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Sharma S. Unraveling the role of long non-coding RNAs in therapeutic resistance in acute myeloid leukemia: New prospects & challenges. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1203-1221. [PMID: 39036603 PMCID: PMC11259994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fatal hematological disease characterized by the unchecked proliferation of immature myeloid blasts in different tissues developed by various mutations in hematopoiesis. Despite intense chemotherapeutic regimens, patients often experience poor outcomes, leading to substandard remission rates. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have increasingly become important prognostic and therapeutic hotspots, due to their contributions to dysregulating many functional epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms leading to alterations in cell expressions, resulting in increased chemoresistance and reduced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Through this review, I highlight and discuss the latest advances in understanding the major mechanisms through which lncRNAs confer therapy resistance in AML. In addition, I also provide perspective on the current strategies to target lncRNA expressions. A better knowledge of the critical role that lncRNAs play in controlling treatment outcomes in AML will help improve existing medications and devise new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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2
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Derkyi-Kwarteng L, Ghartey FN, Aidoo E, Addae E, Imbeah EG, Brown AA, Acquah S. A retrospective analysis suggests PTEN expression is associated with favorable clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21645. [PMID: 39284903 PMCID: PMC11405844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, crucial for cell growth and survival. Mutations or loss of PTEN are common in breast cancer, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Understanding PTEN's role is vital for targeted therapies. 276 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue blocks from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed for PTEN expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify and assess tumor related clinicopathological characteristics as well as patient demographics. These were statistically matched with PTEN expression. Only 27.5% of the breast cancer tumors were PTEN-positive. PTEN expression correlated significantly with smaller tumor size, lower tumor grade, positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and favorable/unfavorable Ki67 status (p < 0.001). No significant association was found with vascular invasion, histologic type, age, HER2 status, staging, or lymph node involvement (p > 0.05). The study confirms PTEN's association with favorable clinicopathological features in breast cancer, supporting its role as a prognostic marker. These findings underscore the importance of PTEN in breast cancer biology and its potential as a therapeutic target. Furthermore these findings confirm the prevalence of advanced stage and aggressive breast cancer tumors in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Derkyi-Kwarteng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Frank Naku Ghartey
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Eric Aidoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Addae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Gustav Imbeah
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ato Ampomah Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Acquah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Kutwin M, Sosnowska-Ławnicka M, Nasiłowska B, Lange A, Wierzbicki M, Jaworski S. The Delivery of Mimic miRNA-7 into Glioblastoma Cells and Tumour Tissue by Graphene Oxide Nanosystems. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:167-188. [PMID: 39280996 PMCID: PMC11402368 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s469193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of nanotechnology in medicine has gained attention in developing drug delivery systems. GO has the potential to deliver microRNA (miRNA) mimics or antisense structures. MiRNAs regulate gene expression and their dysregulation is implicated in diseases, including cancer. This study aims to observe changes in morphology, viability, mRNA expression of mTOR/PI3K/Akt and PTEN genes in U87, U118, U251, A172 and T98 glioblastoma cells and xenograft models after GO self-assembly with mimic miRNA-7. Methods Colloidal suspension of graphene oxide (GO) was used for obtaining the GO-mimic miRNA-7 nanosystems by self-assembly method. The ultrastructure, size distribution and ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis spectrum were analyzed. The Zeta potential was measured to verify the stability of obtained nanosystem. The entrapment efficiency, loading capacity and released kinetics of mimic miRNA-7 form GO-mimic miRNA-7 nanosystems were analyzed. The transfection efficiency into the glioblastoma cell lines U87, U118, U251, A172 and T98 of mimic miRNA-7 delivered by GO nanosystems was measure by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The changes at mRNA expression level of mTOR, PI3K, AKT1 and PTEN genes was measured by qPCR analysis. The xenograft model of U87 and A172 tumour tissue was performed to analyze the effect at tumor size and volume after GO- mimic miRNA-7 nanosystem administration. Results The ultrastructure of GO-mimic miRNA-7 nanosystems showed high affinity of mimic miRNA into the GO. The results of transfection efficiency, cell morphology and viability showed that GO -miRNA-7 effectively deliver mimics miRNA-7 into U87, U118, U251, A172 and T98 glioblastoma cells. This approach can reverse miRNA-7 expression's downstream effects and target the mTOR PI3K/Akt pathway observed at gene expression level, reducing xenograft tumour size and volume. Conclusion The findings of the study could have significant implications for the development of advanced and precise GO based nanosystems specifically designed for miRNA therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska-Ławnicka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Lee ZY, Lee WH, Lim JS, Ali AAA, Loo JSE, Wibowo A, Mohammat MF, Foo JB. Golgi apparatus targeted therapy in cancer: Are we there yet? Life Sci 2024; 352:122868. [PMID: 38936604 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking within the Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the intracellular transportation of lipids and proteins. Dysregulation of this process can give rise to various pathological manifestations, including cancer. Exploiting Golgi defects, cancer cells capitalise on aberrant membrane trafficking to facilitate signal transduction, proliferation, invasion, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Despite the identification of several molecular signalling pathways associated with Golgi abnormalities, there remains a lack of approved drugs specifically targeting cancer cells through the manipulation of the Golgi apparatus. In the initial section of this comprehensive review, the focus is directed towards delineating the abnormal Golgi genes and proteins implicated in carcinogenesis. Subsequently, a thorough examination is conducted on the impact of these variations on Golgi function, encompassing aspects such as vesicular trafficking, glycosylation, autophagy, oxidative mechanisms, and pH alterations. Lastly, the review provides a current update on promising Golgi apparatus-targeted inhibitors undergoing preclinical and/or clinical trials, offering insights into their potential as therapeutic interventions. Significantly more effort is required to advance these potential inhibitors to benefit patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hwei Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Sheng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afiqah Ali Ajmel Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Siau Ee Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alves Â, Medeiros R, Teixeira AL, Dias F. Decoding PTEN regulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Pathway for biomarker discovery and therapeutic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189165. [PMID: 39117092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common adult renal solid tumor and the deadliest urological cancer, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the predominant subtype. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway assumes a central role in ccRCC tumorigenesis, wherein its abnormal activation confers a highly aggressive phenotype, leading to swift resistance against current therapies and distant metastasis. Thus, treatment resistance and disease progression remain a persistent clinical challenge in managing ccRCC effectively. PTEN, an antagonist of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis, emerges as a crucial factor in tumor progression, often experiencing loss or inactivation in ccRCC, thereby contributing to elevated mortality rates in patients. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PTEN suppression in ccRCC tumors holds promise for the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, ultimately enhancing patient monitoring and treatment outcomes. The present review aims to summarize these mechanisms, emphasizing their potential prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic value in managing ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Alves
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine (FMUP), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Research Innovation and Development Institute (FP-I3ID), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer Northern Branch (LPCC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Bergez-Hernández F, Irigoyen-Arredondo M, Martínez-Camberos A. A systematic review of mechanisms of PTEN gene down-regulation mediated by miRNA in prostate cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34950. [PMID: 39144981 PMCID: PMC11320309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene (PTEN) is pivotal in regulating diverse cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival, mainly by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Alterations in the expression of the PTEN gene have been associated with epigenetic mechanisms, particularly the regulation by small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs. Modifications in the expression levels of miRNAs that control PTEN have been shown to lead to its underexpression. This underexpression, in turn, impacts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby influencing crucial mechanisms like proliferation and apoptosis, playing an important role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we aimed to systematically reviewed available information concerning the regulation of PTEN mediated by miRNA in PCa. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify studies assessing PTEN regulation via PCa miRNAs, the search included combination of the words microRNAs, PTEN and prostatic neoplasms. The quality assessment of the articles included was carried out using an adapted version of SYRCLE and CASP tool. Results We included 39 articles that measured the relative gene expression of miRNAs in PCa and their relationship with PTEN regulation. A total of 42 miRNAs were reported involved in the development and progression of PCa via PTEN dysregulation (34 miRNAs up-regulated and eight miRNAs down-regulated). Sixteen miRNAs were shown as the principal regulators for genetic interactions leading to carcinogenesis, being the miR-21 the most reported in PCa associated with PTEN down-regulation. We showed the silencing of PTEN could be promoted by a loop between miR-200b and DNMT1 or by direct targeting of PTEN by microRNAs, leading to the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and interactions with intermediary genes support apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in PCa. Conclusion According to our review, dysregulation of PTEN mediated mainly by miR-21, -20a, -20b, -93, -106a, and -106b up-regulation has a central role in PCa development and could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandra Martínez-Camberos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biología Molecular. Lic. en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Av del Mar 1200, Tellerías, 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Zhao Y. A novel mutation in PTEN in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A case report. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:127. [PMID: 39006510 PMCID: PMC11240280 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and accounts for a high proportion of thyroid cancer deaths. The present study reported on a 56-year-old male patient with ATC and examined the clinical manifestations, pathological features, differential diagnosis and genetic mutations. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for vimentin, Ki-67 and cytokeratin in the tumor specimen. In addition, pathological mitotic figures of tumor cells and intra-lymph node metastasis were observed. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of a novel mutation (c.388C>T, p.R130X) in exon 5 of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, which was first detected in ATC. Gene conservation analysis showed that R130 is a highly conserved amino acid. Protein structure model predictions implied that p.R130X mutation results in a severe defect of the C2 domain and the TAD domain of PTEN, which may be a reason for the high malignancy of the tumor. The present case report highlights a novel mutation of PTEN in ATC, which expands the molecular spectrum of PTEN and further underlines the importance of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041099, P.R. China
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8
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Jiang Q, Xiao J, Hsieh YC, Kumar NL, Han L, Zou Y, Li H. The Role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1610. [PMID: 39062182 PMCID: PMC11274428 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, representing a significant public health problem with a poor prognosis. The development of efficient therapeutic strategies for HNSCC prevention and treatment is urgently needed. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, growth, and cycle progression. Dysfunction in components of this pathway, such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of PTEN function, and gain-of-function mutations in AKT, are well-known drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review, we discuss the major mutations and dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in HNSCC. We highlight the results of clinical trials involving inhibitors targeting the PAM signaling pathway as a strategy for treating HNSCC. Additionally, we examine the primary mechanisms of resistance to drugs targeting the PAM pathway and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jingyi Xiao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Yao-Ching Hsieh
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Neha Love Kumar
- International Dentist Pathway, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Yuntao Zou
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (Q.J.)
