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Mitchell A, Maheen H, Bowen K. Mental health impacts from repeated climate disasters: an australian longitudinal analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 47:101087. [PMID: 38831889 PMCID: PMC11145535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense under changing climatic conditions. Whilst there is substantial evidence that exposure to a single weather related disaster is detrimental for mental health, few studies have explored how exposure to multiple disasters impacts mental health. Methods We utilised 11 waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, yielding a sample of 16,629 observations from 2003 individuals. Fixed effects linear regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of experiencing multiple disasters on mental health. We tested for effect modification on this association by sex, rurality, employment and presence of a long-term health condition. Findings Exposure to multiple disasters was associated with a relative decrease in MHI-5 score compared to baseline by -1.8 points (95% CI -3.4, -0.3), whereas exposure to a single disaster was not associated with a decline in mental health scores. There was evidence of effect modification by employment status. Unemployed individuals had evidence of moderate reduction in MHI-5 scores when exposed to a single disaster (-4.3, 95% CI -7.0, -1.5). Interpretation Findings suggest that repeat exposure to disasters is associated with worsening mental health outcomes. As extreme weather events increase, these findings highlight the need for greater attention on climate change action, and mental health interventions targeting impacted populations. Funding Suicide Prevention Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mitchell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Humaira Maheen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Bowen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Tota M, Karska J, Kowalski S, Piątek N, Pszczołowska M, Mazur K, Piotrowski P. Environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions: insights into the effect on mental health. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1389051. [PMID: 38863619 PMCID: PMC11165707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1389051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution exposures, including air, soil, water, light, and noise pollution, are critical issues that may implicate adverse mental health outcomes. Extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and droughts, may also cause long-term severe concerns. However, the knowledge about possible psychiatric disorders associated with these exposures is currently not well disseminated. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on the impact of environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions on mental health, focusing on anxiety spectrum disorders, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and depression. In air pollution studies, increased concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were the most strongly associated with the exacerbation of anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression symptoms. We provide an overview of the suggested underlying pathomechanisms involved. We highlight that the pathogenesis of environmental pollution-related diseases is multifactorial, including increased oxidative stress, systematic inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and epigenetic dysregulation. Light pollution and noise pollution were correlated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the impact of soil and water pollution is discussed. Such compounds as crude oil, heavy metals, natural gas, agro-chemicals (pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers), polycyclic or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), solvents, lead (Pb), and asbestos were associated with detrimental impact on mental health. Extreme weather conditions were linked to depression and anxiety spectrum disorders, namely PTSD. Several policy recommendations and awareness campaigns should be implemented, advocating for the advancement of high-quality urbanization, the mitigation of environmental pollution, and, consequently, the enhancement of residents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Piątek
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Mazur
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Auchincloss AH, Ruggiero DA, Donnelly MT, Chernak ED, Kephart JL. Adolescent mental distress in the wake of climate disasters. Prev Med Rep 2024; 39:102651. [PMID: 38405174 PMCID: PMC10884511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Retrospective exposure to a higher number and prolonged duration of climate-related disasters could be positively associated with adolescent mental distress. Methods Person-level data came from 38,616 high-school students residing in 22 urban public-school districts in 14 states (U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2019). Each district's federally declared climate-related catastrophes (severe storms, floods, wildfire, etc.) came from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Logistic regression models estimated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of adolescent mental distress (MD, using survey responses feeling prolonged sadness/ hopelessness and short sleep duration) according to disaster events and days during three exposure periods (past 2-, 5-, 10-years); adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, socio-economic disadvantage, feeling unsafe at school, district area size, district poverty, and region. Results Over 10 years, the median number of disaster events was 3 and total disaster days was 64. Adolescents experiencing the highest number of disaster days (top quartile vs. less) had 25% higher odds of MD when exposed within the past 2-years (aOR 1.25 [95% CI 1.14, 1.38]), and 20% higher odds of MD when exposed within the past 5-years (aOR 1.20 95% CI 1.07, 1.35). The odds of MD were not statistically associated with exposure periods that extended to 10 years, nor disaster events (instead of disaster days, all p-values > 0.1). Conclusions Severe weather will become more frequent and last longer with human-induced climate warming. More studies like this are needed to understand the broad range of adverse effects and enhance planning and preparedness including preparing for worsening mental health among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Auchincloss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic A. Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan T. Donnelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esther D. Chernak
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josiah L. Kephart
- Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Strough J, Parker AM, Ayer L, Parks V, Finucane ML. Aging and Emotional Well-Being After Disasters: Vulnerability and Resilience. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2024; 64:gnad099. [PMID: 37470357 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Climate change threatens well-being and has increased the prevalence of weather-related disasters. We investigated age differences in emotional well-being among adults who had experienced hurricane-related, unavoidable stressors. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) posits that age-related motivational shifts buffer older adults against psychological distress, whereas the strength and vulnerability integration model (SAVI) posits that unavoidable stressors are more detrimental to older adults' well-being compared to younger adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used existing self-report data from a life-span sample of adults (N = 618, M age = 58.44 years, standard deviation = 16.03, 18-96 years) who resided in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. The sample was recruited in 2016 to examine the sequelae of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and contacted again after the 2017 and 2018 hurricane seasons. In 2016, participants reported their depression, anxiety, and trauma history. After the 2017-2018 hurricane seasons, participants reported their depression, post-traumatic stress, exposure to hurricane-related adversities, injuries and casualties, self-efficacy, and perceived health. RESULTS In line with SST, older age was associated with reporting significantly fewer depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, even after controlling for exposure to hurricane-related adversities, injuries and casualties, health, self-efficacy, pre-hurricane depression, anxiety, and trauma. The association between older age and fewer depression symptoms was stronger among those who experienced hurricane-related adversities compared to those who had not, in contrast to predictions based on SAVI. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We discuss the implications of age-related strengths in emotional well-being for policy and practice in the context of the ongoing climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoNell Strough
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Oerther S, Berkley A, Reangsing C. The Role of the School Nurse in Addressing Climate-Associated Illnesses: Mental Well-being. NASN Sch Nurse 2023:1942602X231214264. [PMID: 38058178 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x231214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Human health is being impacted by anthropogenic (human-made) climate change. This article describes four ways that climate change may affect mental well-being in school-age children. First, natural disasters-such as more frequent and intense tornadoes and flash floods-may have a direct influence on mental well-being by contributing to acute anxiety and distress. Second, indirect effects of severe weather-including changes in social support systems-may affect mental well-being by increasing isolation. Third, children may suffer feelings of anxiety or depression if they perceive a sense of powerlessness to solve the challenges of a changing climate. Finally, school nurses need to be aware of the emergence of correlations-such as data that suggest increases in temperature may influence the use of inpatient mental health services and suicidal ideations-that require further scientific exploration. This article aims to increase school nurses' understanding of how climate changes may impact the mental well-being of school-age children and to provide strategies for creating a safe, healthy learning environment. This article is the fourth in a series aimed at raising awareness among school nurses about climate-associated illnesses and equipping them with the resources they need to protect school-age children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy Berkley
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
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James C. H, Maldonado-Molina MM, Schwartz SJ, García MF, Piñeros-Leaño MF, Bates MM, Montero-Zamora P, Calderón I, Rodríguez J, Salas-Wright CP. The impact of hurricane trauma and cultural stress on posttraumatic stress among hurricane Maria survivors relocated to the U.S. mainland. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023:2024-23222-001. [PMID: 37917483 PMCID: PMC11063122 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following Hurricane Maria, scores of Puerto Rican "Maria migrants" fled the island with thousands permanently resettling on the United States (U.S.) mainland. Emerging evidence suggests that many Maria migrants are exposed to migration-related cultural stressors, including discrimination, negative context of reception, and language stress. The present study examines the associations of premigration hurricane trauma and postmigration cultural stress with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and positive PTSD screens. METHOD Participants were 319 adult (age 18+, 71% female) Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. Data were collected virtually between August 2020 and October 2021. Participants completed Spanish-language measures of hurricane-related trauma, postmigration cultural stress exposure, PTSD symptoms, and positive screens. RESULTS One in five (20.5%) Maria migrants reported PTSD scores in the range indicating a likely PTSD diagnosis (i.e., positive screen of 50+). Both hurricane trauma and migration-related cultural stressors independently predicted posttraumatic stress and positive PTSD screens. Additionally, controlling for the effect of hurricane trauma, discrimination and language stress were strongly linked with PTSD. Further, hurricane trauma and cultural stressors interact such that cultural stress predicts PTSD-positive screens at low-to-moderate levels of hurricane trauma exposure but not at high-to-very-high levels. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of providing mental health and other psychosocial supports to hurricane survivors and evacuees beyond the immediate aftermath of the disaster, and the need to consider both premigration trauma and postmigration experiences in terms of the mental health of crisis migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodges James C.
