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Oikonomou P, Nikolaou C, Papachristou F, Sovatzidis A, Lambropoulou M, Giouleka C, Kontaxis V, Linardoutsos D, Papalois A, Pitiakoudis M, Tsaroucha A. Eugenol Reduced ΜPO, CD45 and HMGB1 Expression and Attenuated the Expression of Leukocyte Infiltration Markers in the Intestinal Tissue in Biliopancreatic Duct Ligation-Induced Pancreatitis in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:74. [PMID: 38256335 PMCID: PMC10820626 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammation and dysregulation in the intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis (AP) trigger pancreatic lesions, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction. Eugenol, as the main component of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the potentially beneficial effect of eugenol in a rodent model of biliopancreatic duct ligation-induced AP. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, AP, and AP + eugenol (15 mg/kg/day). Serum TNFα, IL-6, IL-18, and resistin levels, as well as IL-6, TNFα, MPO, HMGB1, and CD45 tissue expression, were determined at various timepoints after the induction of AP. Results: Eugenol attenuated hyperemia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosal, submucosal, and muscular layers. IL-6 and resistin serum levels were significantly reduced in the AP + eugenol group, while serum TNFα and IL-18 levels remained unaffected overall. TNFα pancreatic and intestinal expression was attenuated by eugenol at 72 h, while IL-6 expression was affected only in the pancreas. MPO, CD45, and HMGB1 intestinal expression was significantly reduced in eugenol-treated rats. Conclusions: Eugenol managed to attenuate the inflammatory response in the intestine in duct ligation-induced AP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagoula Oikonomou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Fotini Papachristou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Apostolos Sovatzidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Charikleia Giouleka
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Vasileios Kontaxis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Linardoutsos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Pikermi, 19009 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michael Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.S.); (C.G.); (V.K.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.N.); (F.P.)
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Li JW, Zhang YM, Zhao CJ, Zhao M, Huang YH. Determination of the components of danyikangtai powder into the plasma and its pharmacodynamic study. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36327877 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Danyikangtai powder has a definite therapeutic effect on pancreatitis. However, the internal mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to quickly identify the blood components of danyikangtai powder and evaluate its efficacy. 25 blood components were identified by comparing the components with the same mass spectrometry information from in vivo and in vitro samples. The AR42J cells of the pancreatitis model were treated with drug-containing plasma, and the drug efficacy was evaluated by investigating the amylase release rate. This study provides a scientific reference for its pharmacological research and rational clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun-Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi-He Huang
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Molecular Mechanisms and Health Benefits of Ghrelin: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194191. [PMID: 36235843 PMCID: PMC9572668 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, an endogenous brain-gut peptide, is secreted in large quantities, mainly from the stomach, in humans and rodents. It can perform the biological function of activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Since its discovery in 1999, ample research has focused on promoting its effects on the human appetite and pleasure-reward eating. Extensive, in-depth studies have shown that ghrelin is widely secreted and distributed in tissues. Its role in neurohumoral regulation, such as metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, cardiovascular regulation, anxiety and depression, and advanced cancer cachexia, has attracted increasing attention. However, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ghrelin on obesity, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation, cardiovascular disease, stress regulation, cachexia treatment, and the prognosis of advanced cancer have not been fully summarized. This review summarizes ghrelin's numerous effects in participating in a variety of biochemical pathways and the clinical significance of ghrelin in the regulation of the homeostasis of organisms. In addition, potential mechanisms are also introduced.