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Sadlecki P, Walentowicz-Sadlecka M. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240976. [PMID: 38859878 PMCID: PMC11163159 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs) show intriguing characteristics distinguishing them from other ovarian tumours. The aim of the systematic review was to analyse the spectrum of molecular changes found in BOTs and discuss their significance in the context of the overall therapeutic approach. The systematic review included articles published between 2000 and 2023 in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane. After a detailed analysis of the available publications, we qualified for the systematic review: 28 publications on proto-oncogenes: BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, ERBB2, and PIK3CA, 20 publications on tumour suppressor genes: BRCA1/2, ARID1A, CHEK2, PTEN, 4 on adhesion molecules: CADM1, 8 on proteins: B-catenin, claudin-1, and 5 on glycoproteins: E-Cadherin. In addition, in the further part of the systematic review, we included eight publications on microsatellite instability and three describing loss of heterozygosity in BOT. Molecular changes found in BOTs can vary on a case-by-case basis, identifying carcinogenic mutations through molecular analysis and developing targeted therapies represent significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignancies. Molecular studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of BOT pathogenesis, but substantial research is still required to elucidate the relationship between ovarian neoplasms and extraneous disease, identify accurate prognostic indicators, and develop targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sadlecki
- Medical Department, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Polyclinical Hospital, Grudziadz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Walentowicz-Sadlecka
- Medical Department, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Polyclinical Hospital, Grudziadz, Poland
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Hwang SP, Denicourt C. The impact of ribosome biogenesis in cancer: from proliferation to metastasis. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae017. [PMID: 38633862 PMCID: PMC11023387 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, facilitating the adaptation to altered translational demands essential for various aspects of tumor progression. This review explores the intricate interplay between ribosome biogenesis and cancer development, highlighting dynamic regulation orchestrated by key oncogenic signaling pathways. Recent studies reveal the multifaceted roles of ribosomes, extending beyond protein factories to include regulatory functions in mRNA translation. Dysregulated ribosome biogenesis not only hampers precise control of global protein production and proliferation but also influences processes such as the maintenance of stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to cancer progression. Interference with ribosome biogenesis, notably through RNA Pol I inhibition, elicits a stress response marked by nucleolar integrity loss, and subsequent G1-cell cycle arrest or cell death. These findings suggest that cancer cells may rely on heightened RNA Pol I transcription, rendering ribosomal RNA synthesis a potential therapeutic vulnerability. The review further explores targeting ribosome biogenesis vulnerabilities as a promising strategy to disrupt global ribosome production, presenting therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sseu-Pei Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Bostan IS, Mihaila M, Roman V, Radu N, Neagu MT, Bostan M, Mehedintu C. Landscape of Endometrial Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Target Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2027. [PMID: 38893147 PMCID: PMC11171255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one the most prevalent gynecological cancers and, unfortunately, has a poor prognosis due to low response rates to traditional treatments. However, the progress in molecular biology and understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in tumor processes offers valuable information that has led to the current classification that describes four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancers, such as genetic mutations, defects in the DNA mismatch repair pathway, epigenetic changes, or dysregulation in angiogenic or hormonal signaling pathways. The preclinical genomic and molecular investigations presented allowed for the identification of some molecules that could be used as biomarkers to diagnose, predict, and monitor the progression of endometrial cancer. Besides the therapies known in clinical practice, targeted therapy is described as a new cancer treatment that involves identifying specific molecular targets in tumor cells. By selectively inhibiting these targets, key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression can be disrupted while normal cells are protected. The connection between molecular biomarkers and targeted therapy is vital in the fight against cancer. Ongoing research and clinical trials are exploring the use of standard therapy agents in combination with other treatment strategies like immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy to improve outcomes and personalize treatment for patients with endometrial cancer. This approach has the potential to transform the management of cancer patients. In conclusion, enhancing molecular tools is essential for stratifying the risk and guiding surgery, adjuvant therapy, and cancer treatment for women with endometrial cancer. In addition, the information from this review may have an essential value in the personalized therapy approach for endometrial cancer to improve the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Mihaila
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (V.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viviana Roman
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Nicoleta Radu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Biotechnology Department, National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry R&D of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Teodora Neagu
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marinela Bostan
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (V.R.)
