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Binder A, Kilian C, Hanke S, Banabak M, Berkenhoff C, Petersen KU, Batra A. Stigma and self-stigma among women within the context of the german "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation: A qualitative analysis of online forums and blogs. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 124:104331. [PMID: 38241887 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, including Germany, it is recommended to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy to avoid harm to the baby. In this qualitative research study, analysis of online forums was conducted to explore women's perception of the German "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation with regard to stigma and self-stigma. METHODS We used a grounded theory approach to analyze online forum discussions on alcohol use during pregnancy. Data consisted of 9 discussion threads from 5 different forums and blogs involving 115 participants in total. We used key concepts developed during analysis and the theory of stigma to interpret the posts. RESULTS We identified five key themes: (1) Low alcohol health literacy as a breeding ground for stigmatization; (2) The widespread assumption that maternal abstinence is a prerequisite for being considered a "good mother"; (3) Interpersonal role conflicts and a guilty conscience as a result of stigmatization or self-stigmatization; (4) Paying little attention to the role of psychosocial factors in alcohol consumption, especially regarding partner responsibility during pregnancy.; (5) Understanding the "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation as a complete ban, associated with loss of autonomy. CONCLUSION The current method of communicating the "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation may have unintended consequences. Specifically, misconceptions about the harm associated with low alcohol consumption and setting high expectations of motherhood are factors that can contribute to stigma or self-stigma and potentially undermine self-efficacy, help-seeking behavior, and overcoming the barriers to alcohol health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Binder
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Kilian
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Hanke
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meryem Banabak
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clara Berkenhoff
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kay Uwe Petersen
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhang HZ, Shao B, Wang QY, Wang YH, Cao ZZ, Chen LL, Sun JY, Gu MF. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:802163. [PMID: 35282366 PMCID: PMC8907587 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.802163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the dose-response association between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords related to alcohol and AF from the establishment of databases up to 1 March 2021. Prospective studies examining the impact of alcohol on the risk of AF with hazard ratios (HRs) were included. Restricted cubic spline regression was performed to quantify the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and AF risk. Results Thirteen eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 645,826 participants and 23,079 cases of AF. When compared with non-/seldom-drinkers, the pooled adjusted HRs of AF were 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.41) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96–1.05) for high and low alcohol consumption, respectively. Moderate alcohol intake significantly increased the risk of AF in males (HR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10–1.33) but not in females (HR, 1.02; 95% CI: 0.91–1.14). The cubic spline regression analysis illustrated that the risk of AF significantly increased with daily alcohol intake in a Non-linear manner (R2 = 0.64, P = 5.785 × 10−12). Conclusion This study revealed a Non-linearly positive association between alcohol intake and the risk of AF. Low alcohol intake was not associated with the development of AF, whereas moderate alcohol intake significantly increased the risk of AF in males but not in females. Our meta-analysis highlighted that alcohol consumption should be restricted to a low level to reduce the risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Zhong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Feng Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Grittner U, Bloomfield K, Kuntsche S, Callinan S, Stanesby O, Gmel G. Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: Using item-response theory to scale harms from others' heavy drinking in 10 countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:577-587. [PMID: 34460976 PMCID: PMC8882707 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heavy drinking of others may negatively affect an individual on several dimensions of life. Until now, there is scarce research about how to judge the severity of various experiences of such harms. This study aims to empirically scale the severity of such harm items and to determine who is at most risk of these harms. METHODS We used population-based survey data from 10 countries of the GENAHTO project (Gender and Alcohol's Harms to Others, data collection: 2011-2016). Questions about harms from others' drinking asked about verbal and physical harm, damage of belongings, traffic accidents, harassment, threatening behaviour, family and financial problems. We used item response theory methods (IRT) to scale severity of the aforementioned items. To acknowledge culturally based variations in different countries, we assessed 'differential item functioning'. RESULTS The items 'family problems', 'financial problems' and 'clothes and property damage' as well as 'physical harm' were scaled as more severe in most countries compared to other items. Substantial differential item functioning was present in more than half of the country pairings. The item 'financial problems' was most often differentially scaled. Younger people who drank more, as well as women (compared to men), reported more harm. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Using IRT, we were able to evaluate grades of severity in harms from others' drinking. IRT scaling yielded in similar rankings of items as reported from other studies. However, empirical scaling allows for more differentiated severity scaling than simple summary scores and is more sensitive to cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany, Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark., Health Promotion Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark, Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, USA
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland., Addiction Switzerland, Research Department, Lausanne, Switzerland., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada., University of the West of England, Faculty of Health and Applied Science, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Alcohol Use Frequencies and Associated Problems Across Drinking Contexts. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:91-98. [PMID: 35040764 PMCID: PMC8819891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better quantify the impact of specific on- and off-premise drinking contexts on population-level alcohol-related problems, we evaluated context-specific risks relative to frequency of use of each context. METHOD We surveyed 860 adult (21-100 years) past-year drinkers in the California East Bay, sampled in areas of high versus low median household income and off-premise alcohol outlet densities. We examined associations of context-specific drinking frequencies in seven on- and off-premise drinking locations with individual and area characteristics using negative binomial regression. Next, we used heteroscedastic ordered logistic regression to relate context-specific drinking frequencies and continued volumes to five drinking-related problems (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores, physiological problems, risky sex, social problems, and driving after drinking too much). To estimate population-level effects, we assessed drinking frequencies relative to mean past-year use of each drinking context. RESULTS Higher individual annual income (>$60,000) was associated with more frequent drinking in all on-premise drinking contexts (bars/clubs, restaurants, and stadiums). Heavier overall drinking was associated with drinking more frequently at bars. Drinking more frequently in respondents' own homes and heavier drinking at friends'/relatives' homes were associated with most drinking-related problems. The population-level effects of physiological problems and driving after drinking too much were highest for parties and friends'/relatives' homes, whereas that of risky sex outcomes was highest for bars. CONCLUSIONS Assessing context-specific risks related to heavy and/or frequent drinking, in combination with scaling these risks to determine population-level impacts, can help tailor interventions to reduce alcohol-related problems across different on- and off-premise contexts.
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Callinan S, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Roberts SCM, Cook W, Kuntsche S, Grittner U, Graham K, Room R, Bloomfield K, Greenfield T, Wilsnack S. A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others' drinking. DRUGS (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 29:13-20. [PMID: 35177882 PMCID: PMC8846432 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1776684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine how gender, age and education, regional prevalence of male and female risky drinking and country-level economic gender equality are associated with harms from other people's drinking. METHODS 24,823 adults in ten countries were surveyed about harms from drinking by people they know and strangers. Country-level economic gender equality and regional prevalence of risky drinking along with age and gender were entered as independent variables into three-level random intercept models predicting alcohol-related harm. FINDINGS At the individual level, younger respondents were consistently more likely to report harms from others' drinking, while, for women, higher education was associated with lower risk of harms from known drinkers but higher risk of harms from strangers. Regional rate of men's risky drinking was associated with known and stranger harm, while regional-level women's risky drinking was associated with harm from strangers. Gender equality was only associated with harms in models in models that did not include risky drinking. CONCLUSIONS Youth and regional levels of men's drinking was consistently associated with harm from others attributable to alcohol. Policies that decrease the risky drinking of men would be likely to reduce harms attributable to the drinking of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah C. M. Roberts
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Won Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto/London, Ontario, Canada,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Tom Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Leddy AM, Hahn JA, Getahun M, Emenyonu NI, Woolf-King SE, Sanyu N, Katusiime A, Fatch R, Chander G, Hutton HE, Muyindike WR, Camlin CS. Cultural Adaptation of an Intervention to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV in Southwestern Uganda. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:237-250. [PMID: 33590322 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous drinking by persons living with HIV (PLHIV) is a well-established determinant of sub-optimal HIV care and treatment outcomes. Despite this, to date, few interventions have sought to reduce hazardous drinking among PLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We describe an iterative cultural adaptation of an evidence-based multi-session alcohol reduction intervention for PLHIV in southwestern Uganda. The adaptation process included identifying core, theoretically informed, intervention elements, and conducting focus group discussions and cognitive interviews with community members, HIV clinic staff and patients to modify key intervention characteristics for cultural relevance and saliency. Adaptation of evidence-based alcohol reduction interventions can be strengthened by the inclusion of the target population and key stakeholders in shaping the content, while retaining fidelity to core intervention elements.
