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Polis B, Cuda CM, Putterman C. Animal models of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: deciphering the complexity and guiding therapeutic development. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2330387. [PMID: 38555866 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2330387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) poses formidable challenges due to its multifaceted etiology while impacting multiple tissues and organs and displaying diverse clinical manifestations. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to SLE complexity, with relatively limited approved therapeutic options. Murine models offer insights into SLE pathogenesis but do not always replicate the nuances of human disease. This review critically evaluates spontaneous and induced animal models, emphasizing their validity and relevance to neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). While these models undoubtedly contribute to understanding disease pathophysiology, discrepancies persist in mimicking some NPSLE intricacies. The lack of literature addressing this issue impedes therapeutic progress. We underscore the urgent need for refining models that truly reflect NPSLE complexities to enhance translational fidelity. We encourage a comprehensive, creative translational approach for targeted SLE interventions, balancing scientific progress with ethical considerations to eventually improve the management of NPSLE patients. A thorough grasp of these issues informs researchers in designing experiments, interpreting results, and exploring alternatives to advance NPSLE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Tunagur MT, Aksu H, Tileklioğlu E, Ertabaklar H. The impact of Toxocara-seropositivity on attention and motor skills in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Early Hum Dev 2024; 193:106017. [PMID: 38663140 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to compare neurological soft signs and executive functions between Toxocara-seropositive and seronegative groups in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. METHODS The study included 60 boys with ADHD, aged 7-12. After blood samples were taken, the Stroop Color Word Test and Judgment of Line Orientation test (JLOT) were implemented to measure executive functions. Neurological soft signs were evaluated with Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS). RESULTS Serological tests were positive for Toxocara antibodies in 20 cases. There was no significant difference between Toxocara seropositive and seronegative regarding age, socioeconomic status, developmental stages, and ADHD severity. However, Toxocara-seropositive children had higher Stroop time and Stroop interference scores and lower JLOT scores than Toxocara-seronegative children. Furthermore, Toxocara-seropositive children exhibited more neurological soft signs, such as gait and station abnormalities, dysrhythmia, and a longer total time in timed movements compared to Toxocara-seronegative children. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a link between Toxocara-seropositivity and impaired neurological soft signs and executive functions in ADHD. Further research is needed to understand ADHD mechanisms, develop practical treatments considering immunological factors, and thoroughly evaluate how Toxocara seropositivity affects executive functions and motor skills in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tolga Tunagur
- Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya, Turkiye.
| | - Hatice Aksu
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Evren Tileklioğlu
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Department of Parasitology, Aydın, Turkiye
| | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Department of Parasitology, Aydın, Turkiye
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Reynolds J, Huang M, Li Y, Meineck M, Moeckel T, Weinmann-Menke J, Mohan C, Schwarting A, Putterman C. Constitutive knockout of interleukin-6 ameliorates memory deficits and entorhinal astrocytosis in the MRL/lpr mouse model of neuropsychiatric lupus. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:89. [PMID: 38600510 PMCID: PMC11007930 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) describes the cognitive, memory, and affective emotional burdens faced by many lupus patients. While NPSLE's pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, clinical imaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, namely elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, point to ongoing neuroinflammation in affected patients. Not only linked to systemic autoimmunity, IL-6 can also activate neurotoxic glial cells the brain. A prior pre-clinical study demonstrated that IL-6 can acutely induce a loss of sucrose preference; the present study sought to assess the necessity of chronic IL-6 exposure in the NPSLE-like disease of MRL/lpr lupus mice. METHODS We quantified 1308 proteins in individual serum or pooled CSF samples from MRL/lpr and control MRL/mpj mice using protein microarrays. Serum IL-6 levels were plotted against characteristic NPSLE neurobehavioral deficits. Next, IL-6 knockout MRL/lpr (IL-6 KO; n = 15) and IL-6 wildtype MRL/lpr mice (IL-6 WT; n = 15) underwent behavioral testing, focusing on murine correlates of learning and memory deficits, depression, and anxiety. Using qPCR, we quantified the expression of inflammatory genes in the cortex and hippocampus of MRL/lpr IL-6 KO and WT mice. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to quantify numbers of microglia (Iba1 +) and astrocytes (GFAP +) in multiple cortical regions, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. RESULTS MRL/lpr CSF analyses revealed increases in IL-17, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 (a priori p-value < 0.1). Serum levels of IL-6 correlated with learning and memory performance (R2 = 0.58; p = 0.03), but not motivated behavior, in MRL/lpr mice. Compared to MRL/lpr IL-6 WT, IL-6 KO mice exhibited improved novelty preference on object placement (45.4% vs 60.2%, p < 0.0001) and object recognition (48.9% vs 67.9%, p = 0.002) but equivalent performance in tests for anxiety-like disease and depression-like behavior. IL-6 KO mice displayed decreased cortical expression of aif1 (microglia; p = 0.049) and gfap (astrocytes; p = 0.044). Correspondingly, IL-6 KO mice exhibited decreased density of GFAP + cells compared to IL-6 WT in the entorhinal cortex (89 vs 148 cells/mm2, p = 0.037), an area vital to memory. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory composition of MRL/lpr CSF resembles that of human NPSLE patients. Increased in the CNS, IL-6 is necessary to the development of learning and memory deficits in the MRL/lpr model of NPSLE. Furthermore, the stimulation of entorhinal astrocytosis appears to be a key mechanism by which IL-6 promotes these behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Reynolds
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Huang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Myriam Meineck
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tamara Moeckel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schwarting
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel.