- Department of Immunology, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Claudia Mehedintu
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-S.B.); (C.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050471 Bucharest, Romania
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Lawrence PJ, Burns B, Ning X. Enhancing drug and cell line representations via contrastive learning for improved anti-cancer drug prioritization. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:106. [PMID: 38762647 PMCID: PMC11102516 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to cancer's complex nature and variable response to therapy, precision oncology informed by omics sequence analysis has become the current standard of care. However, the amount of data produced for each patient makes it difficult to quickly identify the best treatment regimen. Moreover, limited data availability has hindered computational methods' abilities to learn patterns associated with effective drug-cell line pairs. In this work, we propose the use of contrastive learning to improve learned drug and cell line representations by preserving relationship structures associated with drug mechanisms of action and cell line cancer types. In addition to achieving enhanced performance relative to a state-of-the-art method, we find that classifiers using our learned representations exhibit a more balanced reliance on drug- and cell line-derived features when making predictions. This facilitates more personalized drug prioritizations that are informed by signals related to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Lawrence
- Biomedical Informatics Department, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, Lincoln Tower 250, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin Burns
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xia Ning
- Biomedical Informatics Department, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, Lincoln Tower 250, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1760 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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13
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Abdo AI, Kopecki Z. Comparing Redox and Intracellular Signalling Responses to Cold Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4885-4923. [PMID: 38785562 PMCID: PMC11120013 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma (CP) is an ionised gas containing excited molecules and ions, radicals, and free electrons, and which emits electric fields and UV radiation. CP is potently antimicrobial, and can be applied safely to biological tissue, birthing the field of plasma medicine. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) produced by CP affect biological processes directly or indirectly via the modification of cellular lipids, proteins, DNA, and intracellular signalling pathways. CP can be applied at lower levels for oxidative eustress to activate cell proliferation, motility, migration, and antioxidant production in normal cells, mainly potentiated by the unfolded protein response, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-activated antioxidant response element, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which also activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). At higher CP exposures, inactivation, apoptosis, and autophagy of malignant cells can occur via the degradation of the PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent and -independent activation of the master tumour suppressor p53, leading to caspase-mediated cell death. These opposing responses validate a hormesis approach to plasma medicine. Clinical applications of CP are becoming increasingly realised in wound healing, while clinical effectiveness in tumours is currently coming to light. This review will outline advances in plasma medicine and compare the main redox and intracellular signalling responses to CP in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Pumar OYT, Zanotelli MR, Lin MCJ, Schmitt RR, Green KS, Rojas KS, Hwang IY, Cerione RA, Wilson KF. A multiprotein signaling complex sustains AKT and mTOR/S6K activity necessary for the survival of cancer cells undergoing stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.03.522657. [PMID: 36711811 PMCID: PMC9881951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells encounter stresses during tumor progression and metastatic spread, however, how they survive these challenges is not fully understood. We now identify a mechanism for cancer cell survival through the discovery of a multiprotein signaling complex that includes the GTPase Cdc42, the Cdc42 GEF/effector protein Dock7, AKT, mTOR and the mTORC1 regulatory partners TSC1, TSC2, and Rheb. This pro-survival signaling complex sustains the activated state of AKT by preventing its dephosphorylation at Ser473 during serum starvation, resulting in a low but critical activation of a Raptor-independent mTOR/S6K activity. We demonstrate that the Dock7 DHR1 domain, previously of unknown function, is responsible for preserving AKT phosphorylation through an interaction requiring its C2-like motif. Collectively, these findings help address long-standing questions of how Cdc42 signals mTOR activation by elucidating the unique functions of its signaling partner Dock7 as an AKT regulator necessary for resistance to anoikis and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao-chong Joy Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kai Su Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katherine S. Rojas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Irene Y. Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A. Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kristin F. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Hammadi AH, Ali SH. Mutation of PTEN: Loss and Likelihood of Being a Non-responder to Trastuzumab in a Sample of Iraqi Her2+ Breast Cancer Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e54765. [PMID: 38524002 PMCID: PMC10961105 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PTEN controls upstream PI3K relatives, such as AKT. PTEN gene mutations have been documented to affect outcomes in main or distant malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). PTEN gene deletions are common in a variety of human cancers. A key factor in the response to this kind of therapy is genetic diversity. The purpose of this research is to determine whether a PTEN loss mutation influences a patient's propensity to not respond to trastuzumab (TRS) in cases of Her2+ BC. METHODS Diwaniya Teaching Hospital's oncology ward provided 60 patients with Her2+ BC who had been on TRS for at least 12 months for this study. Patients were split in half using the RECIST criteria for evaluating responses to therapy in solid tumors: responders and non-responders. A PTEN polyclonal primary antibody was used for the detection of PTEN in breast tissue in the current study. RESULTS This research employs a rating system based on eight specimens (26.67%) among non-responsive women who demonstrated PTEN loss compared with one specimen (3.33%) among responsive women. Statistically, PTEN loss varied significantly between the responsive and non-responsive groups. Loss of PTEN was also not linked to shifts in creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), troponin T (TnT), or any other biomarker, or troponin I (Tn1) at baseline or after 12 months of TRS therapy. These results give us important information about how PTEN deletion mutations might work as a predictor for TRS response in women with Her2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa H Hammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRQ
| | - Shatha H Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRQ
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16
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Majewska A, Brodaczewska K, Filipiak-Duliban A, Kieda C. Comparative analysis of the effect of hypoxia in two different tumor cell models shows the differential involvement of PTEN control of proangiogenic pathways. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:47-59. [PMID: 37459649 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, low, non-physiological oxygen tension is a key regulator of tumor microenvironment, determining the pathological tumor vascularization. Alleviation of hypoxia through vessel normalization may be a promising therapeutic approach. We aimed to assess the role of low oxygen tension in PTEN-related pathways and proangiogenic response, in vitro, in two different tumor cell lines, focusing on potential therapeutic targets for tumor vessel normalization. Downregulation of PTEN in hypoxia mediates the activation of distinct mechanisms: cytoplasmic pAKT activation in melanoma and pMDM2 modulation in kidney cancer. We show that hypoxia-induced proangiogenic potential was stronger in Renca cells than B16 F10-confirmed by a distinct secretory potential and different ability to affect endothelial cells functions. Therefore, the impact of hypoxia on PTEN-mediated regulation may determine the therapeutic targets and effectiveness of vessel normalization and intrinsic characteristics of cancer cell have to be taken into account when designing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majewska
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France
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17
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Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Ladd Z, Joneja U, Li Y, Spitz F, Hong YK, Gao T. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1331. [PMID: 38279330 PMCID: PMC10816436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are characterized by dysregulated signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor formation and progression. The efficacy of traditional therapies is limited, particularly in the treatment of PNETs at an advanced stage. Epigenetic alterations profoundly impact the activity of signaling pathways in cancer development, offering potential opportunities for drug development. There is currently a lack of extensive research on epigenetic regulation in PNETs. To fill this gap, we first summarize major signaling events that are involved in PNET development. Then, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of these signaling pathways in the context of both PNETs and commonly occurring-and therefore more extensively studied-malignancies. Finally, we will offer a perspective on the future research direction of the PNET epigenome and its potential applications in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zena Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Matthew C. Moccia
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Upasana Joneja
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Francis Spitz
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA; (Z.S.); (Z.L.)
- Camden Cancer Research Center, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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Tao Y, Dai L, Liang W, Li X, Lyu Y, Li J, Li Z, Shi Z, Liang X, Zhou S, Fu X, Hu W, Wang X. Advancements and perspectives of RBX2 as a molecular hallmark in cancer. Gene 2024; 892:147864. [PMID: 37820940 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a challenging issue for human health. One of the key methods to address this issue is by comprehending the molecular causes of tumors and creating medications that target those causes. RBX2 (RING box protein 2), also known as ROC2 (Regulator of Cullins 2), RNF7 (RING Finger Protein 7), or SAG (Sensitive to Apoptosis Gene) is a key component of the Cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) and overexpressed in various human cancers. RBX2 is a potential drug target, the expression of which correlates with tumor staging, grading, and prognosis analysis. Through a synergistically biological interaction with Kras mutation in preclinical models, RBX2 accelerated the progression of skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer. In accordance, the aberrant expression of RBX2 will lead to dysregulation of many signaling pathways, which is crucial for tumor initiation and growth. However, the impact of RBX2 on tumors also intriguingly demonstrates a spatial reliance manner. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of RBX2 in multiple cancer types and suggested a significant potential of RBX2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lirui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pituitary Adenoma Multidisciplinary Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wulong Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Junqi Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Zian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zimin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment Research, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Vargova D, Kolková Z, Dargaj J, Bris L, Luptak J, Dankova Z, Franova S, Svihra J, Slávik P, Sutovska M. Analysis of HIF-1α expression and genetic polymorphisms in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 29:1611444. [PMID: 38273861 PMCID: PMC10808674 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is mostly diagnosed incidentally and has relatively high recurrence rates. Alterations in VHL/HIF and mTOR pathways are commonly present in ccRCC. The present study attempted to identify potential diagnostic markers at the biochemical and molecular level. Methods: In total, 54 subjects (36 patients with ccRCC and 18 cancer-free controls) were enrolled. ELISA was used to measure the levels of HIF-1α in the tumor and healthy kidney tissue. The association between five selected SNPs (rs779805, rs11549465, rs2057482, rs2295080 and rs701848) located in genes of pathologically relevant pathways (VHL/HIF and mTOR) and the risk of ccRCC in the Slovak cohort was studied using real-time PCR. Results: Significant differences in HIF-1α tissue levels were observed between the tumor and healthy kidney tissue (p < 0.001). In the majority (69%) of cases, the levels of HIF-1α were higher in the kidney than in the tumor. Furthermore, the concentration of HIF-1α in the tumor showed a significant positive correlation with CCL3 and IL-1β (p (R2) 0.007 (0.47); p (R2) 0.011 (0.38). No relationship between intratumoral levels of HIF-1α and clinical tumor characteristics was observed. Rs11549465, rs2057482 in the HIF1A gene did not correlate with the expression of HIF-1α either in the tumor or in the normal kidney. None of the selected SNPs has influenced the susceptibility to ccRCC. Conclusion: More research is neccesary to elucidate the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of ccRCC and the association between selected SNPs and susceptibility to this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vargova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kolková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Dargaj
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Bris
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Luptak
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sona Franova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Svihra
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Slávik
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Sutovska