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Mougharbel F, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Heidinger B, Corace K, Hamilton HA, Goldfield GS. Psychological and Demographic Determinants of Substance Use and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:680028. [PMID: 34249844 PMCID: PMC8270652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.680028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption and distress have increased among Canadians since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We examined whether sociodemographic and COVID-19-related worries are associated with various combinations of alcohol consumption and comorbid psychological distress variables among a Canadian sample of adults. Data were derived from a sample of Canadian adults (N = 1,005, 49.6% female) who participated in an online survey in May 2020. Four multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of binge drinking, increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic, and psychological distress. Predictor variables used in the analyses included self-reported sociodemographic characteristics, financial worries, COVID-19 impact on work, and worrying about getting ill. Results: Women were found to have higher odds of increased drinking and anxiety. Also being divorced, separated, or widowed was associated with higher odds of binge drinking and anxiety, and binge drinking and depression. Furthermore, being 60 or older was associated with lower odds of binge drinking and depression and increased drinking and depression, as well as lower odds of increased drinking and depression and increased drinking and anxiety. High income groups were associated with higher odds of binge drinking, increased drinking, and mental distress. Compared to those less worried, being very worried about finances were associated with higher odds of binge drinking and anxiety, increased drinking and anxiety, and increased drinking and depression. Also, being very worried about getting ill with COVID was associated with higher odds of binge drinking and anxiety and increased drinking and anxiety. Conclusion: Our findings identify several demographic and COVID-related worries for increased odds of alcohol intake and co-morbid psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, including identifying as a woman, high income groups, being divorced, separated or widowed, and experiencing financial worries and COVID illness worries. These characteristics should be considered when developing prevention and treatment programs for adults with problematic alcohol use and comorbid anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brandon Heidinger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley A. Hamilton
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Pinedo M, Zemore S, Beltrán-Girón J, Gilbert P, Castro Y. Women's Barriers to Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment: A Qualitative Exploration of Racial/Ethnic Differences. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:653-660. [PMID: 31531756 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore barriers to specialty substance abuse treatment programs among women with recent substance use disorders by race/ethnicity. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 28 women of White, Black, and Latino racial/ethnic descent who reported a substance use disorder in the past 5 years. Interviews were conducted by telephone and were audio-recorded. A codebook was developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior to code and identify barriers within the domains of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control toward specialty treatment. Frequencies for coded themes were then compared across all participants and by race/ethnicity. We identified several key differences in barriers to treatment by race/ethnicity. Attitudinal barriers were more pervasive among the narratives of Latinas relative to Black and White women. Latinas were more likely to report not needing treatment and that treatment would not be effective; Latinas were the only group to describe cultural barriers to treatment. Within the subjective norms domain, namely stigma and lack of support, were key barriers. Stigma was more pervasive among the narratives of Latinas and Black women than White women; Latinas were more likely to report a lack of social support for using treatment than both Black and White women. Findings provide deeper insight into barriers that may be contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in the use of substance abuse treatment among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinedo
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., Stop D3700, Austin, TX, 78712-1415, USA.
| | - S Zemore
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
| | - J Beltrán-Girón
- Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Department of Community & Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, USA
| | - Yessenia Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas, Austin, USA
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Kezer CA, Simonetto DA, Shah VH. Sex Differences in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1006-1016. [PMID: 33714602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the United States. Previously alcohol-associated liver disease was known to affect men more often than women; however, this gap between the sexes is narrowing. Studies show that women develop liver disease with lesser alcohol exposure and suffer worse disease as compared with men. This review article explores the increasing prevalence of alcohol-associated liver disease in women, reasons for changing patterns in alcohol consumption and liver disease development including obesity and bariatric surgery, proposed mechanisms of sex-specific differences in alcohol metabolism that may account for this discrepancy between men and women, and sex differences in treatment enrollment and response. Studies were identified by performing a literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar and through review of the references in retrieved articles. Search terms included alcohol-associated liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, sex, gender, female, epidemiology, bariatric surgery, obesity, treatment. Due to the paucity of literature on some of the relevant subject matter and inclusion of landmark studies, no date range was selected. Studies were included if their methods were sufficiently robust and they made a comparison between the sexes that is clinically relevant. Understanding of the changing epidemiology and mechanisms of liver disease development unique to women are paramount in creating appropriate and effective interventions for women who represent a rapidly growing subset of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Lyall V, Wolfson L, Reid N, Poole N, Moritz KM, Egert S, Browne AJ, Askew DA. "The Problem Is that We Hear a Bit of Everything…": A Qualitative Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Alcohol Use, Reduction, and Abstinence in Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073445. [PMID: 33810338 PMCID: PMC8037183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to women's alcohol use in pregnancy is critical to supporting women's health and wellness and preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. A systematic review of qualitative studies involving pregnant and recently postpartum women was undertaken to understand the barriers and facilitators that influence alcohol use in pregnancy (PROSPERO: CRD42018098831). Twenty-seven (n = 27) articles were identified through EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science. The included articles were thematically analyzed using NVivo12. The analysis was informed by Canada's Action Framework for Building an Inclusive Health System to articulate the ways in which stigma and related barriers are enacted at the individual, interpersonal, institutional and population levels. Five themes impacting women's alcohol use, abstention and reduction were identified: (1) social relationships and norms; (2) stigma; (3) trauma and other stressors; (4) alcohol information and messaging; and (5) access to trusted equitable care and essential resources. The impact of structural and systemic factors on prenatal alcohol use was largely absent in the included studies, instead focusing on individual choice. This silence risks perpetuating stigma and highlights the criticality of addressing intersecting structural and systemic factors in supporting maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lyall
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Lindsay Wolfson
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC V5R OA4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-647-270-4048
| | - Natasha Reid
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (N.R.); (K.M.M.)
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC V5R OA4, Canada
| | - Karen M. Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (N.R.); (K.M.M.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sonya Egert
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia;
| | - Annette J. Browne
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Deborah A. Askew
- Primary Care Clinical Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (D.A.A.)