- Boston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa M. Bates
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ivonne Calderón
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - José Rodríguez
- Iglesia Episcopal Jesús de Nazaret, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Jafari M, De Roche M, Eshaghi MR. COVID-19, stress and mental health: What students expect from academic institutions during a pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1976-1983. [PMID: 34398699 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1951740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To learn about the mental health of students, the tools they use to cope with stress, and their perceptions toward the assistance they receive from their academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 593 students from two University of California campuses. Methods: The link to an anonymous survey was included in a mass email that was sent to students. Results: 87% of students expressed that their mental health has been negatively impacted by the pandemic, especially in students who already had diminished levels of self-reported mental health. Students articulated the need for increased financial, academic, and mental health support and that they want to have a voice in discussions that will lead to decisions that would impact them. Conclusion: Students reported that the pandemic has negatively impacted their mental health and that they wanted academic institutions to include them in the decision-making processes that would contribute to their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Monica De Roche
- Department of Political Science, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Matin Ryan Eshaghi
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Schmidt C. Beyond Wind and Flood: Review of Cyclone Research Spotlights Trauma Outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:104002. [PMID: 37847526 PMCID: PMC10581332 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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Huang W, Gao Y, Xu R, Yang Z, Yu P, Ye T, Ritchie EA, Li S, Guo Y. Health Effects of Cyclones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:86001. [PMID: 37639476 PMCID: PMC10461789 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More intense cyclones are expected in the future as a result of climate change. A comprehensive review is urgently needed to summarize and update the evidence on the health effects of cyclones. OBJECTIVES We aimed to provide a systematic review with meta-analysis of current evidence on the risks of all reported health outcomes related to cyclones and to identify research gaps and make recommendations for further research. METHODS We systematically searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for relevant studies in English published before 21 December 2022. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we developed inclusion criteria, screened the literature, and included epidemiological studies with a quantitative risk assessment of any mortality or morbidity-related outcomes associated with cyclone exposures. We extracted key data and assessed study quality for these studies and applied meta-analyses to quantify the overall effect estimate and the heterogeneity of comparable studies. RESULTS In total, 71 studies from eight countries (the United States, China, India, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Australia, Brazil), mostly the United States, were included in the review. These studies investigated the all-cause and cause-specific mortality, as well as morbidity related to injury, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, mental disorders, adverse birth outcomes, cancer, diabetes, and other outcomes (e.g., suicide rates, gender-based violence). Studies mostly included only one high-amplitude cyclone (cyclones with a Saffir-Simpson category of 4 or 5, i.e., Hurricanes Katrina or Sandy) and focused on mental disorders morbidity and all-cause mortality and hospitalizations. Consistently elevated risks of overall mental health morbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as all-cause mortality or hospitalizations, were found to be associated with cyclones. However, the results for other outcomes were generally mixed or limited. A statistically significant overall relative risk of 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.13], 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.25), 1.15 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.18), 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.50) was observed for all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalizations, respiratory disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations, respectively, after cyclone exposures, whereas no statistically significant risks were identified for diabetes mortality, heart disease mortality, and preterm birth. High between-study heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSIONS There is generally consistent evidence supporting the notion that high-amplitude cyclones could significantly increase risks of mental disorders, especially for PTSD, as well as mortality and hospitalizations, but the evidence for other health outcomes, such as chronic diseases (e.g., CVDs, cancer, diabetes), and adverse birth outcomes remains limited or inconsistent. More studies with rigorous exposure assessment, of larger spatial and temporal scales, and using advanced modeling strategy are warranted in the future, especially for those small cyclone-prone countries or regions with low and middle incomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12158.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Huang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Ritchie
- School of Earth Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lavin R, Couig MP, Kelley PW, Schwarts T, Ramos F. Healthcare Impacts Associated with Federally Declared Disasters-Hurricanes Gustave and Ike. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5388. [PMID: 37048001 PMCID: PMC10094278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
People impacted by disasters may have adverse non-communicable disease health effects associated with the disaster. This research examined the independent and joint impacts of federally declared disasters on the diagnosis of hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), anxiety, and medication changes 6 months before and after a disaster. Patients seen in zip codes that received a federal disaster declaration for Hurricanes Gustave or Ike in 2008 and who had electronic health records captured by MarketScan® were analyzed. The analysis included patients seen 6 months before or after Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008 and who were diagnosed with HTN, DM, or anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between post-disaster and diagnosis of hypertension, X2 (1, n = 19,328) = 3.985, p = 0.04. There was no association post-disaster and diabetes X2 (1, n = 19,328) = 0.778, p = 0.378 or anxiety, X2 (1, n = 19,328) = 0.017, p = 0.898. The research showed that there was a change in the diagnosis of HTN after a disaster. Changes in HTN are an additional important consideration for clinicians in disaster-prone areas. Data about non-communicable diseases help healthcare disaster planners to include primary care needs and providers in the plans to prevent the long-term health impacts of disasters and expedite recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lavin
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mary Pat Couig
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Thais Schwarts
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Fermin Ramos
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Wertis L, Runkle JD, Sugg MM, Singh D. Examining Hurricane Ida's Impact on Mental Health: Results From a Quasi-Experimental Analysis. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000707. [PMID: 36776989 PMCID: PMC9905064 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has evaluated the mental health effects during compounding disasters (e.g., a hurricane occurring during a pandemic), and few studies have examined post-disaster mental health with alternative data sources like crisis text lines. This study examined changes in crisis help-seeking for individuals in Louisiana, USA, before and after Hurricane Ida (2021), a storm that co-occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. An interrupted time series analysis and difference-in-difference analysis for single and multiple group comparisons were used to examine pre-and post-changes in crisis text volume (i.e., any crisis text, substance use, thoughts of suicide, stress/anxiety, and bereavement) among help-seeking individuals in communities that received US Federal Emergency Management Agency individual and public assistance following a presidential disaster declaration. Results showed a significant increase in crisis texts for any reason, thoughts of suicide, stress/anxiety, and bereavement in the four-week, three-month, and four-month post-impact period. Findings highlight the need for more mental health support for residents directly impacted by disasters like Hurricane Ida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wertis
- Department of Geography and PlanningAppalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA
| | - Jennifer D. Runkle
- North Carolina Institute for Climate StudiesNC State UniversityNCRaleighUSA
| | - Margaret M. Sugg
- Department of Geography and PlanningAppalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA
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Crane K, Li L, Subramanian P, Rovit E, Liu J. Climate Change and Mental Health: A Review of Empirical Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications. ATMOSPHERE 2022; 13:2096. [PMID: 37727770 PMCID: PMC10508914 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is an existential threat whose influences continue to increase in severity. It is pivotal to understand the implications of climate change and their effects on mental health. This integrative review aims to summarize the relevant evidence examining the harm climate change may have on mental health, suggest potential mechanisms and discuss implications. Empirical evidence has begun to indicate that negative mental health outcomes are a relevant and notable consequence of climate change. Specifically, these negative outcomes range from increased rates of psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder to higher measures of suicide, aggression and crime. Potential mechanisms are thought to include neuroinflammatory responses to stress, maladaptive serotonergic receptors and detrimental effects on one's own physical health, as well as the community wellbeing. While climate change and mental health are salient areas of research, the evidence examining an association is limited. Therefore, further work should be conducted to delineate exact pathways of action to explain the mediators and mechanisms of the interaction between climate change and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin Crane
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linda Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pearl Subramanian
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rovit
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Senay E, Levine R, Shepherd JM, Rizzo A, Yitshak-Sade M, Carrión D, Liu B, Lewis J, Wright R, Sorensen C, Wortzel J, Pinsky E, Hudson K, Katz C, Gore K, Basu G, Duritz N, Wright R, Sheffield P. Mental Health and Well-Being for Patients and Clinicians: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Clinical Climate Change Meeting, January 7, 2022. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e661-e666. [PMID: 36179344 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Senay
- From the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Dr Senay, Dr Yitshak-Sade, Dr Liu, Dr Rosalind Wright, Dr Robert Wright, Dr Sheffield); Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, District of Columbia (Dr Levine); Department of Geography and the College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (Dr Shepherd); American Lung Association, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Rizzo); Yale School of Public Health and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, New Haven, Connecticut (Dr Carrión); University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Dr Lewis, Dr Wortzel); Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Dr Rosalind Wright); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York (Dr Sorensen); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Pinsky); Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Hudson); Departments of Psychiatry, Medical Education, and Health System Design & Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Dr Katz); Union Theological Seminary, New York, New York (Dr Gore); Center for Climate Health and the Global Environment, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Basu); The Medical Society Consortium on Climate & Health, Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Dr Duritz, Dr Robert Wright)
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14
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Assessing the Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Linkage Into Mental Health Care Program for Adults Affected by Hurricane Sandy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e238. [PMID: 36062582 PMCID: PMC9905213 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research indicates that greater exposure to Hurricane Sandy is associated with increased mental health difficulties. This study examined whether Project Restoration, a program that linked adults into mental health care (L2C), was effective in reducing post-Sandy mental health difficulties as compared to a cohort of adults matched on mental health difficulties that were not linked into post-Sandy mental health care. METHODS Project Restoration participants (n = 52) with elevated self-reported mental health difficulties had the option to enroll into L2C. Project LIGHT (n = 63) used similar methodologies but did not have a L2C component and served as the matched control group. RESULTS Multivariable modeling showed significant decreases in all mental health difficulties except for depression in the Project Restoration group, whereas there were no significant decreases in LIGHT. The decrease in anxiety from baseline to follow-up was significantly greater for Project Restoration as compared to LIGHT. CONCLUSION Findings confirm the powerful impact community outreach and treatment have on reducing mental health difficulties after a disaster.
