1
|
Monti M, Benerini Gatta L, Bugatti M, Pezzali I, Picinoli S, Manfredi M, Lavazza A, Vanella VV, De Giorgis V, Zanatta L, Missale F, Lonardi S, Zanetti B, Bozzoni G, Cadei M, Abate A, Vergani B, Balzarini P, Battocchio S, Facco C, Turri-Zanoni M, Castelnuovo P, Nicolai P, Fonsatti E, Leone BE, Marengo E, Sigala S, Ronca R, Perego M, Lombardi D, Vermi W. Novel cellular systems unveil mucosal melanoma initiating cells and a role for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mucosal melanoma fitness. J Transl Med 2024; 22:35. [PMID: 38191367 PMCID: PMC10775657 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal Melanomas (MM) are highly aggressive neoplasms arising from mucosal melanocytes. Current treatments offer a limited survival benefit for patients with advanced MM; moreover, the lack of pre-clinical cellular systems has significantly limited the understanding of their immunobiology. METHODS Five novel cell lines were obtained from patient-derived biopsies of MM arising in the sino-nasal mucosa and designated as SN-MM1-5. The morphology, ultrastructure and melanocytic identity of SN-MM cell lines were validated by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenicity of SN-MM1-5 was tested by subcutaneous injection in NOD/SCID mice. Molecular characterization of SN-MM cell lines was performed by a mass-spectrometry proteomic approach, and their sensitivity to PI3K chemical inhibitor LY294002 was validated by Akt activation, measured by pAkt(Ser473) and pAkt(Thr308) in immunoblots, and MTS assay. RESULTS This study reports the validation and functional characterization of five newly generated SN-MM cell lines. Compared to the normal counterpart, the proteomic profile of SN-MM is consistent with transformed melanocytes showing a heterogeneous degree of melanocytic differentiation and activation of cancer-related pathways. All SN-MM cell lines resulted tumorigenic in vivo and display recurrent structural variants according to aCGH analysis. Of relevance, the microscopic analysis of the corresponding xenotransplants allowed the identification of clusters of MITF-/CDH1-/CDH2 + /ZEB1 + /CD271 + cells, supporting the existence of melanoma-initiating cells also in MM, as confirmed in clinical samples. In vitro, SN-MM cell lines were sensitive to cisplatin, but not to temozolomide. Moreover, the proteomic analysis of SN-MM cell lines revealed that RICTOR, a subunit of mTORC2 complex, is the most significantly activated upstream regulator, suggesting a relevant role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in these neoplasms. Consistently, phosphorylation of NDRG1 and Akt activation was observed in SN-MM, the latter being constitutive and sustained by PTEN loss in SN-MM2 and SN-MM3. The cell viability impairment induced by LY294002 confirmed a functional role for the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in SN-MM cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these novel and unique cellular systems represent relevant experimental tools for a better understanding of the biology of these neoplasms and, as an extension, to MM from other sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benerini Gatta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Histocompatibility Laboratory "Vittorio Mero", Department of Transfusion Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Pezzali
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Picinoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Zanatta
- Department of Pathology, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Nederlands Kanker Instituut, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Zanetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bozzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Piera Balzarini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Battocchio
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-"ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia", Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Facco
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, ASST Sette-Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mario Turri-Zanoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, ASST Sette Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, ASST Sette Laghi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Lombardi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cazzaniga G, Eccher A, Munari E, Marletta S, Bonoldi E, Della Mea V, Cadei M, Sbaraglia M, Guerriero A, Dei Tos AP, Pagni F, L’Imperio V. Natural Language Processing to extract SNOMED-CT codes from pathological reports. Pathologica 2023; 115:318-324. [PMID: 38180139 PMCID: PMC10767798 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The use of standardized structured reports (SSR) and suitable terminologies like SNOMED-CT can enhance data retrieval and analysis, fostering large-scale studies and collaboration. However, the still large prevalence of narrative reports in our laboratories warrants alternative and automated labeling approaches. In this project, natural language processing (NLP) methods were used to associate SNOMED-CT codes to structured and unstructured reports from an Italian Digital Pathology Department. Methods Two NLP-based automatic coding systems (support vector machine, SVM, and long-short term memory, LSTM) were trained and applied to a series of narrative reports. Results The 1163 cases were tested with both algorithms, showing good performances in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, with SVM showing slightly better performances as compared to LSTM (0.84, 0.87, 0.83, 0.82 vs 0.83, 0.85, 0.83, 0.82, respectively). The integration of an explainability allowed identification of terms and groups of words of importance, enabling fine-tuning, balancing semantic meaning and model performance. Conclusions AI tools allow the automatic SNOMED-CT labeling of the pathology archives, providing a retrospective fix to the large lack of organization of narrative reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cazzaniga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology and Cytogenetics, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Della Mea
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Guerriero
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Vincenzo L’Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Palma G, Carrasco-Avino G, Gilberti E, Cadei M, Pedrazzi T, Gallegos Mendez IM, Roman A, Demartines N, Boffetta P, Labgaa I. Arsenic may be a carcinogenic determinant of a subset of gallbladder cancer: A pilot study. Environ Res 2023; 219:115030. [PMID: 36509118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the deadliest malignancy and treatment options are deplorably limited. Better strategies of prevention are urgently needed but knowledge on risk factors remains scarce. Recent data suggested that arsenic (As) may be involved in GBC carcinogenesis but the question remains debated. To date, there are no data on As measurement in GBC samples. This pilot study aimed to measure As concentrations in tissue samples from patients with GBC compared to non-cancerous gallbladder (NCGB). Included patients underwent cholecystectomy at Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago in Chile, a country with high As exposure, between 2001 and 2020. Tissue samples were preserved in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Selected samples were retrieved, processed and submitted to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine As concentrations. A total of 77 patients were included, including 35 GBC and 42 NCGB. The two groups were comparable, except for age (68 vs. 49 years, p < 0.001). Measured in 11 GBC and 38 NCGB, total As was detected in 5 GBC (14%) compared to 0 NCGB samples (p < 0.001). GBC group also showed higher median values of As compared to NCGB (p < 0.001). This pilot study provided a proof-of-concept to measure As concentrations in gallbladder samples and showed higher level of As in GBC samples compared to NCGB, paving the way for future studies aiming to investigate the impact of As on GBC, which may contribute to the prevention of this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Occupational Health, Occupational Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pathology, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrica Gilberti
- Unit of Occupational Health, Occupational Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tatiana Pedrazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alejandra Roman
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ismail Labgaa
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cannatelli R, Bazarova A, Furfaro F, Parigi TL, Zardo D, Nardone OM, Spaggiari P, Villanacci V, Cadei M, Labarile N, Smith SCL, Danese S, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Reproducibility of the electronic chromoendoscopy PICaSSO score (Paddington International Virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre) in ulcerative colitis using multiple endoscopic platforms: a prospective multicenter international study (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 96:73-83. [PMID: 35182574 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic and histologic remission (HR) are key therapeutic targets in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the Paddington International virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre (PICaSSO), a virtual chromoendoscopy score originally validated by use of the iSCAN platform, with the narrow-band imaging (NBI), linked-color imaging (LCI), and blue-laser imaging (BLI) platforms. METHODS We evaluated endoscopic activity using the Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES), the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS), and PICaSSO in 159 UC patients (78 NBI and 81 BLI/LCI) who underwent colonoscopy in 2 tertiary referral centers. HR was defined by the Robarts Histopathology Index (RHI) and the Nancy Histologic Index (NHI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate endoscopic scores for the prediction of HR. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between endoscopists were evaluated. RESULTS PICaSSO had an ICC of 0.825 when the NBI and BLI/LCI cohorts were combined, higher than MES and UCEIS. The correlation between PICaSSO and RHI and NHI was 0.83 and 0.79 in the NBI cohort and between 0.63 and 0.65 in LCI/BLI. In the NBI cohort, the accuracy of MES, UCEIS, and PICaSSO was 0.936, 0.897, and 0.808 for HR measured by RHI and 0.897, 0.885, and 0.821 by NHI, respectively. In the BLI/LCI cohort, the accuracy of MES, UCEIS, LCI PICaSSO and BLI PICaSSO was 0.765, 0.778, 0.827, and 0.79 to predict HR with RHI and NHI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The PICaSSO score can be consistently and accurately reproduced with NBI and LCI/BLI and therefore can be applied to all virtual electronic chromoendoscopy platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Cannatelli