- Southern Queensland Centre of Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care, Inala, QLD 4077, Australia;
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Huckle T, Callinan S, Pham C, Chaiyasong S, Parker K, Casswell S. Harmful drinking occurs in private homes in some high- and middle-income alcohol markets: Data from the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:616-623. [PMID: 32805071 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe how for some high- and middle-income countries, the total volume of alcohol, including volume consumed in harmful drinking occasions, is distributed across drinking locations in each country. METHODS Population surveys of drinkers were conducted as part of the International Alcohol Control Study in New Zealand, Australia, Vietnam and Thailand. Consumption data were collected using a beverage- and location-specific measure that also allows for the measurement of unrecorded alcohol. RESULTS In the high-income countries, the percentage of absolute alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions was 44% in New Zealand and 51% in Australia. In the middle-income countries, the proportions were 55% in Vietnam and 66% in Thailand. The vast majority of alcohol was consumed in private homes (67% or above in all four countries). Private homes were also the location where the highest percentage of alcohol was consumed in harmful drinking occasions (range 33% in New Zealand to 44% in Vietnam). Unrecorded/untaxed alcohol was of considerable importance for heavier drinking occasions in private homes in Vietnam. Bars and nightclubs were more likely locations for harmful drinking in the high-income countries relative to the middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS As the majority of alcohol consumed in each country, including in harmful drinking occasions, was consumed in private homes, these findings make take-away alcohol a focus for alcohol policy including trading hour and pricing policies. Unrecorded alcohol was also of considerable importance in Vietnam, highlighting the importance of the policy responses being developed to address unrecorded alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Huckle
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuong Pham
- Centre for Injury Policy and Prevention Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit and PhD Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Karl Parker
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- Shore and Whairki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Interactive Effects of Quality of Life and Related Factors on Alcohol Use Outcomes. Can J Aging 2020; 40:49-67. [PMID: 32029021 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980819000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation derives its impetus from public health concerns around detecting, mitigating, and preventing the deleterious effects that alcohol use can cause particularly in advanced age. We aim to complement gerontological research by exploring the interactive effects of quality of life and related factors on alcohol use outcomes assessed by the Drinking Problem Index. The study is based on cross-sectional data collected from questionnaires mailed to a randomly drawn sample of 6,000 Norwegian adults aged 62 and older (participation rate: 32%). According to the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis, constellations of interactive factors emerged differently for women and men, and, between non-problem and problem drinkers. For women, drinking outcomes were related to intra-psychic functioning, and for men, to physical health and social situation. An ongoing quality-of-life assessment may be very important in the comprehensive assistance provided to those older people who are vulnerable to undergoing alcohol-related harms.
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Dare J, Wilkinson C, Traumer L, Kusk KH, McDermott ML, Uridge L, Grønkjaer M. "Women of my age tend to drink": the social construction of alcohol use by Australian and Danish women aged 50-70 years. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:35-49. [PMID: 31538364 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Australia and Denmark, women aged 50-70 years are more likely than younger women to consume alcohol at levels that exceed national low risk drinking guidelines. To explore and possibly help explain this sociocultural shift in patterns of alcohol use, this research investigated the social construction of alcohol use amongst 49 women (25 in Northern Denmark, 24 in Western Australia) aged 50-69 years. The women viewed drinking as normal and acceptable. While some women reported reducing their drinking due to health concerns, others neutralised alcohol-related health risks through compensatory behaviours including exercise. Such constructions arguably serve to sustain at-risk drinking amongst some women. Our research highlights that interventions to minimise alcohol-related health risks amongst middle-aged and young-old women should acknowledge that women's social construction of their drinking practices may prioritise subjective experiences of "being in control" while drinking, over biomedical understandings of the health impacts of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dare
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Celia Wilkinson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Line Traumer
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathrine H Kusk
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lynsey Uridge
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mette Grønkjaer
- Clinical Nursing Research Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Gender Equality, Drinking Cultures and Second-Hand Harms from Alcohol in the 50 US States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234619. [PMID: 31766337 PMCID: PMC6926546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Gender inequality and cultures of binge drinking may increase the risk of second-hand harms from alcohol. Methods: Using the 2014–2015 National Alcohol Survey and 2015 National Alcohol’s Harm to Others Survey (N = 7792), we examine associations of state-level gender equality measures (contraceptive access, abortion rights, women’s economic equality) and binge drinking cultures (rates of men’s and women’s binge drinking) with individual-level indicators of second-hand harms by drinking strangers and partners/spouses. Results: In main effects models, only male binge drinking was associated with greater odds of harms from drinking strangers. There were significant interactions of gender equality with male binge drinking: High male binge drinking rates were more strongly associated with stranger-perpetrated harms in states low on contraceptive access or abortion rights compared to states high on these measures. Conversely, male binge drinking was more strongly associated with spouse/partner-perpetrated second-hand harms in states with more economic equality, compared to states lower on this measure. Conclusions: Detrimental effects of high male binge drinking rates may be modified by gender equality. Targeted interventions may reduce alcohol-related harms experienced by women in states with high rates of male binge drinking. Restrictions in access to contraception and abortion may exacerbate harms due to men’s drinking.
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15
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Room R, Callinan S, Greenfield T, Rekve D, Waleewong O, Stanesby O, Thamarangsi T, Benegal V, Casswell S, Florenzano R, Hanh T, Hettige S, Karriker-Jaffe K, Obot I, Rao G, Siengsounthone L, Laslett AM. The social location of harm from others' drinking in 10 societies. Addiction 2019; 114:425-433. [PMID: 30248718 PMCID: PMC6377290 DOI: 10.1111/add.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Survey data from 10 diverse countries were used to analyse the social location of harms from others' drinking: which segments of the population are more likely to be adversely affected by such harm, and how does this differ between societies? METHODS General-population surveys in Australia, Chile, India, Laos, New Zealand, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United States and Vietnam, with a primary focus on the social location of the harmed person by gender, age groups, rural/urban residence and drinking status. Harms from known drinkers were analysed separately from harms from strangers. RESULTS In all sites, risky or moderate drinkers were more likely than abstainers to report harm from the drinking of known drinkers, with risky drinkers the most likely to report harm. This was also generally true for harm from strangers' drinking, although the patterns were more mixed in Vietnam and Thailand. Harm from strangers' drinking was more often reported by males, while gender disparity in harm from known drinkers varied between sites. Younger adults were more likely to experience harm both from known drinkers and from strangers in some, but not all, societies. Only a few sites showed significant urban/rural differences, with disparities varying in direction. In multivariate analyses, most relationships remained, although some were no longer significant. CONCLUSION The social location of harms from others' drinking, whether known or a stranger, varies considerably between societies. One near-commonality among the societies is that those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to suffer harm from others' drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - S. Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - T.K. Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA,
| | - D. Rekve
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Waleewong
- Health Promotion Policy Research Center; International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi Thailand,
| | - O. Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - T. Thamarangsi
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Environmental Health, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India,
| | - V. Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bangalore, India,
| | - S. Casswell
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - R. Florenzano
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Facultades de Psicología y de Ciencia Social; Universidades de Chile y de los Andes, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Santiago de Chile, Chile,
| | - T.M.H. Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Vietnam,
| | - S. Hettige
