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Sariol A, Vickers MA, Christensen SM, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Norris AW, Tansey MJ, Pinnaro CT, Perlman S. Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Does not Boost Omicron-Specific Immune Response in Diabetic and Control Pediatric Patients. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1059-1067. [PMID: 37624979 PMCID: PMC11011175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been well described in adults, pediatric populations have been less studied. In particular, children with type 1 diabetes are generally at elevated risk for more severe disease after infections, but are understudied in terms of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses. We investigated the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations in 35 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 23 controls and found that these children develop levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers and spike protein-specific T cells comparable to nondiabetic children. However, in comparing the neutralizing antibody responses in children who received 2 doses of mRNA vaccines (24 T1D; 14 controls) with those who received a third, booster dose (11 T1D; 9 controls), we found that the booster dose increased neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains but, unexpectedly, not Omicron lineage variants. In contrast, boosting enhanced Omicron variant neutralizing antibody titers in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Molly A Vickers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shannon M Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael J Tansey
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Catherina T Pinnaro
- Department of Pediatrics-Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Villasmil MGP, Ryckman KK, Norris AW, Pinnaro CT. Screening for Turner syndrome-associated hyperglycemia: Evaluating hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose. Horm Res Paediatr 2023:000534371. [PMID: 37788658 PMCID: PMC10987397 DOI: 10.1159/000534371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently, annual DM screening with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with or without fasting blood glucose (FBG) is recommended starting at age 10. However, the optimal DM screening for individuals with TS is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c, FBG, and the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A second goal was to query whether optimal HbA1c and fasting (FBG) cut points for TS-associated DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as defined by the OGTT 2-hour blood glucose (BG), might differ from those for the general population. METHODS Individuals with TS ≥ age 10 from the TS: Genotype Phenotype study in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) who had 2-hour OGTT BG, HbA1c, and FBG were included. Correlations between HbA1c, FBG, and 2-hour OGTT BG were evaluated. Areas under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC-AUC) curves were generated. Optimal cut points for predicting TS-associated IGT (2-hour BG ≥ 7.77 mmol/L ) and DM 2-hour BG ≥11.10 mmol/L) were determined. RESULTS 348 individuals had complete data (2-hour OGTT BG < 7.77 mmol/L, n = 239; TS-associated IGT, n = 79; DM, n = 30). ROC-AUC was poor for HbA1c to predict IGT (0.57, 0.49-0.65) but better for DM (0.81, 0.71-0.90). ROC-AUC was also poor for FBG to predict IGT (0.63, 0.56-0.70) but better for DM (0.85, 0.77-0.93). At a cut point of 38 mmol/mol (5.6%), HbA1c had 67% sensitivity (95% CI: 47-83%) and 86% specificity (95% CI: 82-90%) for identifying TS-associated DM defined by 2-hour OGTT BG. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The correlation of HbA1c and 2-hour OGTT BG are lower in TS than other published studies regarding type 2 DM. HbA1c is fairly specific for DM in TS but lacks sensitivity especially at currently utilized levels. Future research should focus on characterizing individuals with TS whose glycemic status is discordant, as this may provide additional insights into the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism in TS. Longitudinal assessement of glycemia as it relates to micro- and macrovascular complications in individuals with TS will further inform DM screening in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelli K. Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Catherina T. Pinnaro
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Kim YR, Gaddam RR, Jacobs JS, Bachschmid MM, Younis T, Zhu Z, Zingman L, London B, Rauckhorst AJ, Taylor EB, Norris AW, Vikram A, Irani K. Deficiency of endothelial sirtuin1 in mice stimulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by modifying the secretome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5595. [PMID: 37696839 PMCID: PMC10495425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of endothelial Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in insulin resistant states contributes to vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, Sirt1 deficiency in skeletal myocytes promotes insulin resistance. Here, we show that deletion of endothelial Sirt1, while impairing endothelial function, paradoxically improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Compared to wild-type mice, male mice lacking endothelial Sirt1 (E-Sirt1-KO) preferentially utilize glucose over fat, and have higher insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and Akt signaling in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Enhanced insulin sensitivity of E-Sirt1-KO mice is transferrable to wild-type mice via the systemic circulation. Endothelial Sirt1 deficiency, by inhibiting autophagy and activating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, augments expression and secretion of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) that promotes insulin signaling in skeletal myotubes. Thus, unlike in skeletal myocytes, Sirt1 deficiency in the endothelium promotes glucose homeostasis by stimulating skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through a blood-borne mechanism, and augmented secretion of Tβ4 by Sirt1-deficient endothelial cells boosts insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Quanjiang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Young-Rae Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Julia S Jacobs
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Tsneem Younis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Leonid Zingman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Barry London
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- FOEDRC Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- FOEDRC Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- FOEDRC Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Putman MS, Norris AW, Hull RL, Rickels MR, Sussel L, Blackman SM, Chan CL, Ode KL, Daley T, Stecenko AA, Moran A, Helmick MJ, Cray S, Alvarez JA, Stallings VA, Tuggle KL, Clancy JP, Eggerman TL, Engelhardt JF, Kelly A. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Workshop: Research Priorities Spanning Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Outcomes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1112-1123. [PMID: 37125948 PMCID: PMC10234745 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive disorder arising from mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR is expressed in numerous tissues, with high expression in the airways, small and large intestine, pancreatic and hepatobiliary ducts, and male reproductive tract. CFTR loss in these tissues disrupts regulation of salt, bicarbonate, and water balance across their epithelia, resulting in a systemic disorder with progressive organ dysfunction and damage. Pancreatic exocrine damage ultimately manifests as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency that begins as early as infancy. Pancreatic remodeling accompanies this early damage, during which abnormal glucose tolerance can be observed in toddlers. With increasing age, however, insulin secretion defects progress such that CF-related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 20% of teens and up to half of adults with CF. The relevance of CFRD is highlighted by its association with increased morbidity, mortality, and patient burden. While clinical research on CFRD has greatly assisted in the care of individuals with CFRD, key knowledge gaps on CFRD pathogenesis remain. Furthermore, the wide use of CFTR modulators to restore CFTR activity is changing the CFRD clinical landscape and the field's understanding of CFRD pathogenesis. For these reasons, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation sponsored a CFRD Scientific Workshop, 23-25 June 2021, to define knowledge gaps and needed research areas. This article describes the findings from this workshop and plots a path for CFRD research that is needed over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Putman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rebecca L. Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle
| | - Michael R. Rickels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott M. Blackman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tanicia Daley
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arlene A. Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Antoinette Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Virginia A. Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Thomas L. Eggerman
- Division of Diabetes, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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5
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Putman MS, Norris AW, Hull RL, Rickels MR, Sussel L, Blackman SM, Chan CL, Ode KL, Daley T, Stecenko AA, Moran A, Helmick MJ, Cray S, Alvarez JA, Stallings VA, Tuggle KL, Clancy JP, Eggerman TL, Engelhardt JF, Kelly A. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Workshop: Research Priorities Spanning Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Outcomes. Diabetes 2023; 72:677-689. [PMID: 37125945 PMCID: PMC10202770 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive disorder arising from mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR is expressed in numerous tissues, with high expression in the airways, small and large intestine, pancreatic and hepatobiliary ducts, and male reproductive tract. CFTR loss in these tissues disrupts regulation of salt, bicarbonate, and water balance across their epithelia, resulting in a systemic disorder with progressive organ dysfunction and damage. Pancreatic exocrine damage ultimately manifests as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency that begins as early as infancy. Pancreatic remodeling accompanies this early damage, during which abnormal glucose tolerance can be observed in toddlers. With increasing age, however, insulin secretion defects progress such that CF-related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 20% of teens and up to half of adults with CF. The relevance of CFRD is highlighted by its association with increased morbidity, mortality, and patient burden. While clinical research on CFRD has greatly assisted in the care of individuals with CFRD, key knowledge gaps on CFRD pathogenesis remain. Furthermore, the wide use of CFTR modulators to restore CFTR activity is changing the CFRD clinical landscape and the field's understanding of CFRD pathogenesis. For these reasons, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation sponsored a CFRD Scientific Workshop, 23-25 June 2021, to define knowledge gaps and needed research areas. This article describes the findings from this workshop and plots a path for CFRD research that is needed over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Putman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rebecca L. Hull