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alina Bazarova
- Institute for Biological Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Federica Furfaro
- IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Zardo
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nunzia Labarile
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Charles Lloyd Smith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; IBD Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; IBD Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caputo A, Parente P, Cadei M, Fassan M, Rispo A, Leoncini G, Bassotti G, Del Sordo R, Metelli C, Daperno M, Armuzzi A, Villanacci V. Simplified Histologic Mucosal Healing Scheme (SHMHS) for inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide multicenter study of performance and applicability. Tech Coloproctol 2022; 26:713-723. [PMID: 35648263 PMCID: PMC9360061 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-022-02628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of mucosal healing is important for the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but endoscopy can miss microscopic disease areas that may relapse. Histological assessment is informative, but no single scoring system is widely adopted. We previously proposed an eight-item histological scheme for the easy, fast reporting of disease activity in the intestine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of our Simplified Histologic Mucosal Healing Scheme (SHMHS). METHODS Between April and May 2021 pathologists and gastroenterologists in Italy were invited to contribute to this multicenter study by providing data on single endoscopic-histological examinations for their IBD patients undergoing treatment. Disease activity was expressed using SHMHS (maximum score, 8) and either Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (categorized into grades 0-3) or Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (range 0-3). RESULTS Thirty hospitals provided data on 597 patients (291 Crohn's disease; 306 ulcerative colitis). The mean SHMHS score was 2.96 (SD = 2.42) and 66.8% of cases had active disease (score ≥ 2). The mean endoscopic score was 1.23 (SD = 1.05), with 67.8% having active disease (score ≥ 1). Histologic and endoscopic scores correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.76), and scores for individual SHMHS items associated directly with endoscopic scores (chi-square p < 0.001, all comparisons). Between IBD types, scores for SHMHS items reflected differences in presentation, with cryptitis more common and erosions/ulcerations less common in Crohn's disease, and the distal colon more affected in ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS SHMHS captures the main histological features of IBD. Routine adoption may simplify pathologist workload while ensuring accurate reporting for clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Caputo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - P Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A Rispo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Leoncini
- Pathology Unit, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Del Sordo
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Metelli
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Daperno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - V Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Villanacci V, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Leoncini G, Parente P, Cadei M, Albarello L, Mandelli G, Caputo A. Histopathology of Non-IBD Colitis. A practical approach from the Italian Group for the study of the gastrointestinal tract (GIPAD). Pathologica 2021; 113:54-65. [PMID: 33686310 PMCID: PMC8138693 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-IBD colitides (NIBDC) are intestinal diseases clinically and endoscopically overlapping with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), sometimes with a similar histological picture. NIBDC include entities such as infectious colitis, ischemic colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, eosinophilic colitis, autoimmune enterocolitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis, drug-induced colitis, radiation-induced colitis, diversion colitis, and microscopic colitis, this last including two entities: collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. The knowledge of the most useful histological features and the main clinical data for each entity is mandatory in daily clinical practice, for correct pathological diagnosis and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Reggiani-Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Albarello
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Caputo
- University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence Alessandro Caputo University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Villanacci V, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Salviato T, Leoncini G, Cadei M, Albarello L, Caputo A, Aquilano MC, Battista S, Parente P. Histopathology of IBD Colitis. A practical approach from the pathologists of the Italian Group for the study of the gastrointestinal tract (GIPAD). Pathologica 2021; 113:39-53. [PMID: 33686309 PMCID: PMC8138698 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are lifelong disorders in which an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is involved. IBDs include two entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); these can be adequately diagnosed and distinguished with a correct methodological approach based on communicating exhaustive clinical, endoscopic and laboratory information to the pathologist and performing adequate bioptic sampling and precise morphological signs including crypt architecture, distribution of inflammation and granulomas, when present. IBD needs to be distinguished from non-IBD colitis, mostly at its onset. Moreover, IBDs are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma. In daily pathological practice, correct diagnosis of IBD and its subclassification as well as a correct detection of dysplasia is imperative to establish the best therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence Vincenzo Villanacci Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy E-mail:
| | - Luca Reggiani-Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Salviato
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Albarello
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caputo
- University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Serena Battista
- Institute of Pathology S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leoncini G, Donato F, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Salviato T, Cadei M, Daperno M, Principi MB, Armuzzi A, Caprioli F, Canavese G, Villanacci V. Diagnostic interobserver variability in Crohn's disease- and ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia: a multicenter digital survey from the IG-IBD Pathologists Group. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 25:101-108. [PMID: 33025294 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic and relapsing conditions of the gastrointestinal tract both characterized by long lasting chronic inflammation and increased risk of dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement about IBD-associated dysplasia among pathologists belonging to the Italian Group for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IG-IBD P). METHODS The present multicenter survey was performed using telepathology, supported by an open source E-learning platform. Biopsy specimens from 30 colonoscopies and from 20 patients were included. The glass slides of any case, including clinical and endoscopic data, were digitalized and uploaded on the E-learning platform. All the digital slides were grouped in 54 diagnostic "blocks". Blinded histopathological evaluation on all the digital slides was performed by 20 gastrointestinal pathologists. Closed-ended questions about (1) the occurrence of IBD; (2) the classification of IBD (as UC or CD); (3) the presence of active versus quiescent disease; (4) the presence of dysplasia; (5) the possible association of dysplasia with the sites of disease (dysplasia-associated lesion or mass-DALM vs adenoma-like mass-ALM); (6) the grading of dysplasia according to the ECCO guidelines (negative, indefinite, low grade, high grade categories) and (7) the presence of associated serrated features, were proposed in each case. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated by mean agreement percentage and kappa statistic, when suitable. RESULTS The diagnosis of IBD was confirmed in 19 of 20 patients, 17 of 19 being classified as UC, 2 as CD. The mean interobserver agreement percentages about (1) the evidence of IBD, (2) the presence of either UC or CD and (3) the activity grading resulted to be 80%, 69% and 86%, respectively. Dysplasia was detected in 8/20 patients, with moderate agreement between pathologists (mean 72%, k 0.48). Particularly, low grade dysplasia was found in 13 biopsies (combined k 0.38), whereas high grade dysplasia in 8 (combined k 0.47). When the endoscopic and histopathological data were combined, features consistent with DALM were found in 6 of 20 patients with low grade dysplasia and those consistent with ALM in 2 patients with low grade dysplasia in a single biopsy (mean agreement: 86%). An associated serrated pattern was discovered in 4 patients (7 biopsies). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed moderate interobserver agreement about the histopathological detection and classification of IBD-associated dysplasia. Further efforts should be undertaken to integrate the histopathological data with both the ancillary tests and molecular investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Leoncini
- Pathology Unit, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (BS), Brescia, Italy.
