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Estimating the burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution (ambient PM2.5 and ambient ozone) in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:705-717. [DOI: 10.7196/samj.2022.v112i8b.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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2
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Barkhordari A, I Guzman M, Ebrahimzadeh G, Sorooshian A, Delikhoon M, Jamshidi Rastani M, Golbaz S, Fazlzadeh M, Nabizadeh R, Norouzian Baghani A. Characteristics and health effects of particulate matter emitted from a waste sorting plant. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:244-256. [PMID: 35868092 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid waste components can be recycled in waste paper and cardboard sorting plants (WPCSP) through a multistep process. This work collected 15 samples every six days from each of the 9 points selected to study the processes taking place in a WPCSP (135 particulate matter samples total). Examining the concentration and size fraction of particulate matter (i.e., PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) in WPCSP is an essential issue to notify policy makers about the health impacts on exposed workers. The major activities for increasing of the concentration of PM in various processing units in the WPCSP, especially in hand-picking routes I and II were related to manual dismantling, mechanical grinding, mechanical agitation, and separation and movement of waste. The results of this work showed that a negative correlation between temperature and particulate matter size followed the order PM10 > PM2.5 > PM1. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in the WPCSP lead to possible risk (HI = 5.561 and LTCRs = 3.41 × 10-6 to 9.43 × 10-5 for PM2.5 and HI = 7.454 for PM10). The exposure duration and the previous concentrations had the most effect on the ILCRs and HQs for PM2.5 and PM10 in all sampling sites. Hence, because WPCSP are infected indoor environments (I/O ratio > 1), the use of control methods such as isolation of units, misting systems, blower systems equipped with bag houses, protective equipment, a mechanical ventilation system, and additional natural ventilation can reduce the amount of suspended PM, enhance worker safety, and increase the recycling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Barkhordari
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Marcelo I Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mahdieh Delikhoon
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jamshidi Rastani
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Somayeh Golbaz
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Norouzian Baghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Long-Term Studies of Biological Components of Atmospheric Aerosol: Trends and Variability. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Biological components of atmospheric aerosol affect the quality of atmospheric air. Long-term trends in changes of the concentrations of total protein (a universal marker of the biogenic component of atmospheric aerosol) and culturable microorganisms in the air are studied. Methods: Atmospheric air samples are taken at two locations in the south of Western Siberia and during airborne sounding of the atmosphere. Sample analysis is carried out in the laboratory using standard culture methods (culturable microorganisms) and the fluorescence method (total protein). Results: Negative trends in the average annual concentration of total protein and culturable microorganisms in the air are revealed over more than 20 years of observations. For the concentration of total protein and culturable microorganisms in the air, intra-annual dynamics is revealed. The ratio of the maximum and minimum values of these concentrations reaches an order of magnitude. The variability of concentrations does not exceed, as a rule, two times for total protein and three times for culturable microorganisms. At the same time, for the data obtained in the course of airborne sounding of the atmosphere, a high temporal stability of the vertical profiles of the studied concentrations was found. The detected biodiversity of culturable microorganisms in atmospheric air samples demonstrates a very high variability at all observation sites. Conclusions: The revealed long-term changes in the biological components of atmospheric aerosol result in a decrease in their contribution to the atmospheric air quality index.
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Zhang L, Ou C, Magana-Arachchi D, Vithanage M, Vanka KS, Palanisami T, Masakorala K, Wijesekara H, Yan Y, Bolan N, Kirkham MB. Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11055. [PMID: 34769574 PMCID: PMC8582694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- School of Health, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Dhammika Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanth Swaroop Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Kanaji Masakorala
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 80000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - M. B. Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Azaglo GSK, Khogali M, Hann K, Pwamang JA, Appoh E, Appah-Sampong E, Agyarkwa MAK, Fiati C, Kudjawu J, Hedidor GK, Akumwena A, Timire C, Tweya H, Opintan JA, Harries AD. Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030110. [PMID: 34201909 PMCID: PMC8293412 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Saviour Kudjo Azaglo
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-244057607
| | - Mohammed Khogali
- Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katrina Hann
- Sustainable Health Systems, Lumley Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone;
| | - John Alexis Pwamang
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Emmanuel Appoh
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Ebenezer Appah-Sampong
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Meldon Ansah-Koi Agyarkwa
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Carl Fiati
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Jewel Kudjawu
- Environmental Protection Agency, Ministries Post Office, P.O. Box MB 326, Accra, Ghana; (J.A.P.); (E.A.); (E.A.-S.); (M.A.-K.A.); (C.F.); (J.K.)