- Department of Sociology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka and Adjunct Professor, Globalism Research Centre, School of Social Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - K.J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, USA,
| | - I. Obot
- Department of Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria & Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse (CRISA), Uyo, Nigeria,
| | - G. Rao
- Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bangalore, India,
| | - L. Siengsounthone
- Research Outcomes Management Department, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR,
| | - A.-M. Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia,
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16
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Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Barabasz Z, Sobolewski M, Nizioł-Babiarz E, Penar-Zadarko B, Szybisty A, Zadarko E. Alcohol Consumption and Risky Drinking Patterns among College Students from Selected Countries of the Carpathian Euroregion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6084541. [PMID: 30671465 PMCID: PMC6317088 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6084541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of excessive alcohol consumption still remains a significant challenge to the actions in the scope of public health of European citizens. The aim of this study is to present the prevalence of alcohol consumption and to estimate the occurrence of risky drinking among college students from the Polish, Slovak, Romanian, and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Euroregion, taking social contexts into account. The consumption of alcohol was estimated on the basis of the respondents' statements regarding the quantity and frequency of their consumption of beer, wine, and vodka. The study included people from the first year of undergraduate studies. The analysis used the Chi-square independence test and odds ratios (ORs). There were significant differences in the frequency of alcohol consumption, as well as the individual types consumed, among the respondents from the analyzed countries. Of the examined college students, 70% admit to occasional drinking. The pattern of dangerous alcohol consumption occurs in the case of approximately every seventh person. Risky drinking occurs with much greater frequency among male students rather than their female counterparts. In Romania, a very small percentage of female students engage in risky drinking. The analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the frequency of risky drinking between countries. The coexistence of other adverse health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol abuse, was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zbigniew Barabasz
- Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Department of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Szybisty
- Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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17
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Sanz-Barbero B, Linares C, Vives-Cases C, González JL, López-Ossorio JJ, Díaz J. Heat wave and the risk of intimate partner violence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:413-419. [PMID: 29981991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high number of women report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). It is of utmost importance to identify possible factors that precipitate IPV and incorporate them into police protocols for evaluating IPV risk. Scientific evidence shows that environmental temperature is associated with a risk of violent behavior. OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect and impact of heat waves on the risk of IPV. METHODS Ecological, longitudinal time series study. The dependent variables are: intimate partner femicides (IPF), reports of IPV and 016 IPV telephone help line calls in the Community of Madrid from 05/01 to 09/30 in the years 2008-2016. The principal independent variable is the daily maximum temperature in Celsius (Tmax) above the heat wave threshold of 34 °C. A binomial negative regression was used for calls and reports and a Poisson regression was used for IPF. The attributable risk among those exposed (AR%) and the number of attributable cases was calculated for each variable. RESULTS The risk of IPF increased three days after the heat wave, [RR(IC95%):1.40(1.00-1.97)], police reports of IPV increased one day after [RR (IC95%):1.02(1.00-1.03) and help line calls increased five days after [RR(IC95%):1.01(1.00-1.03)]. The AR% was 28.8% (IC95%: 0.3%-49.2%) for IPF, 1.7% (IC95%:0.3%-3.1%) for police reports and 1.43% (IC95:0.1%;2.8%) for help line calls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that heat waves are associated with an increase in IPV. The effect of an increase in IPV is delayed in time, with differences according to the violence indicators analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Alicante University, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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King TL, Kavanagh A, Scovelle AJ, Milner A. Associations between gender equality and health: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 2018:5233434. [PMID: 30534989 DOI: 10.1093/yel/day093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to evaluate the impact of gender equality on the health of both women and men in high-income countries. A range of health outcomes arose across the 48 studies included. Gender equality was measured in various ways, including employment characteristics, political representation, access to services, and with standard indicators (such as the Global Gender Gap Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure). The effects of gender equality varied depending on the health outcome examined, and the context in which gender equality was examined (i.e. employment or domestic domain). Overall, evidence suggests that greater gender equality has a mostly positive effect on the health of males and females. We found utility in the convergence model, which postulates that gender equality will be associated with a convergence in the health outcomes of men and women, but unless there is encouragement and support for men to assume more non-traditional roles, further health gains will be stymied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L King
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Anna J Scovelle
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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19
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Cherpitel CJ, Korcha RA, Witbrodt J, Ye Y. Risk of Alcohol-Related Injury: Does Societal Drinking Context Make a Difference? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:876-880. [PMID: 30573018 PMCID: PMC6308177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether country-level frequency of drinking in a public context and in a private context is associated with rates of alcohol-related injury in emergency department studies from those same countries. METHOD Emergency department data on 5,104 injured patients in 10 countries from the International Collaborative Alcohol and Injury Study (ICAIS) and aggregate level drinking context data from the Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) are analyzed. The association of societal drinking context (public and private) with variation in the rate of self-reported drinking before injury is examined using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Controlling for demographic characteristics, individual-level volume and drinking pattern, study-level volume, and country-level drinking pattern and alcohol control policy, societal public drinking context was significantly predictive of an alcohol-related injury (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, CI [1.02, 1.13]), whereas societal private drinking context was not. Public drinking context was predictive of violence-related injury (OR = 1.09, CI [1.01, 1.17]), whereas private drinking context was predictive of injuries from falls (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.02]). Neither societal drinking context was significantly predictive of traffic-related injuries whereas both public (OR = 1.06, CI [1.01, 1.12]) and private (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.03]) contexts were predictive of injuries from other causes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that societal drinking context does make a difference in the likelihood of an alcohol-related injury, which is important for a better understanding of the role of drinking context in a country in the occurrence of an alcohol-related injury and may inform future recommendations for reducing this harmful consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
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20
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Wilsnack RW, Kristjanson AF, Wilsnack SC, Bloomfield K, Grittner U, Crosby RD. The Harms That Drinkers Cause: Regional Variations Within Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG RESEARCH 2018; 7:30-36. [PMID: 30740189 PMCID: PMC6366667 DOI: 10.7895/ijadr.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Multinational studies of drinking and the harms it may cause typically treat countries as homogeneous. Neglecting variation within countries may lead to inaccurate conclusions about drinking behavior, and particularly about harms drinking causes for people other than the drinkers. This study is the first to examine whether drinkers' self-reported harms to others from drinking vary regionally within multiple countries. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Analyses draw on survey data from 12,356 drinkers in 46 regions (governmental subunits) within 10 countries, collected as part of the GENACIS project (Wilsnack et al., 2009). MEASURES Drinkers reported on eight harms they may have caused others in the past 12 months because of their drinking. The likelihood of reporting one or more of these eight harms was evaluated by multilevel modeling (respondents nested within regions nested within countries), estimating random effects of country and region and fixed effects of gender, age, and regional prevalence of drinking. FINDINGS Reports of causing one or more drinking-related harms to others differed significantly by gender and age (but not by regional prevalence of drinking), but also differed significantly by regions within countries. CONCLUSIONS National and multinational evaluations of adverse effects of drinking on persons other than the drinkers should give more attention to how those effects may vary regionally within countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Arlinda F Kristjanson