| | - F Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Reggiani-Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - T Salviato
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Daperno
- Gastroenterology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M B Principi
- Emergency and Organ Transplantation Department, Section of Gastroenterology, AOU Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - A Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - F Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Canavese
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - V Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salviato T, Bonetti LR, Mangogna A, Leoncini G, Cadei M, Caprioli F, Armuzzi A, Daperno M, Villanacci V. Microscopic imaging of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Non-IBD Colitis on digital slides: The Italian Group-IBD Pathologists experience. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153189. [PMID: 32906010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to report the experience of the pathologists of the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (group formed by pathologists with various experience) on the morphological assessment of digital slides pertaining to IBD and Non-IBD colitis underlining the necessity to implement this tool in daily routine and its utility to share opinions on difficult cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight histological slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin obtained from ileo-colorectal endoscopic biopsies were digitized using Menarini D-Sight 2.0 system, uploaded onto a website platform and shared among 40 pathologists participating in the study. Information regarding the site of biopsy was disclosed; clinical data were blinded. Each participant was committed to write a comment on microscopic features purposing diagnostic opinion. One month after the last uploaded case, a form was sent to each participant to evaluate the personal experience on digital slide sharing. RESULTS Sixteen pathologists out of 40 (40%) had consistently accessed to the site,9/40 (22%) commented on all slides, a diagnostic opinion was rendered in 8 slides. Most common critical issues were: A) poor internet connection resulting in ineffective evaluation of the digital slides, B) time-consuming cases raising difficult diagnostic interpretation, C) lack of clinical history. Overall, 24 participants (60%) found the forum valuable for practical training and educational purposes. CONCLUSIONS Sharing scanned slides circulating within a dedicated forum is an effective educational tool in both IBDs and Non-IBDs colitis. Although our results demonstrated a substantial compliance of the participants, their limited participation was an objective shortcoming. Hence, further efforts are needed to encourage this potentially rewarding practice among the pathologist community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Salviato
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Visiting scholar at Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leoncini
- Pathology Unit, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (BS), Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di Milano, and Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Daperno
- Gastroenterology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Villanacci V, Reggiani-Bonetti L, Caprioli F, Saragoni L, Salviato T, Mescoli C, Canavese G, Manenti S, Spada E, Baron L, Leoncini G, Cadei M, Battista S, Armuzzi A. Histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease - Position statement of the Pathologists of the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) and Italian Group of Gastrointestinal Pathologists (GIPAD-SIAPEC). Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:262-267. [PMID: 31884010 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of the inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) relies mainly on the histopathological examination of endoscopic biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract. To facilitate the accurate diagnosis of these two conditions, this paper addresses key issues on the: (A) gastrointestinal biopsy procedure, (B) histomorphological characteristics of UC and CD, and (C) diagnosis of dysplasia. The 13 statements presented here represent the consensus of two groups of Italian pathologists (IG-IBD and GIPAD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Reggiani-Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di Milano, and Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Saragoni
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, AUSL Romagna, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Tiziana Salviato
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Canavese
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Baron
- Pathology Unit, St. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leoncini
- Pathology Unit, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (BS), Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Battista
- Institute of Pathology Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iorio J, Lastraioli E, Tofani L, Petroni G, Antonuzzo L, Messerini L, Perrone G, Caputo D, Francesconi M, Amato MM, Cadei M, Arcangeli G, Villanacci V, Boni L, Coppola R, Di Costanzo F, Arcangeli A. hERG1 and HIF-2α Behave as Biomarkers of Positive Response to Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100740. [PMID: 32105990 PMCID: PMC7044526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In search of novel biomarkers of response to bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), we analyzed the expression and prognostic role of several proteins related to angiogenesis. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study on 80 surgical samples from mCRC patients treated in first line with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy was accomplished. The following proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry: hERG1 potassium channel, β1-integrin, pAKT, NFkB, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, p53, VEGF-A, GLUT-1, and CA-IX. Data were analyzed in conjunction with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, KRAS status, response to bevacizumab, and follow-up. Results: (1) All the proteins were expressed in the samples, with statistically significant associations between HIF-1α and gender, HIF-2α and left colon, hERG1 and VEGF-A, β1-integrin and HIF-2α, GLUT-1 and both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and CA-IX and VEGF-A. (2) At the univariate analysis, positivity for hERG1, VEGF-A, and the active form of HIF-2α (aHIF-2α), and the G3 histological grade showed a positive impact on progression-free survival (PFS). (3) hERG1 and aHIF-2α maintained their positive impact on PFS at the multivariate analysis. (4) hERG1 behaved as a protective factor for PFS independently on KRAS status. Conclusions: hERG1 and aHIF-2α might help to identify patients who would benefit from bevacizumab treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tofani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy; Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Caputo
- Department of General Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Francesconi
- Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Boni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Coppola
- Department of General Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leoncini G, Villanacci V, Marin MG, Crisafulli V, Cadei M, Antonelli E, Leoci C, Bassotti G. Colonic hypereosinophilia in ulcerative colitis may help to predict the failure of steroid therapy. Tech Coloproctol 2018; 22:941-946. [PMID: 30535522 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-018-1896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although glucocorticosteroids (GS) and mesalazine are effective and widely employed to treat moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), information regarding the factors responsible for response to such therapy is still scarce. One of these factors is thought to be an increased number of mucosal eosinophils. The aim of our study was to determine whether the presence of hypereosinophilia in colonic mucosa of UC patients might influence the short-term response to l treatment with GS and mesasalazine. METHODS Clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic data from patients with a recent diagnosis of moderate UC, who had not undergone treatment, were obtained, and the short-term outcome after 1 month of conventional first-line treatment (mesalazine plus GS) was evaluated. RESULTS There were 53 patients with a median age of 37 years (95% CI 30-47).Overall, at the end of treatment period 16 (30%) patients responded, whereas a response was not observed in the other 37 (70%) patients. Interestingly, all patients of this latter group had colonic mucosal hypereosinophilia. No significant differences were found between the two groups concerning sex and age at diagnosis, but hypereosinophilia was inversely correlated with the duration of the disease (p = 0.054), and significantly correlated to the localization of UC (p = 0.0023). In addition, The Mayo score was significantly higher in patients with hypereosinophilia (median 8; 95% CI 8-9;) when compared to patients without hypereosinophilia (median 7; 95% CI 7-7, p < 0.0001) including the Mayo endoscopic subscore (median 3; 95% CI 2-3 vs median 2; 95% CI 2-2, respectively; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The presence of colonic mucosal hypereosinophilia may be useful to predict the short-term outcome to conventional first-line therapy in treatment-naïve UC patients. It remains to be seen whether this might be important in modifying the first-line therapy in this subgroup of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Leoncini
- Pathology Unit, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (Brescia), Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Marin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (Brescia), Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Leoci
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda (Brescia), Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.
- Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Ospedale S.Maria della Misericordia, Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Villanacci V, Cadei M, Lanzarotto F, Ricci C, Antonelli E, Cannatelli R, Gulotta T, Fontana L, Pasquali V, Sigala S, Salviato T, Nascimbeni R, Bassotti G. Localization of TNF alpha in ileocolonic biopsies of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 38:20-25. [PMID: 30388432 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antitumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) agents are widely used to treat patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - there is still some uncertainty in the cell type expressing TNFα in human ileo-colonic segments. AIMS We investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of TNFα in the ileo-colonic segments of patients with both active CD and UC, to establish its anatomic and cellular localization in the inflamed sites. Our aim was to identify patients potentially resistant to anti TNFα agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ileo-colonic slides of complete histological mapping of patients with CD and UC before any treatment was started were obtained, and serial sections assessed for TNFα expression, together with IHC markers for lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. RESULTS TNFα was expressed in almost all inflamed segments of IBD patients, albeit with different strength, and was present, in addition to lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, to macrophages, in plasma cells, where it had a strong positivity, as also demonstrated by colocalization of specific IHC staining. The expression of TNFα was mostly focal in CD patients and more diffuse in UC patients, likely due to the different patterns of inflammation (transmural and mucosal) of the two entities. CONCLUSIONS In IBD, TNFα is strongly expressed also in plasma cells, and it is easily evidenced by conventional IHC techniques. It remains to be established whether this observation might be useful in future to establish in routine biopsy samples whether patients may be responsive to treatments toward this cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Villanacci
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- Gastroenterology Section, 1st Medical Clinic, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Section, 1st Medical Clinic, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Gastroenterology Section, 1st Medical Clinic, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Gulotta