| | - George Kwesi Hedidor
- World Health Organization Country Office, P.O. Box MB 142, Roman Ridge, Accra, Ghana;
| | - Amos Akumwena
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; (A.A.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Collins Timire
- Ministry of Health, P.O. Box CY 1122, Harare, Zimbabwe;
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Hannock Tweya
- The Lighthouse Trust, P.O. Box 106, Lilongwe, Malawi;
| | - Japheth A. Opintan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; (A.A.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75006 Paris, France;
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Morakinyo OM, Mukhola MS, Mokgobu MI. Health Risk Analysis of Elemental Components of an Industrially Emitted Respirable Particulate Matter in an Urban Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073653. [PMID: 33915712 PMCID: PMC8036924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a recognised carcinogen and a priority air pollutant owing to its respirable and toxic chemical components. There is a dearth of information in South Africa on cancer and non-cancer risks of exposure to heavy metal (HM) content of PM2.5. This study determined the seasonal concentration of HM in PM2.5 and the cancer and non-cancer risks of exposure to HM in PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 was monitored and samples were collected during the winter and summer months in an industrialized area in South Africa. Concentration levels of nine HMs—As, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn—were determined in the PM2.5 samples using inductive coupled optical emission spectrophotometry. The non-cancer and cancer risks of each metal through the inhalation, ingestion and dermal routes were estimated using the Hazard Quotient and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), respectively, among infants, children, and adults. Mean concentration of each HM-bound PM2.5 was higher in winter than in summer. The probability of the HM to induce non-cancer effects was higher during winter than in summer. The mean ELCR for HMs in PM2.5 (5.24 × 10−2) was higher than the acceptable limit of 10−6 to 10−4. The carcinogenic risk from As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were higher than the acceptable limit for all age groups. The risk levels for the carcinogenic HMs followed the order: Cr > As > Cd > Ni > Pb. The findings indicated that the concentrations of HM in PM2.5 demonstrated a season-dependent pattern and could trigger cancer and non-cancer health risks. The formulation of a regulatory standard for HM in South Africa and its enforcement will help in reducing human exposure to HM-bound PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (M.I.M.)
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7
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Ambient Gaseous Pollutants in an Urban Area in South Africa: Levels and Potential Human Health Risk. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban air pollution from gaseous pollutants is a growing public health problem in many countries including South Africa. Examining the levels, trends and health risk of exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants will assist in understanding the effectiveness of existing control measures and plan for suitable management strategies. This study determined the concentration levels and non-cancer risk of CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 at an industrial area in Pretoria West, South Africa. We utilised a set of secondary data for CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 that was obtained from a monitoring station. Analysis of the hourly monitored data was done. Their non-cancer risk (HQ) was determined using the human health risk assessment model for different age categories. The annual levels of NO2 (39.442 µg/m3), SO2 (22.464 µg/m3), CO (722.003 µg/m3) and the 8-hour concentration of CO (649.902 µg/m3) and O3 (33.556 µg/m3) did not exceed the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards for each pollutant. The HQ for each pollutant across exposed groups (except children) was less than 1. This indicates that the recorded levels could not pose non-cancer risk to susceptible individuals.