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15
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Coping resources mediate the prospective associations between disrupted daily routines and persistent psychiatric symptoms: A population-based cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:260-268. [PMID: 35753246 PMCID: PMC9127352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating effects of coping resources in the prospective associations between daily routine disruptions in the acute phase of COVID-19 and persistent probable anxiety and depression. A prospective, population-representative cohort of 1318 Hong Kong Chinese respondents completed a baseline survey between February and July 2020 (T1) and a 1-year follow-up survey between March and August 2021 (T2). Respondents reported demographics and disruptions to primary and secondary daily routines at T1, coping resources (i.e., self-efficacy and meaning making) at T2, and anxiety and depressive symptoms at T1 and T2. We found that 8.1% and 10.0% of respondents reached cutoff scores for probable anxiety and depression respectively at both T1 and T2. Logistic regression showed that T1 daily routine disruptions were positively associated with heightened risk of persistent probable anxiety and depression amid COVID-19. Path analysis showed that 15.3% and 13.1% of the associations of daily routine disruptions with persistent probable anxiety and depression were explained by coping resources, respectively, while the direct routine-outcome associations remained significant. Daily routine disruptions predict higher odds of persistent probable anxiety and depression directly and partially through reducing coping resources. Sustainment of regular daily routines should be advocated and fostered to enhance coping resources and reduce the risk of poorer adjustment among the affected populations amid public health crises.
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16
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Begum TF, Lin Z, Primeau M, Lin S. Assessing short-term and long-term mental health effects among older adults after Hurricane Sandy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153753. [PMID: 35151740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of disasters on older adults. We examined if older individuals experienced increased mental health (MH) effects immediately and long-term after Hurricane Sandy and if these effects varied by socioeconomic status (SES), disease subtypes, number of comorbidities, and length of stay. METHODS We identified older patients (≥64 years) with hospital admissions and Emergency Department (ED) visits (2001-2015) with primary diagnosis of MH diseases using the New York State discharged data. We quantified both short-term (immediately post-Sandy) and long-term effects (3-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year) following Hurricane Sandy, and used the pre-Sandy period in the affected counties as the control period. Poisson regression was used to compare daily counts of MH cases overall and by multiple strata pre-/post Sandy. FINDINGS Older individuals had significantly increased risk of MH ED visits immediately (32%), and 3-months, 1, 2, and 3-years after Sandy (2%, 9%, 15%, and 10%, respectively). MH hospital admissions did not increase immediately, but significantly increased by 8% a year later. Males and those with low SES had delayed, but increased risks of MH 1-3 years after Sandy (RRs range: 1.14-1.71). The top MH subtypes after Sandy were psychosis, mood disorders, substance abuse, suicide, and anxiety (RRs range: 1.12-2.62). After Sandy, patients with ≥8 comorbidities increased from 15% to >25%, along with their length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION We found long-term adverse effects of MH after Sandy, especially among vulnerable populations, which may help plan future disaster preparedness and recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mike Primeau
- Office of Health Emergency Preparedness, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
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17
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Wolters B, Kok A, Huisman M, Cartwright F, Pruchno R. Long-Term Impact of Hurricane Sandy Exposure on Positive and Negative Affect: The Role of Perceived Social Support. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1892-1903. [PMID: 35511897 PMCID: PMC9535785 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural disasters can have devastating, long-lasting effects on the mental health of older adults. However, few studies have examined associations among disaster exposure and positive and negative affect, and no longitudinal studies have investigated the extent to which pre-disaster perceived social support affects these associations. These analyses examine the associations among pre-disaster perceived social support, disaster exposure, and positive and negative affect experienced by community-dwelling older adults four years after Hurricane Sandy, controlling for pre-disaster affect. METHODS Self-reported data collected before and after Hurricane Sandy from participants (aged 50-74 years) in the ORANJ BOWL panel (N=2442) were analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS Higher levels of peri-traumatic stress experienced during Hurricane Sandy and greater hardship experienced after the storm were associated with more negative affect four years following the disaster. Higher perceived social support at baseline was related to more positive affect and less negative affect both before and after the hurricane. Social support did not moderate the effect of hurricane exposure on either positive or negative affect. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that psychological effects may persist years after natural disasters and that more effective interventions may be needed during and after a disaster. While social support is critical to positive and negative affect in general, its buffering effects when disaster strikes may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Wolters
- GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Almar Kok
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Sociology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francine Cartwright
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine
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18
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Monsour M, Clarke-Rubright E, Lieberman-Cribbin W, Timmins C, Taioli E, Schwartz RM, Corley SS, Laucis AM, Morey RA. The impact of climate change on the prevalence of mental illness symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:430-440. [PMID: 34986372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repercussions of climate change threaten the population with an increased prevalence of extreme climate events. We explored the impact of climate change induced sea level rise (SLR) and tropical cyclone (TC) exposure on mental illness symptom prevalence. METHODS Using three datasets, TC exposure scores were calculated for each subject to determine how exposure affects posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptom prevalence. Inundation mapping of various SLR and storm surge (SS) scenarios were performed for the susceptible region of Miami-Dade and Broward counties to determine the population impact of flooding. RESULTS We found an elevated risk of mental illness symptoms from exposure to more high- intensity TCs and identified demographic variables that may contribute to this risk. Furthermore, inundation mapping demonstrated severe and widespread impact of SLR and SS on the mental health of communities. LIMITATIONS This study did not include data directly measuring comorbidity, resilience, preparedness, or ability to adapt to climate change. Also, multiple imputation using chained equations may have been imperfect. Furthermore, there is uncertainty in predicting and mapping SLR and TC intensity, which limits complete confidence in our SS predictions. CONCLUSION The impacts of climate change have been frequently studied in terms of physical health, natural disaster prevalence, and economic impacts, but rarely on mental health burden. However, it is vital that national, state, and local governments develop and deploy plans to address mental health needs along with expenditures for protecting infrastructure, the economy, and physical health from the combined effects of SLR and climate change-induced natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- Neuroscience Department, Duke University, Durham NC USA.
| | | | - Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA
| | | | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Great Neck, NY USA
| | - Samantha S Corley
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Great Neck, NY USA
| | - Anna M Laucis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Health Education and Clinical Center, Durham NC USA; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC USA
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tropical cyclones impact human health, sometimes catastrophically. Epidemiological research characterizes these health impacts and uncovers pathways between storm hazards and health, helping to mitigate the health impacts of future storms. These studies, however, require researchers to identify people and areas exposed to tropical cyclones, which is often challenging. Here we review approaches, tools, and data products that can be useful in this exposure assessment. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological studies have used various operational measures to characterize exposure to tropical cyclones, including measures of physical hazards (e.g., wind, rain, flooding), measures related to human impacts (e.g., damage, stressors from the storm), and proxy measures of distance from the storm's central track. The choice of metric depends on the research question asked by the study, but there are numerous resources available that can help in capturing any of these metrics of exposure. Each has strengths and weaknesses that may influence their utility for a specific study. Here we have highlighted key tools and data products that can be useful for exposure assessment for tropical cyclone epidemiology. These results can guide epidemiologists as they design studies to explore how tropical cyclones influence human health.