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pasquali
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Salviato
- Department of Pathology, University of Trieste School of Medicine, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zanini B, Villanacci V, Marullo M, Cadei M, Lanzarotto F, Bozzola A, Ricci C. Novel steps forward in the histopathology of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, authors' reply. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:525. [PMID: 29951866 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zanini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Marullo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Bozzola
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zanini B, Villanacci V, Marullo M, Cadei M, Lanzarotto F, Bozzola A, Ricci C. Duodenal histological features in suspected non-celiac gluten sensitivity: new insights into a still undefined condition. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:229-234. [PMID: 29619556 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zanini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Villanacci
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Marullo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Bozzola
- Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Villanacci V, Casella G, Lanzarotto F, Di Bella C, Sidoni A, Cadei M, Salviato T, Dore MP, Bassotti G. Autoimmune gastritis: relationships with anemia and Helicobacter pylori status. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:674-677. [PMID: 28276835 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1288758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a gastric pathologic condition affecting the mucosa of the fundus and the body and eventually leading to hypo-achlorhydria. AIMS We report our clinical and pathological experience with AIG. METHODS Data from patients with a diagnosis of AIG seen in the period January 2002-December 2012 were retrieved. Only patients with complete sets of biopsies were analyzed. RESULTS Data from 138 patients were available for analysis. Pernicious anemia was present in 25% of patients, iron deficiency anemia was found in 29.7% of patients, hypothyroidism in 23% of patients, type 1 diabetes in 7.9% of patients, and vitiligo in 2.8% of patients. Parietal cell antibodies were positive in 65% of patients, and no patient had serology positive for celiac disease. All gastric biopsies showed glandular atrophy associated with enterochromaffin-like (ECL)-cells hyperplasia, features limited to the mucosa of the fundus and body, and focal glandular intestinal metaplasia. Helicobacter pylori was negative in all cases. CONCLUSIONS AIG was strongly associated with anemia; atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and ECL hyperplasia in the gastric fundus and body are hallmarks of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Villanacci
- a Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Spedali Civili and University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Giovanni Casella
- c Department of Medicine , Desio Hospital, Monza and Brianza , Italy
| | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- b Gastroenterology Section, 1st Medical Clinic, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Camillo Di Bella
- d Department of Clinical Pathology , Desio Hospital, Monza and Brianza , Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- e Pathology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia School of Medicine , Perugia, Perugia , Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- a Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Spedali Civili and University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Tiziana Salviato
- f Pathology Institute, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- g Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- h Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine , University of Perugia School of Medicine , Perugia , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villanacci V, Antonelli E, Lanzarotto F, Bozzola A, Cadei M, Bassotti G. Usefulness of Different Pathological Scores to Assess Healing of the Mucosa in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Real Life Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6839. [PMID: 28754920 PMCID: PMC5533718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of remission for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has recently evolved, and should also include histological healing of the mucosa, difficult to evaluate since there is no agreement on pathological scores and those available are quite complex to use in the daily routine. We evaluated the possible usefulness of a simplified pathological score to assess histological healing of the mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases patients compared with four commonly proposed pathological scores. Slides from 24 patients (12 Crohn’s disease, 12 ulcerative colitis, age range 24–62 years), pre- and post-treatment with biological agents and displaying endoscopic remission were assessed by two pathologists. Pre- and post-treatment results and the time employed to calculate the various scores were obtained. All scores were useful to document highly significant post-treatment decreases of histological activity. However, the simplified score needed significant less time to be calculated for each slide, had high inter-rater agreement, and avoided subjectivity from the pathologists. The simplified score is easy to calculate and seems apt to document histological healing of the mucosa, in a manner similar to the more complex scores. It remains to be established whether this score could simplify the daily routinary practice in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Villanacci
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- Gastroenterology Section, 1st Medical Clinic, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Bozzola
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tassi RA, Todeschini P, Siegel ER, Calza S, Cappella P, Ardighieri L, Cadei M, Bugatti M, Romani C, Bandiera E, Zanotti L, Tassone L, Guarino D, Santonocito C, Capoluongo ED, Beltrame L, Erba E, Marchini S, D'Incalci M, Donzelli C, Santin AD, Pecorelli S, Sartori E, Bignotti E, Odicino F, Ravaggi A. FOXM1 expression is significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis in non-serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017; 36:63. [PMID: 28482906 PMCID: PMC5422964 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a spectrum of different diseases, which makes their treatment a challenge. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogene aberrantly expressed in many solid cancers including serous EOC, but its role in non-serous EOCs remains undefined. We examined FOXM1 expression and its correlation to prognosis across the three major EOC subtypes, and its role in tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance in vitro. METHODS Gene signatures were generated by microarray for 14 clear-cell and 26 endometrioid EOCs, and 15 normal endometrium snap-frozen biopsies. Validation of FOXM1 expression was performed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the same samples and additionally in 50 high-grade serous EOCs and in their most adequate normal controls (10 luminal fallopian tube and 20 ovarian surface epithelial brushings). Correlations of FOXM1 expression to clinic-pathological parameters and patients' prognosis were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses. OVCAR-3 and two novel deeply characterized EOC cell lines (EOC-CC1 and OSPC2, with clear-cell and serous subtype, respectively) were employed for in vitro studies. Effects of FOXM1 inhibition by transient siRNA transfection were evaluated on cell-proliferation, cell-cycle, colony formation, invasion, and response to conventional first- and second-line anticancer agents, and to the PARP-inhibitor olaparib. Gene signatures of FOXM1-silenced cell lines were generated by microarray and confirmed by RT-qPCR. RESULTS A significant FOXM1 mRNA up-regulation was found in EOCs compared to normal controls. FOXM1 protein overexpression significantly correlated to serous histology (p = 0.001) and advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.004). Multivariate analyses confirmed FOXM1 protein overexpression as an independent indicator of worse disease specific survival in non-serous EOCs, and of shorter time to progression in platinum-resistant cases. FOXM1 downregulation in EOC cell lines inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity, and promoted the cytotoxic effects of platinum compounds, doxorubicin hydrochloride and olaparib. Upon FOXM1 knock-down in EOC-CC1 and OSPC2 cells, microarray and RT-qPCR analyses revealed the deregulation of several common and other unique subtype-specific FOXM1 putative targets involved in cell cycle, metastasis, DNA repair and drug response. CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 is up-regulated in all three major EOCs subtypes, and is a prognostic biomarker and a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in platinum resistant disease, irrespective of tumor histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata A Tassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ardighieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Romani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bandiera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tassone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Santonocito
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore D Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University and Foundation Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Erba
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Donzelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University-ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schiariti MP, Restelli F, Ferroli P, Benetti A, Berenzi A, Ferri A, Ceserani V, Ciusani E, Cadei M, Finocchiaro G, Pessina A, Parati E, Pallini R, Alessandri G. Fibronectin-adherent peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells as Paclitaxel carriers for glioblastoma treatment: An in vitro study. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:721-734. [PMID: 28434806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, with a risible median life expectancy despite gold standard treatment. Novel drug-delivery methods have been explored. Here we evaluated the possibility to use mononuclear cells (MCs) belonging to the monocytic-dendritic lineage as drug-carrier. METHODS MCs were obtained from 10 patients harboring a GBM, and from healthy volunteers, considered as controls. GBM tissue was also obtained from patients. MCs were cultured and the adherent population on fibronectin (FN-MCs), after immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry characterization, was loaded with Paclitaxel (FN-MCs-PTX). Antiproliferative and migration activity of FN-MCs-PTX was evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) co-culture assays with red fluorescent U87 Malignant Glioma cells and primary GBM cells. Antiangiogenic properties of FN-MCs-PTX were tested on cultures with endothelial cells. RESULTS Phenotypical characterization showed a high expression of monocytic-dendritic markers in GBM cells and FN-MCs. FN-MCs demonstrated to effectively uptake PTX and to strongly inhibit GBM growth in vitro (P <0.01). Moreover, tumor-induced migration of MCs, although partially affected by the PTX cargo, remained statistically significant when compared with unprimed cells and this was confirmed in a 3D Matrigel model (P <0.01) and in a Trans-well assay (P <0.01). FN-MCs-PTX also disclosed considerable antiangiogenic properties. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the fibronectin-adherent population of MCs isolated from peripheral blood can be an effective tool to inhibit GBM growth. Given the relative facility to obtain such cells and the short time needed for their culture and drug loading this approach may have potential as an adjuvant therapy for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolo Schiariti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Restelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Benetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angiola Berenzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Ferri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceserani
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Neurogenetic Medicine, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Molecular Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parati
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Canavese G, Villanacci V, Antonelli E, Cadei M, Sapino A, Rocca R, Daperno M, Suriani R, Di Santo MG, Cassoni P, Bernardini N, Bassotti G. Eosinophilia - associated basal plasmacytosis: an early and sensitive histologic feature of inflammatory bowel disease. APMIS 2017; 125:179-183. [PMID: 28120414 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal plasmacytosis is an early-onset and highly predictive feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but may have several restrictions in routine histology. Considering evidences about cooperation between eosinophils and plasma cells in IBD pathogenesis, we investigated immunostain of these two cells as a marker of disease. 343 samplings from 83 patients (52 IBD, 31 non-IBD colitis) were evaluated. The sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against plasma cells (CD138 and MUM1), and eosinophils (CD193). Eosinophilia-associated basal plasmacytosis (EBP) was related with the histologic diagnosis of IBD (90.3% IBD and 35.4% non-IBD colitides, p < 0.005, sensitivity 90.4%). A strong relation was detected between the occurrence of EBP and (i) the achieving of a complete endoscopic mapping; (ii) the presence of other characteristic lesions of IBD in single segmental sampling, although EBP was evident in more than 40% of samples without other IBD-related lesions. EBP is a sensitive histologic feature of IBD, especially at the first endoscopic sampling, even in the absence of the other characteristic histologic lesions, and may help in formulating a more precise diagnosis in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Canavese
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rocca
- Gastroenterology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Daperno
- Gastroenterology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Renzo Suriani
- Gastroenterology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Di Santo
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Casella G, Pozzi R, Cigognetti M, Bachetti F, Torti G, Cadei M, Villanacci V, Baldini V, Bassotti G. Mood disorders and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2016; 63:32-37. [PMID: 27647538 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.16.02325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association between gluten related disorders and psychiatric diseases has been firmly demonstrated. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome diagnosed in patients responsive to gluten-free diet after ruling out celiac disease and wheat allergy. The pathogenesis of neuro-psychiatric disorders in NCGS is unclear. An association between gluten and schizophrenia was described for the first time in 1950 by Bender et al. In the 1950's, Dicke noted that gluten-free diet improved mood in celiac patients. In 1970, Goldberg et al., in a study of 80 celiac patients, found that 34% of them showed minor affective disorders. Bipolar disorder patients show an increase of blood anti gliadin deamidated antibodies (IgG). The effect of diet and nutrition on autistic spectrum disorders has been investigated in the last two decades, particularly focusing on the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention. Toxoplasma gondii and other neurotropic pathogens as Influenzavirus and Coronavirus may be associated with mood disorders, probably secondary to an increased intestinal permeability. Abnormalities of host-microbiota interactions or of gut-microbiota composition have been associated with central nervous system disorders, such as autism, anxiety, depression and the integrity of intestinal microbiota may be considered a potential therapeutic goal to treat these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Pozzi
- Gastro-intestinal Endoscopy Service, "Zucchi" Private Clinics, San Donato Hospitals, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bachetti
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Torti
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Institute of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Villanacci V, Del Sordo R, Salemme M, Cadei M, Sidoni A, Bassotti G. The enteric nervous system in patients with calculous and acalculous gallbladder. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:792-5. [PMID: 27068404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally thought that gallbladder motility plays a more or less important role in the pathogenesis of gallstones. Some studies have shown that some abnormalities of its intrinsic innervations, but these studies were usually limited to one cell component. AIMS We investigated the main cell components of gallbladder intrinsic innervation in patients with and without gallstones. METHODS Archival gallbladder specimens from 39 patients, 27 with gallstones (age range 45-69 yrs) and 12 patients without gallstones (age range 39-71 yrs) were obtained. Full thickness sections were obtained from the gallbladder neck and immunohistochemistry was carried out for enteric neurons (neuron-specific enolase and calretinin), enteric glia (S100) and interstitial cells of Cajal (CD117 and CD34); tryptase staining was also done to distinguish the latter from mast cells. RESULTS Apart from calretinin-positive neurons, patients with gallstones featured a significant decrease of neurons, enteric glial cells (EGC) and mast cells compared to those without gallstones; interstitial cells of Cajal were extremely few and only found in two patients, one for each group. CONCLUSIONS The intrinsic innervations of the gallbladder is abnormal in gallstone patients, and this may contribute to gallstone formation in these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Villanacci
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Pathology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marianna Salemme
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Pathology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Sidoni A, Nascimbeni R, Dore MP, Binda GA, Bandelloni R, Salemme M, Del Sordo R, Cadei M, Manca A, Bernardini N, Maurer CA, Cathomas G. Myenteric plexitis: A frequent feature in patients undergoing surgery for colonic diverticular disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3:523-8. [PMID: 26668745 DOI: 10.1177/2050640614563822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease of the colon is frequent in clinical practice, and a large number of patients each year undergo surgical procedures worldwide for their symptoms. Thus, there is a need for better knowledge of the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of this disease entity. OBJECTIVES Because patients with colonic diverticular disease have been shown to display abnormalities of the enteric nervous system, we assessed the frequency of myenteric plexitis (i.e. the infiltration of myenteric ganglions by inflammatory cells) in patients undergoing surgery for this condition. METHODS We analyzed archival resection samples from the proximal resection margins of 165 patients undergoing left hemicolectomy (60 emergency and 105 elective surgeries) for colonic diverticulitis, by histology and immunochemistry. RESULTS Overall, plexitis was present in almost 40% of patients. It was subdivided into an eosinophilic (48%) and a lymphocytic (52%) subtype. Plexitis was more frequent in younger patients; and it was more frequent in those undergoing emergency surgery (50%), compared to elective (28%) surgery (p = 0.007). All the severe cases of plexitis displayed the lymphocytic subtype. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, myenteric plexitis is frequent in patients with colonic diverticular disease needing surgery, and it might be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nascimbeni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria P Dore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gian A Binda
- Department of General Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Pathology Institute, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gieri Cathomas
- Hospital of Baselland, University of Basel, Liestal, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biasiotto G, Penza M, Zanella I, Cadei M, Caimi L, Rossini C, Smeds AI, Di Lorenzo D. Oilseeds ameliorate metabolic parameters in male mice, while contained lignans inhibit 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1685-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
25
|
Benerini Gatta L, Balzarini P, Cadei M, Castelli F, Grigolato P. Haematobium eggs detection in human bladder cancer and sporocysts in snail vectors: Seven cases report and a review of the Burkina Faso literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:287-90. [PMID: 22867954 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium plays a central role in the development of bladder cancer in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of S. haematobium in the bladder cancer and in vector snails. For the first time, formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Molecular detection has resulted in 7/7 positive bladder cancer. Finally, as the snail vectors were positive. We suggest the use of molecular methods in the snail vectors for the detection of cysts and in cancerous tissues in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Benerini Gatta
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benerini Gatta L, Cadei M, Balzarini P, Castriciano S, Paroni R, Verzeletti A, Cortellini V, De Ferrari F, Grigolato P. Application of alternative fixatives to formalin in diagnostic pathology. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e12. [PMID: 22688293 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixation is a critical step in the preparation of tissues for histopathology. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different fixatives vs formalin on proteins and DNA, and to evaluate alternative fixation for morphological diagnosis and nucleic acid preservation for molecular methods. Forty tissues were fixed for 24 h with six different fixatives: the gold standard fixative formalin, the historical fixatives Bouin and Hollande, and the alternative fixatives Greenfix, UPM and CyMol. Tissues were stained (Haematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, Trichromic, Alcian-blue, High Iron Diamine), and their antigenicity was determined by immunohistochemistry (performed with PAN-CK, CD31, Ki-67, S100, CD68, AML antibodies). DNA extraction, KRAS sequencing, FISH for CEP-17, and flow cytometry analysis of nuclear DNA content were applied. For cell morphology the alternative fixatives (Greenfix, UPM, CyMol) were equivalent to formalin. As expected, Hollande proved the best fixative for morphology. The morphology obtained with Bouin was comparable to that with formalin. Hollande was the best fixative for histochemistry. Bouin proved equivalent to formalin. The alternative fixatives were equivalent to formalin, although with greater variability in haematoxylin-eosin staining. It proved possible to obtain immunohistochemical staining largely equivalent to that following formalin-fixation with the following fixatives: Greenfix, Hollande, UPM and CyMol. The tissues fixed in Bouin did not provide results comparable to those obtained with formalin. The DNA extracted from samples fixed with alternative fixatives was found to be suitable for molecular analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Benerini Gatta
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gatta LB, Cadei M, Balzarini P, Castriciano S, Paroni R, Verzeletti A, Cortellini V, De Ferrari F, Grigolato P. Application of alternative fixatives to formalin in diagnostic pathology. Eur J Histochem 2012. [PMID: 22688293 PMCID: PMC3428961 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixation is a critical step in the preparation of tissues for histopathology. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different fixatives vs formalin on proteins and DNA, and to evaluate alternative fixation for morphological diagnosis and nucleic acid preservation for molecular methods. Forty tissues were fixed for 24 h with six different fixatives: the gold standard fixative formalin, the historical fixatives Bouin and Hollande, and the alternative fixatives Greenfix, UPM and CyMol. Tissues were stained (Haematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, Trichromic, Alcian-blue, High Iron Diamine), and their antigenicity was determined by immunohistochemistry (performed with PAN-CK, CD31, Ki-67, S100, CD68, AML antibodies). DNA extraction, KRAS sequencing, FISH for CEP-17, and flow cytometry analysis of nuclear DNA content were applied. For cell morphology the alternative fixatives (Greenfix, UPM, CyMol) were equivalent to formalin. As expected, Hollande proved the best fixative for morphology. The morphology obtained with Bouin was comparable to that with formalin. Hollande was the best fixative for histochemistry. Bouin proved equivalent to formalin. The alternative fixatives were equivalent to formalin, although with greater variability in haematoxylin-eosin staining. It proved possible to obtain immunohistochemical staining largely equivalent to that following formalin-fixation with the following fixatives: Greenfix, Hollande, UPM and CyMol. The tissues fixed in Bouin did not provide results comparable to those obtained with formalin. The DNA extracted from samples fixed with alternative fixatives was found to be suitable for molecular analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Benerini Gatta