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Furment MM, Perl A. Immmunometabolism of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109939. [PMID: 38382658 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal chronic autoimmune disease which is underlain by complex dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although a series of well-defined genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in disease etiology, neither the development nor the persistence of SLE is well understood. Given that several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors interact and influence inflammatory lineage specification through metabolism, the field of immunometabolism has become a forefront of cutting edge research. Along these lines, metabolic checkpoints of pathogenesis have been identified as targets of effective therapeutic interventions in mouse models and validated in clinical trials. Ongoing studies focus on mitochondrial oxidative stress, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin, calcium signaling, glucose utilization, tryptophan degradation, and metabolic cross-talk between gut microbiota and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Marte Furment
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America
| | - Andras Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America; Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States of America.
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Nikolopoulos D, Nakos-Bimpos M, Manolakou T, Polissidis A, Boumpas DT. Impaired serotonin synthesis in hippocampus of murine lupus represents an early neuropsychiatric event. Lupus 2024; 33:166-171. [PMID: 38073556 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231221651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying hippocampal involvement in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), our understanding of how neuroinflammation affects the brain neurotransmitter systems is limited. To date, few studies have investigated the role of neurotransmitters in pathogenesis of NPSLE with contradictory results. METHODS Hippocampal tissue from NZB/W-F1 lupus-prone mice and age-matched control strains were dissected in both pre-nephritic (3-month-old) and nephritic (6-month-old) stages. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the level of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and their metabolites 5-HIAA and DOPAC, respectively, in mouse hippocampi. RESULTS Lupus mice exhibit decreased levels of serotonin at the early stages of the disease, along with intact levels of its metabolite 5-HIAA. The 5-HT turnover ratio (5-HIAA/5-HT ratio) was increased in the hippocampus of lupus mice at pre-nephritic stage suggesting that low hippocampal serotonin levels in lupus are attributed to decreased serotonin synthesis. Both DA and DOPAC levels remained unaffected in lupus hippocampus at both early and late stages. CONCLUSION Impaired hippocampal serotonin synthesis in the hippocampus of lupus-prone mice represents an early neuropsychiatric event. These findings may have important implications for the use of symptomatic therapy in diffuse NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysis Nikolopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Modestos Nakos-Bimpos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Manolakou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexia Polissidis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Reynolds JA, Li Y, Herlitz L, Mohan C, Putterman C. Novel biomarker discovery through comprehensive proteomic analysis of lupus mouse serum. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103134. [PMID: 37944214 PMCID: PMC10957328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The difficulty of monitoring organ-specific pathology in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often complicates disease prognostication and treatment. Improved non-invasive biomarkers of active organ pathology, particularly lupus nephritis, would improve patient care. We sought to validate and apply a novel strategy to generate the first comprehensive serum proteome of a lupus mouse model and identify mechanism-linked lupus biomarker candidates for subsequent clinical investigation. METHODS Serum levels of 1308 diverse proteins were measured in eight adult female MRL/lpr lupus mice and eight control MRL/mpj mice. ELISA validation confirmed fold increases. Protein enrichment analysis provided biological relevance to findings. Individual protein levels were correlated with measures of lymphoproliferative, humoral, and renal disease. RESULTS Four hundred and six proteins were increased in MRL/lpr serum, including proteins increased in human SLE such as VCAM-1, L-selectin, TNFRI/II, TWEAK, CXCL13, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-10, and TARC. Newly validated proteins included IL-6, IL-17, and MDC. Results of pathway enrichment analysis, which revealed enhancement of cytokine signaling and immune cell migration, reinforced the similarity of the MRL/lpr disease to human pathology. Fifty-two proteins positively correlated with at least one measure of lupus-like disease. TECK, TSLP, PDGFR-alpha, and MDC were identified as novel candidate biomarkers of renal disease. CONCLUSIONS We successfully validated a novel serum proteomic screening strategy in a spontaneous murine lupus model that highlighted potential new biomarkers. Importantly, we generated a comprehensive snapshot of the serum proteome which will enable identification of other candidates and serve as a reference for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Reynolds
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine: 1300 Morris Park Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- University of Houston: 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Cleveland Clinic: 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- University of Houston: 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine: 1300 Morris Park Ave, New York, NY, USA; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine of Bar-Ilan University: 8 Henrietta Szold St, Zefat, Israel.