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20
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Aylward B, Cunsolo A, Vriezen R, Harper SL. Climate change is impacting mental health in North America: A systematic scoping review of the hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities, risks and responses. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:34-50. [PMID: 35584021 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2029368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As climate change progresses, it is crucial that researchers and policymakers understand the ways in which climate-mental health risks arise through interactions between climate hazards, human exposure and social vulnerabilities across time and location. This scoping review systematically examined the nature, range and extent of published research in North America that investigates climate-mental health interactions. Five electronic databases were searched and two independent reviewers applied pre-determined criteria to assess the eligibility of articles identified in the search. Eighty-nine articles were determined to be relevant and underwent data extraction and analysis. The published literature reported on numerous exposure pathways through which acute and chronic climate hazards interacted with social vulnerabilities to increase mental health risks, including wellbeing, trauma, anxiety, depression, suicide and substance use. This review also highlights important gaps within the North American climate-mental health evidence base, including minimal research conducted in Mexico, as well as a lack of studies investigating climate-mental health adaptation strategies and projected future mental health risks. Further research should support effective preparation for and adaptation to the current and future mental health impacts of climate change. Such strategies could reduce health risks and the long-term mental health impacts that individuals and communities experience in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Aylward
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ashlee Cunsolo
- School of Arctic & Subarctic Studies, Labrador Campus of Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Canada
| | - Rachael Vriezen
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Prevalence and Sociodemographic Predictors of Mental Health in a Representative Sample of Young Adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia: A Longitudinal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031334. [PMID: 35162364 PMCID: PMC8835083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-national longitudinal study was to evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of mental health indicators (coronavirus-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal/self-harm ideation) during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a three-month period among representative samples of young adults from Germany, Israel, Poland, and Slovenia. The participants were 1724 young adults between 20 and 40 years of age (M = 30.74, SD = 5.74). The first measurement (T1) was in February 2021 and the second (T2) was in May–June 2021. The samples were representative of young adults in each country: Germany (n = 418, 24%), Israel (n = 428, 25%), Poland (n = 446, 26%), and Slovenia (n = 431, 25%). Women constituted 54% (n = 935) of the total sample. The mental health indicators were coronavirus-related PTSD measured by PCL-S, perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9). The participants completed an online questionnaire that also included a physical activity (PA) measurement and sociodemographic variables. The Pearson’s χ2 independence test was used for prevalence comparisons and McNemar’s χ2 was used for longitudinal changes, whereas generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for the predictors of change in mental health indices. Significant differences were found between countries in each mental health dimension in both T1 and T2, with moderate effect sizes for coronavirus-related PTSD and suicidal ideation. The highest rate of PTSD and depression risk was in Germany, the highest rates of stress and anxiety risk were in Poland, and there was insufficient PA in Slovenia. The anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation rates were the lowest in Israel and Slovenia. Israeli participants reported the lowest rate of coronavirus-related PTSD among the other countries in T1 and T2. Significant decreases in coronavirus-related PTSD and stress were observed during T2 compared to T1 in the total sample. There was no change in the risk of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation. Being single was a predictor of changes in all mental health indices. Having children was a risk factor for coronavirus-related PTSD and high stress. Being a student was a predictor of depression and suicidal ideation. A younger age (20–29 years) predicted coronavirus-related PTSD risk, whereas female gender predicted high stress. The mental health indices improved over time or remained stable. The groups that are most prone to mental health problems were single individuals, students, and parents in young adulthood across all countries. Future intervention programs for young adults should consider these factors when prioritizing, planning, and implementing such programs.
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22
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Bountress KE, Cusack SE, Conley AH, Aggen SH, The Spit For Science Working Group, Vassileva J, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts psychiatric outcomes and alcohol use among college students. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2022279. [PMID: 35186215 PMCID: PMC8856034 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2022279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed fundamental challenges on nearly every area of life. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to expand on the literature on the impact of the pandemic on college students by a) examining domains of impact of the pandemic on psychiatric and alcohol outcomes and b) controlling for pre-pandemic outcomes. METHOD Participants included 897 college students (78.6% female) from a larger longitudinal study on college student mental health. Structural equation models were fit to examine how COVID-19 impact (exposure, worry, food/housing insecurity, change in social media use, change in substance use) were associated with PTSD, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and alcohol phenotypes. Models were fit to adjust for pre-pandemic symptoms. RESULTS No effects of COVID-19 exposure remained after adjusting for earlier outcomes. COVID-19 worry predicted PTSD, depression, and anxiety, even after adjusting for earlier levels of outcomes (β's: .091-.180, p's < .05). Housing/food concerns predicted PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms as well as suicidal ideation (β's: .085-.551, p's < .05) after adjusting for earlier levels of symptoms. Change in media use predicted alcohol consumption (β's: ± .116-.197, p's < .05). Change in substance use affected all outcomes except suicidality (β's: .112-.591, p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Domains of COVID-19 impact had differential effects on mental health and substance outcomes in college students during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. Future studies should examine the trajectory of these factors on college student mental health across waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Bountress
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shannon E Cusack
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Abigail H Conley
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - The Spit For Science Working Group
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Counseling and Special Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Ramadan AMH, Ataallah AG. Are climate change and mental health correlated? Gen Psychiatr 2021; 34:e100648. [PMID: 34825128 PMCID: PMC8578975 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time and is likely to affect human beings in substantial ways. Recently, researchers started paying more attention to the changes in climate and their subsequent impact on the social, environmental and economic determinants of health, and the role they play in causing or exacerbating mental health problems. The effects of climate change-related events on mental well-being could be classified into direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of climate change mostly occur after acute weather events and include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, depression and even suicidal ideation. The indirect effects include economic losses, displacement and forced migration, competition over scarce resources and collective violence. The risk factors for developing those mental health issues include young age, female gender, low socioeconomic status, loss or injury of a loved one, being a member of immigrant groups or indigenous people, pre-existing mental illness and inadequate social support. However, in some individuals, especially those undisturbed by any directly observable effects of climate change, abstract awareness and acknowledgement of the ongoing climate crisis can induce negative emotions that can be intense enough to cause mental health illness. Coping strategies should be provided to the affected communities to protect their mental health from collapse in the face of climate disasters. Awareness of the mental health impacts of climate change should be raised, especially in the high-risk groups. Social and global attention to the climate crisis and its detrimental effects on mental health are crucial. This paper was written with the aim of trying to understand the currently, scientifically proven impact of climate change-related disasters on mental health and understanding the different methods of solving the problem at the corporate level, by trying to decrease greenhouse gas emissions to zero, and at the individual level by learning how to cope with the impacts of those disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed G Ataallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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24
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Sharpe I, Davison CM. Climate change, climate-related disasters and mental disorder in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051908. [PMID: 34649848 PMCID: PMC8522671 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Climate change and climate-related disasters adversely affect mental health. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disasters and often lack adequate mental healthcare infrastructure. We used the scoping review methodology to determine how exposure to climate change and climate-related disasters influences the presence of mental disorders among those living in LMICs. We also aimed to recognise existing gaps in this area of literature. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. To identify relevant studies, we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, APA PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts) from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019. We also searched the grey literature. Included studies had an adult-focused LMIC population, a climate change or climate-related disaster exposure and a mental disorder outcome. Relevant study information was extracted and synthesised. RESULTS Fifty-eight studies were identified, most of which (n=48) employed a cross-sectional design. The most commonly studied exposure-outcome combinations were flood-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=28), flood-related depression (n=15) and storm-related PTSD (n=13). The majority of studies identified a positive exposure-outcome association. However, few studies included a baseline or comparator (ie, unexposed) group, thereby limiting our understanding of the magnitude or nature of this association. There was also great heterogeneity in this literature, making studies difficult to pool or compare. Several research gaps were identified including the lack of longitudinal studies and non-uniformity of geographic coverage. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this was the first scoping review to investigate the relationship between climate change and climate-related disaster exposures and mental disorder outcomes in LMICs. Our findings support the need for further research, but also highlight that mental health should be a priority within LMIC climate change policy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Sharpe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen M Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Lieberman-Cribbin W, Gillezeau C, Schwartz RM, Taioli E. Unequal social vulnerability to Hurricane Sandy flood exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:804-809. [PMID: 32398778 PMCID: PMC9039878 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Disparities exist in post-disaster flooding exposure and vulnerable populations bear a disproportionate impact of this exposure. We describe the unequal burden of flooding in a cohort of New York residents following Hurricane Sandy and assess whether the likelihood of flooding was distributed equally according to socioeconomic demographics, and whether this likelihood differed when analyzing self-reported or FEMA flood exposure measures. Residents of New York City and Long Island completed a self-administered survey 1.5-4.0 years after the storm. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and flood exposure. Participants (n = 1231) residing in areas of the lowest two quartiles of median household income experienced flooding the most often (FEMA/self-reported: <$40,298: 65.3%/42.0%, $40,298-$67,188: 43.3%/32.1%), and these areas contained the highest proportions of non-White participants (<$40,298: 39.1%, $40,298-$67,188: 36.6%) and those with ≤high school education (<$40,298: 35.5%, $40,298-$67,188: 33.6%). Both self-report (p < 0.05) and FEMA (p < 0.05) flood measures indicated that older participants were more likely to live in a household exposed to flooding, while those living in higher-income areas had decreased likelihood of flooding (p < 0.0001). Socioeconomic and age disparities were present in exposure to flooding during Hurricane Sandy. Future disaster preparedness responses must understand flooding from an environmental justice perspective to create effective strategies that minimize disproportionate exposure and its adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christina Gillezeau
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Great Neck, NY, 11021, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Sirey JA, Raue PJ, Solomonov N, Scher C, Chalfin A, Zanotti P, Berman J, Alexopoulos GS. Community delivery of brief therapy for depressed older adults impacted by Hurricane Sandy. Transl Behav Med 2021; 10:539-545. [PMID: 32766863 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults frequently under-report depressive symptoms and often fail to access services after a disaster. To address unmet mental health needs, we developed a service delivery program (SMART-MH) that combines outreach, assessment, and therapy and implemented it in New York City after Hurricane Sandy. This study aimed to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and patients' engagement of our brief psychotherapy ("Engage"). We predicted that Engage would result in reductions of depression, and that the benefits would be comparable to those of a historical comparison group who received Engage in a controlled experimental setting. A total of 2,831 adults (age ≥ 60) impacted by Hurricane Sandy were screened for depression. Assessments and therapy were conducted in English, Spanish, Cantonese, and Russian. Depressed individuals (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) who were not in treatment were offered Engage therapy in their native language at local senior center/nutrition sites. Twelve percent of the participants reported depression (N = 333). Of these 333 participants, 201 (60%) were not receiving treatment and 143 agreed to receive Engage therapy. Linear mixed-effects model showed that depression severity decreased significantly over time. More than two thirds had a five-point reduction in PHQ-9 scores and post-treatment scores ≤9. Post-hoc comparison of standardized slopes of change found patterns of depression reductions equivalent to Engage provided in a controlled setting. Partnerships to integrate mental health care into community settings can increase detection of mental-health needs and access to services in patients' native language. Brief reward exposure-based psychotherapy delivered in the community can provide comparable benefits to those achieved in research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Anne Sirey
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Raue
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nili Solomonov
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Clara Scher
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Chalfin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Paula Zanotti
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
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First JM, Ellis K, Held ML, Glass F. Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors Impacting Mental Health among Black and Latinx Adults following Nocturnal Tornadoes in the U.S. Southeast. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168609. [PMID: 34444358 PMCID: PMC8394662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has found that Black and Latinx communities in the U.S. face significant disparities that impact both preparedness for severe weather events and the support received after a disaster has occurred. In the current study, we examined key risk and protective factors that impacted mental health among 221 Black and Latinx adult respondents exposed to the 2–3 March 2020 nocturnal tornado outbreak in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Key factors that adversely affected mental health among participants were encountering barriers for receiving tornado warning alerts and tornado-related exposure. Key factors that served a protective mechanism against adverse mental health included having access to physical resources, supportive relationships, and adaptive coping skills. These findings may assist National Weather Service (NWS) personnel, emergency managers, and mental health providers with the development of policies and practices to address barriers and promote protective strategies for future nocturnal tornado events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kelsey Ellis
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mary Lehman Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Florence Glass
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
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Bein T, Karagiannidis C, Gründling M, Quintel M. [New challenges for intensive care medicine due to climate change and global warming]. Anaesthesist 2021; 69:463-469. [PMID: 32399720 PMCID: PMC7216862 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund In den letzten 5 Dekaden wird ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg der globalen mittleren Temperatur registriert; darüber hinaus häufen sich Naturkatastrophen (z. B. schwere Stürme, Überflutungen, Dürren und großflächige Brände). Die Auswirkungen von globaler Erderwärmung und Klimawandel auf die Gesundheit betreffen die Zunahme von respiratorischen, kardiovaskulären, renalen und kognitiv-psychischen Erkrankungen. Des Weiteren lässt sich auch in Europa eine Veränderung der Häufigkeit und des Musters von Infektionskrankheiten beobachten. Material und Methoden In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Studien präsentiert, die sich mit klimawandelassoziierten Erkrankungen befassen, mit besonderem Blick auf solche Erkrankungen, die eine Herausforderung für die Intensivmedizin darstellen. Ergebnisse Aktuelle epidemiologische Daten und statistische Extrapolationen legen nahe, dass Erkrankungen im Gefolge des Klimawandels (akute infektionsbedingte respiratorische und intestinale Erkrankungen, Exazerbationen bei vorbestehender Lungenschädigung, hitzebedingte Dehydratation, zerebrale Insulte und Myokardinfarkte) für die Intensivmedizin von Relevanz sind. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf einer signifikanten Zunahme von akuten Nierenschädigungen während Hitzewellen. Ein bisher nichtgekanntes „Muster“ der Infektionskrankheiten erfordert neue Kenntnisse und gezieltes Management. In einigen Studien wurden nach Hitzewellen und Naturkatastrophen anhaltende psychische Beeinträchtigungen der Betroffenen, z. B. posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen, registriert. Schlussfolgerungen Die Intensivmedizin muss sich den Herausforderungen durch globale Erderwärmung und Klimawandel stellen. Sowohl langsame, aber kontinuierliche (Anstieg der Temperatur) als auch akute Veränderungen (Hitzewellen, Naturkatastrophen) werden den steigenden Bedarf intensivmedizinischer Leistungen (z. B. auch eine steigende Nachfrage nach Nierenersatzverfahren) induzieren. Intensivmediziner werden sich mit der Diagnostik und dem Management von klimawandelassoziierten Erkrankungen beschäftigen müssen. Eine Initiative der betroffenen Fachgesellschaften ist begrüßenswert.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bein
- Fakultät für Medizin, Universität Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - C. Karagiannidis
- Abteilung für Pneumologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Köln-Merheim, ARDS und ECMO Center, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Witten/Herdecke Universität, 51109 Köln, Deutschland
| | - M. Gründling
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - M. Quintel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Deutschland
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Pruchno R, Wilson-Genderson M, Heid AR, Cartwright FP. Effects of peri-traumatic stress experienced during Hurricane Sandy on functional limitation trajectories for older men and women. Soc Sci Med 2021; 281:114097. [PMID: 34120083 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Although the short-term effects of disasters on the physical health of mid-life and older people have been documented, little is understood about the long-term effects that disasters have on the physical health of these people. Based on the environmental docility hypothesis and research regarding gender effects on functional limitations and disaster, our analyses examined the effects of peri-traumatic stress experienced during Hurricane Sandy using longitudinal data from 5688 people aged 50 and older collected over six waves (2006-2019). RESULTS We found that functional limitations follow three trajectories, with people in each group having a significant linear increase over time and all but the highest functioning people also having a significant quadratic effect, indicating that the linear increase peaked post-Hurricane and then slowed in later waves. CONCLUSION Consistent with the environmental docility hypothesis, peri-traumatic stress had its greatest impact on people with more functional limitations before the hurricane. Men experiencing peri-traumatic stress during Hurricane Sandy were more likely to experience an increase in functional limitations than women. These findings, which identify people most likely to experience long-term health effects following a disaster, can be used to inform health policies before, during, and after disaster strikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | - Francine P Cartwright
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
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Using NYC 311 Call Center Data to Assess Short- and Long-Term Needs Following Hurricane Sandy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1447-1451. [PMID: 34016206 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hurricane Sandy made landfall across New York City (NYC) in October 2012, but the long-term consequences of the storm are still not fully understood. We analyzed NYC data to quantify the extent of Hurricane Sandy-related concerns over time. METHODS Data on NYC 311 Call Center inquiries were downloaded from the NYC Open Data website (October 29, 2012 to May 26, 2020) to provide information about Sandy-related calls using the keywords "Hurricane" and "Sandy". RESULTS In the first 2 wk after Hurricane Sandy, 15.6% of 311 calls were related to the storm. From 2012 to 2020, the volume of inquiries decreased from 87,209 to 25. The majority of calls in 2012 (49,181; 56%) was requesting general Hurricane Sandy information, and in 2020 assistance with property restoration (20; 79%). CONCLUSIONS The long-term consequences of Hurricane Sandy in NYC persist into 2020, almost 8 y after the initial event. The needs of Hurricane Sandy victims have changed over time from requiring general information regarding closures, property destruction and immediate disaster relief to aid with legal, financial, and mental health consequences. Disaster response policy-makers must understand the changing needs of NYC residents to provide resources and prepare for future disasters.