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Effect of Adropin on Pancreas Exocrine Function in a Rat Model: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192547. [PMID: 36230288 PMCID: PMC9558541 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the potential effect of adropin (ADR) on pancreatic−biliary juice (PBJ) secretion (volume, protein content, trypsin activity) in a rat model. The animals were divided into control and five experimental groups: adropin, CCK-8 (CCK-8 stimulation), capsaicin (capsaicin deactivation of afferents), vagotomy (vagotomy procedure), and vagal stimulation (vagal nerve stimulation). The experiment consisted of four phases, during which vehicle (0.9% NaCl) and three ADR boluses (5, 10, and 20 µg/kg BW) were administered i.v. every 30 min. PBJ samples were collected from each rat at 15 min intervals after boluses. Exogenous ADR failed to affect the pancreatic responses after vagotomy and the capsaicin pretreatment and reduced the PBJ volume, protein outputs, and trypsin activity in the adropin, CCK-8, and vagal stimulation groups in a dose-dependent manner. In all these groups, volume of PBJ was reduced only by the highest dose of ADR (p < 0.001 for adropin group and p < 0.01 for CCK-8 and vagal stimulation groups), and the protein outputs were reduced by the administration of ADR 10 µg/kg BW (adropin and CCK-8 groups, p < 0.01 in both cases) and 20 µg/kg BW (p < 0.001 for adropin and CCK-8 groups, p < 0.01 for vagal stimulation group). The 10 µg/kg BW dose of ADR reduced the trypsin output in the CCK-8 group (p < 0.01), and the highest ADR dose reduced the trypsin output in the CCK-8 (p < 0.001) and vagal stimulation (p < 0.01) groups. In conclusion, adropin in the analyzed doses exhibits the negative feedback pathway. This mechanism seems to participate in the regulation of pancreatic juice secretion via an indirect vagal mechanism.
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Gitto SB, Nakkina SP, Beardsley JM, Parikh JG, Altomare DA. Induction of pancreatitis in mice with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 168:139-159. [PMID: 35366980 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to be associated with pancreatic cancer, however a complete picture regarding how these pathologies intersect is still being characterized. In vivo model systems are critical for the study of mechanisms underlying how inflammation accelerates neoplasia. Repeat injection of cerulein, a cholecystokinin (CCK) analog, is widely used to experimentally induce acute and chronic pancreatitis in vivo. Chronic cerulein administration into genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) with predisposition to pancreatic cancer can induce a pro-inflammatory immune response, pancreatic acinar cell damage, pancreatic stellate cell activation, and accelerate the onset of neoplasia. Here we provide a detailed protocol and insights into using cerulein to induce pancreatitis in GEMMs, and methods to experimentally assess inflammation and pancreatic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Gitto
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sai Preethi Nakkina
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jordan M Beardsley
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jignesh G Parikh
- Department of Pathology, Orlando VA Medical Center, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Deborah A Altomare
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Tao R, Qu Z, Zhang K, Chen J, Wang X, Deng Y. Substance P modulates BMSCs migration for tissue repair through NK-1R/CXCR4/p-Akt signal activation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2227-2236. [PMID: 35034285 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the wound site played an important role in tissue repair. Substance P (SP) has been studied and reported to be involved in tissue repair by promoting the growth of endothelial cells and the migration of BMSCs. However, the complicated process and the molecular mechanisms were not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of SP-induced BMSCs migration on tissue repair and its possible mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot and q-PCR assay revealed that SP could induce the BMSCs migration through overexpression of CXCR4 and upregulation of Akt phosphorylation. And the upregulation was related to the activation of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Besides, we found that the increased phosphorylation Akt caused by SP could be canceled by the inhibition of CXCR4 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a skin-injury animal model was established and used to observe the tissue repair process. Results showed that SP could accelerate wound closure, gain more granulation tissue accumulation, and more collagen deposition through the promotion of angiogenesis and induction of the BMSCs migration to the wound site. And these effects could be impaired by inhibition of CXCR4 and p-Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that SP promoted tissue repair through BMSCs migration via upregulation of CXCR4 and p-Akt. The expression of CXCR4 and p-Akt were regulated by NK-1R activation. These findings add more evidence in understanding the mechanisms of SP-induced BMSCs migration and highlight the potential for clinical implementation of SP in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Qu
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Deng
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Protective and Healing Effects of Ghrelin and Risk of Cancer in the Digestive System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910571. [PMID: 34638910 PMCID: PMC8509076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the ghrelin receptor, previously known as the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. This hormone is mainly produced by endocrine cells present in the gastric mucosa. The ghrelin-producing cells are also present in other organs of the body, mainly in the digestive system, but in much smaller amount. Ghrelin exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological effects, such as stimulation of growth hormone secretion, gastric secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and food intake, as well as regulation of glucose homeostasis and bone formation, and inhibition of inflammatory processes. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning animal and human data showing protective and therapeutic effects of ghrelin in the gut, and also presents the role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in these effects. In addition, the current data on the possible influence of ghrelin on the carcinogenesis, its importance in predicting the risk of developing gastrointestinal malignances, as well as the potential usefulness of ghrelin in the treatment of cancer, have been presented.