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Monti M, Benerini Gatta L, Bugatti M, Pezzali I, Picinoli S, Manfredi M, Lavazza A, Vanella VV, De Giorgis V, Zanatta L, Missale F, Lonardi S, Zanetti B, Bozzoni G, Cadei M, Abate A, Vergani B, Balzarini P, Battocchio S, Facco C, Turri-Zanoni M, Castelnuovo P, Nicolai P, Fonsatti E, Leone BE, Marengo E, Sigala S, Ronca R, Perego M, Lombardi D, Vermi W. Novel cellular systems unveil mucosal melanoma initiating cells and a role for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mucosal melanoma fitness. J Transl Med 2024; 22:35. [PMID: 38191367 PMCID: PMC10775657 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal Melanomas (MM) are highly aggressive neoplasms arising from mucosal melanocytes. Current treatments offer a limited survival benefit for patients with advanced MM; moreover, the lack of pre-clinical cellular systems has significantly limited the understanding of their immunobiology. METHODS Five novel cell lines were obtained from patient-derived biopsies of MM arising in the sino-nasal mucosa and designated as SN-MM1-5. The morphology, ultrastructure and melanocytic identity of SN-MM cell lines were validated by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenicity of SN-MM1-5 was tested by subcutaneous injection in NOD/SCID mice. Molecular characterization of SN-MM cell lines was performed by a mass-spectrometry proteomic approach, and their sensitivity to PI3K chemical inhibitor LY294002 was validated by Akt activation, measured by pAkt(Ser473) and pAkt(Thr308) in immunoblots, and MTS assay. RESULTS This study reports the validation and functional characterization of five newly generated SN-MM cell lines. Compared to the normal counterpart, the proteomic profile of SN-MM is consistent with transformed melanocytes showing a heterogeneous degree of melanocytic differentiation and activation of cancer-related pathways. All SN-MM cell lines resulted tumorigenic in vivo and display recurrent structural variants according to aCGH analysis. Of relevance, the microscopic analysis of the corresponding xenotransplants allowed the identification of clusters of MITF-/CDH1-/CDH2 + /ZEB1 + /CD271 + cells, supporting the existence of melanoma-initiating cells also in MM, as confirmed in clinical samples. In vitro, SN-MM cell lines were sensitive to cisplatin, but not to temozolomide. Moreover, the proteomic analysis of SN-MM cell lines revealed that RICTOR, a subunit of mTORC2 complex, is the most significantly activated upstream regulator, suggesting a relevant role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in these neoplasms. Consistently, phosphorylation of NDRG1 and Akt activation was observed in SN-MM, the latter being constitutive and sustained by PTEN loss in SN-MM2 and SN-MM3. The cell viability impairment induced by LY294002 confirmed a functional role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in SN-MM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these novel and unique cellular systems represent relevant experimental tools for a better understanding of the biology of these neoplasms and, as an extension, to MM from other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benerini Gatta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Histocompatibility Laboratory "Vittorio Mero", Department of Transfusion Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Pezzali
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Picinoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Zanatta
- Department of Pathology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Nederlands Kanker Instituut, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Zanetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bozzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Piera Balzarini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Battocchio
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-"ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia", Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Facco
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, ASST Sette-Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Turri-Zanoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, ASST Sette Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, ASST Sette Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Lombardi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Wani AK, Singh R, Akhtar N, Prakash A, Nepovimova E, Oleksak P, Chrienova Z, Alomar S, Chopra C, Kuca K. Targeted Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Axis: Potential for Sarcoma Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1496-1520. [PMID: 38265369 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575270904231129062137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical cancer target due to its central role in regulating key cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in the development and progression of bone sarcomas (BS) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS). PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have shown promising preclinical and clinical activity in various cancers. These agents can inhibit the activation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, thereby reducing the downstream signaling events that promote tumor growth and survival. In addition, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have been shown to enhance the efficacy of other anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The different types of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors vary in their specificity, potency, and side effect profiles and may be effective depending on the specific sarcoma type and stage. The molecular targeting of PI3K/Akt/mToR pathway using drugs, phytochemicals, nanomaterials (NMs), and microbe-derived molecules as Pan-PI3K inhibitors, selective PI3K inhibitors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors have been delineated. While there are still challenges to be addressed, the preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that these inhibitors may significantly improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the potential of these inhibitors as sarcoma therapeutics and to continue developing more selective and effective agents to meet the clinical needs of sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
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22
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Khalil MI, Ali MM, Holail J, Houssein M. Growth or death? Control of cell destiny by mTOR and autophagy pathways. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 185:39-55. [PMID: 37944568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the central regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism is the mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, which exists in two structurally and functionally different complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2; unlike m TORC2, mTORC1 is activated in response to the sufficiency of nutrients and is inhibited by rapamycin. mTOR complexes have critical roles not only in protein synthesis, gene transcription regulation, proliferation, tumor metabolism, but also in the regulation of the programmed cell death mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic mechanism in which damaged molecules are recycled in response to nutrient starvation. Emerging evidence indicates that the mTOR signaling pathway is frequently activated in tumors. In addition, dysregulation of autophagy was associated with the development of a variety of human diseases, such as cancer and aging. Since mTOR can inhibit the induction of the autophagic process from the early stages of autophagosome formation to the late stage of lysosome degradation, the use of mTOR inhibitors to regulate autophagy could be considered a potential therapeutic option. The present review sheds light on the mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways and the mechanisms of regulation of mTOR-autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 11072809, Lebanon; Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamad M Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jasmine Holail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Marwa Houssein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 11072809, Lebanon.
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23
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Ng HY, Ko JMY, Lam KO, Kwong DLW, Lo AWI, Wong IYH, Wong CLY, Chan SY, Chan KK, Law TT, Dai W, Fong HCH, Choy FSF, Lo CK, Chen C, Law SYK, Lung ML. Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamics as Prognostic Markers in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:1141-1150. [PMID: 37728901 PMCID: PMC10512170 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with frequent recurrence. There are unmet needs for prognostic biomarkers for dynamically monitoring disease progression and detecting minimal residual disease. Objective To examine whether circulating tumor DNA is clinically useful as a prognostic biomarker for ESCC recurrence and patient survival. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center, population-based cohort study consecutively enrolled 147 patients receiving curative (n = 74) or palliative (n = 73) treatment at the surgery and clinical oncology departments of Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong from August 1, 2016, to September 31, 2021. Patients were followed up for 2 years. Plasma samples were collected at different longitudinal time points for a prospective circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing profiling study of 77 actionable genes. Intervention Patients were treated with up-front surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery with or without adjuvant therapy, or palliative chemotherapy (CT). Main Outcomes and Measures Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 478 serial plasma samples from 147 patients with locoregional or metastatic ESCC were prospectively analyzed. Among the 74 patients in the curative group (median [range] age, 66 [46-85] years; 56 [76.0%] male), 44 (59.5%) relapsed and 36 (48.6%) died. For patients receiving curative surgical treatment, a high ctDNA level (hazard ratio [HR], 7.84; 95% CI, 1.87-32.97; P = .005) and ctDNA alterations (HR, 5.71; 95% CI, 1.81-17.97; P = .003) at 6 months postoperation were independently associated with poor OS. Among patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, postneoadjuvant ctDNA alterations were associated with poor PFS (HR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.17-8.52; P = .02). In the 73 patients in the palliative group (median [range] age, 63 [45-82] years; 63 [86.0%] male), 71 (97.3%) had disease relapse and 68 (93.2%) died. Detectable pre-CT NFE2L2 alterations were independently associated with PFS (HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.35-6.61; P = .007) and OS (HR, 28.39; 95% CI, 7.26-111.03; P = 1.52 × 10-6), whereas high ctDNA levels (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.18-4.95; P = .02) and alterations in pre-cycle III ctDNA (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.85; P = .04) showed weaker associations with PFS. Alterations in pre-CT ctDNA were independently associated with OS (HR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.86-10.69; P = 7.97 × 10-4). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study indicate that prognostic models incorporating ctDNA features are useful in ESCC. Both ctDNA level and NFE2L2 alterations pre-CT and before cycle III were found to be important prognostic factors in palliative groups, and ctDNA alterations after treatment and at 6 months after surgery may define high-risk groups for recurrence in the curative group. High-risk patients can benefit by a timely switch to the next therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yan Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Josephine Mun Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Dora Lai Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Anthony Wing Ip Lo
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ian Yu Hong Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Claudia Lai Yin Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Siu Yin Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwan Kit Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Tsz Ting Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Henry Chun Hung Fong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Faith Sin Fai Choy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Kit Lo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Simon Ying Kit Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People’s Republic of China
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24
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Soni UK, Jenny L, Hegde RS. IGF-1R targeting in cancer - does sub-cellular localization matter? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:273. [PMID: 37858153 PMCID: PMC10588251 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) was among the most intensively pursued kinase targets in oncology. However, even after a slew of small-molecule and antibody therapeutics reached clinical trials for a range of solid tumors, the initial promise remains unfulfilled. Mechanisms of resistance to, and toxicities resulting from, IGF-1R-targeted drugs are well-catalogued, and there is general appreciation of the fact that a lack of biomarker-based patient stratification was a limitation of previous clinical trials. But no next-generation therapeutic strategies have yet successfully exploited this understanding in the clinic.Currently there is emerging interest in re-visiting IGF-1R targeted therapeutics in combination-treatment protocols with predictive biomarker-driven patient-stratification. One such biomarker that emerged from early clinical trials is the sub-cellular localization of IGF-1R. After providing some background on IGF-1R, its drugging history, and the trials that led to the termination of drug development for this target, we look more deeply into the correlation between sub-cellular localization of IGF-1R and susceptibility to various classes of IGF-1R - targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra K Soni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Liam Jenny
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rashmi S Hegde
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Travis G, McGowan EM, Simpson AM, Marsh DJ, Nassif NT. PTEN, PTENP1, microRNAs, and ceRNA Networks: Precision Targeting in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4954. [PMID: 37894321 PMCID: PMC10605164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a well characterised tumour suppressor, playing a critical role in the maintenance of fundamental cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, and survival. Subtle decreases in cellular levels of PTEN result in the development and progression of cancer, hence there is tight regulation of the expression, activity, and cellular half-life of PTEN at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. PTENP1, the processed pseudogene of PTEN, is an important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulator of PTEN. PTENP1 expression produces sense and antisense transcripts modulating PTEN expression, in conjunction with miRNAs. Due to the high sequence similarity between PTEN and the PTENP1 sense transcript, the transcripts possess common miRNA binding sites with the potential for PTENP1 to compete for the binding, or 'sponging', of miRNAs that would otherwise target the PTEN transcript. PTENP1 therefore acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), competing with PTEN for the binding of specific miRNAs to alter the abundance of PTEN. Transcription from the antisense strand produces two functionally independent isoforms (PTENP1-AS-α and PTENP1-AS-β), which can regulate PTEN transcription. In this review, we provide an overview of the post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN through interaction with its pseudogene, the cellular miRNA milieu and operation of the ceRNA network. Furthermore, its importance in maintaining cellular integrity and how disruption of this PTEN-miRNA-PTENP1 axis may lead to cancer but also provide novel therapeutic opportunities, is discussed. Precision targeting of PTENP1-miRNA mediated regulation of PTEN may present as a viable alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glena Travis
- Cancer Biology, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (G.T.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- Cancer Biology, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (G.T.); (E.M.M.)