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Nagata W, Koizumi A, Nakagawa K, Takahashi S, Gotoh M, Satoh Y, Ishizuka T. Treatment with lysophosphatidic acid prevents microglial activation and depression-like behaviours in a murine model of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:81-92. [PMID: 36718978 PMCID: PMC10128163 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is an incurable disease characterised by neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly depression. Novel therapeutic options for NPSLE are urgently needed. Several previous reports have suggested that both microglial activation and impaired neurogenesis may be involved in the progression of depression. In contrast, the administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ameliorates depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the present study, we determined whether treatment with LPA affects microglial activation, impaired neurogenesis, and abnormal behaviour in MRL/lpr mice. In both tail suspension test and forced swim test, the MRL/lpr mice exhibited a significant increase in total immobility time compared with MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA significantly suppressed the prolonged immobility time in MRL/lpr mice. In contrast, pretreatment with ki16425 (a specific antagonist of LPA receptor 1 and 3) significantly reversed the effects of LPA. Furthermore, MRL/lpr mice exhibited impairments in spatial working memory and visual cognitive memory, which were suppressed by LPA treatment. The expression levels of TMEM119, CD68, GFAP, and caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of MRL/lpr mice were significantly higher than those in MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA inhibited these increases in MRL/lpr mice. Pretreatment with ki16425 reversed LPA-mediated inhibition of microglial activation. The quantity of sodium fluorescein that leaked into the brain tissues in MRL/lpr mice were significantly higher than that in MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA tended to decrease the sodium fluorescein leakage. These findings suggest that treatment with LPA may regulate microglial activation, which is important in the pathogenesis of NPSLE, as well as blood-brain-barrier weakening and abnormal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiho Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Li X, Xu S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Han H, Li X, Wang Y. Treatment with 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Delays Choroid Plexus Infiltration and BCSFB Injury in MRL/lpr Mice Coinciding with Activation of the PPARγ/NF-κB/TNF-α Pathway and Suppression of TGF-β/Smad Signaling. Inflammation 2023; 46:556-572. [PMID: 36269513 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involving the nervous system with high morbidity and mortality. A key hypothesis in NPSLE is that a disrupted barrier allows autoantibodies and immune components of peripheral blood to penetrate into the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in inflammation and damage. The blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which consists of the choroid plexus and the hypothalamic tanycytes, has long been regarded as an immunological sanctuary site. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] is the active form of vitamin D, which plays multiple roles in inflammation and immunoregulation. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 against BCSFB dysfunction in NPSLE in MRL/lpr mice and explored the mechanism by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the progression of NPSLE. In this study, we found that supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 markedly improved serological and immunological indices, delayed inflammatory infiltration, delayed neuronal deformation, and upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins in the brain. Furthermore, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 downregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and it reduced the expression of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 delayed cell infiltration into the choroid plexus and decreased markers suggestive of cognitive decline in MRL/lpr mice, and the mechanism may be related to protection against BCSFB disruption through activation of the anti-inflammatory PPARγ/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway as well as upregulation of BDNF and inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. These findings provide a novel direction for the study of NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangli Xu
- Department of Neurology II, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingzhe Zhao
- Department of Neurology II, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huirong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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McNaughton KA, Williamson LL. Effects of sex and pro-inflammatory cytokines on context discrimination memory. Behav Brain Res 2023; 442:114320. [PMID: 36720350 PMCID: PMC9930642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In learning and memory tasks, immune overactivation is associated with impaired performance, while normal immune activation is associated with optimal performance. In one specific domain of memory, context discrimination memory, peripheral immune stimulation has been shown to impair performance on the context-object discrimination memory task in male rats. In order to evaluate potential sex differences in this task, as well as potential mechanisms for the memory impairment, we evaluated the ability of peripheral immune stimulation to impair task performance in both males and females. Next, we examined whether treatment with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), a receptor antagonist for the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β, was able to rescue the memory deficit. We examined microglial morphology in the hippocampus and cytokine mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus and the periphery. Male rats displayed memory impairment in response to LPS, and this impairment was not rescued by IL-1ra. Female rats did not have significant memory impairments and IL-1ra administration improved memory following inflammation. A subset of cytokines and chemokines were increased only in LPS-treated males. Inflammation alone did not alter microglia morphology, but IL-1ra did in certain sub-regions of the hippocampus. Together, these results indicate that sex differences exist in the ability of a peripheral immune stimulus to influence context discrimination memory and specific cytokine signals may be altered in impaired males. This study highlights the importance of sex differences in response to inflammatory challenges, especially related to memory impairments in context discrimination memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A McNaughton
- University of Maryland (UMD), 0112 Biology-Psychology Building, Department of Psychology, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Lauren L Williamson
- Northern Kentucky University, 100 Nunn Dr, FH 359F, Highland Heights, KY 41099, United States.