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael R. Rickels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott M. Blackman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tanicia Daley
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arlene A. Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Antoinette Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Virginia A. Stallings
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Thomas L. Eggerman
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Palmer BA, Soltys K, Zimmerman MB, Norris AW, Tsalikian E, Tansey MJ, Pinnaro CT. Diabetes Device Downloading: Benefits and Barriers Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:381-389. [PMID: 34809477 PMCID: PMC10012364 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211059537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to meet glycemic targets despite increasing continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use. We therefore aimed to determine the proportion of caregivers who review recent glycemic trends ("retrospective review") and make ensuant insulin adjustments based on this data ("retroactive insulin adjustments"). We additionally considered that fear of hypoglycemia and frequency of severe hypoglycemia would be associated with performing retrospective review. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of caregivers of youth with T1D, collecting demographics, diabetes technology usage, patterns of glucose data review/insulin dose self-adjustment, and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS). RESULTS Nineteen percent of eligible caregivers (191/1003) responded. Performing retrospective review was associated with younger child age (12.2 versus 15.4, P = .0001) and CGM use (92% versus 73%, P = .004), but was not associated with a significant improvement in child's HbA1c (7.89 versus 8.04, P = .65). Retrospective reviewers had significantly higher HFS-behavior scores (31.9 versus 27.7, P = .0002), which remained significantly higher when adjusted for child's age and CGM use (P = .005). Linear regression identified a significant negative association between HbA1c (%) and number of retroactive insulin adjustments (0.24 percent lower mean HbA1c per additional adjustment made, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Retrospective glucose data review is associated with improved HbA1c when coupled with data-driven retroactive insulin adjustments. Barriers to data downloading existed even in this cohort of predominantly CGM-using T1D families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
| | - Karissa Soltys
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
| | | | - Andrew W. Norris
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes
Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eva Tsalikian
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
| | - Michael J. Tansey
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes
Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Catherina T. Pinnaro
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes
Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Catherina T. Pinnaro, MD, MS, Division of
Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The
University of Iowa, 216 MRC, 501 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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7
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Mitsch C, Alexandrou E, Norris AW, Pinnaro CT. Hyperglycemia in Turner syndrome: Impact, mechanisms, and areas for future research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116889. [PMID: 36875465 PMCID: PMC9974831 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomal disorder resulting from complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome. Hyperglycemia, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to diabetes mellitus (DM), is common in TS. DM in individuals with TS is associated with an 11-fold excess in mortality. The reasons for the high prevalence of hyperglycemia in TS are not well understood even though this aspect of TS was initially reported almost 60 years ago. Karyotype, as a proxy for X chromosome (Xchr) gene dosage, has been associated with DM risk in TS - however, no specific Xchr genes or loci have been implicated in the TS hyperglycemia phenotype. The molecular genetic study of TS-related phenotypes is hampered by inability to design analyses based on familial segregation, as TS is a non-heritable genetic disorder. Mechanistic studies are confounded by a lack of adequate TS animal models, small and heterogenous study populations, and the use of medications that alter carbohydrate metabolism in the management of TS. This review summarizes and assesses existing data related to the physiological and genetic mechanisms hypothesized to underlie hyperglycemia in TS, concluding that insulin deficiency is an early defect intrinsic to TS that results in hyperglycemia. Diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for treatment of hyperglycemia in TS are presented, while emphasizing the pitfalls and complexities of studying glucose metabolism and diagnosing hyperglycemia in the TS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Mitsch
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Eirene Alexandrou
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Catherina T. Pinnaro
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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8
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Chan CL, Granados A, Moheet A, Singh S, Vigers T, Arbeláez AM, Yi Y, Hu S, Norris AW, Ode KL. Glycemia and β-cell function before and after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in youth and adults with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2022; 30:100311. [PMID: 36620757 PMCID: PMC9816065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2022.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is prevalent among people with CF (PwCF) and associated with worse clinical outcomes. CFTR modulators are highly effective in improving the disease course of CF. However, the effects of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on glucose metabolism in PwCF are unclear. Methods Twenty youth and adults with CF underwent frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests (fsOGTT) before and after ETI initiation. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after 1.75 g/kg (max 75 g) of dextrose. HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were collected in a subset. Estimates of insulin secretion (C-peptide index), insulin resistance (HOMA2 IR and IS(OGTT Cpep)), and β-cell function (C-peptide oral disposition index, oDIcoeo), were compared before and after ETI. Results Participants were a median (IQR) of 20.4 (14.1, 28.6) years old, 75 % male. Follow-up occurred 10.5 (10.0, 12.3) months after ETI initiation. BMI z-score increased from 0.3 (-0.3, 0.8) to 0.8 (0.4, 1.5), p = 0.013 between visits. No significant differences were observed in glucose tolerance, glucose area under the curve, nor fsOGTT glucose concentrations before and after ETI. Median (IQR) C-peptide index increased from 5.7 (4.1, 8.3) to 8.8 (5.5, 10.8) p = 0.013 and HOMA2 IR increased (p < 0.001), while oDIcoeo was unchanged (p = 0.67). HbA1c decreased from 5.5 % (5.5, 5.8) to 5.4 % (5.2, 5.6) (p = 0.003) while CGM variables did not change. Conclusions BMI z-score and measures of both insulin resistance and insulin secretion increased within the first year of ETI initiation. β-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (oDIcoeo) did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea Granados
- Department of Pediatrics, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amir Moheet
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sachinkumar Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy Vigers
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shanming Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Carter CS, Huang SC, Searby CC, Cassaidy B, Miller MJ, Grzesik WJ, Piorczynski TB, Pak TK, Walsh SA, Acevedo M, Zhang Q, Mapuskar KA, Milne GL, Hinton AO, Guo DF, Weiss R, Bradberry K, Taylor EB, Rauckhorst AJ, Dick DW, Akurathi V, Falls-Hubert KC, Wagner BA, Carter WA, Wang K, Norris AW, Rahmouni K, Buettner GR, Hansen JM, Spitz DR, Abel ED, Sheffield VC. Exposure to Static Magnetic and Electric Fields Treats Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1893. [PMID: 36323238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Gunasekar SK, Xie L, Kumar A, Hong J, Chheda PR, Kang C, Kern DM, My-Ta C, Maurer J, Heebink J, Gerber EE, Grzesik WJ, Elliot-Hudson M, Zhang Y, Key P, Kulkarni CA, Beals JW, Smith GI, Samuel I, Smith JK, Nau P, Imai Y, Sheldon RD, Taylor EB, Lerner DJ, Norris AW, Klein S, Brohawn SG, Kerns R, Sah R. Small molecule SWELL1 complex induction improves glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine Type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:784. [PMID: 35145074 PMCID: PMC8831520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Tissue-specific SWELL1 ablation impairs insulin signaling in adipose, skeletal muscle, and endothelium, and impairs β-cell insulin secretion and glycemic control. Here, we show that ICl,SWELL and SWELL1 protein are reduced in adipose and β-cells in murine and human diabetes. Combining cryo-electron microscopy, molecular docking, medicinal chemistry, and functional studies, we define a structure activity relationship to rationally-design active derivatives of a SWELL1 channel inhibitor (DCPIB/SN-401), that bind the SWELL1 hexameric complex, restore SWELL1 protein, plasma membrane trafficking, signaling, glycemic control and islet insulin secretion via SWELL1-dependent mechanisms. In vivo, SN-401 restores glycemic control, reduces hepatic steatosis/injury, improves insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in murine diabetes. These findings demonstrate that SWELL1 channel modulators improve SWELL1-dependent systemic metabolism in Type 2 diabetes, representing a first-in-class therapeutic approach for diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and liver steatosis. Here the authors report a proof-of-concept study for small molecule SWELL1 modulators as a therapeutic approach to treat diabetes and associated liver steatosis by enhancing systemic insulin-sensitivity and insulin secretion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel K Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pratik R Chheda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Kern
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chau My-Ta
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eva E Gerber
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Macaulay Elliot-Hudson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Phillip Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joseph W Beals
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Gordon I Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Isaac Samuel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica K Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Nau
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel J Lerner
- Senseion Therapeutics Inc, BioGenerator Labs, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Stephen G Brohawn