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ann M. Simpson
- Gene Therapy and Translational Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- Cancer Biology, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (G.T.); (E.M.M.)
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26
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Brodaczewska K, Majewska A, Filipiak-Duliban A, Kieda C. Pten knockout affects drug resistance differently in melanoma and kidney cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1187-1199. [PMID: 37673853 PMCID: PMC10539195 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is a tumor suppressor that is often mutated and nonfunctional in many types of cancer. The high heterogeneity of PTEN function between tumor types makes new Pten knockout models necessary to assess its impact on cancer progression and/or treatment outcomes. METHODS We aimed to show the effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Pten knockout on murine melanoma (B16 F10) and kidney cancer (Renca) cells. We evaluated the effect of PTEN deregulation on tumor progression in vivo and in vitro, as well as on the effectiveness of drug treatment in vitro. In addition, we studied the molecular changes induced by Pten knockout. RESULTS In both models, Pten mutation did not cause significant changes in cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo. Cells with Pten knockout differed in sensitivity to cisplatin treatment: in B16 F10 cells, the lack of PTEN induced sensitivity and, in Renca cells, resistance to drug treatment. Accumulation of pAKT was observed in both cell lines, but only Renca cells showed upregulation of the p53 level after Pten knockout. PTEN deregulation also varied in the way that it altered PAI-1 secretion in the tested models, showing a decrease in PAI-1 in B16 F10 Pten/KO and an increase in Renca Pten/KO cells. In kidney cancer cells, Pten knockout caused changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker expression, with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of Snail, Mmp9, and Acta2 (α-SMA). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed heterogenous cell responses to PTEN loss, which may lead to a better understanding of the role of PTEN in particular types of tumors and points to PTEN as a therapeutic target for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301, CNRS, 45071, Orleans, France
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27
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Sun Z, Arnouk H. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) Expression as a Surrogate Biomarker Correlated With the Depth of Invasion in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e45295. [PMID: 37846279 PMCID: PMC10576944 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which is a tumor suppressor gene that is implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, in normal skin and melanoma tissue samples. The study also aimed to correlate PTEN expression levels with various clinicopathological parameters of melanoma lesions, thus highlighting the utility of PTEN expression as a prognostic biomarker for melanoma. Study design Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarray samples representing normal skin and melanoma biopsies of different clinicopathological parameters. Tissue photomicrographs were evaluated with Aperio ImageScope, which has a positive-pixel-counting algorithm built in. Subsequently, a histochemical score (H-score) was derived from the percentage of positive cells (%-staining) and their staining intensity. The H-scores were averaged in groups of tissue samples representing the different melanomas' tumor (T), node (N), and distant metastasis (M), also known as TNM parameters, as set forth by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification. The mean H-scores were statistically compared using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Results The PTEN protein expression was measured by IHC and found to be correlated with tumor thickness (T), which is a reliable indicator for survival rates. Specifically, PTEN was significantly downregulated in tumors with a thickness over 2 mm (T3+T4) compared to tumors with a thickness at or below 2 mm (T1+T2). Conclusions The PTEN protein expression, as measured by immunohistochemistry, helped differentiate between tumors with a thickness over 2 mm and tumors with a thickness at or below 2 mm, suggesting PTEN as a potential surrogate marker for the melanoma's invasion depth along with possible prognostic implications. Longitudinal studies evaluating risk stratification based on the expression of PTEN are needed to establish the utility of this promising biomarker in the clinic as an adjunct for pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Sun
- Pathology, Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, USA
| | - Hilal Arnouk
- Pathology, Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, USA
- Pathology, Midwestern University College of Dental Medicine, Downers Grove, USA
- Pathology, Midwestern University Chicago College of Optometry, Downers Grove, USA
- Molecular Pathology, Midwestern University Precision Medicine Program, Downers Grove, USA
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28
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Caroleo AM, Rotulo S, Agolini E, Macchiaiolo M, Boccuto L, Antonelli M, Colafati GS, Cacchione A, Megaro G, Carai A, De Ioris MA, Lodi M, Tornesello A, Simone V, Torroni F, Cinalli G, Mastronuzzi A. SHH medulloblastoma and very early onset of bowel polyps in a child with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1228389. [PMID: 37692099 PMCID: PMC10483120 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1228389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by an increased risk of developing benign and malignant tumors, caused by germline pathogenic variants of the PTEN tumour suppressor gene. PTEN gene variants often present in childhood with macrocephaly, developmental delay, and/or autism spectrum disorder while tumors and intestinal polyps are commonly detected in adults. PHTS is rarely associated with childhood brain tumors with only two reported cases of medulloblastoma (MB). We report the exceptional case of an infant carrying a germline and somatic pathogenic variant of PTEN and a germline and somatic pathogenic variant of CHEK2 who developed a MB SHH in addition to intestinal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Caroleo
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rotulo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences Healthcare Genetics Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomina Megaro
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Ioris
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Lodi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Simone
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Lecce, Italy
| | - Filippo Torroni
- Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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29
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Sirhan Z, Alojair R, Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Therapeutic Implications of PTEN in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2090. [PMID: 37631304 PMCID: PMC10458395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the major human malignancies affecting both men and women worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent type. Multiple mechanisms have been identified that favor tumor growth as well as impede the efficacy of therapeutic regimens in lung cancer patients. Among tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in regulating cancer growth, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) constitutes one of the important family members implicated in controlling various functional activities of tumor cells, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Notably, clinical studies have also documented that lung tumors having an impaired, mutated, or loss of PTEN are associated with low survival or high tumor recurrence rates. To that end, PTEN has been explored as a promising target for anti-cancer agents. Importantly, the ability of PTEN to crosstalk with several signaling pathways provides new approaches to devise effective treatment options for lung cancer treatment. The current review highlights the significance of PTEN and its implications in therapeutic approaches against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (Z.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; (Z.S.); (R.A.)