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Yun Y, Wang X, Xu J, Jin C, Chen J, Wang X, Wang J, Qin L, Yang P. Pristane induced lupus mice as a model for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:3. [PMID: 36765366 PMCID: PMC9921421 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model is a useful tool for studying environmental-related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, neuropsychiatric manifestations in this model have not been investigated in detail. Because neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is an important complication of SLE, we investigated the neuropsychiatric symptoms in the PIL mouse model to evaluate its suitability for NPSLE studies. RESULTS PIL mice showed olfactory dysfunction accompanied by an anxiety- and depression-like phenotype at month 2 or 4 after pristane injection. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) and chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL10) in the brain and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability increased significantly from week 2 or month 1, and persisted throughout the observed course of the disease. Notably, IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall were observed at month 1 and both astrocytes and microglia were activated. Persistent activation of astrocytes was detected throughout the observed course of the disease, while microglial activation diminished dramatically at month 4. Lipofuscin deposition, a sign of neuronal damage, was detected in cortical and hippocampal neurons from month 4 to 8. CONCLUSION PIL mice exhibit a series of characteristic behavioral deficits and pathological changes in the brain, and therefore might be suitable for investigating disease pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutic targets for environmental-related NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenye Jin
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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11
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Qiao X, Lu L, Zhou K, Tan L, Liu X, Ni J, Hou Y, Liang J, Dou H. The correlation between proteoglycan 2 and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109042. [PMID: 35568106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proposed pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) mainly includes ischemia and neuroinflammation mechanisms. Protein encoded by Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2) mRNA is involved in the immune process related to eosinophils, also being found in the placenta and peripheral blood of pregnant women. We evaluated the correlation between PRG2 and NPSLE for the first time and found that PRG2 protein is overexpressed in the serum of patients with NPSLE and correlated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) subset scores of psychosis. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between hippocampal PRG2 level and hippocampally dependent learning and memory ability in MRL/lpr mice, and discovered that the number of PRG2+GFAP+ astrocytes in the cortex and hypothalamus and the number of PRG2+IBA-1+ microglia in the hippocampus and cortex significantly increased in the MRL/lpr mice. These data provided a reference for the follow-up exploration of the role of PRG2 in SLE or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kangxing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liping Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiali Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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12
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Parperis K, Kyriakou A, Voskarides K, Chatzittofis A. Suicidal behavior in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus: systematic literature review and genetic linkage disequilibrium analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 54:151997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.151997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Qiao X, Wang H, Lu L, Chen J, Cheng Q, Guo M, Hou Y, Dou H. Hippocampal microglia CD40 mediates NPSLE cognitive dysfunction in mice. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577620. [PMID: 34062352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the most serious and complicated clinical manifestation of lupus erythematosus. Cognitive dysfunction is the most common symptom of NPSLE. A variety of potential mechanisms or mediators related to the pathogenesis of NPSLE cognitive dysfunction have been proposed. However, the involvement of microglia CD40 has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate whether hippocampal microglia CD40 of MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) mice was involved in NPSLE cognitive dysfunction. This study found, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, that hippocampal CD40 was aberrantly overexpressed in the MRL/lpr lupus mice. It also determined using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence that the aberrantly overexpressed CD40 was mainly derived from hippocampal microglia. The adeno-associated virus was used to inhibit microglia CD40 expression, and the brain damage and cognitive dysfunction of MRL/lpr mice improved. Also, imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus mice had the same NPSLE cognitive dysfunction, brain damage, and overexpressed hippocampal microglia CD40 as MRL/lpr mice. Therefore, IMQ-induced lupus mouse was proposed as one of the mouse models for studying NPSLE cognitive dysfunction for the first time in this study. The findings indicated that hippocampal microglia CD40 was involved in the development of NPSLE cognitive dysfunction, thus providing a novel research direction for the study of the pathogenesis of NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinglei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qinpei Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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14
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Karnopp TE, Chapacais GF, Freitas EC, Monticielo OA. Lupus animal models and neuropsychiatric implications. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:2535-2545. [PMID: 33155159 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that involves neurological complications is known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Research in humans is difficult due to the disease's great heterogeneity. Animal models are a resource for new discoveries. In this review, we examine experimental models of lupus that present neuropsychiatric manifestations. Spontaneous animal models such as NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr are commonly used in NPSLE research; these models present few SLE symptoms compared to induced animal models, such as pristane-induced lupus (PIL). The PIL model is known to present eight of the main clinical and laboratory manifestations of SLE described by the American College of Rheumatology. Many cytokines associated with NPSLE are expressed in the PIL model, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN. However, to date, NPSLE manifestations have been poorly studied in the PIL model. In this review article, we discuss whether the PIL model can mimic neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE. Key Points • PIL model have a strong interferon signature. • Animals with PIL express learning and memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Evelyn Karnopp
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Flores Chapacais
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Curso de Graduação em Biomedicina, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Correa Freitas
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Odirlei André Monticielo