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ross D Crosby
- The Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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21
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Grant BF, Chou SP, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Kerridge BT, Ruan WJ, Huang B, Jung J, Zhang H, Fan A, Hasin DS. Prevalence of 12-Month Alcohol Use, High-Risk Drinking, and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:911-923. [PMID: 28793133 PMCID: PMC5710229 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lack of current and comprehensive trend data derived from a uniform, reliable, and valid source on alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major gap in public health information. OBJECTIVE To present nationally representative data on changes in the prevalences of 12-month alcohol use, 12-month high-risk drinking, 12-month DSM-IV AUD, 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month alcohol users, and 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month high-risk drinkers between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study data were derived from face-to-face interviews conducted in 2 nationally representative surveys of US adults: the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, with data collected from April 2001 to June 2002, and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III, with data collected from April 2012 to June 2013. Data were analyzed in November and December 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Twelve-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD. RESULTS The study sample included 43 093 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions and 36 309 participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD increased by 11.2%, 29.9%, and 49.4%, respectively, with alcohol use increasing from 65.4% (95% CI, 64.3%-66.6%) to 72.7% (95% CI, 71.4%-73.9%), high-risk drinking increasing from 9.7% (95% CI, 9.3%-10.2%) to 12.6% (95% CI, 12.0%-13.2%), and DSM-IV AUD increasing from 8.5% (95% CI, 8.0%-8.9%) to 12.7% (95% CI, 12.1%-13.3%). With few exceptions, increases in alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013 were also statistically significant across sociodemographic subgroups. Increases in all of these outcomes were greatest among women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and individuals with lower educational level and family income. Increases were also seen for the total sample and most sociodemographic subgroups for the prevalences of 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month alcohol users from 12.9% (95% CI, 12.3%-17.5%) to 17.5% (95% CI, 16.7%-18.3%) and 12-month DSM-IV AUD among 12-month high-risk drinkers from 46.5% (95% CI, 44.3%-48.7%) to 54.5% (95% CI, 52.7%-56.4%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increases in alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV AUD in the US population and among subgroups, especially women, older adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged, constitute a public health crisis. Taken together, these findings portend increases in many chronic comorbidities in which alcohol use has a substantial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget F. Grant
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - S. Patricia Chou
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tulshi D. Saha
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Roger P. Pickering
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - W. June Ruan
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Boji Huang
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amy Fan
- Epidemiology and Biometry Branch, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York,Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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22
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Fuentes S, Bilal U, Galán I, Villalbí JR, Espelt A, Bosque-Prous M, Franco M, Lazo M. Binge drinking and well-being in European older adults: do gender and region matter? Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:692-699. [PMID: 28431128 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to describe gender and region differences in the prevalence of binge drinking and in the association between binge drinking and well-being, among older adult Europeans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 4, conducted between 2011 and 2012, including 58 489 individuals aged 50 years or older. Sixteen European countries were grouped in four drinking culture regions: South, Central, North and East. We categorized drinking patterns as: never, former, no-binge and binge drinkers. We used the CASP-12 questionnaire to measure well-being. To assess the association between binge drinking and well-being, we fitted two-level mixed effects linear models. Results The highest percentage of binge drinkers was found in Central Europe (17.25% in men and 5.05% in women) and the lowest in Southern Europe (9.74% in men and 2.34% in women). Former, never and binge drinkers had a significant negative association with well-being as compared with no-binge drinkers. There was a significant interaction in this association by gender and region. Overall, associations were generally stronger in women and in Southern and Eastern Europe. The negative association of binge drinking with well-being was especially strong in Southern European women (β = -3.80, 95% CI: -5.16 to - 2.44, P value <0.001). Conclusion In Southern and Eastern European countries the association between binge drinking and well-being is stronger, especially in women, compared with Northern and Central Europe. Cultural factors (such as tolerance to drunkenness) should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Fuentes
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, National Centre for Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Franco
- Area de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Grupo de Epidemiología Social y Cardiovascular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Moderators of Varenicline Treatment Effects in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial for Alcohol Dependence: An Exploratory Analysis. J Addict Med 2016; 9:296-303. [PMID: 26083958 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether varenicline (Chantix) showed more efficacy in treating certain subgroups of patients. In a recent multisite trial, varenicline was shown to be effective in reducing drinking in alcohol-dependent patients, both smokers and nonsmokers. Given the heterogeneity among alcohol-dependent patients, secondary analyses were conducted to determine whether certain subgroups responded more favorably than others to treatment with varenicline. METHODS Data were drawn from a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multisite 13-week trial of varenicline in alcohol-dependent patients (Litten et al., 2013). Seventeen moderator variables were selected for exploratory testing on the basis of theoretical and scientific interest. RESULTS Of the 17 moderator variables assessed, 4 were statistically significant, including cigarettes per day reduction, treatment drinking goal, years drinking regularly, and age of the patient. Two other variables—the type of adverse events experienced by patients and the severity of alcohol-related consequences—seemed to moderate the varenicline treatment effect at borderline statistical significance. Individuals who reduced the number of cigarettes per day experienced a significant effect from varenicline in reducing drinking, whereas those who did not change or who increased their number of cigarettes observed no beneficial effect. Reviewing the moderators related to severity, varenicline seemed to have greater efficacy than placebo among less severely dependent patients. CONCLUSIONS Varenicline seems to be more efficacious in certain subgroups, particularly in those who reduced their smoking and in the "less severe" patient. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the results of these exploratory analyses.
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Erol A, Karpyak VM. Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: Contemporary knowledge and future research considerations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:1-13. [PMID: 26371405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review the contemporary evidence reflecting male/female differences in alcohol use and its consequences along with the biological (sex-related) and psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors associated with those differences. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant publications, which were subsequently screened for the presence/absence of pre-specified criteria for high quality evidence. RESULTS Compared to men, more women are lifetime abstainers, drink less, and are less likely to engage in problem drinking, develop alcohol-related disorders or alcohol withdrawal symptoms. However, women drinking excessively develop more medical problems. Biological (sex-related) factors, including differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as its effect on brain function and the levels of sex hormones may contribute to some of those differences. In addition, differences in alcohol effects on behavior may also be driven by psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) factors. This is evident by variation in the magnitude of differences in alcohol use between countries, decreasing difference in the rates of alcohol consumption in recent generations and other findings. Evidence indicates that both sex and gender-related factors are interacting with alcohol use in complex manner, which differentially impacts the risk for development of the behavioral or medical problems and alcohol use disorders in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of the mechanisms underlying biological (sex-related) as well as psycho-socio-cultural (gender-related) differences in alcohol use and related disorders is needed for development of personalized recommendations for prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders and related problems in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almila Erol
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 200 First Stret SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Basinsitesi, Izmir 35250, Turkey.