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Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is the result of cellular troubles related to aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, this stress is always associated with biological responses evoked by physical, chemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Several studies have developed many approaches of antioxidant defense to diminish the severity of many diseases. Ghrelin was originally identified from the rat stomach, and it is a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide that has pleiotropic functions. Methods A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords such as ghrelin, antioxidant, oxidative stress, and systemic oxidative stress sensor. Results In the last decade, many studies show that ghrelin exhibits protection effects against oxidative stress derived probably from its antioxidant effects. Pieces of evidence demonstrate that systemic oxidative stress increase ghrelin levels in the plasma. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in ghrelin peripheral tissues and extensively in the central nervous system suggests that this endogenous peptide plays an important role as a systemic oxidative stress sensor Conclusion The current evidence confirms that ghrelin and its derived peptides (Desacyl-ghrelin, obestatin) act as a protective antioxidant agent. Therefore, stressor modality, duration, and intensity are the parameters of oxidative stress that must be taken into consideration to determine the role of ghrelin, Desacyl-ghrelin, and obestatin in the regulation of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Akki
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture-Meknes/ENA, Meknes, Morocco.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Raghay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Fusco R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Genovese T, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Biochemical Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Pancreatitis-Associated Gut Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090781. [PMID: 32842687 PMCID: PMC7555523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a severe abdominal pathology often associated with several complications including gut dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathways involved in this pathology. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic compound obtained from olive oil, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We evaluated the effects of HT administration on pancreatic and intestinal injury induced by caerulein administration. CD1 female mice were administered caerulein (50 μg/kg) for 10 h. HT treatment (5 mg/kg) was performed 30 min after the first caerulein injection and for two consecutive hours afterwards. One hour after the last caerulein injection, mice were sacrificed and serum, colon and pancreatic tissue samples were collected. HT was able to reduce the serum hallmarks of pancreatitis (amylase and lipase), histological damage score in both pancreas and colon tissue, inflammatory cells recruitment (mast cells) in both injured tissues, intrapancreatic trypsin activity and overexpression of the adhesion molecules (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin) in colon. Additionally, HT reduced cytokine (interleukin 1 beta (IL- 1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) levels in serum, pancreas and colon tissue and chemokine release (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1/CCL2)) in pancreas and colon tissue. HT decreased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity) by enhancing the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in both injured tissues. Moreover, HT preserved intestinal barrier integrity, as shown by the diamine oxidase (DAO) serum levels and tight junction (zonula occludens (ZO) and occludin) expression in pancreas and colon. Our findings demonstrated that HT would be an important therapeutic tool against pancreatitis-induced injuries in the pancreas and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (R.A.); (T.G.); (E.G.); (A.F.P.); (R.D.P.)
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Maduzia D, Ceranowicz P, Cieszkowski J, Gałązka K, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Warzecha Z. Pretreatment with Warfarin Attenuates the Development of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:E2493. [PMID: 32471279 PMCID: PMC7321200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis (AP), pancreatic damage leads to local vascular injury, manifesting as endothelial damage and activation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte rolling, sticking and transmigration to pancreatic tissue as well as activation of coagulation. Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with heparin or acenocoumarol inhibits the development of AP. The aim of the present study was to check the impact of pretreatment with warfarin, an oral vitamin K antagonist, on the development of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AP in rats. AP was induced by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion of the gland. Warfarin (90, 180 or 270 µg/kg/dose) or vehicle were administered intragastrically once a day for 7 days before induction of AP. The effect of warfarin on the severity of AP was assessed 6 h after pancreatic reperfusion. The assessment included histological, functional, and biochemical analyses. Pretreatment with warfarin given at a dose of 90 or 180 µg/kg/dose increased the international normalized ratio and reduced morphological signs of pancreatic damage such as pancreatic edema, vacuolization of acinar cells, necrosis and the number of hemorrhages. These effects were accompanied by an improvement of pancreatic blood flow and a decrease in serum level amylase, lipase, pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β and plasma level of D-dimer. In contrast, pretreatment with warfarin given at a dose of 270 µg/kg/dose led to an increase in severity of pancreatic damage and biochemical indicators of AP. In addition, this dose of warfarin resulted in deaths in some animals. Pretreatment with low doses of warfarin inhibits the development of AP induced by pancreatic ischemia followed by reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Maduzia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Krystyna Gałązka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.M.); (J.C.); (Z.W.)