- Laboratório de Doenças Autoimunes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Blossom SJ, Melnyk SB, Simmen FA. Complex epigenetic patterns in cerebellum generated after developmental exposure to trichloroethylene and/or high fat diet in autoimmune-prone mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:583-594. [PMID: 31894794 PMCID: PMC7350281 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an environmental contaminant associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders and neurotoxicity. Based on known negative effects of developmental overnutrition on neurodevelopment, we hypothesized that developmental exposure to high fat diet (HFD) consisting of 40% kcal fat would enhance neurotoxicity of low-level (6 μg per kg per day) TCE exposure in offspring over either stressor alone. Male offspring were evaluated at ∼6 weeks of age after exposure beginning 4 weeks preconception in the dams until weaning. TCE, whether used as a single exposure or together with HFD, appeared to be more robust than HFD alone in altering one-carbon metabolites involved in glutathione redox homeostasis and methylation capacity. In contrast, opposing effects of expression of key enzymes related to DNA methylation related to HFD and TCE exposure were observed. The mice generated unique patterns of anti-brain antibodies detected by western blotting attributable to both TCE and HFD. Taken together, developmental exposure to TCE and/or HFD appear to act in complex ways to alter brain biomarkers in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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16
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Schwartz N, Stock AD, Putterman C. Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:137-152. [PMID: 30659245 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently show symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). The CNS manifestations of SLE are diverse and have a broad spectrum of severity and prognostic implications. Patients with NPSLE typically present with nonspecific symptoms, such as headache and cognitive impairment, but might also experience devastating features, such as memory loss, seizures and stroke. Some features of NPSLE, in particular those related to coagulopathy, have been characterized and an evidence-based treatment algorithm is available. The cognitive and affective manifestations of NPSLE, however, remain poorly understood. Various immune effectors have been evaluated as contributors to its pathogenesis, including brain-reactive autoantibodies, cytokines and cell-mediated inflammation. Additional brain-intrinsic elements (such as resident microglia, the blood-brain barrier and other neurovascular interfaces) are important facilitators of NPSLE. As yet, however, no unifying model has been found to underlie the pathogenesis of NPSLE, suggesting that this disease has multiple contributors and perhaps several distinct aetiologies. This heterogeneity presents a challenge for clinicians who have traditionally relied on empirical judgement in choosing treatment modalities for patients with NPSLE. Improved understanding of this manifestation of SLE might yield further options for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Schwartz
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel D Stock
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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17
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Zeng J, Meng X, Zhou P, Yin Z, Xie Q, Zou H, Shen N, Ye Z, Tang Y. Interferon-α exacerbates neuropsychiatric phenotypes in lupus-prone mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:205. [PMID: 31481114 PMCID: PMC6724270 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythaematosus (NP-SLE) is one of the major manifestations of lupus. However, the mechanisms involved in NP-SLE are still largely unknown. The abnormal activation of the type I IFN signalling pathway is involved in SLE pathogenesis and is linked to NP-SLE, but the effect of IFN-α on NP-SLE encephalopathy has not been systematically studied. Methods An intravenous injection of Adv-IFN-α (10 mice, 10 × 109 vp) was administered to the IFN-α-treated group, and Adv-ctrl (10 mice, 10 × 109 vp) (ViGene Biosciences, China) was administered to the control group. Gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies in the serum, and urinary protein levels were measured with a BCA Protein Assay kit. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-light green staining were used for kidney histology. The elevated plus-maze test, novelty-suppressed feeding assay, open-field test, tail suspension test, social dominance tube test, three-chamber social interaction test, step-down passive avoidance test and novelty Y-maze task were used to assess behaviour. Results In this study, we performed a series of behavioural tests to assess the neuropsychiatric phenotypes of IFN-α-treated NZB/NZW F1 mice and found that these mice developed a series of mental disorders such as anxiety-like phenotypes, depression-like phenotypes, deficits in sociability and cognitive impairments, which mimic the neuropsychiatric manifestations of NP-SLE, with a consistent onset and progression. Conclusions Our research verified that IFN-α plays a critical role in NP-SLE and provides a comprehensive NP-SLE mouse model for dissecting the mechanisms of NP-SLE and developing novel therapies for intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1985-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan Dong Road (c), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan Dong Road (c), Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan Dong Road (c), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 22 Nong Lin Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan Dong Road (c), Shanghai, China. .,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 22 Nong Lin Road, Shenzhen, China. .,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, 2200 Lane 25 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 22 Nong Lin Road, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan Dong Road (c), Shanghai, China. .,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 22 Nong Lin Road, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Kello N, Anderson E, Diamond B. Cognitive Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case for Initiating Trials. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1413-1425. [PMID: 31102496 DOI: 10.1002/art.40933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is an insidious and underdiagnosed manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has a considerable impact on quality of life, which can be devastating. Given the inconsistencies in the modes of assessment and the difficulties in attribution to SLE, the reported prevalence of CD ranges from 5% to 80%. Although clinical studies of SLE-related CD have been hampered by heterogeneous subject populations and a lack of sensitive and standardized cognitive tests or other validated objective biomarkers for CD, there are, nonetheless, strong data from mouse models and from the clinical arena that show CD is related to known disease mechanisms. Several cytokines, inflammatory molecules, and antibodies have been associated with CD. Proposed mechanisms for antibody- and cytokine-mediated neuronal injury include the abrogation of blood-brain barrier integrity with direct access of soluble molecules in the circulation to the brain and ensuing neurotoxicity and microglial activation. No treatments for SLE-mediated CD exist, but potential candidates include agents that inhibit microglial activation, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or that protect blood-brain barrier integrity, such as C5a receptor blockers. Structural and functional neuroimaging data have shown a range of regional abnormalities in metabolism and white matter microstructural integrity in SLE patients that correlate with CD and could in the future become diagnostic tools and outcome measures in clinical trials aimed at preserving cognitive function in SLE.