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Chen P, Wang D, Ren Q, Wu J, Jiang Y, Wu Z, Pan Y, Zhong Y, Guan Y, Chen K, Zhang G. Bacillus aerolatus sp. nov., a novel member of the genus Bacillus, isolated from bioaerosols in a school playground. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2373-2378. [PMID: 32583126 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium with a single flagellum, and a motile strain, designated CX253, was isolated from bioaerosols. The isolate is facultatively anaerobic, is able to grow at 25-45 ℃ (optimum 37 ℃) and pH 6.5-10.0 (optimum 7.5), and can tolerate up to 5.0% NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall of strain CX253T is meso-diaminopimelic acid, while major isoprenoid quinone is menaquinone 6 (MK-6) along with a smaller amount of MK-7 (20%). The polar lipid profile is composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids and glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acid is iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequence grouped strain CX253T into the genus Bacillus. The strain was most closely related to Bacillus thermotolerans CCTCC AB 2012108 T by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence (97.2% similarity) and to Bacillus wudalianchiensis CCTCC AB 2015266 T by comparison of gyrB gene sequence (80.1% similarity). The draft genome of strain CX253T comprised 3,929,195 bp with a G + C content of 43.3 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CX253T and phylogenetically related Bacillus species were lower than 95% and 70%, respectively. Thus, the polyphasic evidence generated through phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic methods confirmed that strain CX253T (= GDMCC 1.1608 T = KACC 21318 T) was a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus aerolatus sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - DeDong Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - QiaoQiao Ren
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - JiGuo Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - YunXia Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - ZhenDong Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - YiMin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - GuoXia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Sharma G, Guleria R, Mathur V. Differences in plant metabolites and microbes associated with Azadirachta indica with variation in air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113595. [PMID: 31801671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of air pollution by plants is a well-established phenomenon. Trees planted on the roadside are known to reduce particulate matter pollution by about 25%. In an urban ecosystem, especially in a metropolitan city such as Delhi, roadside trees are constantly exposed to air pollution. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of air pollution on a common Indian roadside tree, Neem (Azadirachta indica), and its associated microbes in areas with high and low levels of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Delhi. We hypothesized that alteration in the air quality index not only influences plant physiology but also its microbiome. A 100-fold increase in the number of epiphytic and 10-100 fold increase in endophytic colonies were found with 1.7 times increase in the level of pollutants. Trees in the polluted areas had an abundance of Salmonella, Proteus and Citrobacter, and showed increased secondary metabolites such as phenols and tannins as well as decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid. The number of unique microbes was positively correlated with increased primary metabolites. Our study thus indicates that, alteration in air quality affects the natural micro-environment of plants. These results may be utilized as sustainable tools for studying plant adaptations to the urban ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Animal-Plant Interactions Lab, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vartika Mathur
- Animal-Plant Interactions Lab, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Wang HH, Zhang SC, Wang J, Chen X, Yin H, Huang DY. Combined toxicity of outdoor air pollution on kidney function among adult women in Mianyang City, southwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124603. [PMID: 31442773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a risk factor for kidney dysfunction. However, the combined toxicity of air pollutants on kidney function is scarce. We estimated the relationship between combined toxicity of air pollutants and kidney function among adult women (n = 7071, 18-65 years old) in Mianyang City, Southwest China. We measured serum concentrations of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and cystatin C, and we calculated the individual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using a cystatin C-based equation developed specifically for Chinese patients with CKD equation. Air pollution data were collected to calculate the individual average daily dose (ADD) of pollutants based on the air quality complex index (AQCI). Mean AQCI was higher in winter and lower in summer, and followed the monthly and seasonal trends of air pollutants. Concomitantly, individual ADD was also higher in winter and lower in summer, and the seasonal differences were reflected in the levels of kidney biomarkers (including uric acid, urea, creatinine, cystatin C, and eGFR). With an interquartile range (IQR: 1.04-1.50 m3/day/kg) increases of ADD, the serum concentrations of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and cystatin C increase [B (95%CI): 1.774 (0.318, 3.231) umol/L, 0.218 (0.1888, 0.247) mmol/L, 1.501 (1.016, 1.986) umol/L, and 0.006 (0.003, 0.009) mg/L, respectively], whereas eGFR decreases [B (95%CI): -0.776 (-1.106, -0.446) mL/min/1.73 m2]. Totally, the relationship between combined toxicity of air pollutants and kidney function in Chinese adult women suggests that the toxicity of combined air pollutants inversely affects kidney function, which might accelerate the risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Yang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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11
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The Human Lung Mycobiome in Chronic Respiratory Disease: Limitations of Methods and Our Current Understanding. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-019-00347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang S, Huo X, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xu C, Xu X. The association of PM 2.5 with airway innate antimicrobial activities of salivary agglutinin and surfactant protein D. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:915-923. [PMID: 31509921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a prominent global public health risk factor that can cause respiratory infection by downregulating the amounts of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs). Both salivary agglutinin (SAG) and surfactant protein D (SPD) are important AMPs in respiratory mucosal fluid, providing protection against airway pathogen invasion and infection by inducing microbial aggregation and enhancing pathogen clearance. However, the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs is unclear. To better understand the relationship between PM2.5 and airway innate immune defenses, we review the respiratory antimicrobial activities of SAG and SPD, as well as the adverse effects of PM2.5 on airway innate antimicrobial defense. We speculate there exists a dual effect between PM2.5 and respiratory antimicrobial activity, which means that PM2.5 suppresses respiratory antimicrobial activity through downregulating airway AMPs, while airway AMPs accelerate PM2.5 clearance by inducing PM2.5 microbial aggregation. We propose further research on the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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