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Wang Y, Bu C, Wu K, Wang R, Wang J. Curcumin protects the pancreas from acute pancreatitis via the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3027-3034. [PMID: 31432122 PMCID: PMC6755239 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been demonstrated to reduce markers of inflammation during acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of curcumin are unknown. In the present study the effects of curcumin in an AP animal model and cell models was examined and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. An AP animal model was established by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of rats, and the cell model was established by treatment with 0.5 nM cerulein with an optimal concentration of lipopolysaccharide in AR42J rat pancreatic cancer cells. Amylase activity and arterial blood gas composition were assessed by automatic biochemical and blood gas analyzers. Pathological alteration of the pancreas was determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by ELISA. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and protein expression levels were assessed by western blotting. Curcumin reduced the ascites volume after 12 and 24 h, the weight of pancreas after 12, 24 and 36 h of surgery, but also attenuated injury to the pancreas. Serum expression levels of TNF-α and CRP were reduced by curcumin. In addition, curcumin decreased the cell viability, amylase activity and the phosphorylation of p38 in AR42J cells, but did not affect the intracellular levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Curcumin may lower the severity and inflammatory response via the mitogen-activated protein kinase-signaling pathway, to some extent. However, future studies are required to fully understand the protective effects of curcumin on AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Chanyuan Bu
- Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Kangkang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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12
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Bonior J, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Gajdosz R, Pierzchalski P, Kot M, Leja-Szpak A, Nawrot-Porąbka K, Link-Lenczowski P, Pędziwiatr M, Olszanecki R, Bartuś K, Trąbka R, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Dembiński A, Jaworek J. Correction: Bonior, J., et al. Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Are Necessary for the Protective Effect of Ghrelin in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1402. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123089. [PMID: 31242552 PMCID: PMC6627645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Gajdosz
- Department of Emergency Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michalina Kot
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nawrot-Porąbka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 21 Kopernika St., 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bartuś
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, JP II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafał Trąbka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 3 Koło Strzelnicy St., 30-219 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15 A Kopernika St., 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Artur Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michałowskiego St., 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
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13
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Stempniewicz A, Ceranowicz P, Warzecha Z. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Gut Hormones, Ghrelin and Obestatin in Oral Mucositis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071534. [PMID: 30934722 PMCID: PMC6479885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and/or head and neck radiotherapy are frequently associated with oral mucositis. Oral pain, odynophagia and dysphagia, opioid use, weight loss, dehydration, systemic infection, hospitalization and introduction of a feeding tube should be mentioned as the main determinated effect of oral mucositis. Oral mucositis leads to a decreased quality of life and an increase in treatment costs. Moreover, oral mucositis is a life-threatening disease. In addition to its own direct life-threatening consequences, it can also lead to a reduced survival due to the discontinuation or dose reduction of anti-neoplasm therapy. There are numerous strategies for the prevention or treatment of oral mucositis; however, their effectiveness is limited and does not correspond to expectations. This review is focused on the ghrelin and obestatin as potentially useful candidates for the prevention and treatment of chemo- or/and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stempniewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 16 St., 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
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14
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Norris AW, Uc A. A Novel Stomach-Pancreas Connection: More than Physical. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:25-26. [PMID: 30314893 PMCID: PMC6284412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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15
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Zhang M, Wu YQ, Xie L, Wu J, Xu K, Xiao J, Chen DQ. Isoliquiritigenin Protects Against Pancreatic Injury and Intestinal Dysfunction After Severe Acute Pancreatitis via Nrf2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:936. [PMID: 30174606 PMCID: PMC6108026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a digestive system disease that is associated with a range of complications including intestinal dysfunction. In this study, we determined that the chalcone compound, isoliquiritigenin (ISL), reduces pancreatic and intestinal injury in a mouse model of SAP. These effects were achieved by suppressing oxidative stress and the inflammatory responses to SAP. This was evidenced by a reduction in histological score, and malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cleaved-caspase-3 (c-caspase-3) protein along with an increase in Nrf2, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We then used Nrf2-/- mice to test the protective effect of Nrf2 during ISL treatment of SAP. Our results indicated that Nrf2-/- mice had greater pancreatic injury and intestinal dysfunction than wild-type mice. They also had reduced adherens junctions (P120-catenin) and tight junctions (occludin), and increased activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein. In Nrf2-/- mice, ISL was less effective at