, China.
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kuo Zeng
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengshun Wu
- Chemistry College, Central China of Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaowei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Lin X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Sun J, Wang Q, Pittman CU. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of a wood-plastic composite with metal oxides as catalysts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:38-47. [PMID: 30343767 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic fast pyrolysis of a poplar wood-polypropylene composite (WPP) was investigated using Py-GC/MS in the presence of ZnO, CaO, Fe2O3 and MgO. The synergistic effects between wood and plastic components in both non-catalytic and ZnO-catalyzed pyrolysis of WPP were studied. CaO facilitated the removal of oxygen due to its strong basicity, eliminating carboxylic acids and phenols from the products, while slightly increasing cyclopentanones and alkenes. MgO has weaker deoxygenation but stronger chain scission activities versus CaO, and significantly enhanced the alkene yields. Alkene yields were highest using ZnO among the four catalysts. ZnO increased ketone and phenol yields while reducing carboxylic acids. Aromatics were identified in the presence of Fe2O3. A synergistic effect between poplar wood and PP in the uncatalyzed pyrolysis of WPP increased the yields of carboxylic acids, phenols and light alkenes, while it reduced carbonyl-containing oxygenates such as aldehydes, ketones and furans. The synergy in the ZnO-catalyzed pyrolysis of WPP further enhanced the formation of monomeric phenols and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Lin
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Jianping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Ding K, Zhong Z, Wang J, Zhang B, Fan L, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhong D, Chen P, Ruan R. Improving hydrocarbon yield from catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of hemicellulose and plastic in the dual-catalyst bed of CaO and HZSM-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:86-92. [PMID: 29654998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The high concentration of oxygenated compounds in pyrolytic products prohibits the conversion of hemicellulose to important biofuels and chemicals via fast pyrolysis. Herein a dual-catalyst bed of CaO and HZSM-5 was developed to convert acids in the pyrolytic products of xylan to valuable hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, LLDPE was co-pyrolyzed with xylan to supplement hydrogen during the catalysis of HZSM-5. The results showed that CaO could effectively transform acids into ketones. A minimum yield of acids (2.74%) and a maximum yield of ketones (42.93%) were obtained at a catalyst to feedstock ratio of 2:1. The dual-catalyst bed dramatically increased the yield of aromatics. Moreover, hydrogen-rich fragments derived from LLDPE promoted the Diels-Alder reactions of furans and participated in the hydrocarbon pool reactions of non-furanic compounds. As a result, a higher yield of hydrocarbons was achieved. This study provides a fundamental for recovering energy and chemicals from pyrolysis of hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ding
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Daoxu Zhong
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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31
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Zeng K, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Mei Y, Wang X, Yang H, Shao J, Li J, Chen H. Influence of torrefaction with Mg-based additives on the pyrolysis of cotton stalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:62-69. [PMID: 29653335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The study presented an approach to introduce Mg-based additives into cotton stalk for strengthening deoxygenation effect during torrefaction. Then catalytic pyrolysis of torrefied feedstock with Mg-based additives residue as catalyst was performed at 550 °C for 10 min in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200, 230, 260, 290, 320, 350 °C), type of Mg-based additive (MgO and MgO-K2CO3), mass ratio of additive to biomass (0.5, 1 and 2) on pyrolysis were investigated. The results indicated that yields of bio-char and bio-oil significantly increased and decreased with torrefaction temperature rising to 350 °C. MgO inhibited pyrolysis bio-char yield increase with torrefaction severity. MgO-K2CO3 increased H2 yield a lot from 1.39 to 3.67 mmol/g. It also effectively improved the aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oil and the reduction of acids. A maximum aromatic hydrocarbons yield of 16.05% was obtained with MgO-K2CO3 (the mass ratio of 0.5:1) at torrefaction temperature of 320 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Harvard China Project, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall G2B, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yanyang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, PR China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Jingai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
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32