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Santos MGR, Paes AT, Sanudo A, Andreoni S, Sanchez ZM. Gender Differences in Predrinking Behavior Among Nightclubs' Patrons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1243-52. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. R. Santos
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Section of Epidemiology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Angela T. Paes
- Department of Information in Health; Section of Statistics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Sanudo
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Section of Biostatistics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Solange Andreoni
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Section of Biostatistics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Zila M. Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Section of Epidemiology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Bosque-Prous M, Espelt A, Borrell C, Bartroli M, Guitart AM, Villalbí JR, Brugal MT. Gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged in Europe: the role of social context and women's empowerment. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:698-705. [PMID: 25616593 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged people and to analyse whether these differences are associated with contextual factors, such as public policies or socioeconomic factors. METHODS Cross-sectional design. The study population included 50- to 64-year-old residents of 16 European countries who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe project conducted in 2010-12 (n = 26 017). We estimated gender differences in hazardous drinking in each country. To determine whether different social context or women's empowerment variables were associated with gender differences in hazardous drinking, we fitted multilevel Poisson regression models adjusted for various individual and country-level variables, which yielded prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Prevalence of hazardous drinking was significantly higher in men than women [30.2% (95% CI: 29.1-31.4%) and 18.6% (95% CI: 17.7-19.4%), respectively] in most countries, although the extent of these differences varied between countries. Among individuals aged 50-64 years in Europe, risk of becoming a hazardous drinker was 1.69 times higher (95% CI: 1.45-1.97) in men, after controlling for individual and country-level variables. We also found that lower values of the gender empowerment measure and higher unemployment rates were associated with higher gender differences in hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION Countries with the greatest gender differences in hazardous drinking were those with the most restrictions on women's behaviour, and the greatest gender inequalities in daily life. Lower gender differences in hazardous drinking seem to be related to higher consumption among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bosque-Prous
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain 5 Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Bartroli
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Guitart
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R Villalbí
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 4 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Brugal
- 1 Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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Gordan VV, McEdward DL, Ottenga ME, Garvan CW, Harris PA. Alkali production in the mouth and its relationship with certain patient's characteristics. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:560-8. [PMID: 25591024 PMCID: PMC4307771 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the relationships among alkali production, diet, oral health behaviors, and oral hygiene. Methods Data from 52 subjects including demographics, diet, and oral hygiene scores were analyzed against the level of arginine and urea enzymes in plaque and saliva samples. An oral habit survey was completed that included: use of tobacco (TB), alcohol (AH), sugary drinks (SD), and diet. Alkali production through arginine deiminase (ADS) and urease activities were measured in smooth-surface supragingival dental plaque and un stimulated saliva samples from all subjects. ADS and urease activities were measured by quantification of the ammonia generated from the incubation of plaque or saliva samples. Spearman correlations were used to compute all associations. Results Participants in the lowest SES (Socio-economic status) group had the habit of consuming sugary drinks the most and had the highest rate of tobacco use. Males consumed significantly more alcohol than females. No significant relationship was found between age or gender and alkali production. Higher rates of sugary drink consumption and tobacco use were significantly related to lower alkali production. Conclusion The study showed a relationship between alkali production and oral hygiene, diet, and certain oral health behaviors. Poor oral hygiene was significantly associated with age, lower SES, tobacco use, and alcohol, and sugary drinks consumption. Clinical relevance Certain oral health behaviors have an impact on oral hygiene and on alkali production; it is important to address these factors with patients as a strategy for caries control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Veiga Gordan
- College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Deborah Landry McEdward
- College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marc Edward Ottenga
- College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Pearl Ann Harris
- College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Strunin L, Díaz-Martínez LR, Díaz-Martínez A, Heeren T, Winter M, Kuranz S, Hernández-Ávila CA, Fernández-Varela H, Solís-Torres C. Drinking patterns and victimization among male and female students in Mexico. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 50:226-35. [PMID: 25534933 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences, identify drinking profiles using latent profile analysis (LPA), and investigate associations between profiles and violent victimization among young people in Mexico. METHODS LPA identified profiles of drinking behavior in a survey of entering first year university students. Multinomial and logistic regression examined associations between drinking patterns, socio-demographic variables and violent victimization. RESULTS The LPA identified five profiles of behaviors and consequences among the 22,224 current, former and never drinkers: Non/Infrequent-No Consequences, Occasional-Few Consequences, Regular-Some Consequences, Heavy-Many Consequences and Excessive-Many Consequences drinkers. The Occasional-Few Consequences profile comprised the largest, and the Excessive-Many Consequences profile the smallest, group of drinkers. Multinomial regression showed males and older students more likely to be Heavy or Excessive-Many Consequences drinkers. Living alone was associated with higher odds, and higher maternal education with lower odds, of being a Non/Infrequent-No Consequences drinker. Heavier drinking profiles were more likely to experience violent victimization adverse consequences. Logistic regression showed male and female Heavy and Excessive-Many Consequences drinkers had the highest odds, and Non/Infrequent drinkers the lowest odds, of experiencing any victimization. CONCLUSION Findings suggest changes in male and female drinking behavior and a continuation of the established pattern of infrequent but high consumption among Mexican youths. Both male and female Heavy and Excessive-Many Consequences drinkers were at elevated risk for experiencing victimization. Identifying cultural gender norms about drinking including drinker expectations and drinking context that contribute to these patterns can inform prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Strunin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - L Rosa Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico/National Institute on Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Calzada México-Xochimilco no.101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegacion Tlalpan, México, D.F. 14570, México
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Edifico 'F' Primer Piso. Circuito Escolar S/N. Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacan, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Seth Kuranz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos A Hernández-Ávila
- Department of Psychiatry and Alcohol Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Héctor Fernández-Varela
- General Medical Services, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar S-N Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacan, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Cuauhtémoc Solís-Torres
- General Medical Services, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Escolar S-N Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacan, México, D.F. 04510, México
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Schmidt LA. The equal right to drink. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:581-7. [PMID: 25303360 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The starting place for this essay is Knupfer and Room's insight that more restrictive norms around drinking and intoxication tend to be selectively applied to the economically dependent segments of society, such as women. However, since these authors wrote in 1964, women in the US and many other societies around the globe have experienced rising economic independence. The essay considers how the moral categories of acceptable drinking and drunkenness may have shifted alongside women's rising economic independence, and looks at evidence on the potential consequences for women's health and wellbeing. I argue that, as women have gained economic independence, changes in drinking norms have produced two different kinds of negative unintended consequences for women at high and low extremes of economic spectrum. As liberated women of the middle and upper classes have become more economically equal to men, they have enjoyed the right to drink with less restraint. For them, alongside the equal right to drink has come greater equality in exposure to alcohol-attributable harms, abuse and dependence. I further suggest that, as societies become more liberated, the economic dependency of low-income women is brought into greater question. Under such conditions, women in poverty-particularly those economically dependent on the state, such as welfare mothers-have become subject to more restrictive norms around drinking and intoxication, and more punitive social controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Department of Anthropology, History and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Cook WK, Bond J, Greenfield TK. Are alcohol policies associated with alcohol consumption in low- and middle-income countries? Addiction 2014; 109:1081-90. [PMID: 24716508 PMCID: PMC4107632 DOI: 10.1111/add.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the associations between alcohol control policies in four regulatory domains with alcohol consumption in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs), controlling for country-level living standards and drinking patterns. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of individual-level alcohol consumption survey data and country-level alcohol policies using multi-level modeling. SETTING Data from 15 LAMICs collected in the Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: an International Study (GENACIS) data set. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 18-65 years. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol policy data compiled by the World Health Organization; individual-level current drinking status, usual quantity and frequency of drinking, binge drinking frequency and total drinking volume; gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity (GDP-PPP) per capita; detrimental drinking pattern scale; and age and gender as individual-level covariates. FINDINGS Alcohol policies regulating the physical availability of alcohol, particularly those concerning business hours or involving a licensing system for off-premises alcohol retail sales, as well as minimum legal drinking age, were the most consistent predictors of alcohol consumption. Aggregate relative alcohol price levels were associated inversely with all drinking variables (P < 0.05) except drinking volume. Greater restrictions on alcohol advertising, particularly beer advertising, were associated inversely with alcohol consumption (P < 0.05). Policies that set legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for drivers and random breath testing to enforce BAC limits were not associated significantly with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol policies that regulate the physical availability of alcohol are associated with lower alcohol consumption in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kim Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010, Telephone: (510) 597-3440, Fax: (510) 985-6459
| | - Jason Bond
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute
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Monk RL, Heim D. A systematic review of the Alcohol norms literature: A focus on context. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2014.899990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Greenfield TK. Gender differences in associations of neighbourhood disadvantage with alcohol's harms to others: a cross-sectional study from the USA. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:296-303. [PMID: 24612367 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To examine whether alcohol's harms to others are more prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods and whether men or women are at differential risk in these neighbourhoods. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey data from 2000 and 2005 National Alcohol Surveys were linked to geo-referenced indicators of neighbourhood disadvantage from the US 2000 Decennial Census. The pooled sample included 10,121 adults (54% female; average age 44.4 years; 69% White; 13% African-American; 13% Hispanic). A dichotomous indicator denoted neighbourhoods based on the top quartile on a five-item measure of disadvantage (alpha = 0.90). We examined past-year family problems due to someone else's drinking (marriage difficulties and/or financial trouble) and victimisation by someone who had been drinking (having property vandalised and/or being pushed, hit or assaulted). RESULTS During the prior 12 months, 6% of women and 3% of men experienced family problems from someone else's drinking, and 4% of women and 7% of men reported being victimised by drinkers. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status and other demographic characteristics showed the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and harms from someone else's drinking was moderated by gender, with significantly higher odds of family problems in disadvantaged neighbourhoods for men but not for women, as well as significantly higher odds of crime victimisation in disadvantaged neighbourhoods for women but not men. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Experiences of harms from someone else's drinking in disadvantaged neighbourhoods vary for men and women. Targeted intervention strategies are needed to reduce alcohol's harm to others.