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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Subramani S, Bellizzi AM, Borcherding N, Kao SC, Dillon J, Howe J, Norris AW, Tansey MJ, Pinnaro CT. Hypoglycemia secondary to insulinoma masking the onset of type 1 diabetes in an adolescent. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04868. [PMID: 34594558 PMCID: PMC8462061 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes and insulinoma can co-occur in pediatric patients and may present with episodes of hypo- and hyperglycemia, significant glycemic variability, and weight gain. Surgical resection leads to development of fulminant diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Subramani
- Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | | | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Simon C. Kao
- Department of RadiologyDivision of Pediatric RadiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Joseph Dillon
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of EndocrinologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - James Howe
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine SurgeryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Michael J. Tansey
- Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Catherina T. Pinnaro
- Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research CenterUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
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12
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Yi Y, Sun X, Liang B, He N, Gibson-Corley KN, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF, Uc A. Acute pancreatitis-induced islet dysfunction in ferrets. Pancreatology 2021; 21:839-847. [PMID: 33994067 PMCID: PMC8355067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Objectives: The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia during acute pancreatitis (AP) remains unknown due to inaccessibility of human tissues and lack of animal models. We aimed to develop an animal model to study the mechanisms of hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in AP. METHODS We injected ferrets with intraperitoneal cerulein (50 μg/kg, 9 hourly injections) or saline. Blood samples were collected for glucose (0, 4, 8, 12, 24h); TNF-α, IL-6 (6h); amylase, lipase, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) (24h). Animals underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) at 24h or 3 months, followed by harvesting pancreas for histopathology and immunostaining. RESULTS Cerulein-injected ferrets exhibited mild pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, and elevations in serum amylase, lipase, TNF-α, IL-6, consistent with AP. Plasma glucose was significantly higher in ferrets with AP at all time points. Plasma glucagon, GLP-1 and PP were significantly higher in cerulein-injected animals, while plasma insulin was significantly lower compared to controls. OGTT and MMTT showed abnormal glycemic responses with higher area under the curve. The hypoglycemic response to insulin injection was completely lost, suggestive of insulin resistance. OGTT showed low plasma insulin; MMTT confirmed low insulin and GIP; abnormal OGTT and MMTT responses returned to normal 3 months after cerulein injection. CONCLUSIONS Acute cerulein injection causes mild acute pancreatitis in ferrets and hyperglycemia related to transient islet cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The ferret cerulein model may contribute to the understanding of hyperglycemia in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nan He
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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13
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Carter CS, Huang SC, Searby CC, Cassaidy B, Miller MJ, Grzesik WJ, Piorczynski TB, Pak TK, Walsh SA, Acevedo M, Zhang Q, Mapuskar KA, Milne GL, Hinton AO, Guo DF, Weiss R, Bradberry K, Taylor EB, Rauckhorst AJ, Dick DW, Akurathi V, Falls-Hubert KC, Wagner BA, Carter WA, Wang K, Norris AW, Rahmouni K, Buettner GR, Hansen JM, Spitz DR, Abel ED, Sheffield VC. Reply to Petersen et al.: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1004-E1005. [PMID: 33843283 PMCID: PMC8238129 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin S Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sunny C Huang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Charles C Searby
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Benjamin Cassaidy
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ted B Piorczynski
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Thomas K Pak
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Susan A Walsh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Acevedo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kyle Bradberry
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David W Dick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kelly C Falls-Hubert
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Walter A Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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14
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Carter CS, Huang SC, Searby CC, Cassaidy B, Miller MJ, Grzesik WJ, Piorczynski TB, Pak TK, Walsh SA, Acevedo M, Zhang Q, Mapuskar KA, Milne GL, Hinton AO, Guo DF, Weiss R, Bradberry K, Taylor EB, Rauckhorst AJ, Dick DW, Akurathi V, Falls-Hubert KC, Wagner BA, Carter WA, Wang K, Norris AW, Rahmouni K, Buettner GR, Hansen JM, Spitz DR, Abel ED, Sheffield VC. Counterpoint: An alternative hypothesis for why exposure to static magnetic and electric fields treats type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1001-E1002. [PMID: 33843282 PMCID: PMC8238130 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00110.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin S Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sunny C Huang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Charles C Searby
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Benjamin Cassaidy
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ted B Piorczynski
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Thomas K Pak
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Susan A Walsh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Acevedo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kyle Bradberry
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David W Dick
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kelly C Falls-Hubert
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Walter A Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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15
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Carter CS, Huang SC, Searby CC, Cassaidy B, Miller MJ, Grzesik WJ, Piorczynski TB, Pak TK, Walsh SA, Acevedo M, Zhang Q, Mapuskar KA, Milne GL, Hinton AO, Guo DF, Weiss R, Bradberry K, Taylor EB, Rauckhorst AJ, Dick DW, Akurathi V, Falls-Hubert KC, Wagner BA, Carter WA, Wang K, Norris AW, Rahmouni K, Buettner GR, Hansen JM, Spitz DR, Abel ED, Sheffield VC. Exposure to Static Magnetic and Electric Fields Treats Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 32:561-574.e7. [PMID: 33027675 PMCID: PMC7819711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant redox signaling underlies the pathophysiology of many chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methodologies aimed at rebalancing systemic redox homeostasis have had limited success. A noninvasive, sustained approach would enable the long-term control of redox signaling for the treatment of T2D. We report that static magnetic and electric fields (sBE) noninvasively modulate the systemic GSH-to-GSSG redox couple to promote a healthier systemic redox environment that is reducing. Strikingly, when applied to mouse models of T2D, sBE rapidly ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in as few as 3 days with no observed adverse effects. Scavenging paramagnetic byproducts of oxygen metabolism with SOD2 in hepatic mitochondria fully abolishes these insulin sensitizing effects, demonstrating that mitochondrial superoxide mediates induction of these therapeutic changes. Our findings introduce a remarkable redox-modulating phenomenon that exploits endogenous electromagneto-receptive mechanisms for the noninvasive treatment of T2D, and potentially other redox-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin S Carter
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Sunny C Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Charles C Searby
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Cassaidy
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ted B Piorczynski
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Thomas K Pak
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Susan A Walsh
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Acevedo
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kranti A Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kyle Bradberry
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David W Dick
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelly C Falls-Hubert
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brett A Wagner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Walter A Carter
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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16
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Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are well embedded within the exocrine pancreas (the latter comprised of ducts and acini), but the nature of interactions between these pancreatic compartments and their role in determining normal islet function and survival are poorly understood. However, these interactions appear to be critical, as when pancreatic exocrine disease occurs, islet function and insulin secretion frequently decline to the point that diabetes ensues, termed pancreatogenic diabetes. The most common forms of pancreatogenic diabetes involve sustained exocrine disease leading to ductal obstruction, acinar inflammation, and fibro-fatty replacement of the exocrine pancreas that predates the development of dysfunction of the endocrine pancreas, as seen in chronic pancreatitis-associated diabetes and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and, more rarely, MODY type 8. Intriguingly, a form of tumour-induced diabetes has been described that is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we review the similarities and differences among these forms of pancreatogenic diabetes, with the goal of highlighting the importance of exocrine/ductal homeostasis for the maintenance of pancreatic islet function and survival and to highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these diverse conditions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rickels