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19
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Srikumar BN, Naidu PS, Kalidindi N, Paschapur M, Adepu B, Subramani S, Nagar J, Srivastava R, Sreedhara MV, Prasad DS, Das ML, Louis JV, Kuchibhotla VK, Dudhgaonkar S, Pieschl RL, Li YW, Bristow LJ, Ramarao M, Vikramadithyan RK. Diminished responses to monoaminergic antidepressants but not ketamine in a mouse model for neuropsychiatric lupus. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:25-36. [PMID: 30484737 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of patients suffering from major depression fail to remit following treatment and develop treatment-resistant depression. Developing novel treatments requires animal models with good predictive validity. MRL/lpr mice, an established model of systemic lupus erythematosus, show depression-like behavior. AIMS We evaluated responses to classical antidepressants, and associated immunological and biochemical changes in MRL/lpr mice. METHODS AND RESULTS MRL/lpr mice showed increased immobility in the forced swim test, decreased wheel running and sucrose preference when compared with the controls, MRL/MpJ mice. In MRL/lpr mice, acute fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)), imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or duloxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not decrease the immobility time in the Forced Swim Test. Interestingly, acute administration of combinations of olanzapine (0.03 mg/kg, subcutaneously)+fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or bupropion (10 mg/kg, i.p.)+fluoxetine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) retained efficacy. A single dose of ketamine but not three weeks of imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or escitalopram (5 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in MRL/lpr mice restored sucrose preference. Further, we evaluated inflammatory, immune-mediated and neuronal mechanisms. In MRL/lpr mice, there was an increase in autoantibodies' titers, [3H]PK11195 binding and immune complex deposition. There was a significant infiltration of the brain by macrophages, neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. p11 mRNA expression was decreased in the prefrontal cortex. Further, there was an increase in the 5-HT2aR expression, plasma corticosterone and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. CONCLUSION In summary, the MRL/lpr mice could be a useful model for Treatment Resistant Depression associated with immune dysfunction with potential to expedite antidepressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettadapura N Srikumar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Pattipati S Naidu
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Mahesh Paschapur
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Bharath Adepu
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Siva Subramani
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Ratika Srivastava
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Muppana V Sreedhara
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Durga Shiva Prasad
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Manish Lal Das
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Justin V Louis
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Vijaya K Kuchibhotla
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Shailesh Dudhgaonkar
- 1 Disease Sciences and Technology, Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Rick L Pieschl
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Linda J Bristow
- 2 Neuroscience Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
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20
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Kong X, Zhang Z, Fu T, Ji J, Yang J, Gu Z. TNF-α regulates microglial activation via the NF-κB signaling pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus with depression. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:892-900. [PMID: 30572037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The animal model of MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice (MRL/lpr; lupus-prone mice) showed depression-like behaviors based on tail suspension, sucrose preference, and open field tests. Brain microglia were significantly activated with obvious increases in proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that TNF-α activated microglia by upregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines. PDTC, a specific NF-κB inhibitor, effectively reduced TNF-α-mediated inflammatory signaling in microglia. These results suggest that TNF-α-induced microglial activation has a major role in neuroinflammation of SLE with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sthoeger Z, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Asher I, Mozes E. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus: Down-regulation by the tolerogeneic peptide hCDR1. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:34-39. [PMID: 30170030 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
וֹndoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a role in immune regulation. Increased IDO activity was reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the effects of the tolerogenic peptide hCDR1, shown to ameliorate lupus manifestations, on IDO gene expression. mRNA was prepared from splenocytes of hCDR1- treated SLE-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 mice, from blood samples of lupus patients, collected before and after their in vivo treatment with hCDR1 and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients incubated with hCDR1. IDO gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. hCDR1 significantly down-regulated IDO expression in SLE-affected mice and in lupus patients (treated in vivo and in vitro). No effects were observed in healthy donors or following treatment with a control peptide. Diminished IDO gene expression was associated with hCDR1 beneficial effects. Our results suggest that the hCDR1-induced FOXP3 expressing regulatory T cells in lupus are not driven by IDO but rather by other hCDR1 regulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev Sthoeger
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Asher
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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22
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Figueiredo-Braga M, Cornaby C, Cortez A, Bernardes M, Terroso G, Figueiredo M, Mesquita CDS, Costa L, Poole BD. Depression and anxiety in systemic lupus erythematosus: The crosstalk between immunological, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11376. [PMID: 29995777 PMCID: PMC6076116 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety cause severe loss of quality of life for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The causes and factors that contribute to these psychological manifestations in lupus are difficult to disentangle. This study compared clinical, psychological, and demographic factors between lupus patients, depressed patients, and rheumatoid arthritis patients to discover lupus-specific contributors to depression. Lupus-specific manifestations of depression were also investigated.Physiological, clinical, and psychosocial data were collected from 77 patients. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were used to compare the patient populations and identify correlations between key physical and psychological indicators.The prevalence of depression in the SLE cohort was 6 times greater than the healthy control subjects. Pain, IL-6, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index values were all significantly higher in SLE patients compared with the healthy control group (P < .001, P = .038, and P = .005, respectively). Anxiety levels were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy and RA control patients (P = .020 and .011, respectively). Serum IL-10 concentrations, relationship assessment scale, and fatigue severity scale values were found to be correlated with depression among the SLE patients (P = .036, P = .007, and P = .001, respectively). Relationship assessment and fatigue severity scale scores were found to be the best indicators of depression for the SLE patients (P = .042 and .028, respectively).Fatigue Severity, relationship satisfaction, and IL-10 concentrations are indicators of depression in lupus patients. Despite also suffering from the pain and disability that accompanies chronic autoimmune disease, the rheumatoid arthritis patients had less anxiety and better relationship scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