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Vichaphund S, Sricharoenchaikul V, Atong D. Utilization of fly ash-derived HZSM-5: catalytic pyrolysis of Jatropha wastes in a fixed-bed reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1660-1672. [PMID: 27748642 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1244567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash-derived HZSM-5 catalyst was first applied in the catalytic pyrolysis of Jatropha residues in a semi-continuous fixed-bed reactor. The catalytic performance of HZSM-5 catalysts prepared from chemicals including conventional hydrothermal HZSM-5, Ni/HZSM-5 by ion exchange, and commercial HZSM-5 (Si/Al = 30) was evaluated for comparison. Catalytic pyrolysis of Jatropha residues with HZSM-5 catalysts was investigated in terms of product yields and qualities of bio-oil and bio-char. The liquid yield produced from fly ash-derived HZSM-5 was 29.4%, which was comparable to those obtained from chemicals and commercial (30.2-32.2%). Fly ash-derived HZSM-5 had high efficiency in increasing desirable compounds such as aliphatics and phenols as well as decreasing oxygenates and particularly N-containing compounds in bio-oils. The higher heating values and pH value of catalytic bio-oil achieved from fly ash-derived HZSM-5 were comparable to those achieved from HZSM-5 prepared from chemicals and commercial. The bio-char had 48-50 wt% carbon and was classified as mesoporous material. Overall, HZSM-5 derived from fly ash showed potentials to use as a catalyst for catalytic pyrolysis application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vichaphund
- a Ceramics Technology Research Unit , National Metal and Materials Technology Center , Pathumthani , Thailand
| | - V Sricharoenchaikul
- b Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
- c Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - D Atong
- a Ceramics Technology Research Unit , National Metal and Materials Technology Center , Pathumthani , Thailand
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33
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Pecha MB, Montoya JI, Ivory C, Chejne F, Garcia-Perez M. Modified Pyroprobe Captive Sample Reactor: Characterization of Reactor and Cellulose Pyrolysis at Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Brennan Pecha
- Biological
Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6120, United States
- The
Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6516, United States
| | - Jorge Ivan Montoya
- Biological
Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6120, United States
- Grupo
Tayea, Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cornelius Ivory
- The
Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6516, United States
| | - Farid Chejne
- Grupo
Tayea, Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Garcia-Perez
- Biological
Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6120, United States
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Gao L, Sun J, Xu W, Xiao G. Catalytic pyrolysis of natural algae over Mg-Al layered double oxides/ZSM-5 (MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5) for producing bio-oil with low nitrogen content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:293-298. [PMID: 27898320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria were catalytically pyrolyzed over Mg-Al layered double oxide/ZSM-5 composites (MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5) to produce bio-oil. MgAl-LDO/ZSM-5 with a Mg/Al molar ratio of four was proved to be the best catalyst. Under the optima condition that the final temperature was 823K, heating rate was 10K/min and catalyst/algae mass ratio was 0.75, a maximum yield of liquid (41.1%) was achieved at 823K with a heating rate of 10K/min and a catalyst/algae mass ratio of 0.75, which was much higher than the one obtained without catalyst. The element analysis results proved that this bio-oil had much lower O/C molar ratio and higher HHV. The GC-MS results showed that the bio-oil had less nitrogenous compounds. MgAl4-LDO/ZSM-5 was proved to be an applicable and effective catalyst to obtain bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of water-blooming algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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35
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Application, Deactivation, and Regeneration of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Bio-Oil Upgrading. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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36
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Sladkevich S, Dupont AL, Sablier M, Seghouane D, Cole RB. Understanding paper degradation: identification of products of cellulosic paper decomposition at the wet-dry "tideline" interface using GC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8133-8147. [PMID: 27628091 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose paper degradation products forming in the "tideline" area at the wet-dry interface of pure cellulose paper were analyzed using gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) and high-resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, LTQ Orbitrap) techniques. Different extraction protocols were employed in order to solubilize the products of oxidative cellulose decomposition, i.e., a direct solvent extraction or a more laborious chromophore release and identification (CRI) technique aiming to reveal products responsible for paper discoloration in the tideline area. Several groups of low molecular weight compounds were identified, suggesting a complex pathway of cellulose decomposition in the tidelines formed at the cellulose-water-oxygen interface. Our findings, namely the appearance of a wide range of linear saturated carboxylic acids (from formic to nonanoic), support the oxidative autocatalytic mechanism of decomposition. In addition, the identification of several furanic compounds (which can be, in part, responsible for paper discoloration) plus anhydro carbohydrate derivatives sheds more light on the pathways of cellulose decomposition. Most notably, the mechanisms of tideline formation in the presence of molecular oxygen appear surprisingly similar to pathways of pyrolytic cellulose degradation. More complex chromophore compounds were not detected in this study, thereby revealing a difference between this short-term tideline experiment and longer-term cellulose aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sladkevich