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Batterham PJ, Calear AL, McCallum SM, Morse AR, Banfield M, Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Cherbuin N, Rodney Harris RM, Shou Y, Dawel A. Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative Australian adult cohort. Med J Aust 2021; 214:462-468. [PMID: 33899939 PMCID: PMC8207103 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Design, setting, participants Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID‐19‐related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid‐June 2020. Main outcome measures Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scales; trajectories of symptom change. Results Younger age, being female, greater COVID‐19‐related work and social impairment, COVID‐19‐related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID‐19‐related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure. Conclusion Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Alyssa R Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Amy Dawel
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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A Mixed-Methods Study After Multiple Disasters: September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks and Hurricane Sandy. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:698-705. [PMID: 33729115 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use a mixed-method analysis to investigate the associations between qualitative themes found in written responses and quantitative reported level of stress after Hurricane Sandy. METHODS A survey was conducted among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees 5-12 mo after Hurricane Sandy. This study included 1202 participants who completed the free-response section and answered the question on how stressful their experiences were with Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath. Content analysis was used to generate qualitative data. Mixed-methods analysis was performed using a 1-way analysis of variance test for bivariate comparisons of qualitative thematic codes and the quantitative outcome of mean Sandy stress scores. RESULTS Seven themes emerged from the qualitative analysis. The themes of lack of information, negative emotional response, and financial stress had higher quantitative mean Sandy stress scores compared with other themes. The theme of patriotism/gratitude had an overall lower quantitative Sandy stress scores than other themes. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative and mixed-methods research on mental health outcomes after a disaster add new depth and findings to the existing literature. Using such methodologies to identify modifiable factors, such as improving communication during a disaster, may confer better mental health outcomes after a disaster.
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Waddell SL, Jayaweera DT, Mirsaeidi M, Beier JC, Kumar N. Perspectives on the Health Effects of Hurricanes: A Review and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2756. [PMID: 33803162 PMCID: PMC7967478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hurricanes are devastating natural disasters which dramatically modify the physical landscape and alter the socio-physical and biochemical characteristics of the environment, thus exposing the affected communities to new environmental stressors, which persist for weeks to months after the hurricane. This paper has three aims. First, it conceptualizes potential direct and indirect health effects of hurricanes and provides an overview of factors that exacerbate the health effects of hurricanes. Second, it summarizes the literature on the health impact of hurricanes. Finally, it examines the time lag between the hurricane (landfall) and the occurrence of diseases. Two major findings emerge from this paper. Hurricanes are shown to cause and exacerbate multiple diseases, and most adverse health impacts peak within six months following hurricanes. However, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mental disorders, continue to occur for years following the hurricane impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - John C. Beier
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Anxiety, Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress a month after 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:670-677. [PMID: 33583466 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Identification of disaster victims with mental health problems may be useful, but information within a short period after a disaster is scarce in developing countries. This study examined anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms at 1 month following 2019 Cyclone Fani in Odisha, India. METHOD Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were assessed by the Primary care PTSD screen for DSM 5 (PC-PTSD-5), anxiety symptoms by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The survey included participants' disaster experience e.g., evacuation, fear of death, injury, death in family, damage to house, difficulty for food, displacement, and effect on livelihood. RESULTS Proportion of sample (n = 80) with probable PTSD was 42.9%, with severe anxiety was 36.7%, moderately severe depression was 16.5%, and severe depression was 3.8%. Suicidal cognitions were reported to increase by 14%. Comorbidity was common; with significant (P < 0.01) correlation between PTSS and anxiety (r = 0.69), depression (r = 0.596), and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.63). Damage of house and displacement were associated significantly with PTSD; evacuation and displacement with moderate and severe depression; and displacement with severe anxiety. No specific demographic factors were significantly linked to the psychiatric morbidities. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of victims had psychiatric morbidities at 1 month. Associated risk factors included housing damages, evacuation, and displacement, suggesting the need to improve the disaster-management process.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Given both the increased prevalence of natural disasters in recent years and the crippling opioid epidemic, identifying at-risk groups for substance abuse post-disaster is imperative to survivor mental health. The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to Hurricane Sandy and risk of opioid abusive behavior. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from two cross-sectional studies that examined the impact of Hurricane Sandy on mental health from October 2013- August 2016. Patient demographics, hurricane exposure and mental health history were obtained via self-report questionnaires. Opioid abuse risk was determined and categorized using adaptations from the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between hurricane exposure and opioid abuse risk. RESULTS Data was available on 1,687 Hurricane Sandy survivors, the majority being female (59.3%), white (52.0%) and an average age of 46.1 years (std. 19.2). Approximately 9.0% of survivors were classified as being 'High' risk for opioid abuse. For every increase in total exposure reported, the odds of being classified as high risk was 1.09 greater (95% CI 1.05, 1.14) compared to low risk, after adjusting for covariates. Among personal exposures only (i.e. injury to self or family member), for every increase in reported exposure the adjusted odds of being classified as high risk was 1.25 times greater (95% CI 1.15, 1.37) compared to low risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exposure to a natural disaster, specifically personal exposures, are associated with increased risk for opioid abusive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McCann-Pineo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Joint Center for Disaster Health, Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai, Stony Brook University, and Northwell Health, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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Brown MRG, Pazderka H, Agyapong VIO, Greenshaw AJ, Cribben I, Brett-MacLean P, Drolet J, McDonald-Harker CB, Omeje J, Lee B, Mankowsi M, Noble S, Kitching DT, Silverstone PH. Mental Health Symptoms Unexpectedly Increased in Students Aged 11-19 Years During the 3.5 Years After the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire: Findings From 9,376 Survey Responses. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:676256. [PMID: 34093284 PMCID: PMC8172807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, the wildfire of May 2016 forced the population of 88,000 to rapidly evacuate in a traumatic and chaotic manner. Ten percentage of the homes in the city were destroyed, and many more structures were damaged. Since youth are particularly vulnerable to negative effects of natural disasters, we examined possible long-term psychological impacts. To assess this, we partnered with Fort McMurray Public and Catholic Schools, who surveyed Grade 7-12 students (aged 11-19) in November 2017, 2018, and 2019-i.e., at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years after the wildfire. The survey included validated measurement scales for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, quality of life, self-esteem, and resilience. Data analysis was done on large-scale anonymous surveys including 3,070 samples in 2017; 3,265 samples in 2018; and 3,041 samples in 2019. The results were unexpected and showed that all mental health symptoms increased from 2017 to 2019, with the exception of tobacco use. Consistent with this pattern, self-esteem and quality of life scores decreased. Resilience scores did not change significantly. Thus, mental health measures worsened, in contrast to our initial hypothesis that they would improve over time. Of note, we observed higher levels of mental health distress among older students, in females compared to male students, and in individuals with a minority gender identity, including transgender and gender-non-conforming individuals. These findings demonstrate that deleterious mental health effects can persist in youth for years following a wildfire disaster. This highlights the need for multi-year mental health support programs for youth in post-disaster situations. The indication that multi-year, post-disaster support is warranted is relatively novel, although not unknown. There is a need to systematically investigate factors associated with youth recovery following a wildfire disaster, as well as efficacy of psychosocial strategies during later phases of disaster recovery relative to early post-disaster interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R G Brown
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Ivor Cribben
- Department of Accounting and Business Analytics, Alberta School of Business, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Julie Drolet
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Joy Omeje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bonnie Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monica Mankowsi
- Fort McMurray Catholic School District, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Noble
- Fort McMurray Public School District, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
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Runkle JD, Michael KD, Stevens SE, Sugg MM. Quasi-experimental evaluation of text-based crisis patterns in youth following Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas, 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141702. [PMID: 32861078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Crisis text lines have proven to be an effective and low-cost means for delivering texting-based mental health support to youth. Yet there has been limited research examining the use of these services in capturing the psychological impact on youth affected by a weather-related disaster. OBJECTIVE This ecologic study examined changes in help-seeking behavior for adolescents and young adults in North and South Carolina, USA, before and after Hurricane Florence (2018). DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOMES A retrospective, interrupted time-series design was used to examine pre- and post-hurricane changes in crisis text volume among youth help seekers in the Carolinas for the following outcomes: (1) text for any reason; (2) stress & anxiety; (3) depression; and (4) suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Results showed an immediate and sustained increase in crisis texts for stress/anxiety and suicidal thoughts in the six weeks following Florence. Overall, an immediate 15% increase in crisis texts for anxiety/stress (SE = 0.05, p = .005) and a 17% increase in suicidal thoughts (SE = 0.07, p = .02) occurred during the week of the storm. Text volume for anxiety/stress increased 17% (SE = 0.08, p = .005) and 23% for suicidal ideation (SE = 0.08, p = .01) in the 6-week post-hurricane period. Finally, forecast models revealed observed text volume for all mental health outcomes was higher than expected in the 6 weeks post-Florence. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A low-cost, crisis texting platform provided 24/7 mental health support available to young people in the Carolinas impacted by Hurricane Florence. These findings highlight a new application for text-based crisis support services to address the mental health consequences in youth following a weather-related disaster, as well as the potential for these types of crisis platforms to measure situational awareness in impacted communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Runkle
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America.