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Marchioni A, Tonelli R, Samarelli AV, Cappiello GF, Andreani A, Tabbì L, Livrieri F, Bosi A, Nori O, Mattioli F, Bruzzi G, Marchioni D, Clini E. Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Targets of Primitive Tracheal Tumors: Focus on Tumors Derived by Salivary Glands and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11370. [PMID: 37511133 PMCID: PMC10379311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tracheal tumors are rare, constituting approximately 0.1-0.4% of malignant diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) account for about two-thirds of these tumors. Despite most primary tracheal cancers being eligible for surgery and/or radiotherapy, unresectable, recurrent and metastatic tumors may require systemic treatments. Unfortunately, the poor response to available chemotherapy as well as the lack of other real therapeutic alternatives affects the quality of life and outcome of patients suffering from more advanced disease. In this condition, target therapy against driver mutations could constitute an alternative to chemotherapy, and may help in disease control. The past two decades have seen extraordinary progress in developing novel target treatment options, shifting the treatment paradigm for several cancers such as lung cancer. The improvement of knowledge regarding the genetic and biological alterations, of major primary tracheal tumors, has opened up new treatment perspectives, suggesting the possible role of biological targeted therapies for the treatment of these rare tumors. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of knowledge regarding the molecular biology, and the preliminary data on target treatments of the main primary tracheal tumors, focusing on salivary-gland-derived cancers and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaia Francesca Cappiello
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Andreani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Livrieri
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bosi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Nori
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Otolaryngology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Otolaryngology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Ivanova M, Porta FM, Giugliano F, Frascarelli C, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Cursano G, Mazzarol G, Guerini-Rocco E, Curigliano G, Criscitiello C, Fusco N. Breast Cancer with Brain Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1160. [PMID: 37372340 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Brain metastases are a primary contributor to mortality, as they often go undetected until late stages due to their dormant nature. Moreover, the clinical management of brain metastases is complicated by the relevant issue of blood-brain barrier penetration. The molecular pathways involved in the formation, progression, and colonization of primary breast tumors and subsequent brain metastases are diverse, posing significant hurdles due to the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer subtypes. Despite advancements in primary breast cancer treatments, the prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor. In this review, we aim to highlight the biological mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastases by evaluating multi-step genetic pathways and to discuss currently available and emerging treatment strategies to propose a prospective overview of the management of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Porta
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Frascarelli
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Cursano
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzarol
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Vesaghhamedani S, Mazloumi Kiapey SS, Gowhari Shabgah A, Amiresmaili S, Jahanara A, Oveisee M, Shekarchi A, Gheibihayat SM, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Scutellarin, a promising flavonoid in cancer treatment. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:19-27. [PMID: 37080435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural substances are increasingly being used as cancer treatments. Scutellarin, as a flavonoid, recently has been identified in a Chinese herbal extract called Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.). Scutellarin is being researched for its potential benefits due to the discovery that it possesses a variety of biological effects, such as neuroprotective, anti-coagulant, and anti-viral. In addition to these biological functions, scutellarin has also been found to have anti-tumor properties. Scutellarin first inhibits the activity of tumor cells by altering cancer cell signaling pathways such as Jak/STAT, ERK/AMPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Additionally, scutellarin activates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, which causes the death of tumor cells, interrupts the cell cycle, and promotes its arrest. By limiting metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and other tumorigenic processes, scutellarin also reduces the aggressiveness of tumors. Utilizing scutellarin in combination with other anti-tumor therapies like 5-fluorouracil is another method to overcome tumor cell resistance. Moreover, it has been suggested that certain modifications, such as conjugation with cyclodextrin, aliphatic chains, and hybridization with nitric oxide, can enhance the pharmacogenetic capabilities of scutellarin to decrease its limited water solubility. It is believed that scutellarin may provide innovative chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Vesaghhamedani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Abbas Jahanara
- Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Maziyar Oveisee
- Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lu JG, Lo ET, Williams C, Ma B, Sherrod AE, Xiao GQ. Expression of high molecular weight cytokeratin-A novel feature of aggressive and innate hormone-refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate 2023; 83:462-469. [PMID: 36576021 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistance is common in advanced prostatic adenocarcinomas (PACs) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and usually occurs after 2 years following treatment. A minority of PACs confer innate ADT resistance without prior hormonal treatment. The expression of HMWCK in PAC cells has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic features of HMWCK-expressing PACs and the relationship to ADT resistance. METHODS A total of 469 PACs were studied for HMWCK expression (39 postradiotherapy, 57 post-ADT, 373 treatment-naïve PACs). Clinicopathologic correlations of the HMWCK expression with tumor grade groups, specific tumor morphologies, tumor stages and disease recurrence/persistence/progression were performed. Five HMWCK+ PACs were also sequenced for genetic alterations. RESULTS Thirty one of the 469 cases (6.6%) showed variable HMWCK+ PAC. The HMWCK+ PAC often focally presented in the tumor and vast majority were associated with high Gleason scores and unfavorable growth patterns (cribriform, comedo-necrosis, and intraductal carcinoma) as well as high tumor stages. A small percentage of the HMWCK+ PCA (2/31, 6.5%) presented with frank squamous histomorphology. Vast majority (22/31, 87%) had no history of prior ADT. The HMWCK+ PAC all displayed diminished to lost expression of AR/NKX3.1. Most of the cases progressed within 12 months of ADT or disease persisted despite ADT. Of the 5 HMWCK+ PACs subjected to gene sequencing, 4 presented with PTEN/PI3K/MAPK pathway alterations. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated HMWCK+ PAC to be a novel type of innate ADT-resistant PAC. Overexpression of HMWCK in PAC can be potentially used as a surrogate biomarker for aggressive and innate hormone-refractory PACs. The genetic alterations imply potential therapeutic implications of PI3K/MAPK inhibitors in the treatment of these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie G Lu
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily T Lo
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cleandrea Williams
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Ma
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andy E Sherrod
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guang-Qian Xiao
- Department of Pathology, LAC+USC and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Vidotto T, Melo CM, Lautert-Dutra W, Chaves LP, Reis RB, Squire JA. Pan-cancer genomic analysis shows hemizygous PTEN loss tumors are associated with immune evasion and poor outcome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5049. [PMID: 36977733 PMCID: PMC10050165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In tumors, somatic mutations of the PTEN suppressor gene are associated with advanced disease, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. PTEN loss of function may occur by inactivating mutation, by deletion, either affecting one copy (hemizygous loss) leading to reduced gene expression or loss of both copies (homozygous) with expression absent. Various murine models have shown that minor reductions in PTEN protein levels strongly influence tumorigenesis. Most PTEN biomarker assays dichotomize PTEN (i.e. presence vs. absence) ignoring the role of one copy loss. We performed a PTEN copy number analysis of 9793 TCGA cases from 30 different tumor types. There were 419 (4.28%) homozygous and 2484 (25.37%) hemizygous PTEN losses. Hemizygous deletions led to reduced PTEN gene expression, accompanied by increased levels of instability and aneuploidy across tumor genomes. Outcome analysis of the pan-cancer cohort showed that losing one copy of PTEN reduced survival to comparable levels as complete loss, and was associated with transcriptomic changes controlling immune response and the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell abundances were significantly altered for PTEN loss, with changes in head and neck, cervix, stomach, prostate, brain, and colon more evident in hemizygous loss tumors. These data suggest that reduced expression of PTEN in tumors with hemizygous loss leads to tumor progression and influences anticancer immune response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C M Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - W Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L P Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - R B Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - J A Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Characteristics of PTEN Mutation in Thyroid Tumours: A Retrospective Chart Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051575. [PMID: 36900366 PMCID: PMC10001390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While some studies suggest that PTEN mutations correlate with a low-risk phenotype in pediatric thyroid nodules, the relationship between the mutation and malignancy in the adult populations is abstruse. This study investigated whether PTEN mutations result in thyroid malignancy, and whether these malignancies are aggressive. This multicenter study involved 316 patients who underwent preoperative molecular testing, and subsequent lobectomy or total thyroidectomy at two quaternary care hospitals. A four-year retrospective review was performed on the 16 charts of patients that opted for surgery following a positive PTEN mutation on molecular testing results from January 2018 to December 2021. Of the total 16 patients, 37.5% (n = 6) had malignant tumours, 18.75% (n = 3) had non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs), and 43.75% (n = 7) had benign disease. Aggressive features were detected in 33.33% of the malignant tumours. Malignant tumours were found to have a statistically significant higher allele frequency (AF). The aggressive nodules were all poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs) with copy number alterations (CNAs) and the highest AFs.