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la culture et de la communication, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP 21, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Michel Sablier
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la culture et de la communication, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP 21, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Seghouane
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Richard B Cole
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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37
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Liu S, Xie Q, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Chen P, Ruan R. Fast microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of corn stover and scum for bio-oil production with CaO and HZSM-5 as the catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 204:164-170. [PMID: 26773959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated fast microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of corn stover and scum for bio-oil production with CaO and HZSM-5 as the catalyst. Effects of reaction temperature, CaO/HZSM-5 ratio, and corn stover/scum ratio on co-pyrolysis product fractional yields and selectivity were investigated. Results showed that co-pyrolysis temperature was selected as 550°C, which provides the maximum bio-oil and aromatic yields. Mixed CaO and HZSM-5 catalyst with the weight ratio of 1:4 increased the aromatic yield to 35.77 wt.% of feedstock, which was 17% higher than that with HZSM-5 alone. Scum as the hydrogen donor, had a significant synergistic effect with corn stover to promote the production of bio-oil and aromatic hydrocarbons when the H/C(eff) value exceeded 1. The maximum yield of aromatic hydrocarbons (29.3 wt.%) were obtained when the optimal corn stover to scum ratio was 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Qinglong Xie
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Biochemical Engineering College, Beijing Union University, No. 18, Fatouxili 3 Area, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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Chen J, Liu C, Wu S, Liang J, Lei M. Enhancing the quality of bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis of kraft black liquor lignin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Black liquor is an attractive option for the generation of biofuel and fine chemical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Shubin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Jiajin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- PR China
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Grams J, Niewiadomski M, Ruppert AM, Kwapiński W. Catalytic performance of a Ni catalyst supported on CeO2, ZrO2 and CeO2–ZrO2 in the upgrading of cellulose fast pyrolysis vapors. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang B, Zhong Z, Min M, Ding K, Xie Q, Ruan R. Catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of biomass and food waste to produce aromatics: Analytical Py-GC/MS study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:30-35. [PMID: 25864028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, catalytic fast co-pyrolysis (co-CFP) of corn stalk and food waste (FW) was carried out to produce aromatics using quantitative pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and ZSM-5 zeolite in the hydrogen form was employed as the catalyst. Co-CFP temperature and a parameter called hydrogen to carbon effective ratio (H/C(eff) ratio) were examined for their effects on the relative content of aromatics. Experimental results showed that co-CFP temperature of 600 °C was optimal for the formation of aromatics and other organic pyrolysis products. Besides, H/C(eff) ratio had an important influence on product distribution. The yield of total organic pyrolysis products and relative content of aromatics increased non-linearly with increasing H/C(eff) ratio. There was an apparent synergistic effect between corn stalk and FW during co-CFP process, which promoted the production of aromatics significantly. Co-CFP of biomass and FW was an effective method to produce aromatics and other petrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qinglong Xie
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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41
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Effect of catalytic pyrolysis conditions using pulse current heating method on pyrolysis products of wood biomass. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:720527. [PMID: 25614894 PMCID: PMC4294310 DOI: 10.1155/2014/720527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of catalysts on the compositions of char and pyrolysis oil obtained by pyrolysis of wood biomass with pulse current heating was studied. The effects of catalysts on product compositions were analyzed using GC-MS and TEM. The compositions of some aromatic compounds changed noticeably when using a metal oxide species as the catalyst. The coexistence or dissolution of amorphous carbon and iron oxide was observed in char pyrolyzed at 800°C with Fe3O4. Pyrolysis oil compositions changed remarkably when formed in the presence of a catalyst compared to that obtained from the uncatalyzed pyrolysis of wood meal. We observed a tendency toward an increase in the ratio of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oil composition after catalytic pyrolysis at 800°C. Pyrolysis of biomass using pulse current heating and an adequate amount of catalyst is expected to yield a higher content of specific polyaromatic compounds.