these functions than in the WT mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ISL exerts its protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury after SAP via regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. It also showed that the efficacy of ISL in repairing the intestinal barrier damage caused by SAP is closely related to the Nrf2 protein. Our findings demonstrated that Nrf2 is an important protective factor against SAP-induced injuries in the pancreas and intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Wenzhou University College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Da-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Konarska K, Cieszkowski J, Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz P, Chmura A, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Gałązka K, Kowalczyk P, Miskiewicz A, Konturek TJ, Pędziwiatr M, Dembiński A. Treatment with Obestatin-A Ghrelin Gene-Encoded Peptide-Reduces the Severity of Experimental Colitis Evoked by Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061643. [PMID: 29865176 PMCID: PMC6032262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide derived from proghrelin, a common prohormone for ghrelin and obestatin. Previous studies showed that obestatin exhibited some protective and therapeutic effects in the gut. The aim of our presented study was to examine the effect of treatment with obestatin on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. In rats anesthetized with ketamine, colitis was induced through intrarectal administration of 25 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Obestatin was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 4, 8, or 16 nmol/kg, twice per day for four consecutive days. The first dose of obestatin was given one day before the induction of colitis, and the last one was given two days after administration of TNBS. Fourteen days after the induction of colitis, rats were anesthetized again with ketamine, and the severity of colitis was determined. The administration of obestatin had no effect on the parameters tested in rats without the induction of colitis. In rats with colitis, administration of obestatin at doses of 8 or 16 nmol/kg reduced the area of colonic damage, and improved mucosal blood flow in the colon. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in the colitis-evoked increase in the level of blood leukocytes, and mucosal concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β. Moreover, obestatin administered at doses of 8 or 16 nmol/kg reduced histological signs of colonic damage. The administration of obestatin at a dose of 4 nmol/kg failed to significantly affect the parameters tested. Overall, treatment with obestatin reduced the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in rats. This effect was associated with an improvement in mucosal blood flow in the colon, and a decrease in local and systemic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Konarska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Gałązka
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Miskiewicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-246 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Thomas Jan Konturek
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- Second Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Artur Dembiński
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
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17
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Qu R, Chen X, Wang W, Qiu C, Ban M, Guo L, Vasilev K, Chen J, Li W, Zhao Y. Ghrelin protects against osteoarthritis through interplay with Akt and NF‐κB signaling pathways. FASEB J 2018; 32:1044-1058. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700265r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of PathologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of PathologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Miaomiao Ban
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Linlin Guo
- Medical School of Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of EngineeringUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jianying Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals of Shandong ProvinceJinanChina
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of PathologyShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
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18
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Jeong YK, Kim H. A Mini-Review on the Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Cerulein-Induced and Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112239. [PMID: 29068376 PMCID: PMC5713209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis refers to the sudden inflammation of the pancreas. It is associated with premature activation and release of digestive enzymes into the pancreatic interstitium and systemic circulation, resulting in pancreatic tissue autodigestion and multiple organ dysfunction, as well as with increased cytokine production, ultimately leading to deleterious local and systemic effects. Although mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have not been completely elucidated, oxidative stress is regarded as a major risk factor. In human acute pancreatitis, lipid peroxide levels in pancreatic tissues increase. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (C22:6n-3), exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on various cells. Previous studies have shown that DHA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and induces catalase, which inhibits oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory signaling required for cytokine expression in experimental acute pancreatitis using cerulein. Cerulein, a cholecystokinin analog, induces intra-acinar activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas, which results in human acute pancreatitis-like symptoms. Therefore, DHA supplementation may be beneficial for preventing or inhibiting acute pancreatitis development. Since DHA reduces serum triglyceride levels, addition of DHA to lipid-lowering drugs like statins has been investigated to reduce hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis. However, high DHA concentrations increase cytosolic Ca2+, which activates protein kinase C and may induce hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis. In this review, effect of DHA on cerulein-induced and hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis has been discussed. The relation of high concentration of DHA to hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyung Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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