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Zhang X, Wang A, Han L, Liang B, Allard G, Diver E, Howitt BE. PTEN Deficiency in Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma is Associated with Poor Progression-Free Survival and is Mutually Exclusive with CCNE1 Amplification. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100106. [PMID: 36805789 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As a critical tumor suppressor, PTEN has gained much attention in cancer research. Emerging evidence suggests an association between PTEN status and clinical outcome in certain tumors, and may be predictive of response to several therapies. However, the significance of PTEN deficiency in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) is still poorly understood. We evaluated PTEN expression in HGSCs and determined its clinical relevance. A cohort of 76 HGSC specimens was profiled using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of PTEN, ER, PR, AR, CD8, FOXP3, and PD-L1 was performed. Targeted gene panel testing by massively parallel sequencing was performed in 51 cases. PTEN deficiency (complete or subclonal loss) detected by IHC was identified in 13 of the 62 HGSCs (21%) and was significantly correlated with reduced expression of ER and worse first progression-free survival (P < .05) but not with PD-L1 expression, the density of intratumoral T lymphocytes, or overall survival. In our cohort, tumor progression within 1 year of PARP inhibitor therapy was found more frequently in PTEN-deficient cases than in PTEN-intact cases (100% vs 52%). Molecular profiling showed that intragenic mutation or deletion was not the predominant mechanism for PTEN inactivation in HGSCs. In addition, CCNE1 amplification was found to be mutually exclusive with PTEN deficiency at both protein and DNA levels. An analysis of the genomic data from 1702 HGSC samples deposited with The Cancer Genome Atlas database obtained from cBioPortal confirmed the low rate of detection of PTEN gene alterations and the mutually exclusive nature of PTEN loss and CCNE1 amplification in HGSCs. These findings indicate that PTEN deficiency defines a distinct clinically significant subgroup of HGSCs with a tendency for ER negativity, wild-type CCNE1 status, inferior clinical outcomes, and potential drug resistance. These tumors may benefit from PI3K pathway inhibitors in combination with other ovarian cancer regimens, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lucy Han
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Pathology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Brooke Liang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Grace Allard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Elisabeth Diver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ImmunoGen, Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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Sharma A, Rahman G, Gorelik J, Bhargava A. Voltage-Gated T-Type Calcium Channel Modulation by Kinases and Phosphatases: The Old Ones, the New Ones, and the Missing Ones. Cells 2023; 12:461. [PMID: 36766802 PMCID: PMC9913649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) can regulate a wide variety of cellular fates, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. More importantly, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ level can modulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of physiological as well as pathological cellular events, including those important to cellular excitability, cell cycle, gene-transcription, contraction, cancer progression, etc. Not only intracellular Ca2+ level but the distribution of Ca2+ in the intracellular compartments is also a highly regulated process. For this Ca2+ homeostasis, numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required. There are also specialized proteins that are responsible for buffering and transport of Ca2+. T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) are one of those specialized proteins which play a key role in the signal transduction of many excitable and non-excitable cell types. TTCCs are low-voltage activated channels that belong to the family of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Over decades, multiple kinases and phosphatases have been shown to modulate the activity of TTCCs, thus playing an indirect role in maintaining cellular physiology. In this review, we provide information on the kinase and phosphatase modulation of TTCC isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3, which are mostly described for roles unrelated to cellular excitability. We also describe possible potential modulations that are yet to be explored. For example, both mitogen-activated protein kinase and citron kinase show affinity for different TTCC isoforms; however, the effect of such interaction on TTCC current/kinetics has not been studied yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Ghazala Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
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Chen QY, Gao B, Tong D, Huang C. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215979. [PMID: 36306939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In concert with hijacking key genes to drive tumor progression, cancer cells also have the unique ability to dynamically interact with host microenvironment and discreetly manipulate the surrounding stroma, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), to provide optimal conditions for tumor cells to thrive and evade host immunity. Complex cellular crosstalk and molecular signaling between cancer cells, surrounding non-malignant cells, and non-cellular components are involved in this process. While intercellular communication traditionally centers around chemokines, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, emerging pathways involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention. The immunosuppressive TME is created and maintained in part by the large abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs), which are associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and have emerged as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. TMAs are highly dynamic, and can be polarized into either M1 or M2-like macrophages. EVs are efficient cell-cell communication molecules that have been catapulted to the center of TMA polarization. In this article, we provide detailed examination of the determinative role of EVs in sustaining the TME through mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Environmenta and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Nithya G, Santhanasabapathy R, Vanitha MK, Anandakumar P, Sakthisekaran D. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene-induced experimental lung cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23230. [PMID: 36193556 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that increased consumption of phytochemicals is a comparatively easy and practical strategy to significantly decrease the incidence of cancer. In the present study, we have reported the protective effect of a natural compound, thymoquinone (TQ) against benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice weekly for four successive weeks and left until 20 weeks to induce lung cancer in mice. TQ (20 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as a pretreatment and posttreatment drug to determine its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. B(a)P-induced lung cancer-bearing animals displayed cachexia-like symptoms along with an abnormal increase in lung weight and the activities of marker enzymes adenosine deaminase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase and lactate dehydrogenase; tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Furthermore, B(a)P-induced animals showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with subsequent depletion in the antioxidant status and histological aberrations. These anomalies were accompanied by increased expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 in the lung sections derived from B(a)P-induced animals. On TQ treatment, all the above alterations were returned to near normalcy. Furthermore, TQ administration in B(a)P-induced animals downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and induced apoptosis as evidenced by a decrease in cytochrome c, proapoptotic Bax, caspase-3, and p53 with a parallel increase in antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Our present results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of TQ as an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic agent against B(a)P-induced experimental lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendran Nithya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manickam Kalappan Vanitha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dhanapalan Sakthisekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Viennet T, Rodriguez Ospina S, Lu Y, Cui A, Arthanari H, Dempsey DR. Chemical and structural approaches to investigate PTEN function and regulation. Methods Enzymol 2022; 682:289-318. [PMID: 36948705 PMCID: PMC10037535 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog is a lipid phosphatase that serves as the major negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. It catalyzes the 3'-specific dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) to generate PIP2. PTEN's lipid phosphatase function depends on several domains, including an N-terminal segment spanning the first 24 amino acids, which results in a catalytically impaired enzyme when mutated. Furthermore, PTEN is regulated by a cluster of phosphorylation sites located on its C-terminal tail at Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, and Ser385, which drives its conformation from an open to a closed autoinhibited but stable state. Herein, we discuss the protein chemical strategies we used to reveal the structure and mechanism of how PTEN's terminal regions govern its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Viennet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yunqi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel R Dempsey
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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The Genetic Architecture of Vascular Anomalies: Current Data and Future Therapeutic Perspectives Correlated with Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012199. [PMID: 36293054 PMCID: PMC9603778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular anomalies (VAs) are morphogenesis defects of the vascular system (arteries, capillaries, veins, lymphatic vessels) singularly or in complex combinations, sometimes with a severe impact on the quality of life. The progress made in recent years with the identification of the key molecular pathways (PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/BRAF/MAPK/ERK) and the gene mutations that lead to the appearance of VAs has allowed the deciphering of their complex genetic architecture. Understanding these mechanisms is critical both for the correct definition of the phenotype and classification of VAs, as well as for the initiation of an optimal therapy and the development of new targeted therapies. The purpose of this review is to present in synthesis the current data related to the genetic factors involved in the etiology of VAs, as well as the possible directions for future research. We analyzed the data from the literature related to VAs, using databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, OMIM, MedGen, Orphanet) and ClinicalTrials.gov. The obtained results revealed that the phenotypic variability of VAs is correlated with genetic heterogeneity. The identification of new genetic factors and the molecular mechanisms in which they intervene, will allow the development of modern therapies that act targeted as a personalized therapy. We emphasize the importance of the geneticist in the diagnosis and treatment of VAs, as part of a multidisciplinary team involved in the management of VAs.
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Fermentation Extract of Naringenin Increases the Expression of Estrogenic Receptor β and Modulates Genes Related to the p53 Signalling Pathway, miR-200c and miR-141 in Human Colon Cancer Cells Exposed to BPA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196588. [PMID: 36235125 PMCID: PMC9572342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The estrogenic receptor beta (ERβ) protects against carcinogenesis by stimulating apoptosis. Bisphenol A (BPA) is related to promoting cancer, and naringenin has chemoprotective activities both can bind to ERβ. Naringenin in the colon is metabolized by the microbiota. Cancer involves genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including miRNAs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the co-exposure effect of colonic in vitro fermented extract of naringenin (FEN) and BPA, to elucidate molecular effects in HT-29 colon cancer cell line. For this, we quantified genes related to the p53 signaling pathway as well as ERβ, miR-200c, and miR-141. As an important result, naringenin (IC50 250 µM) and FEN (IC50 37%) promoted intrinsic pathways of apoptosis through phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (+2.70, +1.72-fold, respectively) and CASP9 (+3.99, +2.03-fold, respectively) expression. BPA decreased the expression of PTEN (−3.46-fold) gene regulated by miR-200. We suggest that once co-exposed, cells undergo a greater stress forcing them to mediate other extrinsic apoptosis mechanisms associated with death domain FASL. In turn, these findings are related to the increase of ERβ (5.3-fold with naringenin and 13.67-fold with FEN) gene expression, important in the inhibition of carcinogenic development.