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Borrell C, Palencia L, Muntaner C, Urquia M, Malmusi D, O'Campo P. Influence of Macrosocial Policies on Women's Health and Gender Inequalities in Health. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 36:31-48. [DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Cunradi CB, Mair C, Todd M, Remer L. Drinking context and intimate partner violence: evidence from the California community health study of couples. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013; 73:731-9. [PMID: 22846237 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Couples in which one or both partners is a heavy or problem drinker are at elevated risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), yet little is known about the extent to which each partner's drinking in different contexts (volume consumed per setting in bars, parties, at home, or in public places) increases the likelihood that partner aggression will occur. This study examined associations between the volume consumed in different settings by each partner and the occurrence and frequency of IPV. METHOD We obtained a geographic sample of married or cohabiting couples residing in 50 medium to large California cities. Cross-sectional survey data were collected via confidential telephone interviews (60% response rate). Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were based on 1,585 couples who provided information about past-12-month IPV, drinking contexts (number of times attended, proportion of drinking occasions when attended, average number of drinks), frequency of intoxication, and psychosocial and demographic factors. Drinking context-IPV associations for each partner were adjusted for the other partner's volume for that context and other covariates. RESULTS Male partner's volume per setting for bars and parks or public places was associated with the occurrence and frequency of male-to-female IPV and female-to-male IPV. Male's volume per setting for quiet evening at home was associated with the occurrence of female-to-male IPV; female partner's volume for this setting was associated with the frequency of male-to-female IPV and female-to-male IPV. CONCLUSIONS Among couples in the general population, each partner's drinking in certain contexts is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and frequency of partner aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Cunradi
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
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Abstract
To assess the validity of the research into alcohol-related outcome expectancies a systematic review of 80 articles published between 1970 and 2013 was conducted. Participant gender, age, and contextual influences are highlighted as possible causes of the observed variations in research findings. There is a need for fuller consideration of the influences of demographics and environmental and social contexts on research findings. It is recommended that alcohol intake measures should be standardized to a greater degree in future research. Contextual influences on expectancies also require extensive future investigation to increase the validity of research and improve alcohol-related interventions.
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Colell E, Sánchez-Niubò A, Domingo-Salvany A. Sex differences in the cumulative incidence of substance use by birth cohort. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2012. [PMID: 23200762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men present higher overall rates of substance use and abuse than women; yet, evidence suggests that an increase of substance use by the younger cohorts of women in recent decades is narrowing this gap in western societies. Moreover, younger cohorts may also be reporting earlier initiation of substance use, representing an increased risk for developing substance-related problems. With this study we intend to identify changes in the patterns of substance use of men and women in Spain for public health policy, planning and intervention. METHODS Sex differences in the cumulative incidence of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and cocaine were examined by birth cohort using a combined sample of individuals aged 15-64 years from eight editions of the Spanish National Survey on Drugs (1995-2009). RESULTS Initiation of substance use in Spain is progressively taking place at younger ages, particularly among women. The gender-gap of life-time occurrence of substance use is narrowing (cannabis and cocaine) almost closing (alcohol) and even reversing (tobacco) in the youngest cohort. CONCLUSION These results reflect the particular evolution and trends of Spanish society regarding substance use. Women's increased use of substances and the earlier age of initiation of substance use by both sexes present particular challenges for prevention and treatment of future substance-related problems. The trends registered for legal and illegal substances would require re-evaluation of existing prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Colell
- Drug Abuse Epidemiology Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
This study explores whether associations between consuming alcohol in bars and alcohol-related harms are consistent across countries and whether country-level characteristics modify associations. We hypothesized that genderedness of bar drinking modifies associations, such that odds of harms associated with bar drinking increase more rapidly in predominantly male bar-drinking countries. Multilevel analysis was used to analyze survey data from 21 countries representing five continents from Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS). Bar frequency was positively associated with harms overall. Relationships between bar frequency and harms varied across country. Genderedness modified associations between bar frequency and odds of fights, marriage/relationship harms, and work harms. Findings were significant only for men. Contrary to our hypothesis, odds of harms associated with bar drinking increased less rapidly in countries where bar drinking is predominantly male. This suggests predominantly male bar drinking cultures may be protective for males who more frequently drink in bars.