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia
| | - M. Cadei
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia
| | - P. Balzarini
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia
| | | | | | - A. Verzeletti
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - V. Cortellini
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - F. De Ferrari
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - P. Grigolato
- Second Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Bellomi A, Fante R, Cadei M, Vicenzi L, Tonelli F, Nesi G, Asteria CR. An assessment of enteric nervous system and estroprogestinic receptors in obstructed defecation associated with rectal intussusception. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:e155-61. [PMID: 22188470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological basis of obstructed defecation (OD) is still incompletely understood. In particular, few or no data are available concerning the enteric nervous system (ENS) in this condition. We investigated ENS abnormalities in patients with OD, undergoing surgery, together with the presence of estrogen (α and β) and progesterone receptors, and compare the results with those obtained in controls. METHODS Full-thickness rectal samples were obtained from 17 patients undergoing stapled transanal rectal resection for OD associated with rectal intussusception. Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for enteric neurons, enteric glial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Data were compared with those obtained in 10 controls. KEY RESULTS No differences between patients and controls were found for enteric neurons, whereas (compared with controls) OD patients displayed a significant decrease of enteric glial cells in both the submucous (P = 0.0006) and the myenteric (P < 0.0001) plexus. ICC were significantly increased in patients in the submucosal surface (P < 0.0001) and the myenteric area (P < 0.0001). Concerning estroprogestinic receptors, both were present on ICC in patients and controls. Estrogen receptors α and progesterone receptors were absent on enteric neurons and enteric glial cells in patients and controls, whereas estrogen receptors β were present in all controls and in 69% of patients' enteric neurons (P = 0.18) and in 12% of patients' glial cells (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Patients with OD associated to rectal intussusception display abnormalities of the ENS and of estrogen receptors β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Nascimbeni R, Cadei M, Manenti S, Antonelli E, Fanini L, Salerni B. Increase of colonic mast cells in obstructed defecation and their relationship with enteric glia. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:65-71. [PMID: 21814802 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are involved in visceral hypersensitivity and motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is almost no information concerning mast cells in constipated patients. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate mast cells distribution in all colonic layers in controls and severely constipated patients with obstructed defecation. METHODS Full-thickness specimens from colons of patients undergoing surgery for obstructed defecation due to refractoriness to other therapeutic interventions (n = 11), compared to controls, were obtained and the number of mast cells (evaluated by specific monoclonal antibodies) were counted in the whole viscus and in the various colonic segments (cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid). RESULTS Compared to controls, constipated patients had significantly higher numbers of mast cells, both as an overall number and in single colonic segments. This increase was especially evident in the mucosa and submucosa. Mast cells were homogeneously represented in the various segment of the large bowel, in both controls and patients. Degranulated mast cells were found to be close to enteric glial cells and glial filaments. CONCLUSIONS Colonic mast cells are increased in obstructed defecation patients. This might represent a vicariating mechanism to the impaired colonic propulsive activity of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rovetta F, Stacchiotti A, Consiglio A, Cadei M, Grigolato PG, Lavazza A, Rezzani R, Aleo MF. ER signaling regulation drives the switch between autophagy and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells exposed to cisplatin. Exp Cell Res 2011; 318:238-50. [PMID: 22146761 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cisPt) use in chemotherapy is limited by the occurrence of a severe nephrotoxicity. Both autophagy and apoptosis seem to contribute in kidney response to cisPt, however their cross-talk is still controversial, since the role played by autophagy (cytoprotective or harmful) and the cellular site driving their switch, are still unclear. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to study the correlation between autophagy and apoptosis in renal NRK-52E cells exposed to cisPt. We showed two "sensitivity-thresholds" to cisPt, stating whether apoptosis or autophagy would develop: 10 μM dose of cisPt activated autophagy that preserved cell homeostasis; however 3-methyladenine co-administration affected cell viability and induced apoptosis. In contrast, 50 μM cisPt determined cell death by apoptosis, whereas the pre-conditioning with taurine contributed to cell rescue, delaying apoptosis and maintaining autophagy. Hence, autophagy protects NRK-52E cells from cisPt injury. By studying the expression of ER specific hallmarks, such as GRP78, GRP94 and GADD153/CHOP, we found a possible pivotal role of ER signaling modulation in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis induced by cisPt. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that taurine enhances autophagic protection against apoptosis by reducing ER stress, thus making it possible to develop new strategies to reduce severe cisPt-induced side-effects such as nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rovetta
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stacchiotti A, Rovetta F, Cadei M, Grigolato P, Lavazza A, Rezzani R, Aleo M. ER stress is an important player in the cross-talk between cisplatin-induced autophagy or apoptosis in renal NRK52E cells. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Nascimbeni R, Cadei M, Manenti S, Sabatino G, Maurer CA, Cathomas G, Salerni B. Colonic mast cells in controls and slow transit constipation patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:92-9. [PMID: 21539589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is recent evidence that mast cells may play important roles in the gut, especially concerning visceral hypersensitivity and motor activity. However, most data are only available for clinical conditions characterised by diarrhoea, where MC have chiefly investigated in the mucosal layer of the colon and there is almost no information concerning constipation. AIM To investigate mast cells distribution in all colonic layers in controls and severely constipated patients. METHODS Full-thickness specimens from colons of patients undergoing surgery for slow transit constipation (n=29), compared with controls, were obtained and the number of mast cells (evaluated by specific monoclonal antibodies) counted as a whole and in single colonic segments (caecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid). RESULTS Compared with controls, constipated patients revealed significantly higher number of mast cells, both as overall number and in single colonic segments. The distribution of mast cells resulted fairly homogeneous in the various segment of the large bowel, in both controls and patients, and no significant difference in the percentage of degranulated cells was found between groups. CONCLUSIONS Colonic mast cells display a homogeneous distribution within the viscus. This cell population is shown to increase in severely constipated patients, which might represent a mechanism trying to compensate for the impaired propulsive activity of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bassotti
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, San Sisto (Perugia), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Nascimbeni R, Cadei M, Fisogni S, Antonelli E, Corazzi N, Salerni B. Enteric neuroglial apoptosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2009; 3:264-70. [PMID: 21172285 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric nervous system abnormalities have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities remain to date largely unknown. AIMS We investigated the potential role of apoptotic phenomena in enteric neurons and enteroglial cells in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Full-thickness surgical specimens of 19 patients undergoing surgery for medically refractory disease (9 from the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease, 10 from the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis) were assessed for the presence of enteric neurons and enteroglial cells and for their apoptosis by two immunohistochemical methods, one also able to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis. The results were compared with those obtained in control specimens. RESULTS Concerning Crohn's disease, the ileal segments displayed a significant increase of apoptotic enteric neurons and enteroglial cells in both the submucous and the myenteric plexus compared to controls. In patients with ulcerative colitis, compared to controls, apoptotic phenomena were significantly reduced in enteric neurons, whereas they were increased in the enteroglial cell population (submucous and myenteric plexus). CONCLUSIONS In patients with inflammatory bowel disease apoptotic phenomena involve both enteric neurons and enteroglial cells, and may play a role in the abnormalities of the enteric nervous system. The importance of these findings in the pathophysiology of these conditions remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Villanacci V, Bassotti G, Nascimbeni R, Antonelli E, Cadei M, Fisogni S, Salerni B, Geboes K. Enteric nervous system abnormalities in inflammatory bowel diseases. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:1009-16. [PMID: 18492026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have described abnormalities of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in tissue samples from patients with chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The distribution of density of the different cell types of the ENS was however not studied in a systematic way. The aim of this study was to examine the density of neurons, enteroglial cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the different plexuses of the ENS in samples from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls. Tissue samples from 16 patients with CD (ileum) and 16 patients with UC obtained in involved and non-involved areas were studied using immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against neuron-specific enolase, S100, C-Kit and CD3. Sections were analysed blindly by two pathologists and the number of positive cells was counted for each type. Overall, an increase was noted for neuronal cell bodies, enteroglia and ICC in the deep muscular plexus in CD. In uninvolved areas of CD patients, the number of enteroglial cells was decreased. In UC, an increase of ICC in the muscularis propria and enteroglial cells was observed in diseased tissue. The study confirms the presence of abnormalities of the different cells of the ENS in IBD. The presence of lesions in samples from uninvolved areas, such as a reduction of enteroglia, supports a pathogenetic role of the ENS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Villanacci