| | - Kurt D Michael
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, P.O. Box 32066, Boone, NC 28608, United States of America
| | - Scott E Stevens
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America
| | - Margaret M Sugg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, P.O. Box 32066, Boone, NC 28608, United States of America
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Chen S, Bagrodia R, Pfeffer CC, Meli L, Bonanno GA. Anxiety and resilience in the face of natural disasters associated with climate change: A review and methodological critique. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 76:102297. [PMID: 32957002 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, climate change-related natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts have become increasingly frequent and severe, impacting the emotional and psychological well-being of those who are directly or indirectly exposed to them. Despite great interest in understanding differences in anxiety and resilience in response to natural disasters, enthusiasm appears to outstrip empirical clarity, as there remains considerable ambiguity as to determinants of resilient or pathological outcomes following exposure to natural disasters. In addition, there are several major methodological limitations in climate change and related natural disaster research, including the use of univariate analyses, cross-sectional design, and retrospective measures. Keeping these limitations in mind, we first review literature examining the mental health outcomes of natural disasters. Findings suggest that, overall, resilience is more common than pathological outcomes. Second, we use a multi-dimensional framework of resilience to selectively review factors at the event, individual, as well as family and community levels that could help inform resilient or pathological outcomes. Finally, we consider key limitations and future directions for research and practice in the field of anxiety and resilience in response to climate disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Rohini Bagrodia
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States
| | - Charlotte C Pfeffer
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States
| | - Laura Meli
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States
| | - George A Bonanno
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States.
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Pruchno R, Wilson-Genderson M, Heid AR, Cartwright FP. Type of Disaster Exposure Affects Functional Limitations of Older People 6 Years Later. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2139-2146. [PMID: 31678995 PMCID: PMC7566386 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, tornadoes, and hurricanes, are traumatic events that simultaneously affect the lives of many people. Although much is known about the effects that natural disasters have on mental health, little is known about how natural disasters affect physical health. These analyses add to the literature by examining the ways in which four types of disaster exposure (geographic, peri-traumatic stress, personal and property loss, and poststorm hardship) experienced by older people during and after Hurricane Sandy affected functional limitations. METHODS We analyzed five waves of data from the ORANJ BOWL panel ("Ongoing Research on Aging in New Jersey: Bettering Opportunities for Wellness in Life") using multilevel mixed-effects models. RESULTS We found that although peri-traumatic stress and poststorm hardship each had independent effects on functional limitations, the effects of peri-traumatic stress dominated and were evident 6 years after the hurricane. Geographic exposure and personal/property loss were not associated with functional limitations. CONCLUSIONS These findings add important information to what is known about older people who experience a natural disaster and suggest opportunities for intervention. Finding that an individual's emotional response during the disaster plays an important role in the development of functional limitations suggests that reduction of exposure to traumatic stress during a storm (ie, evacuation from a storm area) may be important for older people. Likewise, interventions immediately after a disaster that target older people who experience high levels of peri-traumatic distress may be needed in order to alleviate functional limitations before they develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | | | - Allison R Heid
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
| | - Francine P Cartwright
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
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Lessons Learned from a Medical Response Team 45 Days Post Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 14:28-33. [PMID: 31304898 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the lived experience of a grassroots, non-governmental disaster medical team (DMT) through a research lens and share practical lessons learned, based on the DMT's experience to support and inform future response teams. METHODS Forty-five days after Hurricane Maria, a non-governmental DMT provided primary medical care via community based pop-up clinics and home visitations in 5 different areas of Puerto Rico. Observational data, photo images, and debriefing notes were collected and documented in the response team's daily activity log. Field notes were coded using a descriptive coding method and then categorized into 2 domains specific to public health and medical diagnosis. RESULTS Medical aid was provided to nearly 300 (N = 296) residents. Field note observations identified exhaustion related to living conditions and the exacerbation of underlying conditions such as reactive airway diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and depression due to the compounding effects of multiple post-disaster triggers. During home visitations, feelings of sadness and helplessness were identified secondary to natural disaster trauma and current living conditions. CONCLUSION Our non-governmental DMT displayed similar characteristics demonstrated by federal DMTs post natural disaster. A number of strategic lessons learned emerged from the public health intervention important to future non-governmental DMTs.
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Understanding Associations Between Hurricane Harvey Exposure and Mental Health Symptoms Among Greater Houston-Area Residents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 14:103-110. [PMID: 32019618 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hurricane Harvey made landfall on August 25, 2017 and resulted in widespread flooding in Houston and the surrounding areas. This study aimed to explore the associations between exposure to Hurricane Harvey and various mental health symptoms. METHODS Self-reported demographics, hurricane exposure, and mental health symptomatology were obtained from residents of the greater Houston area through convenience sampling for a pilot study, 5 months after the storm from January 25-29, 2018 (N = 161). RESULTS Increased hurricane exposure score was significantly associated with increased odds for probable depression, probable anxiety, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder after adjusting for other factors associated with mental health. No significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and risk of mental health difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Mental health difficulties associated with exposure to Hurricane Harvey were still present 5 months after the storm. Future disaster response programs should focus on providing long-term mental health services to hurricane survivors.
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Kameg BN. Climate Change and Mental Health: Implications for Nurses. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:25-30. [PMID: 32609857 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200624-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has received public health attention over the past 3 decades. It is well established that climate change is associated with myriad health issues, but less has been mentioned in public health discourse about the impacts of climate change on population mental health. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of the impacts of climate change on mental health, and to discuss opportunities for mental health nurses to reduce health problems related to climate change. Acute events and chronic consequences of climate change can impact mental health outcomes and contribute to depressive disorders, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. The nursing profession must be prepared to address climate change to promote best health outcomes for individuals around the globe. It is critical that mental health nurses act as leaders in understanding and addressing climate change to improve the mental health of populations. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(9), 25-30.].