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Tyler SR, Rotti PG, Sun X, Yi Y, Xie W, Winter MC, Flamme-Wiese MJ, Tucker BA, Mullins RF, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF. PyMINEr Finds Gene and Autocrine-Paracrine Networks from Human Islet scRNA-Seq. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1951-1964.e8. [PMID: 30759402 PMCID: PMC6394844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toolsets available for in-depth analysis of scRNA-seq datasets by biologists with little informatics experience is limited. Here, we describe an informatics tool (PyMINEr) that fully automates cell type identification, cell type-specific pathway analyses, graph theory-based analysis of gene regulation, and detection of autocrine-paracrine signaling networks in silico. We applied PyMINEr to interrogate human pancreatic islet scRNA-seq datasets and discovered several features of co-expression graphs, including concordance of scRNA-seq-graph structure with both protein-protein interactions and 3D genomic architecture, association of high-connectivity and low-expression genes with cell type enrichment, and potential for the graph structure to clarify potential etiologies of enigmatic disease-associated variants. We further created a consensus co-expression network and autocrine-paracrine signaling networks within and across islet cell types from seven datasets. PyMINEr correctly identified changes in BMP-WNT signaling associated with cystic fibrosis pancreatic acinar cell loss. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the PyMINEr framework will be a valuable resource for scRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; College of Engineering, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael C Winter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Miles J Flamme-Wiese
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- 1 Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa
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19
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Sharma A, Oonthonpan L, Sheldon RD, Rauckhorst AJ, Zhu Z, Tompkins SC, Cho K, Grzesik WJ, Gray LR, Scerbo DA, Pewa AD, Cushing EM, Dyle MC, Cox JE, Adams C, Davies BS, Shields RK, Norris AW, Patti G, Zingman LV, Taylor EB. Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial pyruvate uptake rewires glucose metabolism to drive whole-body leanness. eLife 2019; 8:e45873. [PMID: 31305240 PMCID: PMC6684275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic cycles are a fundamental element of cellular and organismal function. Among the most critical in higher organisms is the Cori Cycle, the systemic cycling between lactate and glucose. Here, skeletal muscle-specific Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) deletion in mice diverted pyruvate into circulating lactate. This switch disinhibited muscle fatty acid oxidation and drove Cori Cycling that contributed to increased energy expenditure. Loss of muscle MPC activity led to strikingly decreased adiposity with complete muscle mass and strength retention. Notably, despite decreasing muscle glucose oxidation, muscle MPC disruption increased muscle glucose uptake and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, chronic and acute muscle MPC deletion accelerated fat mass loss on a normal diet after high fat diet-induced obesity. Our results illuminate the role of the skeletal muscle MPC as a whole-body carbon flux control point. They highlight the potential utility of modulating muscle pyruvate utilization to ameliorate obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Lalita Oonthonpan
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Sean C Tompkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, School of MedicineWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Wojciech J Grzesik
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Lawrence R Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Diego A Scerbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Alvin D Pewa
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Emily M Cushing
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Michael C Dyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Chris Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Brandon S Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Richard K Shields
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Gary Patti
- Department of Chemistry, School of MedicineWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Leonid V Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
- FOEDRC Metabolomics Core Facility, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityUnited States
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20
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Kua KL, Hu S, Wang C, Yao J, Dang D, Sawatzke AB, Segar JL, Wang K, Norris AW. Fetal hyperglycemia acutely induces persistent insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:M1-M15. [PMID: 30444716 PMCID: PMC6494731 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Offspring exposed in utero to maternal diabetes exhibit long-lasting insulin resistance, though the initiating mechanisms have received minimal experimental attention. Herein, we show that rat fetuses develop insulin resistance after only 2-day continuous exposure to isolated hyperglycemia starting on gestational day 18. Hyperglycemia-induced reductions in insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation localized primarily to fetal skeletal muscle. The skeletal muscle of hyperglycemia-exposed fetuses also exhibited impaired in vivo glucose uptake. To address longer term impacts of this short hyperglycemic exposure, neonates were cross-fostered and examined at 21 days postnatal age. Offspring formerly exposed to 2 days late gestation hyperglycemia exhibited mild glucose intolerance with insulin signaling defects localized only to skeletal muscle. Fetal hyperglycemic exposure has downstream consequences which include hyperinsulinemia and relative uteroplacental insufficiency. To determine whether these accounted for induction of insulin resistance, we examined fetuses exposed to late gestational isolated hyperinsulinemia or uterine artery ligation. Importantly, 2 days of fetal hyperinsulinemia did not impair insulin signaling in murine fetal tissues and 21-day-old offspring exposed to fetal hyperinsulinemia had normal glucose tolerance. Similarly, fetal exposure to 2-day uteroplacental insufficiency did not perturb insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in fetal rats. We conclude that fetal exposure to hyperglycemia acutely produces insulin resistance. As hyperinsulinemia and placental insufficiency have no such impact, this occurs likely via direct tissue effects of hyperglycemia. Furthermore, these findings show that skeletal muscle is uniquely susceptible to immediate and persistent insulin resistance induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Lim Kua
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Shanming Hu
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Diana Dang
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alex B. Sawatzke
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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21
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Sun X, Yi Y, Liang B, Yang Y, He N, Ode KL, Uc A, Wang K, Gibson-Corley KN, Engelhardt JF, Norris AW. Incretin dysfunction and hyperglycemia in cystic fibrosis: Role of acyl-ghrelin. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:557-565. [PMID: 30738804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin secretion is insufficient in cystic fibrosis (CF), even before diabetes is present, though the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Acyl-ghrelin (AG) can diminish insulin secretion and is elevated in humans with CF. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that elevated AG contributes to reduced insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in CF ferrets. RESULTS Fasting AG was elevated in CF versus non-CF ferrets. Similar to its effects in other species, AG administration in non-CF ferrets acutely reduced insulin, increased growth hormone, and induced hyperglycemia. During oral glucose tolerance testing, non-CF ferrets had responsive insulin, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels and maintained normal glucose levels, whereas CF ferrets had insufficient responses and became hyperglycemic. Interestingly in wild-type ferrets, the acyl-ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 impaired glucose tolerance, and abolished insulin, GLP-1, and GIP responses during glucose tolerance testing. By contrast, in CF ferrets [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 improved glucose tolerance, enhanced the insulin-to-glucose ratio, but did not impact the already low GLP-1 and GIP levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a mechanism by which elevated AG contributes to CF hyperglycemia through inhibition of insulin secretion, an effect magnified by low GLP-1 and GIP. Interventions that lower ghrelin, ghrelin action, and/or raise GLP-1 or GIP might improve glycemia in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nan He
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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22
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Norris AW, Ode KL, Merjaneh L, Sanda S, Yi Y, Sun X, Engelhardt JF, Hull RL. Survival in a bad neighborhood: pancreatic islets in cystic fibrosis. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0468.R1. [PMID: 30759072 PMCID: PMC6675675 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), ductal plugging and acinar loss result in rapid decline of exocrine pancreatic function. This destructive process results in remodeled islets, with only a modest reduction in insulin producing β cells. However, β-cell function is profoundly impaired, with decreased insulin release and abnormal glucose tolerance being present even in infants with CF. Ultimately, roughly half of CF subjects develop diabetes (termed CF-related diabetes, CFRD). Importantly, CFRD increases CF morbidity and mortality via worsening catabolism and pulmonary disease. Current accepted treatment options for CFRD are aimed at insulin replacement, thereby improving glycemia as well as preventing nutritional losses and lung decline. CFRD is a unique form of diabetes with a distinct pathophysiology that is as yet incompletely understood. Recent studies highlight emerging areas of interest. First, islet inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration are common even in young children with CF and may contribute to β-cell failure. Second, controversy exists in the literature regarding the presence/importance of β-cell intrinsic functions of CFTR and its direct role in modulating insulin release. Third, loss of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) from pancreatic ductal epithelium, the predominant site of its synthesis, results in paracrine effects that impair insulin release. Finally, the degree of β-cell loss in CFRD does not appear sufficient to explain the deficit in insulin release. Thus, it may be possible to enhance the function of the remaining β cells using strategies such as targeting islet inflammation or ductal CFTR deficiency to effectively treat or even prevent CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Lina Merjaneh
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Srinath Sanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Rebecca L. Hull
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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24