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rossi E, Ubiali A, Cadei M, Balzarini P, Valagussa E, Lucini L, Alpi F, Galletti A, Fontana L, Tedoldi C, Grigolato P. HER-2/neu in breast cancer: a comparative study between histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular technique (FISH). Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2007; 14:127-31. [PMID: 16785778 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000155795.41654.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HER-2/neu is a protooncogene frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique targeting the gene amplification, while immunohisto-chemistry detects the protein expression. Usually both are applied to paraffin-embedded tissue. The authors studied HER-2 by FISH and immunohistochemistry (HercepTest) in 81 breast carcinomas. The results showed an overall concordance (correlation coefficient 0.64). In all cases with HercepTest score 0 and 1+, nonamplification of the gene was observed. Gene amplification was found in 20% of cases with a 2+ score and in 77.78% of cases with a 3+ score. Data described in literature for 3+ carcinomas showed a 3% to 10% discrepancy between protein expression and gene amplification, while in this study this difference was up to 22.22%. As a consequence, even if it is usually considered important to analyze only 2+ cases by FISH, 3+ scores nonamplified for HER-2/neu may be a new, interesting subset. Furthermore, the authors investigated the two-variables correlation between chromosome 17 copy number, protein over-expression, gene amplification, and presence of metastatic lymph nodes. Interesting results came from the correlation between the HercepTest score and the HER-2/neu gene amplification evaluation, HercepTest and chromosome 17 aneusomy, and gene amplification and lymph nodes status. In conclusion, the FISH technique can be an important and useful diagnostic tool to integrate the results of the HercepTest and to select patients for immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prognosis
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Fisogni S, Cadei M, Galletti A, Morelli A, Salerni B. Comparison of three methods to assess enteric neuronal apoptosis in patients with slow transit constipation. Apoptosis 2006; 12:329-32. [PMID: 17191125 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological basis of slow transit constipation are scarcely understood. Some recent evidence suggests that increased apoptotic phenomena in the colonic enteric neurons may play a role. However, the best method to assess these phenomena has not been evaluated. AIMS To compare three different methods to detect enteric neuronal apoptosis in these patients. METHODS Serial colonic tissue sections obtained in 10 patients with intractable slow transit constipation were evaluated with immunohistochemical methods aimed at evaluating apoptotic phenomena: the formamide-MAb method, the TUNEL, and the caspase-3. RESULTS The highest yield of apoptotic neurons was obtained by means of the formamide-MAb method, compared to the other two, whereas the lowest yield was observed with the caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS The formamide-MAb method, which is able to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis and is not influenced by DNA breaks, may prove useful to assess neuronal apoptotic phenomena in the human enteric nervous system. This represents a relevant method to detect enteric neuronal apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Villanacci V, Bassotti G, Cathomas G, Maurer CA, Di Fabio F, Fisogni S, Cadei M, Mazzocchi A, Salerni B. Is pseudomelanosis coli a marker of colonic neuropathy in severely constipated patients? Histopathology 2006; 49:132-7. [PMID: 16879390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study relationships between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of colonic enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, which are significantly reduced compared with controls in severely constipated patients. Pseudomelanosis coli is frequent in patients using anthraquinone laxatives. It is not known whether the prolonged use of these compounds damages the enteric nervous system in constipated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The relationship between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of colonic enteric neurons (as well as that of apoptotic enteric neurons) and of interstitial cells of Cajal was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical methods in 16 patients with chronic use of anthraquinone laxatives undergoing surgery for severe constipation unresponsive to medical treatment. No relationship was found between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of enteric neurons (and that of the apoptotic ones), nor of interstitial cells of Cajal, in either the submucosal or the myenteric plexus. CONCLUSION The use of anthraquinone laxatives, leading to the appearance of pseudomelanosis coli, is probably not related to the abnormalities of the enteric nervous system found in severely constipated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Villanacci
- Department of Surgery, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Maurer CA, Fisogni S, Di Fabio F, Cadei M, Morelli A, Panagiotis T, Cathomas G, Salerni B. The role of glial cells and apoptosis of enteric neurones in the neuropathology of intractable slow transit constipation. Gut 2006. [PMID: 16041063 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic slow transit constipation is one of the most severe and often intractable forms of constipation. As motor abnormalities are thought to play an important pathogenetic role, studies have been performed on the colonic neuroenteric system, which rules the motor aspects of the viscus. AIMS We hypothesised that important neuropathological abnormalities of the large bowel are present, that these are not confined to the interstitial cells of Cajal and ganglion cells, and that the previously described reduction of enteric neurones, if confirmed, might be related to an increase in programmed cell death (apoptosis). PATIENTS AND METHODS Surgical specimens from 26 severely constipated patients were assessed by conventional and immunohistochemical methods. Specific staining for enteric neurones, glial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter were used. In addition, gangliar cell apoptosis was evaluated by means of indirect and direct techniques. Data from patients were compared with those obtained in 10 controls. RESULTS Severely constipated patients displayed a significant decrease in enteric gangliar cells, glial cells, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Patients had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurones than controls. CONCLUSION Severely constipated patients have important neuroenteric abnormalities, not confined to gangliar cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The reduction of enteric neurones may in part be due to increased apoptotic phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bassotti
- Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, Padiglione W, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Maurer CA, Fisogni S, Di Fabio F, Cadei M, Morelli A, Panagiotis T, Cathomas G, Salerni B. The role of glial cells and apoptosis of enteric neurones in the neuropathology of intractable slow transit constipation. Gut 2006; 55:41-6. [PMID: 16041063 PMCID: PMC1856399 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.073197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic slow transit constipation is one of the most severe and often intractable forms of constipation. As motor abnormalities are thought to play an important pathogenetic role, studies have been performed on the colonic neuroenteric system, which rules the motor aspects of the viscus. AIMS We hypothesised that important neuropathological abnormalities of the large bowel are present, that these are not confined to the interstitial cells of Cajal and ganglion cells, and that the previously described reduction of enteric neurones, if confirmed, might be related to an increase in programmed cell death (apoptosis). PATIENTS AND METHODS Surgical specimens from 26 severely constipated patients were assessed by conventional and immunohistochemical methods. Specific staining for enteric neurones, glial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter were used. In addition, gangliar cell apoptosis was evaluated by means of indirect and direct techniques. Data from patients were compared with those obtained in 10 controls. RESULTS Severely constipated patients displayed a significant decrease in enteric gangliar cells, glial cells, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Fibroblast-like cells associated with the latter did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Patients had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurones than controls. CONCLUSION Severely constipated patients have important neuroenteric abnormalities, not confined to gangliar cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. The reduction of enteric neurones may in part be due to increased apoptotic phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bassotti
- Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, Padiglione W, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rossi E, Ubiali A, Balzarini P, Cadei M, Alpi F, Grigolatoi PG. High-level detection of gene amplification and chromosome aneuploidy in extracted nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue of human cancer using FISH: a new approach for retrospective studies. Eur J Histochem 2005; 49:53-8. [PMID: 15823795 DOI: 10.4081/927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to isolated nuclei is described. The method detects gene amplification and chromosome aneuploidy in extracted nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue of human cancer with greater sensitivity and specificity than existing FISH methods. In this study, the method is applied to signal detection of the HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2) gene, whose amplification is one of the most common genetic alterations associated with human breast cancer. Nuclei were extracted and isolated from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of 43 different carcinomas (breast, ovary, endometrium, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and malignant mesothelioma). FISH was performed both on sections and extracted nuclei of each tissue using chromosome enumeration probes (CEP) for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 8 and 17, and a locus specific identifier (LSI) for the HER-2/neu oncogene. Differences between ploidy calculated in sections and extracted nuclei were seen in 3 breast carcinomas and 1 gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Furthermore, 1 breast cancer, previously considered to be borderline for HER-2/neu gene amplification turned out to be clearly amplified. Nuclei extraction and isolation bypass all the problems related to signal interpretation in tissue sections, and the adoption of this new technique, which improves the signal quality in several neoplastic samples, is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bachetti T, Comini L, Francolini G, Bastianon D, Valetti B, Cadei M, Grigolato P, Suzuki H, Finazzi D, Albertini A, Curello S, Ferrari R. Arginase pathway in human endothelial cells in pathophysiological conditions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005; 37:515-23. [PMID: 15276021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective. - Arginase is a nitric oxide synthase-alternative pathway for l-arginine breakdown leading to biosynthesis of urea and l-ornithine. Arginase pathway is inducible by inflammatory molecules-such as cytokines and bacterial endotoxin-in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. The presence of an arginase pathway in human endothelial cells and its possible modulation by inflammation are unknown. Methods. - We have: (i) characterised arginase pathway in terms of activity, isoform type and gene expression in a primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) line; (ii) evaluated arginase functional role in cell proliferation with the aid of l-norvaline, an arginase inhibitor and (iii) determined the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and endotoxin on arginase pathway. Results. - HUVEC showed a baseline arginase activity and expression of both arginase isoforms (arginase I and II (A-I and A-II, respectively)) which resulted in l-norvaline-inhibitable cellular polyamine synthesis. The baseline arginase activity is important for HUVEC proliferation as cell cycle analysis and nuclear factor Ki-67 immunostaining revealed. Following incubation with inflammatory molecules, arginase activity increased but HUVEC cell cycling decreased. Conclusions. - A-I and A-II are constitutively expressed in HUVEC where they take part to the regulation of cell cycling. Although arginase activity is positively modulated by inflammatory molecules, it is insufficient to counteract the overall cell cycling inhibiting effects of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bachetti