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Exposure to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Associated Resource Loss, and Long-Term Mental and Behavioral Outcomes. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 13:889-897. [PMID: 31230612 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to (1) assess the long-term mental and behavioral health outcomes of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of residents in the Gulf Coast and to (2) identify populations that may be particularly vulnerable to future disasters. METHODS The Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity in Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG) is a population-representative sample of 2520 coastal residents surveyed in Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida in 2016. We present prevalence estimates for positive screens of depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse, as well as receipt of health care services. We examine differences in these outcomes across states, affected occupational groups, and demographic groups. RESULTS Resource loss attributed to the spill was associated with positive screens for depression and anxiety. Almost 50% of adults screened positive for depression, anxiety, or alcohol misuse, but less than 20% of these currently access mental health care. Black residents were less likely to have health insurance and a usual source of care but were more likely to have visited the emergency room in the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Surveillance data from STRONG can help policy-makers and other stakeholders develop targeted approaches to foster resilience, particularly among vulnerable populations, and thereby mitigate the effects of future disasters.
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Palinkas LA, Wong M. Global climate change and mental health. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 32:12-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Morganstein JC, Ursano RJ. Ecological Disasters and Mental Health: Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32116830 PMCID: PMC7026686 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological disasters highlight the importance of understanding natural disasters as they relate to a changing global climate. Such disasters often have a predictable pattern of evolving over time and anticipated psychological and behavioral problems and community disruptions. Various factors enhance transmission of these adverse effects beyond the geographic location of the ecological disaster, with certain populations being particularly vulnerable to these effects. Understanding the range and pattern of these effects can aid in optimizing interventions. The use of evidence-informed interventions can reduce distress, enhance well-being, and improve functioning for affected individuals and communities. Effective preparedness involves an understanding of these factors, incorporation of them at all stages of disaster management, and continuous education and training for disaster planners and responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Morganstein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Lessons Learned from a Medical Response Team 45 Days Post-Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 16:413-418. [PMID: 31642418 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Describe the lived experience of a grassroots, nongovernmental disaster medical team (DMT) through a research lens and share practical lessons learned based on the DMT's experience to support and inform future response teams. METHOD Forty-five days after Hurricane Maria, a nongovernmental DMT provided primary medical care by means of community-based pop-up clinics and home visitations in 5 different areas of Puerto Rico. Observational data, photo images, and debriefing notes were collected and documented in the response team's daily activity log. Field notes were coded using a descriptive coding method and then categorized into 2 domains specific to public health and medical diagnosis. RESULTS Medical aid was provided to nearly 300 (N = 296) residents. Field note observations identified exhaustion related to living conditions and the exacerbation of underlying conditions, such as reactive airway diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and depression due to the compounding effects of multiple post-disaster triggers. During home visitations, feelings of sadness and helplessness were identified secondary to natural disaster trauma and current living conditions. CONCLUSION Our nongovernmental DMT displayed similar characteristics demonstrated by federal DMTs post-natural disaster. Several strategic lessons learned emerged from the public health intervention important to future nongovernmental DMTs.
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Gonzalez A, Rasul R, Molina L, Schneider S, Bevilacqua K, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ, Taioli E, Schwartz R. Differential effect of Hurricane Sandy exposure on PTSD symptom severity: comparison of community members and responders. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:881-887. [PMID: 31615861 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the association between Hurricane Sandy exposures and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity was greater for exposed community members compared with responders. METHODS Data were analysed from three existing studies with similar methodologies (N=1648): two community studies, Leaders in Gathering Hope Together (n=531) and Project Restoration (n=763); and the Sandy/World Trade Center Responders Study (n=354). Sandy-related PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD checklist-specific traumatic event and dichotomised as elevated (>30) versus low/no (<30) PTSD symptoms. Sandy exposures were measured with a summed checklist. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the differential effect of exposures on PTSD by responder status, adjusting for demographics and time elapsed since Sandy. RESULTS Responders were somewhat older (50.5 years (SD=8.3) vs 45.8 years (SD=20.0)), more likely to identify as white (92.4% vs 48.1%) and were male (90.7% vs 38.4%). Responders were less likely to have elevated PTSD symptoms than community members (8.6% vs 31.1%; adjusted OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.46). While exposure was significantly related to elevated PTSD status, the effects were similar for responders and community members. CONCLUSIONS Responders appear to be more resilient to PTSD symptoms post-Sandy than community members. Understanding the mechanisms that foster such resilience can inform interventions aimed at populations that are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gonzalez
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA .,Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rehana Rasul
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA.,Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA.,Biostatistics, Feinstein Insitute for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Lucero Molina
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Schneider
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Kristin Bevilacqua
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA.,Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Emanuela Taioli
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA.,Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Schwartz
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, Mount Sinai, SUNY Stony Brook, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA.,Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Siokas V, Dardiotis E, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Brain diseases in changing climate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108637. [PMID: 31416010 PMCID: PMC6717544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest and most urgent challenges for the 21st century. Rising average temperatures and ocean levels, altered precipitation patterns and increased occurrence of extreme weather events affect not only the global landscape and ecosystem, but also human health. Multiple environmental factors influence the onset and severity of human diseases and changing climate may have a great impact on these factors. Climate shifts disrupt the quantity and quality of water, increase environmental pollution, change the distribution of pathogens and severely impacts food production - all of which are important regarding public health. This paper focuses on brain health and provides an overview of climate change impacts on risk factors specific to brain diseases and disorders. We also discuss emerging hazards in brain health due to mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Benach J, Díaz MR, Muñoz NJ, Martínez-Herrera E, Pericàs JM. What the Puerto Rican hurricanes make visible: Chronicle of a public health disaster foretold. Soc Sci Med 2019; 238:112367. [PMID: 31213368 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
García Márquez's novel, "Chronicle of a Death Foretold", narrates the multiple strands of a story leading up to a murder in a small Caribbean village. The novel shows both the incredulity of those who do not believe it possible that this tragic death could occur, and the impotence of those who see it coming but can do nothing to prevent it. Something akin to this double incapacity seems to be occurring today in Puerto Rico. In September 2017, the passage of Hurricanes Irma and María caused a public health disaster with large-scale death and destruction. Paradoxically, this catastrophe has made visible the need to evaluate the critical socio-environmental situation of this country, and to analyse the underlying social factors contributing to the problems caused by the hurricanes. Why did neither the US nor the Puerto Rican government react as expected when faced with such a serious situation? For decades, this country has been suppressed by colonial domination, exploitation of the workforce, and health discrimination. It has been a "laboratory", where colonial practices have institutionalized social control, racism, and inequality, with profound negative effects on society, quality of life and health equality. Poverty and unemployment have always been very high, and thousands of families live in precarious housing situations. Additionally, current labour reforms imposed as part of a neoliberal agenda, are eroding the job security and protections of the working population, while education, health, housing, pensions, energy, and land are being progressively privatized. What are the root causes of this situation? What future does the country await? To answer these questions, critical and comprehensive scrutiny of history showing what the hurricanes have helped to make visible is required. This shows that neoliberal colonialism has shaped the social features behind the principle health and inequality problems of the Puerto-Rican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Benach
- Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Johns Hopkins University, Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain; Transdisciplinary Research Group on Socioecological Transitions (GinTRANS2), Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marinilda Rivera Díaz
- Social Sciences Research Center, College of Social Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Puerto Rico; Post Doctoral Master in Clinical & Translational Research Program, School of Health Professionals & School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico; International Health and Sanitary Sovereign Working Group, Latin-American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO), Puerto Rico
| | - Nylca J Muñoz
- Social Determinants of Health Doctoral Program, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
| | - Eliana Martínez-Herrera
- Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Johns Hopkins University, Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology Research Group, National School of Public Health, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Pericàs
- Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Johns Hopkins University, Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Research Group on Infectious Diseases of Lleida (TRIDLE), IRB Lleida, Clinical Direction of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology of Lleida, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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50
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Carroll R, Lawson AB, Zhao S. A data-driven approach for estimating the change-points and impact of major events on disease risk. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2019; 29:111-118. [PMID: 31128619 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering the impact of events on disease risk is important. Here, a Bayesian spatio-temporal accelerated failure time model furnished an ideal situation for modeling events that could impact survival experience via spatial and temporal frailty estimates. Through a hierarchical structure, this model allowed the data to detect the change-point(s) in addition to generating the event-related estimates. Both a real data case study and a simulation study were employed for testing these methods. The results suggested that meaningful and accurate change-points could be detected. Further, accurate event-related estimates for individuals in relation to those change-points could be obtained. By allowing the data to drive the change-point choices, the models were better fitting and the inference was more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carroll
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - A B Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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