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42
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Wang D, Li D, Liu Y, Lv D, Ye Y, Zhu S, Zhang B. Study of a new complex method for extraction of phenolic compounds from bio-oils. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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44
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Zhang B, Zhong Z, Ding K, Cao Y, Liu Z. Catalytic Upgrading of Corn Stalk Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Fresh and Hydrothermally Treated HZSM-5 Catalysts Using Py-GC/MS. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie404426x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Energy
Thermal Conversion and Control of the Ministry of Education, School
of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory
of Energy
Thermal Conversion and Control of the Ministry of Education, School
of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuan Ding
- Key Laboratory
of Energy
Thermal Conversion and Control of the Ministry of Education, School
of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory
of Energy
Thermal Conversion and Control of the Ministry of Education, School
of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Energy
Thermal Conversion and Control of the Ministry of Education, School
of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Veses A, Aznar M, Martínez I, Martínez JD, López JM, Navarro MV, Callén MS, Murillo R, García T. Catalytic pyrolysis of wood biomass in an auger reactor using calcium-based catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 162:250-258. [PMID: 24759640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wood catalytic pyrolysis using calcium-based materials was studied in an auger reactor at 450°C. Two different catalysts, CaO and CaO·MgO were evaluated and upgraded bio-oils were obtained in both cases. Whilst acidity and oxygen content remarkable decrease, both pH and calorific value increase with respect to the non-catalytic test. Upgrading process was linked to the fact that calcium-based materials could not only fix the CO2-like compounds but also promoted the dehydration reactions. In addition, process simulation demonstrated that the addition of these catalysts, especially CaO, could favour the energetic integration since a lowest circulation of heat carrier between combustor and auger reactor should be needed. An energy self-sustained system was obtained where thermal energy required for biomass drying and for pyrolysis reaction was supplied by non-condensable gas and char combustion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veses
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Aznar
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Martínez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J D Martínez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Grupo de Investigaciones Ambientales, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N(o)70-01, Bloque 11, Piso 2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J M López
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M V Navarro
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M S Callén
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Murillo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - T García
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), M. Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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46
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Liu C, Wang H, Karim AM, Sun J, Wang Y. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7594-623. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60414d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We summarize the development of catalysts and provide the current understanding of the chemistry for catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocelluloses biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Liu
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - Ayman M. Karim
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - Junming Sun
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman, USA
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil is an important technology to utilize lignocellulosic biomass, because the liquid bio-oil is regarded as a promising candidate of petroleum fuels. However, bio-oil is a low-grade liquid fuel, and required to be upgraded before it can be directly utilized in existing thermal devices. Catalytic cracking is an effective way to upgrade bio-oil, which can be performed either on the liquid bio-oil or the pyrolysis vapors. Various catalysts have been prepared and used for catalytic cracking, and they exhibited different catalytic capabilities. This paper will review the recent progress of the catalytic cracking of liquid bio-oil or pyrolysis vapors.
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48
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Catalytic Conversion of Bio-Oil to Oxygen-Containing Fuels by Acid-Catalyzed Reaction with Olefins and Alcohols over Silica Sulfuric Acid. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Zhang H, Xiao R, Jin B, Xiao G, Chen R. Biomass catalytic pyrolysis to produce olefins and aromatics with a physically mixed catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 140:256-62. [PMID: 23707913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite catalysts with micropores present good catalytic characteristics in biomass catalytic pyrolysis process. However, large-molecule oxygenates produced from pyrolysis cannot enter their pores and would form coke on their surfaces, which decreases hydrocarbon yield and deactivates catalyst rapidly. This paper proposed adding some mesoporous and macroporous catalysts (Gamma-Al2O3, CaO and MCM-41) in the microporous catalyst (LOSA-1) for biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The added catalysts were used to crack the large-molecule oxygenates into small-molecule oxygenates, while LOSA-1 was used to convert these small-molecule oxygenates into olefins and aromatics. The results show that all the additives in LOSA-1 enhanced hydrocarbon yield obviously. The maximum aromatic+olefin yield of 25.3% obtained with 10% Gamma-Al2O3/90% LOSA-1, which was boosted by 39.8% compared to that obtained with pure LOSA-1. Besides, all the additives in LOSA-1 improved the selectivities of low-carbon components in olefins and aromatics significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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