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Research Centre, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, Via Pinidolo 23, Gussago (Brescia) 25064, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ubiali A, Cadei M, Grigolato PG. Spectrophotometric assessment of nuclear proteins: a preliminary study. Eur J Histochem 2004; 48:329-34. [PMID: 15590423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Qualitative evaluation of protein content in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues is usually performed by means of cytofluorimetric analysis. On the other hand, several studies underline the opportunity to measure the concentration of nuclear proteins, which is often accomplished by using complex techniques and instrumentation. In the present work, we suggest a new application for the spectrophotometric evaluation of protein content on extracted and isolated nuclei, based on EDTA treatment of specimens and chemical extraction of proteins, followed by direct spectrophotometric measurement at UV wavelengths. We also demonstrate how this parameter correlates with other diagnostic factors, such as the proliferation index (MIB-1) and the DNA content (ploidy) of cells. This method is simple and effective, yet less expensive than other protein quantitation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ubiali
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Uberti D, Piccioni L, Cadei M, Grigolato P, Rotter V, Memo M. p53 is dispensable for apoptosis but controls neurogenesis of mouse dentate gyrus cells following gamma-irradiation. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 93:81-9. [PMID: 11532341 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells respond to DNA insults by activating cell-cycle checkpoints. This may result in a temporary cell growth arrest which allows DNA repair before proliferation or induces apoptosis. p53 is one of the main contributors in regulating these activities. To get a better insight on the molecular mechanism underlying these activities we studied the role of p53 in apoptosis and neurogenesis of brain cells from adult p53(+/+) or p53(-/-) mice exposed to gamma-irradiation. Apoptosis and neurogenesis were assessed up to 14 days following the injury. Five-ten hours following gamma-irradiation, cells with TUNEL positive nuclei were identified within the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus (DG) of both p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice. At the same time-points, pyknotic and shrinking nuclei were visualized by Hoechst 33258 staining. Furthermore, gamma-irradiation increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells with a peak at 5-10 h in both animal groups. PCNA immunoreactivity was detected in cells exhibiting condensed nuclei as visualized by Hoechst 33258 staining. Neurogenesis, assessed by mitotic marker p34(cdc2) immunoreactivity, showed a biphasic response to gamma-irradiation both in p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) mice which was characterized by an early inhibition and a delayed stimulation. In p53(-/-) mice, the time required by DG granule cells to recover from the lesion and to stimulate proliferation was significantly shortened in comparison with wild-type mice thus resulting in an accelerated neurogenesis. Our data indicate that following gamma-radiation p53 plays a role in regulating cell-cycle progression rate but it is dispensable for promoting apoptosis of DG granule cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Uberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia Medical School, Via Valsabbina 19, 251213 Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Agnoletti L, Curello S, Malacarne F, Gaia G, Cadei M, Grigolato PG, Ferrari R. Monocytes from patients with congestive heart failure induce apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Eur J Heart Fail 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Agnoletti
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Salvatore Curello
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Fabio Malacarne
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gaia
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Moris Cadei
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Pier G. Grigolato
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS Gussago (Brescia) Chair of Cardiology, University of Brescia and Ferrara; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Agnoletti L, Curello S, Bachetti T, Malacarne F, Gaia G, Comini L, Volterrani M, Bonetti P, Parrinello G, Cadei M, Grigolato PG, Ferrari R. Serum from patients with severe heart failure downregulates eNOS and is proapoptotic: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Circulation 1999; 100:1983-91. [PMID: 10556225 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.19.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine activation and endothelial dysfunction are typical phenomena of congestive heart failure (CHF). We tested the hypothesis that incubating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with serum from patients with CHF will downregulate endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and induce apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 21 patients with severe CHF. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and several neuroendocrine parameters were assessed. eNOS was measured by Western Blot analysis and apoptosis by optical microscopy and flow cytometry. We observed (1) eNOS downregulation (difference versus healthy subjects at 24 hours [P<0.05] and 48 hours [P<0.001]), (2) nuclear morphological changes typical of apoptosis; and (3) a high apoptotic rate with propidium iodide (increasing from 2.1+/-0.4% to 11.3+/-1.2% at 48 hours; P<0.001 versus healthy subjects) and annexin V. An anti-human TNF-alpha antibody did not completely counteract these effects. A strong correlation existed between eNOS downregulation and apoptosis (r = -0.89; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum from patients with severe CHF downregulates eNOS expression and increases apoptosis. High levels of TNF-alpha likely play a role, but they cannot be the only factor responsible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Agnoletti
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute for Care and Research, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Research Centre, Gussago, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Balzarini P, Grigolato P, Tardanico R, Cadei M, Cunico SC, Cozzoli A, Zanotelli T, van den Berghe H, Dal Cin P. Multitechnical pathological diagnosis in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 1999; 6:295-9. [PMID: 10022992 DOI: 10.3892/or.6.2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were diagnosed on the basis of their morphology and their karyotype complemented by flow cytometry. In one of these cases, however, all these investigations were not sufficient and additional histochemistry investigation had to be used to completely rule out other renal tumors such as oncocytoma, the prognosis of which is totally different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Balzarini
- Cattedra di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grigolato PG, Tebaldi P, Cadei M, Alpi F, Cagna F. Biparametric analysis of DNA and Ag-NOR content for ploidy and kinetics. Eur J Histochem 1998; 41 Suppl 2:129-30. [PMID: 9859815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P G Grigolato
- Cattedra di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Università degli Studi-Spedali Civili di Brescia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grigolato PG, Tebaldi P, Cadei M, Alpi F, Lucchini K. Ploidy and kinetics: comparative study with DNA flow cytometry and AgNOR protein quantification with image analysis. Eur J Histochem 1998; 41 Suppl 2:131-2. [PMID: 9859816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P G Grigolato
- Cattedra di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Università degli Studi-Spedali Civili di Brescia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Villanacci V, Grigolato PG, Cadei M, Cestari R, Ravelli P, Missale G. [Flow cytometry sutdy of DNA and cell kinetics in the adenoma- carcinoma sequence in the large intestine]. Pathologica 1998; 90:120-6. [PMID: 9619054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The quantitation of DNA and growth fraction in the different step from dysplastic to neoplastic process in large bowel is the aim of this study. 70 colonic polyps were studied. The fresh specimens were processed and DNA analysis was carried out using a Partec CA II flow cytometer and the growth fraction was tested with KI-67 monoclonal antibody. The percentage of S-phase cells has been calculated with the Multicycle program. Our results demonstrated that 7 adenomas were tubulo-villous with mild dysplasia, 39 with mild-moderate dysplasia, 1 with severe dysplasia, 5 were polypoid carcinomas, 2 juvenile polyps, 1 polypoid leiomyoma, 1 inflammatory fibroid polyps. DNA analysis showed a diploid DNA content in non adenomatous polyps, in all adenomas with mild dysplasia, in 37 with mild-moderate dysplasia, in 8 cases with moderate-severe dysplasia and 1 cancer. Aneuploidy was discovered in 2 cases with mild-moderate dysplasia, in 6 cases with moderate-severe dysplasia, in the case of severe dysplasia and in 4 cases of carcinomas. Best indexes of linear correlation (Pearson's r) has been found between S-phase and DNA index (r = .75) and between S-phase and KI-67 (r = .82). IN CONCLUSION 1) No relationship was found between DNA content and age, sex, size and location of polyps. 2) Aneuploidy is strictly related to moderate-severe grade of dysplasia therefore it is an important element in the development of adenomacarcinoma sequence. 3) DNA-index, S-phase and KI-67 are strictly related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Villanacci
- Cattedra di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Università degli Studi-Spedali Civili di Brescia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vitale M, Rezzani R, Rodella L, Zauli G, Grigolato P, Cadei M, Hicklin DJ, Ferrone S. HLA class I antigen and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) down-regulation in high-grade primary breast carcinoma lesions. Cancer Res 1998; 58:737-42. [PMID: 9485029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Five specimens of normal mammary tissue and 53 primary breast carcinoma lesions were tested for expression of HLA antigens and components of the antigen-processing machinery by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1, TAP2, and HLA class I antigens in breast carcinoma lesions was significantly associated with tumor grading. Like normal mammary tissue, the 16 low-grade (G1) breast carcinoma lesions showed strong staining for TAP1, TAP2, and HLA class I antigens. In contrast, only 12 (32%) of 37 high-grade (G2 and G3) breast carcinoma lesions displayed the normal staining pattern. In 14 (38%) of 37 high-grade lesions, HLA class I antigen down-regulation was observed without loss of low molecular mass polypeptide and/or TAP staining. Congruent down-regulation of HLA class I antigen and TAP1 or TAP2 was found in 8 (22%) of 37 high-grade lesions. Complete loss of HLA class I antigens, TAP1, and TAP2 was observed in 3 (8%) of 37 high-grade lesions. No lesion was negative for TAP1 and/or TAP2 staining while positive for HLA class I antigen staining. These data demonstrate an association of HLA class I antigen and TAP down-regulation with tumor progression in breast carcinoma. This association suggests that loss of HLA and/or TAP may represent an escape from the host's immune pressure or may reflect the accumulation of abnormalities associated with neoplastic progression. This accumulation of defects in antigen processing and presentation may in turn be responsible for reduced recognition of malignant cells by putative clinically relevant tumor-specific T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vitale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|