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Cho YS, Kim HR, Park SJ, Chung SW, Ko YG, Yeo JH, Lee J, Kim SK, Choi JU, Kim SY, Byun Y. Sustained potentiation of bystander killing via PTEN-loss driven macropinocytosis targeted peptide-drug conjugate therapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ivanova M, Venetis K, Guerini-Rocco E, Bottiglieri L, Mastropasqua MG, Garrone O, Fusco N, Ghidini M. HER2 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Pathology, Somatic Alterations, and Perspectives for Novel Therapeutic Schemes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1403. [PMID: 36143438 PMCID: PMC9502498 DOI: 10.3390/life12091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is an emerging biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). This oncogene plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and, more in general, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The most frequent types of HER2 alterations in CRC include gene amplification and missense mutations in 7-8% of CRC, often being mirrored by HER2 protein overexpression, representing founder events in solid tumors, including CRC. There are currently no approved HER2-targeted therapy guidelines for CRC; however, several studies have shown that HER2 can be effectively targeted in meta-static CRC settings. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of HER2 testing in CRC and the immediate future perspectives for HER2 targeting in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bottiglieri
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Giuseppe Mastropasqua
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Invernizzi M, Lippi L, Folli A, Turco A, Zattoni L, Maconi A, de Sire A, Fusco N. Integrating molecular biomarkers in breast cancer rehabilitation. What is the current evidence? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:930361. [PMID: 36158576 PMCID: PMC9493088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.930361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quality of life issues is a crucial burden in breast cancer (BC) survivors with relevant implications in terms of survivorship and health-care costs. The increasing long-term survival of these patients provides new challenges, with translational research now focusing on innovative and tailored approaches to improve their complex management. In this scenario, several emerging biomarkers have the potential to improve the clinical rehabilitative management of patients with BC. However, to date, guidelines supporting biomarker implementation in this area are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the currently available biomarkers that might be potentially integrated into rehabilitation practice to promote a precision medicine approach to BC survivorship issues. Methods: On 9th March 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PEDro were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing rehabilitation interventions in BC patients. Molecular biomarker modifications induced by physical exercise have been assessed through the review of the study protocols and published results. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the studies included. Results: Out of 2,224 records, 22 studies were included in the present systematic review. Exercise therapy showed significant results in 15 RCTs, in terms of metabolic biomarkers, including glycemic and insulin profile, and lipid profile (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, 12 studies underlined significant effects in inflammation and immune response biomarkers, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, cardiac biomarkers were assessed in three studies without reporting significant differences after exercise therapy (p = NS). The quality assessment identified 19 RCTs as high-quality studies and three RCTs of low quality. Conclusion: Our findings reveal significant biochemical perturbations in key molecules induced by physical exercise in patients with BC, suggesting room for the implementation of actionable biomarkers. Future research might clarify the role of biomarkers on treatment effectiveness monitoring, to optimize rehabilitative strategies tailored to patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Arianna Folli
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Turco
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zattoni
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Corso G, D'Ecclesiis O, Magnoni F, Mazzotta E, Conforti F, Veronesi P, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Fusco N, Gandini S. Metaplastic breast cancers and triple-negative breast cancers of no special type: are they prognostically different? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:459-466. [PMID: 35088973 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) and triple-negative (TN) BC of no special type are often confounded with each other in terms of survival and prognosis. In this systematic study and meta-analysis, we evaluated the prognosis of each of these two different diagnoses. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search and review using the MOOSE guidelines, through PUBMED database, the Ovid MEDLINE database, and the ISI Web of Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI Expanded). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were the main outcomes considered. RESULTS Our review eventually selected six independent studies, with a total of more than 59 519 patients. MBC was found to associate with worse OS compared to TNBC of no special type, with a significant 40% increased risk of death [summary hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-1.50]. We found neither heterogeneity ( I2 = 0%) nor evidence of publication bias ( P = 0.82 and P = 0.49 by Begg's and Egger's test, respectively) between studies. No statistically significant difference was found between MBC and TNBC of no special type in terms of DFS (SHR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.80-1.71). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TNBC of no special type and MBC have comparable DFS, although the latter presents a significantly worse prognosis in terms of OS. Despite DFS being similar in both subtypes, this did not result in significant OS benefits, with MBC score being the worse of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Oriana D'Ecclesiis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Francesca Magnoni
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Erica Mazzotta
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Fabio Conforti
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan
- Biobank for Translational Medicine (B4MED) Unit, Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan
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Sparić R, Andjić M, Babović I, Nejković L, Mitrović M, Štulić J, Pupovac M, Tinelli A. Molecular Insights in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179728. [PMID: 36077127 PMCID: PMC9456512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of female genital diseases, unlike uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a rare and aggressive uterine cancer. This narrative review aims to discuss the biology and diagnosis of LMS and, at the same time, their differential diagnosis, in order to distinguish the biological and molecular origins. The authors performed a Medline and PubMed search for the years 1990–2022 using a combination of keywords on the topics to highlight the many genes and proteins involved in the pathogenesis of LMS. The mutation of these genes, in addition to the altered expression and functions of their enzymes, are potentially biomarkers of uterine LMS. Thus, the use of this molecular and protein information could favor differential diagnosis and personalized therapy based on the molecular characteristics of LMS tissue, leading to timely diagnoses and potential better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivana Babović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Nejković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Mitrović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Štulić
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Pupovac
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di Ricerca Clinico SALentino), “Verisdelli Ponti Hospital”, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, LE, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
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Sajjadi E, Gaudioso G, Terrasi A, Boggio F, Venetis K, Ivanova M, Bertolasi L, Lopez G, Runza L, Premoli A, Lorenzini D, Guerini-Rocco E, Ferrero S, Vaira V, Fusco N. Osteoclast-like stromal giant cells in breast cancer likely belong to the spectrum of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:894247. [PMID: 36090031 PMCID: PMC9462457 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.894247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells (OSGC) is an exceedingly rare morphological pattern of invasive breast carcinoma. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of these tumors is populated by OSGC, which resemble osteoclasts and show a histiocytic-like immunophenotype. Their role in breast cancer is unknown. The osteoclast maturation in the bone is regulated by the expression of cytokines that are also present in the TIME of tumors and in breast cancer tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs-mediated anti-tumor immune pathways are regulated by miRNAs akin to osteoclast homeostasis. Here, we sought to characterize the different cellular compartments of breast cancers with OSGC and investigate the similarities of OSGC with tumor and TIME in terms of morphology, protein, and miRNA expression, specifically emphasizing on monocytic signatures. Methods and Results: Six breast cancers with OSGC were included. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and TAMs were separately quantified. The different cellular populations (i.e., normal epithelium, cancer cells, and OSGC) were isolated from tissue sections by laser-assisted microdissection. After RNA purification, 752 miRNAs were analyzed using a TaqMan Advanced miRNA Low-Density Array for all samples. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by computing the fold change (log2Ratio) using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and p values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) approach. As a similarity analysis among samples, we used the Pearson test. The association between pairs of variables was investigated using Fisher exact test. Classical and non-classical monocyte miRNA signatures were finally applied. All OSGC displayed CD68 expression, TILs (range, 45–85%) and high TAMs (range, 35–75%). Regarding the global miRNAs profile, OSGC was more similar to cancer cells than to non-neoplastic ones. Shared deregulation of miR-143-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-181b-5p was observed between OSGC and cancer cells. The monocyte-associated miR-29a-3p and miR-21-3p were dysregulated in OSGCs compared with non-neoplastic or breast cancer tissues. Conclusion: Breast cancers with OSGC have an activated TIME. Shared epigenetic events occur during the ontogenesis of breast cancer cells and OSGC but the innumophenotype and miRNA profiles of the different cellular compartmens suggest that OSGC likely belong to the spectrum of M2 TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaudioso
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Terrasi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Boggio
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Bertolasi
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio Runza
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Premoli
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Fusco,
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