- I3S Center for Investigation and Innovation in Health
| | - Caleb Cornaby
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Alice Cortez
- Nobre Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto
| | | | | | - Marta Figueiredo
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | | | - Lúcia Costa
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital of São João EPE, Porto
| | - Brian D. Poole
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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23
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Bo L, Guojun T, Li G. An Expanded Neuroimmunomodulation Axis: sCD83-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Kynurenine Pathway and Updates of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurologic Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1363. [PMID: 29963055 PMCID: PMC6013554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurologic diseases are related to autoimmune dysfunction and a variety of molecules or reaction pathways are involved in the regulation of immune function of the nervous system. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) is the soluble form of CD83, a specific marker of mature dendritic cell, which has recently been shown to have an immunomodulatory effect. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; corresponding enzyme intrahepatic, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, TDO), a rate-limiting enzyme of extrahepatic tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP) participates in the immunoregulation through a variety of mechanisms solely or with the synergy of sCD83, and the imbalances of metabolites of KP were associated with immune dysfunction. With the complement of sCD83 to IDO-KP, a previously known immunomodulatory axis, this review focused on an expanded neuroimmunomodulation axis: sCD83-IDO-KP and its involvement in nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tan Guojun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Abstract
The link between systemic autoimmunity, brain pathology, and aberrant behavior is still a largely unexplored field of biomedical science. Accumulating evidence points to causal relationships between immune factors, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. By documenting autoimmunity-associated neuronal degeneration and cytotoxicity of the cerebrospinal fluid from disease-affected subjects, the murine MRL model had shown high validity in revealing principal pathogenic circuits. In addition, unlike any other autoimmune strain, MRL mice produce antibodies commonly found in patients suffering from lupus and other autoimmune disorders. This review highlights importance of the MRL model as a useful preparation in understanding the links between immune system and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Šakić
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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25
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López-Granero C, Antunes Dos Santos A, Ferrer B, Culbreth M, Chakraborty S, Barrasa A, Gulinello M, Bowman AB, Aschner M. BXD recombinant inbred strains participate in social preference, anxiety and depression behaviors along sex-differences in cytokines and tactile allodynia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:92-98. [PMID: 28324704 PMCID: PMC5985819 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders, representing a major public health concern. Dysregulation of oxidative and inflammatory systems may be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Due to the need to find appropriate animal models to the understanding of such disorders, we queried whether 2 BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mice strains (BXD21/TyJ RI and BXD84/RwwJ RI mice) and C57BL/6 wild-type mice show differential performance in depression and anxiety related behaviors and biomarkers. Specifically, we assessed social preference, elevated plus maze, forced swim, and Von Frey tests at 3-4 months-of-age, as well as activation of cytokines and antioxidant mRNA levels in the cortex at 7 months-of-age. We report that (1) the BXD84/RwwJ RI strain exhibits anxiety disorder and social avoidance-like behavior (2) BXD21/TyJ RI strain shows a resistance to depression illness, and (3) sex-dependent cytokine profiles and allodynia with elevated inflammatory activity were inherent to male BXD21/TyJ RI mice. In conclusion, we provide novel data in favor of the use of BXD recombinant inbred mice to further understand anxiety and depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Megan Culbreth
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angel Barrasa
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University (VU), and VU Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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26
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Eskelund A, Li Y, Budac DP, Müller HK, Gulinello M, Sanchez C, Wegener G. Drugs with antidepressant properties affect tryptophan metabolites differently in rodent models with depression-like behavior. J Neurochem 2017; 142:118-131. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- Lundbeck Research US; Paramus New Jersey USA
| | | | | | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility; Department of Neuroscience; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York USA
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit; Risskov Denmark
- Lundbeck Research US; Paramus New Jersey USA
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27
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Strasser B, Becker K, Fuchs D, Gostner JM. Kynurenine pathway metabolism and immune activation: Peripheral measurements in psychiatric and co-morbid conditions. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:286-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Metabolic Profiling of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Comparison with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Systemic Sclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159384. [PMID: 27441838 PMCID: PMC4956266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which can affect most organ systems including skin, joints and the kidney. Clinically, SLE is a heterogeneous disease and shares features of several other rheumatic diseases, in particular primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), why it is difficult to diagnose The pathogenesis of SLE is not completely understood, partly due to the heterogeneity of the disease. This study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used as a tool for improved diagnosis of SLE compared to other similar autoimmune diseases. We observed differences in metabolic profiles with a classification specificity above 67% in the comparison of SLE with pSS, SSc and a matched group of healthy individuals. Selected metabolites were also significantly different between studied diseases. Biochemical pathway analysis was conducted to gain understanding of underlying pathways involved in the SLE pathogenesis. We found an increased oxidative activity in SLE, supported by increased xanthine oxidase activity and an increased turnover in the urea cycle. The most discriminatory metabolite observed was tryptophan, with decreased levels in SLE patients compared to control groups. Changes of tryptophan levels were related to changes in the activity of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and/or to activation of the kynurenine pathway.