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Roberts SCM. Whether men or women are responsible for size of gender gap in alcohol consumption depends on alcohol measure: A study across U.S. states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:195. [PMID: 23248388 DOI: 10.1177/009145091203900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smaller gender differences in alcohol consumption are often interpreted to mean something about women's drinking, for example, that women are increasing consumption to men's levels. However, prior research is unclear. This study sought to determine whether variation in size of gender differences in alcohol consumption across U.S. states was due to male or female consumption. Data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to test the hypothesis that variation in size of gender differences would be associated with women's, but not men's consumption. Pearson's correlations examined associations between gender-specific values of and gender differences in consumption in each state. The size of gender difference was associated with proportion of female, but not male, drinkers. Conversely, size of gender difference was associated with male frequency, five-plus frequency, volume, and risky drinking, but not female frequency, five-plus frequency, volume, or risky drinking. These findings suggest that smaller gender differences in cross-sectional studies cannot be interpreted as due to women's alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C M Roberts
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA 94612
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Roberts SCM. Macro-level gender equality and alcohol consumption: a multi-level analysis across U.S. States. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75:60-8. [PMID: 22521679 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of women's alcohol consumption have long been attributed to increases in gender equality. However, only limited research examines the relationship between gender equality and alcohol consumption. This study examined associations between five measures of state-level gender equality and five alcohol consumption measures in the United States. Survey data regarding men's and women's alcohol consumption from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were linked to state-level indicators of gender equality. Gender equality indicators included state-level women's socioeconomic status, gender equality in socioeconomic status, reproductive rights, policies relating to violence against women, and women's political participation. Alcohol consumption measures included past 30-day drinker status, drinking frequency, binge drinking, volume, and risky drinking. Other than drinker status, consumption is measured for drinkers only. Multi-level linear and logistic regression models adjusted for individual demographics as well as state-level income inequality, median income, and % Evangelical Protestant/Mormon. All gender equality indicators were positively associated with both women's and men's drinker status in models adjusting only for individual-level covariates; associations were not significant in models adjusting for other state-level characteristics. All other associations between gender equality and alcohol consumption were either negative or non-significant for both women and men in models adjusting for other state-level factors. Findings do not support the hypothesis that higher levels of gender equality are associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption by women or by men. In fact, most significant findings suggest that higher levels of equality are associated with less alcohol consumption overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C M Roberts
- ANSIRH, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1330 Broadway Street, Suite 1100, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
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Impacto de la Ley 28/2005 de medidas sanitarias frente al tabaquismo en la prevalencia de la exposición al humo ambiental del tabaco en Barcelona. GACETA SANITARIA 2011; 25:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Keyes KM, Li G, Hasin DS. Birth cohort effects and gender differences in alcohol epidemiology: a review and synthesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:2101-12. [PMID: 21919918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has demonstrated substantial temporal trends, with some evidence suggesting strong birth cohort effects. The identification of at-risk birth cohorts can inform the interpretation of alcohol trends across age, time, and demographic characteristics such as gender. The present literature review has 2 objectives. First, we conduct a cross-national review of the literature on birth cohort differences in alcohol consumption, disorder, and mortality. Second, we determine the consistency of evidence for birth cohort effects on gender differences. METHODS A search was conducted and key data on population characteristics, presence and direction of cohort effects, and interactions with gender compiled. Thirty-one articles were included. RESULTS Evidence suggests that younger birth cohorts in North America, especially those born after World War II, are more likely than older cohorts to engage in heavy episodic drinking and develop alcohol disorders, but this cohort effect is not found in Australia and western Europe. Cross-nationally, substantial evidence indicates that women in younger cohorts are at especially high risk for heavy episodic drinking and alcohol disorders. DISCUSSION Younger birth cohorts in North America and Europe are engaging in more episodic and problem drinking. The gender gap in alcohol problems is narrowing in many countries, suggesting shifting social norms surrounding gender and alcohol consumption. These trends suggest that public health efforts to specifically target heavy drinking in women are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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Graham K, Bernards S, Knibbe R, Kairouz S, Kuntche S, Wilsnack SC, Greenfield TK, Dietze P, Obot I, Gmel G. Alcohol-related negative consequences among drinkers around the world. Addiction 2011; 106:1391-405. [PMID: 21395893 PMCID: PMC3682406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This paper examines (i) gender and country differences in negative consequences related to drinking; (ii) relative rates of different consequences; and (iii) country-level predictors of consequences. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Multi-level analyses used survey data from the Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) collaboration. MEASUREMENTS Measures included 17 negative consequences grouped into (i) high endorsement acute, (ii) personal and (iii) social. Country-level measures included average frequency and quantity of drinking, percentage who were current drinkers, gross domestic product (GDP) and Human Development Index (HDI). FINDINGS Overall, the three groupings of consequences were reported by 44%, 12% and 7% of men and by 31%, 6% and 3% of women, respectively. More men than women endorsed all consequences, but gender differences were greatest for consequences associated with chronic drinking and social consequences related to male roles. The highest prevalence of consequences was in Uganda and lowest in Uruguay. Personal and social consequences were more likely in countries with higher usual quantity, fewer current drinkers and lower scores on GDP and HDI. However, significant interactions with individual-level quantity indicated a stronger relationship between consequences and usual quantity among drinkers in countries with lower quantity, more current drinkers and higher scores on GDP and HDI. CONCLUSIONS Both gender and country need to be taken into consideration when assessing adverse drinking consequences. Individual measures of alcohol consumption and country-level variables are associated with experiencing such consequences. Additionally, country-level variables affect the strength of the relationship between usual quantity consumed by individuals and adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Graham
- Social and Epidemiological Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sharon Bernards
- Research Associate, Social and Epidemiological Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Knibbe
- Professor of Social Epidemiology of Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Health Promotion, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Kairouz
- Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Kuntche
- Addiction Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland; Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sharon C. Wilsnack
- Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | | | - Paul Dietze
- Associate Professor, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne Australia; Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne Australia
| | - Isidore Obot
- Department of Psychology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Addiction Info Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Roberts SCM. What can alcohol researchers learn from research about the relationship between macro-level gender equality and violence against women? Alcohol Alcohol 2011; 46:95-104. [PMID: 21239417 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review focuses on research about macro-level gender equality and violence against women (VAW) and identifies conceptually and theoretically driven hypotheses as well as lessons relevant for alcohol research. Hypotheses include: amelioration--increased equality decreases VAW; backlash--increased equality increases VAW; and convergence--increased equality reduces the gender gap; and hypotheses that distinguish between relative and absolute status, with relative status comparing men's and women's status and absolute status measuring women's status without regard to men. METHODS Systematic review of studies published through June 2009 identified through PubMed and Web of Science, as well as citing and cited articles. RESULTS A total of 30 studies are included. Of 85 findings examining amelioration/backlash, 25% support amelioration, 22% backlash; and 53% are null. Of 13 findings examining convergence, 31% support and 23% are inconsistent with convergence; 46% are null. CONCLUSION Neither the existence nor the direction of the equality and VAW relationship can be assumed. This suggests that the relationship between macro-level gender equality and alcohol should also not be assumed, but rather investigated through research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C M Roberts
- Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Ave, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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Greenfield TK, Nayak MB, Bond J, Patel V, Trocki K, Pillai A. Validating alcohol use measures among male drinkers in Goa: implications for research on alcohol, sexual risk, and HIV in India. AIDS Behav 2010; 14 Suppl 1:S84-93. [PMID: 20567894 PMCID: PMC2919569 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of heavy drinking patterns is vital for HIV/AIDs studies in India and developing countries. A population survey in northern Goa included urban and rural male drinkers (n = 743) who completed a new Fractional Graduated Frequencies (F-GF) alcohol patterns measure assessing seven beverage types and drink sizes for the largest daily amount, then drinking frequencies at fractional amounts. The new measure was compared to a simpler quantity-frequency (QF) summary and, in a validity subsample of hazardous drinkers (n = 56), 28-day diaries of drinking events. Approximately 56% of total volume came from peak drinking (averaging 60 g ethanol/day). For AUDIT-based Hazardous Drinkers, QF and F-GF volumes (drinks/day) were not significantly different from diary volume (correlations 0.65 and 0.57, respectively). F-GF well captured the profile of daily amounts in drinking event data. In addition, the F-GF showed evidence of better predicting any sexual risk behavior or partner violence perpetration than the QF measure. Summary drinking pattern measures, especially the new F-GF, are more cost efficient than intensive event records, and appear valid when carefully assessing quantities with local beverage types and drink ethanol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Ave, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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