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O'Malley Y, Rotti PG, Thornell IM, Vanegas Calderón OG, Febres-Aldana C, Durham K, Yao J, Li X, Zhu Z, Norris AW, Zabner J, Engelhardt JF, Uc A. Development of a polarized pancreatic ductular cell epithelium for physiological studies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018. [PMID: 29517421 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00043.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductular epithelial cells comprise the majority of duct cells in pancreas, control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion, but are difficult to grow as a polarized monolayer. Using NIH-3T3-J2 fibroblast feeder cells and a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, we produced well-differentiated and polarized porcine pancreatic ductular epithelial cells. Cells grown on semipermeable filters at the air-liquid interface developed typical epithelial cell morphology and stable transepithelial resistance and expressed epithelial cell markers (zona occludens-1 and β-catenin), duct cell markers (SOX-9 and CFTR), but no acinar (amylase) or islet cell (chromogranin) markers. Polarized cells were studied in Ussing chambers bathed in Krebs-Ringer [Formula: see text] solution at 37°C gassed with 5% CO2 to measure short-circuit currents ( Isc). Ratiometric measurement of extracellular pH was performed with fluorescent SNARF-conjugated dextran at 5% CO2. Cells demonstrated a baseline Isc (12.2 ± 3.2 μA/cm2) that increased significantly in response to apical forskolin-IBMX (∆ Isc: 35.4 ± 3.8 μA/cm2, P < 0.001) or basolateral secretin (∆ Isc: 31.4 ± 2.5 μA/cm2, P < 0.001), both of which increase cellular levels of cAMP. Subsequent addition of apical GlyH-101, a CFTR inhibitor, decreased the current (∆ Isc: 20.4 ± 3.8 μA/cm2, P < 0.01). Extracellular pH and [Formula: see text] concentration increased significantly after forskolin-IBMX (pH: 7.18 ± 0.23 vs. 7.53 ± 0.19; [Formula: see text] concentration, 14.5 ± 5.9 vs. 31.8 ± 13.4 mM; P < 0.05 for both). We demonstrate the development of a polarized pancreatic ductular epithelial cell epithelium with CFTR-dependent [Formula: see text] secretion in response to secretin and cAMP. This model is highly relevant, as porcine pancreas physiology is very similar to humans and pancreatic damage in the cystic fibrosis pig model recapitulates that of humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pancreas ductular epithelial cells control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion. Their function is critical because when CFTR is deficient in cystic fibrosis bicarbonate secretion is lost and the pancreas is damaged. Mechanisms that control pancreatic bicarbonate secretion are incompletely understood. We generated well-differentiated and polarized porcine pancreatic ductular epithelial cells and demonstrated feasibility of bicarbonate secretion. This novel method will advance our understanding of pancreas physiology and mechanisms of bicarbonate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia O'Malley
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Christopher Febres-Aldana
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Katelin Durham
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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25
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Rotti PG, Xie W, Poudel A, Yi Y, Sun X, Tyler SR, Uc A, Norris AW, Hara M, Engelhardt JF, Gibson-Corley KN. Pancreatic and Islet Remodeling in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Knockout Ferrets. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:876-890. [PMID: 29366680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), there is early destruction of the exocrine pancreas, and this results in a unique form of diabetes that affects approximately half of adult CF individuals. An animal model of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes has been developed in the ferret, which progresses through phases of glycemic abnormalities because of islet remodeling during and after exocrine destruction. Herein, we quantified the pancreatic histopathological changes that occur during these phases. There was an increase in percentage ductal, fat, and islet area in CF ferrets over time compared with age-matched wild-type controls. We also quantified islet size, shape, islet cell composition, cell proliferation (Ki-67), and expression of remodeling markers (matrix metalloprotease-7, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin). Pancreatic ducts were dilated with scattered proliferating cells and were surrounded by activated stellate cells, indicative of tissue remodeling. The timing of islet and duct proliferation, stellate cell activation, and matrix remodeling coincided with the previously published stages of glycemic crisis and inflammation. This mapping of remodeling events in the CF ferret pancreas provides insights into early changes that control glycemic intolerance and subsequent recovery during the evolution of CF pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ananta Poudel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Kang C, Xie L, Gunasekar SK, Mishra A, Zhang Y, Pai S, Gao Y, Kumar A, Norris AW, Stephens SB, Sah R. SWELL1 is a glucose sensor regulating β-cell excitability and systemic glycaemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29371604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion is initiated by activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) to trigger Ca2+-mediated insulin vesicle fusion with the β-cell plasma membrane. The firing of VGCC requires β-cell membrane depolarization, which is regulated by a balance of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing ionic currents. Here, we show that SWELL1 mediates a swell-activated, depolarizing chloride current (ICl,SWELL) in both murine and human β-cells. Hypotonic and glucose-stimulated β-cell swelling activates SWELL1-mediated ICl,SWELL and this contributes to membrane depolarization and activation of VGCC-dependent intracellular calcium signaling. SWELL1 depletion in MIN6 cells and islets significantly impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Tamoxifen-inducible β-cell-targeted Swell1 KO mice have normal fasting serum glucose and insulin levels but impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance; and this is further exacerbated in mild obesity. Our results reveal that β-cell SWELL1 modulates insulin secretion and systemic glycaemia by linking glucose-mediated β-cell swelling to membrane depolarization and activation of VGCC-triggered calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Susheel K Gunasekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Saachi Pai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yiwen Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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27
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Sun X, Yi Y, Xie W, Liang B, Winter MC, He N, Liu X, Luo M, Yang Y, Ode KL, Uc A, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF. CFTR Influences Beta Cell Function and Insulin Secretion Through Non-Cell Autonomous Exocrine-Derived Factors. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3325-3338. [PMID: 28977592 PMCID: PMC5659686 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although β-cell dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to diabetes, the mechanism by which the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel influences islet insulin secretion remains debated. We investigated the CFTR-dependent islet-autonomous mechanisms affecting insulin secretion by using islets isolated from CFTR knockout ferrets. Total insulin content was lower in CF as compared with wild-type (WT) islets. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was impaired in perifused neonatal CF islets, with reduced first, second, and amplifying phase secretion. Interestingly, CF islets compensated for reduced insulin content under static low-glucose conditions by secreting a larger fraction of islet insulin than WT islets, probably because of elevated SLC2A1 transcripts, increased basal inhibition of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP), and elevated basal intracellular Ca2+. Interleukin (IL)-6 secretion by CF islets was higher relative to WT, and IL-6 treatment of WT ferret islets produced a CF-like phenotype with reduced islet insulin content and elevated percentage insulin secretion in low glucose. CF islets exhibited altered expression of INS, CELA3B, and several β-cell maturation and proliferation genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of CFTR reduced GSIS by WT ferret and human islets but similarly reduced insulin secretion and intracellular Ca2+ in CFTR knockout ferret islets, indicating that the mechanism of action is not through CFTR. Single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization, on isolated ferret and human islets and ferret pancreas, demonstrated that CFTR RNA colocalized within KRT7+ ductal cells but not endocrine cells. These results suggest that CFTR affects β-cell function via a paracrine mechanism involving proinflammatory factors secreted from islet-associated exocrine-derived cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshen Sun
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yaling Yi
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Bo Liang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | | | - Nan He
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Meihui Luo
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yu Yang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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28
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Coryell WH, Langbehn DR, Norris AW, Yao JR, Dindo LN, Calarge CA. Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and childhood adversity: Independent correlates of depressive symptom persistence. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:305-311. [PMID: 28666200 PMCID: PMC6193447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood experiences, personality, and polyunsaturated essential fatty acid (PUFA) composition have all been shown to affect the likelihood of depressive symptoms. Few studies have addressed relationships between these factors in their influence on the occurrence or course of depressive symptoms. The following analysis was designed to do so. Subjects, 15-20 years old, had either begun antidepressant treatment within the preceding month (n = 88), or had never taken psychiatric medications (n = 92). Baseline assessments included a structured diagnostic interview, the self-completed Multiphasic Personality Questionnaire, and a determination of plasma PUFA phospholipid composition. Depressive symptom levels were assessed at baseline and again at 4, 8 and 12 months. Omega-3 composition and general childhood trauma scores were unrelated to each other but both correlated, in predicted directions, with negative emotionality. Low omega-3 composition and history of childhood trauma were associated with persistence of depressive symptoms during follow-up, largely through their effects on negative emotionality. Negative emotionality appears to comprise a final common pathway to depressive disorder through which the diverse risk factors of childhood adversity and low omega-3 composition are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 500 Newton Road, Suite 2-205 MEB, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1900, USA,Corresponding Author: University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Research, 500 Newton Road, Suite 2-205 MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1900, Phone: (319) 353-4434, Fax: (319) 353-3003
| | - Douglas R. Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 500 Newton Road, Suite 1-290 MEB, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1900, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 285 Newton Road, 1270B CBRB, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1900, USA
| | - Jian-Rong Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 285 N Road, 1270 CBRB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1900, USA.