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29
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Wen J, Doerner J, Chalmers S, Stock A, Wang H, Gullinello M, Shlomchik MJ, Putterman C. B cell and/or autoantibody deficiency do not prevent neuropsychiatric disease in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:73. [PMID: 27055816 PMCID: PMC4823887 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) can be one of the earliest clinical manifestations in human lupus. However, its mechanisms are not fully understood. In lupus, a compromised blood-brain barrier may allow for the passage of circulating autoantibodies into the brain, where they can induce neuropsychiatric abnormalities including depression-like behavior and cognitive abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of B cells and/or autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of murine NPSLE. Methods We evaluated neuropsychiatric manifestations, brain pathology, and cytokine expression in constitutively (JhD/MRL/lpr) and conditionally (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr, inducible by tamoxifen) B cell-depleted mice as compared to MRL/lpr lupus mice. Results We found that autoantibody levels were negligible (JhD/MRL/lpr) or significantly reduced (hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Nevertheless, both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice showed profound depression-like behavior, which was no different from MRL/lpr mice. Cognitive deficits were also observed in both JhD/MRL/lpr and hCD20-DTA/MRL/lpr mice, similar to those exhibited by MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, although some differences were dependent on the timing of depletion, central features of NPSLE in the MRL/lpr strain including increased blood-brain barrier permeability, brain cell apoptosis, and upregulated cytokine expression persisted in B cell-deficient and B cell-depleted mice. Conclusions Our study surprisingly found that B cells and/or autoantibodies are not required for key features of neuropsychiatric disease in murine NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Doerner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Gullinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, F701N, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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30
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Dantzer R. Role of the Kynurenine Metabolism Pathway in Inflammation-Induced Depression: Preclinical Approaches. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 31:117-138. [PMID: 27225497 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Physically ill patients with chronic inflammation often present with symptoms of depression. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated depression has benefited from preclinical studies on the mechanisms of sickness and clinical studies on the symptoms of sickness and depression that develop in patients treated with immunotherapy. Sickness behavior develops when the immune system is activated by pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns. It is a normal biological response to infection and cell injury. It helps the organism to mobilize its immune and metabolic defenses to fight the danger. Depression emerges on the background of sickness when the inflammatory response is too intense and long lasting or the resolution process is deficient. The transition from sickness to depression is mediated by activation of the kynurenine metabolism pathway that leads to the formation of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites including quinolinic acid, an agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The neuroimmune processes and molecular factors that have been identified in the studies of inflammation-associated depression represent potential new targets for the development of innovative therapies for the treatment of major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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31
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Waller JA, Chen F, Sánchez C. Vortioxetine promotes maturation of dendritic spines in vitro: A comparative study in hippocampal cultures. Neuropharmacology 2015; 103:143-54. [PMID: 26702943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and cognitive impairments can persist after relief of depressive symptoms. The multimodal-acting antidepressant vortioxetine is an antagonist at 5-HT3, 5-HT7, and 5-HT1D receptors, a partial agonist at 5-HT1B receptors, an agonist at 5-HT1A receptors, and an inhibitor of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) and has pro-cognitive properties. In preclinical studies, vortioxetine enhances long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of neuroplasticity, and enhances memory in various cognitive tasks. However, the molecular mechanisms by which vortioxetine augments LTP and memory remain unknown. Dendritic spines are specialized, actin-rich microdomains on dendritic shafts and are major sites of most excitatory synapses. Since dendritic spine remodeling is implicated in synaptic plasticity and spine size dictates the strength of synaptic transmission, we assessed if vortioxetine, relative to other antidepressants including ketamine, duloxetine, and fluoxetine, plays a role in the maintenance of dendritic spine architecture in vitro. We show that vortioxetine, ketamine, and duloxetine induce spine enlargement. However, only vortioxetine treatment increased the number of spines in contact with presynaptic terminals. In contrast, fluoxetine had no effect on spine remodeling. These findings imply that the various 5-HT receptor mechanisms of vortioxetine may play a role in its effect on spine dynamics and in increasing the proportion of potentially functional synaptic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Waller
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sánchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA.
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32
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Huckans M, Fuller BE, Chalker ALN, Adams M, Loftis JM. Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without Methamphetamine Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:178. [PMID: 26732994 PMCID: PMC4683192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is hypothesized that immune factors influence addictive behaviors and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare neuropsychiatric symptoms across adults with active methamphetamine (MA) dependence, in early remission from MA dependence, and with no history of substance dependence, (2) determine whether active or recent MA dependence affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n = 31), MA-active (n = 17), or MA-remission (n = 36) groups. Participants completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and memory complaints and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater anxiety and depression during active use (p < 0.001) and remission (p < 0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p < 0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with anxiety, depression, and memory problems. CONCLUSION While psychiatric symptoms are present during active MA dependence and remission, at least some cognitive difficulties emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Huckans
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bret E Fuller
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alison L N Chalker
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Madeleine Adams
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Research and Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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