| | - Lilian N. Dindo
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chadi A. Calarge
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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29
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Yi Y, Norris AW, Wang K, Sun X, Uc A, Moran A, Engelhardt JF, Ode KL. Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:974-980. [PMID: 27447840 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2518oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In cystic fibrosis, abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with decreased lung function and worsened outcomes. Translational evidence indicates that abnormal glucose tolerance may begin in early life. OBJECTIVES To determine whether very young children with cystic fibrosis have increased abnormal glucose tolerance prevalence compared with control subjects. The secondary objective was to compare area under the curve for glucose and insulin in children with cystic fibrosis with control subjects. METHODS This is a prospective multicenter study in children ages 3 months to 5 years with and without cystic fibrosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Oral glucose tolerance testing with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide was sampled at 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Twenty-three children with cystic fibrosis and nine control subjects had complete data. All control subjects had normal glucose tolerance. Nine of 23 subjects with cystic fibrosis had abnormal glucose tolerance (39%; P = 0.03). Of those, two met criteria for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, two indeterminate glycemia, and six impaired glucose tolerance. Children with cystic fibrosis failed to exhibit the normal increase in area under the curve insulin with age observed in control subjects (P < 0.01), despite increased area under the curve glucose (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal glucose tolerance is notably prevalent among young children with cystic fibrosis. Children with cystic fibrosis lack the normal increase in insulin secretion that occurs in early childhood despite increased glucose. These findings demonstrate that glycemic abnormalities begin very early in cystic fibrosis, possibly because of insufficient insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yi
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
| | - Andrew W Norris
- 2 Department of Pediatrics.,3 Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and
| | - Kai Wang
- 4 Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | | | | | - Antoinette Moran
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John F Engelhardt
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,3 Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- 2 Department of Pediatrics.,3 Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and
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30
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Stump M, Guo DF, Lu KT, Mukohda M, Cassell MD, Norris AW, Rahmouni K, Sigmund CD. Nervous System Expression of PPARγ and Mutant PPARγ Has Profound Effects on Metabolic Regulation and Brain Development. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4266-4275. [PMID: 27575030 PMCID: PMC5086539 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. Recent studies suggest PPARγ may mediate some of its metabolic effects through actions in the brain. We used a Cre-recombinase-dependent (using NestinCre) conditionally activatable transgene expressing either wild-type (WT) or dominant-negative (P467L) PPARγ to examine mechanisms by which PPARγ in the nervous system controls energy balance. Inducible expression of PPARγ was evident throughout the brain. Expression of 2 PPARγ target genes, aP2 and CD36, was induced by WT but not P467L PPARγ in the brain. Surprisingly, NesCre/PPARγ-WT mice exhibited severe microcephaly and brain malformation, suggesting that PPARγ can modulate brain development. On the contrary, NesCre/PPARγ-P467L mice exhibited blunted weight gain to high-fat diet, which correlated with a decrease in lean mass and tissue masses, accompanied by elevated plasma GH, and depressed plasma IGF-1, indicative of GH resistance. There was no expression of the transgene in the pancreas but both fasting plasma glucose, and fed and fasted plasma insulin levels were markedly decreased. NesCre/PPARγ-P467L mice fed either control diet or high-fat diet displayed impaired glucose tolerance yet exhibited increased sensitivity to exogenous insulin and increased insulin receptor signaling in white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. These observations support the concept that alterations in PPARγ-driven mechanisms in the nervous system play a role in the regulation of growth and glucose metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeliene Stump
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Deng-Fu Guo
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Martin D Cassell
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Medical Scientist Training Program (M.S., K.R., C.D.S.); Neuroscience Graduate Program (M.S.); Departments of Pharmacology (D.-F.G., K.-T.L., M.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Anatomy and Cell Biology (M.D.C.), and Pediatrics (A.W.N.); and University of Iowa Healthcare Center for Hypertension Research (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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31
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Yi Y, Sun X, Gibson-Corley K, Xie W, Liang B, He N, Tyler SR, Uc A, Philipson LH, Wang K, Hara M, Ode KL, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF. A Transient Metabolic Recovery from Early Life Glucose Intolerance in Cystic Fibrosis Ferrets Occurs During Pancreatic Remodeling. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1852-65. [PMID: 26862997 PMCID: PMC4870869 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes in humans is intimately related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, yet little is known about how these 2 disease processes simultaneously evolve in CF. In this context, we examined CF ferrets during the evolution of exocrine pancreatic disease. At 1 month of age, CF ferrets experienced a glycemic crisis with spontaneous diabetic-level hyperglycemia. This occurred during a spike in pancreatic inflammation that was preceded by pancreatic fibrosis and loss of β-cell mass. Surprisingly, there was spontaneous normalization of glucose levels at 2-3 months, with intermediate hyperglycemia thereafter. Mixed meal tolerance was impaired at all ages, but glucose intolerance was not detected until 4 months. Insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemic clamp and to arginine was impaired. Insulin sensitivity, measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, was normal. Pancreatic inflammation rapidly diminished after 2 months of age during a period where β-cell mass rose and gene expression of islet hormones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and adiponectin increased. We conclude that active CF exocrine pancreatic inflammation adversely affects β-cells but is followed by islet resurgence. We predict that very young humans with CF may experience a transient glycemic crisis and postulate that pancreatic inflammatory to adipogenic remodeling may facilitate islet adaptation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yi
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Katherine Gibson-Corley
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Bo Liang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Nan He
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Aliye Uc
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Kai Wang
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Manami Hara
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Anatomy and Cell Biology (Y.Y., X.S., W.X., B.L., N.H., S.R.T., J.F.E.), Departments of Pathology (K.G.-C.) and Pediatrics (A.U., K.L.O., A.W.N.), Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (A.W.N., J.F.E.), and Department of Biostatistics (K.W.), College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; and Department of Medicine (L.H.P., M.H.), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Morgan DA, McDaniel LN, Yin T, Khan M, Jiang J, Acevedo MR, Walsh SA, Ponto LLB, Norris AW, Lutter M, Rahmouni K, Cui H. Regulation of glucose tolerance and sympathetic activity by MC4R signaling in the lateral hypothalamus. Diabetes 2015; 64:1976-87. [PMID: 25605803 PMCID: PMC4439564 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) signaling mediates diverse physiological functions, including energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and autonomic activity. Although the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is known to express MC4Rs and to receive input from leptin-responsive arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons, the physiological functions of MC4Rs in the LHA are incompletely understood. We report that MC4R(LHA) signaling regulates glucose tolerance and sympathetic nerve activity. Restoring expression of MC4Rs specifically in the LHA improves glucose intolerance in obese MC4R-null mice without affecting body weight or circulating insulin levels. Fluorodeoxyglucose-mediated tracing of whole-body glucose uptake identifies the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) as a primary source where glucose uptake is increased in MC4R(LHA) mice. Direct multifiber sympathetic nerve recording further reveals that sympathetic traffic to iBAT is significantly increased in MC4R(LHA) mice, which accompanies a significant elevation of Glut4 expression in iBAT. Finally, bilateral iBAT denervation prevents the glucoregulatory effect of MC4R(LHA) signaling. These results identify a novel role for MC4R(LHA) signaling in the control of sympathetic nerve activity and glucose tolerance independent of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Latisha N McDaniel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Terry Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael R Acevedo
- Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Susan A Walsh
- Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Laura L Boles Ponto
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Gordon EE, Reinking BE, Hu S, Yao J, Kua KL, Younes AK, Wang C, Segar JL, Norris AW. Maternal Hyperglycemia Directly and Rapidly Induces Cardiac Septal Overgrowth in Fetal Rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:479565. [PMID: 26064981 PMCID: PMC4439465 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac septal overgrowth complicates 10-40% of births from diabetic mothers, but perplexingly hyperglycemia markers during pregnancy are not reliably predictive. We thus tested whether fetal exposure to hyperglycemia is sufficient to induce fetal cardiac septal overgrowth even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes. To isolate the effects of hyperglycemia, we infused glucose into the blood supply of the left but not right uterine horn in nondiabetic pregnant rats starting on gestational day 19. After 24 h infusion, right-sided fetuses and dams remained euglycemic while left-sided fetuses were moderately hyperglycemic. Echocardiograms in utero demonstrated a thickened cardiac septum among left-sided (glucose-exposed, 0.592 ± 0.016 mm) compared to right-sided (control, 0.482 ± 0.016 mm) fetuses. Myocardial proliferation was increased 1.5 ± 0.2-fold among left-sided compared to right-sided fetuses. Transcriptional markers of glucose-derived anabolism were not different between sides. However, left-sided fetuses exhibited higher serum insulin and greater JNK phosphorylation compared to controls. These results show that hyperglycemic exposure is sufficient to rapidly induce septal overgrowth even in the absence of the myriad other factors of maternal diabetes. This suggests that even transient spikes in glucose may incite cardiac overgrowth, perhaps explaining the poor clinical correlation of septal hypertrophy with chronic hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Reinking
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shanming Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kok L. Kua
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Areej K. Younes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- *Andrew W. Norris:
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Norris AW, Bahr TM, Scholz TD, Peterson ES, Volk KA, Segar JL. Angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular load regulates cardiac remodeling and related gene expression in late-gestation fetal sheep. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:689-696. [PMID: 24614802 PMCID: PMC4251591 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates fetal heart growth, although little is known regarding changes in cardiomyocyte endowment or the molecular pathways mediating the response. We measured cardiomyocyte proliferation and morphology in ANG II-treated fetal sheep and assessed transcriptional pathway responses in ANG II and losartan (an ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist) treated fetuses. METHODS In twin-gestation pregnant sheep, one fetus received ANG II (50 μg/kg/min i.v.) or losartan (20 mg/kg/d i.v.) for 7 d; noninstrumented twins served as controls. RESULTS ANG II produced increases in heart mass, cardiomyocyte area (left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle mononucleated and LV binucleated cells), and the percentage of Ki-67-positive mononucleated cells in the LV (all P < 0.05). ANG II and losartan produced generally opposing changes in gene expression, affecting an estimated 55% of the represented transcriptome. The most prominent significantly affected biological pathways included those involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and cell cycle activity. CONCLUSION ANG II produces an increase in fetal cardiac mass via cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and likely hyperplasia, involving transcriptional responses in cytoskeletal remodeling and cell cycle pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Timothy M. Bahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas D. Scholz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily S. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ken A. Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA,Corresponding Author: Jeffrey L. Segar, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Children's Hospital 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 319.356.7244 (phone) 319.356.4685 (facsimile)
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Baack ML, Wang C, Hu S, Segar JL, Norris AW. Hyperglycemia induces embryopathy, even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes: an in vivo test of the fuel mediated teratogenesis hypothesis. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 46:129-36. [PMID: 24721120 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic exposure to excess circulating fuels is proposed to underlie diabetic embryopathy. To isolate the effects of hyperglycemia from the many systemic anomalies of diabetes, we infused 4 mg/min glucose into the left uterine artery of non-diabetic pregnant rats on gestation days (GD) 7-9. Right-sided embryos and dams exhibited no glucose elevation. Embryos were assessed on GD13, comparing the left versus right uterine horns. Hyperglycemic exposure increased rates of embryopathy, resorptions, and worsened embryopathy severity. By contrast, saline infusion did not affect any of these parameters. To assess for possible embryopathy susceptibility bias between uterine horns, separate dams were given retinoic acid (25mg/kg, a mildly embryopathic dose) systemically on GD7.5. The resultant embryopathy rates were equivalent between uterine horns. We conclude that hyperglycemia, even in the absence of systemic maternal diabetes, is sufficient to produce in vivo embryopathy during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Baack
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shanming Hu
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Sui H, Yi Y, Yao J, Liang B, Sun X, Hu S, Uc A, Nelson DJ, Ode KL, Philipson LH, Engelhardt JF, Norris AW. Quantifying insulin sensitivity and entero-insular responsiveness to hyper- and hypoglycemia in ferrets. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90519. [PMID: 24594704 PMCID: PMC3940889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are an important emerging model of cystic fibrosis related diabetes. However, there is little documented experience in the use of advanced techniques to quantify aspects of diabetes pathophysiology in the ferret. Glycemic clamps are the gold standard technique to assess both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in humans and animal models of diabetes. We therefore sought to develop techniques for glycemic clamps in ferrets. To assess insulin sensitivity, we performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps in 5–6 week old ferrets in the anesthetized and conscious states. To assess insulin secretion, we performed hyperglycemic clamps in conscious ferrets. To evaluate responsiveness of ferret islet and entero-insular hormones to low glucose, a portion of the hyperglycemic clamps were followed by a hypoglycemic clamp. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps demonstrated insulin responsiveness in ferrets similar to that previously observed in humans and rats. The anesthetic isoflurane induced marked insulin resistance, whereas lipid emulsion induced mild insulin resistance. In conscious ferrets, glucose appearance was largely suppressed at 4 mU/kg/min insulin infusion, whereas glucose disposal was progressively increased at 4 and 20 mU/kg/min insulin. Hyperglycemic clamp induced first phase insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia induced a rapid diminishment of insulin, as well as a rise in glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels. The incretins GLP-1 and GIP were affected minimally by hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic clamp. These techniques will prove useful in better defining the pathophysiology in ferrets with cystic fibrosis related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Sui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America; Department of Histology and Embryology, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong, China
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shanming Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Lamping KG, Nuno DW, Coppey LJ, Holmes AJ, Hu S, Oltman CL, Norris AW, Yorek MA. Modification of high saturated fat diet with n-3 polyunsaturated fat improves glucose intolerance and vascular dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:144-52. [PMID: 22950668 PMCID: PMC3674571 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The ability of dietary enrichment with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to reverse glucose intolerance and vascular dysfunction resulting from excessive dietary saturated fatty acids is not resolved. We hypothesized that partial replacement of dietary saturated fats with n-3 PUFA-enriched menhaden oil (MO) would provide greater improvement in glucose tolerance and vascular function compared to n-6 enriched safflower oil (SO) or MUFA-enriched olive oil (OO). METHODS We fed mice a high saturated fat diet (HF) (60% kcal from lard) for 12 weeks before substituting half the lard with MO, SO or OO for an additional 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks, we assessed glucose tolerance, insulin signalling and reactivity of isolated pressurized gracilis arteries. RESULTS After 12 weeks of saturated fat diet, body weights were elevated and glucose tolerance was abnormal compared to mice on control diet (13% kcal lard). Diet substituted with MO restored basal glucose levels, glucose tolerance and indices of insulin signalling (phosphorylated Akt) to normal, whereas restoration was limited for SO and OO substitutions. Although dilation to acetylcholine was reduced in arteries from mice on HF, OO and SO diets compared to normal diet, dilation to acetylcholine was fully restored and constriction to phenylephrine was reduced in MO-fed mice compared to normal. CONCLUSION We conclude that short-term enrichment of an ongoing high fat diet with n-3 PUFA rich MO, but not MUFA rich OO or n-6 PUFA rich SO, reverses glucose tolerance, insulin signalling and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Lamping
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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Olivier AK, Yi Y, Sun X, Sui H, Liang B, Hu S, Xie W, Fisher JT, Keiser NW, Lei D, Zhou W, Yan Z, Li G, Evans TIA, Meyerholz DK, Wang K, Stewart ZA, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF. Abnormal endocrine pancreas function at birth in cystic fibrosis ferrets. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3755-68. [PMID: 22996690 DOI: 10.1172/jci60610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common comorbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) that worsens prognosis. The lack of an animal model for CF-related diabetes (CFRD) has made it difficult to dissect how the onset of pancreatic pathology influences the emergence of CFRD. We evaluated the structure and function of the neonatal CF endocrine pancreas using a new CFTR-knockout ferret model. Although CF kits are born with only mild exocrine pancreas disease, progressive exocrine and endocrine pancreatic loss during the first months of life was associated with pancreatic inflammation, spontaneous hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance. Interestingly, prior to major exocrine pancreas disease, CF kits demonstrated significant abnormalities in blood glucose and insulin regulation, including diminished first-phase and accentuated peak insulin secretion in response to glucose, elevated peak glucose levels following glucose challenge, and variably elevated insulin and C-peptide levels in the nonfasted state. Although there was no difference in lobular insulin and glucagon expression between genotypes at birth, significant alterations in the frequencies of small and large islets were observed. Newborn cultured CF islets demonstrated dysregulated glucose-dependent insulin secretion in comparison to controls, suggesting intrinsic abnormalities in CF islets. These findings demonstrate that early abnormalities exist in the regulation of insulin secretion by the CF endocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathology, College of Public Health, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Baack ML, Norris AW, Yao J, Colaizy T. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in US donor human milk: meeting the needs of premature infants? J Perinatol 2012; 32:598-603. [PMID: 22323096 PMCID: PMC3369002 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine fatty acid levels in the US donor milk supply. STUDY DESIGN Donor human milk samples from Iowa (n=62), Texas (n=5), North Carolina (n=5) and California (n=5) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Levels in the Iowa donor milk were compared before and after pasteurization using Student's t-test. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels were compared among all milk banks using analysis of variance. RESULT ARA (0.4 pre, 0.4 post, P=0.18) and DHA (0.073 pre, 0.073 post, P=0.84) were not affected by pasteurization. DHA varied between banks (P<0.0001), whereas ARA did not (P=0.3). DHA levels from all banks were lower than published values for maternal milk and infant formula (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Pasteurization of breastmilk does not affect DHA or ARA levels. However, DHA content in US donor milk varies with bank location and may not meet the recommended provision for preterm infants.
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Hu S, Yao J, Howe AA, Menke BM, Sivitz WI, Spector AA, Norris AW. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ decouples fatty acid uptake from lipid inhibition of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:977-88. [PMID: 22474127 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle, where it protects against adiposity and insulin resistance via unclear mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that PPARγ directly modulates skeletal muscle metabolism, we created two models that isolate direct PPARγ actions on skeletal myocytes. PPARγ was overexpressed in murine myotubes by adenotransfection and in mouse skeletal muscle by plasmid electroporation. In cultured myotubes, PPARγ action increased fatty acid uptake and incorporation into myocellular lipids, dependent upon a 154 ± 20-fold up-regulation of CD36 expression. PPARγ overexpression more than doubled insulin-stimulated thymoma viral proto-oncogene (AKT) phosphorylation during low lipid availability. Furthermore, in myotubes exposed to palmitate levels that inhibit insulin signaling, PPARγ overexpression increased insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis over 3-fold despite simultaneously increasing myocellular palmitate uptake. The insulin signaling enhancement was associated with an increase in activating phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 and a normalized expression of palmitate-induced genes that antagonize AKT phosphorylation. In vivo, PPARγ overexpression more than doubled insulin-dependent AKT phosphorylation in lipid-treated mice but did not augment insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We conclude that direct PPARγ action promotes myocellular storage of energy by increasing fatty acid uptake and esterification while simultaneously enhancing insulin signaling and glycogen formation. However, direct PPARγ action in skeletal muscle is not sufficient to account for the hypoglycemic actions of PPARγ agonists during lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanming Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Lamping KG, Nuno DW, Coppey LJ, Hu S, Oltman CL, Norris AW, Sivitz WI, Yorek MA. Modifying a high saturated fat diet with omega‐3 (n‐3) poly‐unsaturated fat improves vascular dysfunction and glucose intolerance. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.686.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Lamping
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Daniel W Nuno
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Lawrence J Coppey
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | | | - Christine L Oltman
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | | | - William I Sivitz
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Mark A Yorek
- Iowa City VA Health Care SystemIowa CityIA
- Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pharmacology Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Norris AW, Wang C, Yao J, Walsh SA, Sawatzke AB, Hu S, Sunderland JJ, Segar JL, Ponto LLB. Effect of insulin and dexamethasone on fetal assimilation of maternal glucose. Endocrinology 2011; 152:255-62. [PMID: 21084442 PMCID: PMC3219051 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing fetus depends upon transfer of glucose from maternal blood to fetal tissues. Insulin and glucocorticoid impact maternal glucose metabolism, but the effects of these hormones on fetal glucose assimilation in vivo are understudied. We thus used positron emission tomography imaging to determine the disposition of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in rats on gestational d 20, quantifying the kinetic competition of maternal tissues and fetus for glucose. Three fasting maternal states were studied: after 2-d dexamethasone (DEX), during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp insulin receiving (INS), and control (CON). In CON and DEX mothers, FDG accumulation in fetuses and placentae was substantial, rivaling that of maternal brain. By contrast, FDG accumulation was reduced in INS fetuses, placentae, and maternal brain by approximately 2-fold, despite no diminution in FDG extraction kinetics from maternal blood into these structures. The reduced FDG accumulation was due to more rapid clearance of FDG from the circulation in INS mothers, related to increased FDG avidity in INS select maternal tissues, including skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, and heart. DEX treatment of mothers reduced fetal weight by nearly 10%. Nonetheless, the accumulation of FDG into placentae and fetuses was similar in DEX and CON mothers. In our rat model, fetal growth restriction induced by DEX does not involve diminished glucose transport to the fetus. Maternal insulin action has little effect on the inherent avidity of the fetal-placental unit for glucose but increases glucose utilization by maternal tissues, thus indirectly reducing the glucose available to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Yao J, Wang C, Walsh SA, Hu S, Sawatzke AB, Dang D, Segar JL, Ponto LLB, Sunderland JJ, Norris AW. Localized fetomaternal hyperglycemia: spatial and kinetic definition by positron emission tomography. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12027. [PMID: 20700464 PMCID: PMC2917372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex but common maternal diseases such as diabetes and obesity contribute to adverse fetal outcomes. Understanding of the mechanisms involved is hampered by difficulty in isolating individual elements of complex maternal states in vivo. We approached this problem in the context of maternal diabetes and sought an approach to expose the developing fetus in vivo to isolated hyperglycemia in the pregnant rat. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We hypothesized that glucose infused into the arterial supply of one uterine horn would more highly expose fetuses in the ipsilateral versus contralateral uterine horn. To test this, the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was infused via the left uterine artery. Regional glucose uptake into maternal tissues and fetuses was quantified using positron emission tomography (PET). Upon infusion, FDG accumulation began in the left-sided placentae, subsequently spreading to the fetuses. Over two hours after completion of the infusion, FDG accumulation was significantly greater in left compared to right uterine horn fetuses, favoring the left by 1.9+/-0.1 and 2.8+/-0.3 fold under fasted and hyperinsulinemic conditions (p<10(-11) n=32-35 and p<10(-12) n=27-45) respectively. By contrast, centrally administered [3H]-2-deoxyglucose accumulated equally between the fetuses of the two uterine horns. Induction of significant hyperglycemia (10(3) mg/dL) localized to the left uterine artery was sustained for at least 48 hours while maternal euglycemia was maintained. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This approach exposes selected fetuses to localized hyperglycemia in vivo, minimizing exposure of the mother and thus secondary effects. Additionally, a set of less exposed internal control fetuses are maintained for comparison, allowing direct study of the in vivo fetal effects of isolated hyperglycemia. Broadly, this approach can be extended to study a variety of maternal-sided perturbations suspected to directly affect fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Walsh
- Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shanming Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alexander B. Sawatzke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Diana Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Laura L. B. Ponto
- Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John J. Sunderland
- Small Animal Imaging Core, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Norris AW, Hirshman MF, Yao J, Jessen N, Musi N, Chen L, Sivitz WI, Goodyear LJ, Kahn CR. Endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma augments fatty acid uptake in oxidative muscle. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5374-83. [PMID: 18653710 PMCID: PMC2584586 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the setting of insulin resistance, agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma restore insulin action in muscle and promote lipid redistribution. Mice with muscle-specific knockout of PPARgamma (MuPPARgammaKO) develop excess adiposity, despite reduced food intake and normal glucose disposal in muscle. To understand the relation between muscle PPARgamma and lipid accumulation, we studied the fuel energetics of MuPPARgammaKO mice. Compared with controls, MuPPARgammaKO mice exhibited significantly increased ambulatory activity, muscle mitochondrial uncoupling, and respiratory quotient. Fitting with this latter finding, MuPPARgammaKO animals compared with control siblings exhibited a 25% reduction in the uptake of the fatty acid tracer 2-bromo-palmitate (P < 0.05) and a 13% increase in serum nonesterified fatty acids (P = 0.05). These abnormalities were associated with no change in AMP kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, AMPK activity, or phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle and occurred despite increased expression of fatty acid transport protein 1. Palmitate oxidation was not significantly altered in MuPPARgammaKO mice despite the increased expression of several genes promoting lipid oxidation. These data demonstrate that PPARgamma, even in the absence of exogenous activators, is required for normal rates of fatty acid uptake in oxidative skeletal muscle via mechanisms independent of AMPK and fatty acid transport protein 1. Thus, when PPARgamma activity in muscle is absent or reduced, there will be decreased fatty acid disposal leading to diminished energy utilization and ultimately adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which function primarily as autocrine and paracrine mediators in the cardiovascular and renal systems, are synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases. They activate smooth muscle large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, producing hyperpolarization and vasorelaxation. EETs also have anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculature and kidney, stimulate angiogenesis, and have mitogenic effects in the kidney. Many of the functional effects of EETs occur through activation of signal transduction pathways and modulation of gene expression, events probably initiated by binding to a putative cell surface EET receptor. However, EETs are rapidly taken up by cells and are incorporated into and released from phospholipids, suggesting that some functional effects may occur through a direct interaction between the EET and an intracellular effector system. In this regard, EETs and several of their metabolites activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma, suggesting that some functional effects may result from PPAR activation. EETs are metabolized primarily by conversion to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), a reaction catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Many potentially beneficial actions of EETs are attenuated upon conversion to DHETs, which do not appear to be essential under routine conditions. Therefore, sEH is considered a potential therapeutic target for enhancing the beneficial functions of EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Spector
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Gesta S, Blüher M, Yamamoto Y, Norris AW, Berndt J, Kralisch S, Boucher J, Lewis C, Kahn CR. Evidence for a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6676-81. [PMID: 16617105 PMCID: PMC1458940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601752103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, especially central obesity, is a hereditable trait associated with a high risk for development of diabetes and metabolic disorders. Combined gene expression analysis of adipocyte- and preadipocyte-containing fractions from intraabdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice revealed coordinated depot-specific differences in expression of multiple genes involved in embryonic development and pattern specification. These differences were intrinsic and persisted during in vitro culture and differentiation. Similar depot-specific differences in expression of developmental genes were observed in human subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, in humans, several genes exhibited changes in expression that correlated closely with body mass index and/or waist/hip ratio. Together, these data suggest that genetically programmed developmental differences in adipocytes and their precursors in different regions of the body play an important role in obesity, body fat distribution, and potential functional differences between internal and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Gesta
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Janin Berndt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - Choy Lewis
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- *Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail:
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Norris AW, Kahn CR. Analysis of gene expression in pathophysiological states: balancing false discovery and false negative rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:649-53. [PMID: 16407153 PMCID: PMC1334678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-microarray technology, which allows the simultaneous measurement of the expression of tens of thousands of genes, has become an important tool in the study of disease. In disorders such as malignancy, gene expression often undergoes broad changes of sizable magnitude, whereas in many common multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, the changes in gene expression are modest. In the latter circumstance, it is therefore challenging to distinguish the truly changing from non-changing genes, especially because statistical significance must be considered in the context of multiple hypothesis testing. Here, we present a balanced probability analysis (BPA), which provides the biologist with an approach to interpret results in the context of the total number of genes truly differentially expressed and false discovery and false negative rates for the list of genes reaching any significance threshold. In situations where the changes are of modest magnitude, sole consideration of the false discovery rate can result in poor power to detect genes truly differentially expressed. Concomitant analysis of the rate of truly differentially expressed genes not identified, i.e., the false negative rate, allows balancing of the two error rates and a more thorough insight into the data. To this end, we have developed a unique, model-based procedure for the estimation of false negative rates, which allows application of BPA to real data in which changes are modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Norris
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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