1
|
Rajab SAS, Andersen LK, Kenter LW, Berlinsky DL, Borski RJ, McGinty AS, Ashwell CM, Ferket PR, Daniels HV, Reading BJ. Combinatorial metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of muscle growth in hybrid striped bass (female white bass Morone chrysops x male striped bass M. saxatilis). BMC Genomics 2024; 25:580. [PMID: 38858615 PMCID: PMC11165755 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding growth regulatory pathways is important in aquaculture, fisheries, and vertebrate physiology generally. Machine learning pattern recognition and sensitivity analysis were employed to examine metabolomic small molecule profiles and transcriptomic gene expression data generated from liver and white skeletal muscle of hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops x striped bass M. saxatilis) representative of the top and bottom 10 % by body size of a production cohort. RESULTS Larger fish (good-growth) had significantly greater weight, total length, hepatosomatic index, and specific growth rate compared to smaller fish (poor-growth) and also had significantly more muscle fibers of smaller diameter (≤ 20 µm diameter), indicating active hyperplasia. Differences in metabolomic pathways included enhanced energetics (glycolysis, citric acid cycle) and amino acid metabolism in good-growth fish, and enhanced stress, muscle inflammation (cortisol, eicosanoids) and dysfunctional liver cholesterol metabolism in poor-growth fish. The majority of gene transcripts identified as differentially expressed between groups were down-regulated in good-growth fish. Several molecules associated with important growth-regulatory pathways were up-regulated in muscle of fish that grew poorly: growth factors including agt and agtr2 (angiotensins), nicotinic acid (which stimulates growth hormone production), gadd45b, rgl1, zfp36, cebpb, and hmgb1; insulin-like growth factor signaling (igfbp1 and igf1); cytokine signaling (socs3, cxcr4); cell signaling (rgs13, rundc3a), and differentiation (rhou, mmp17, cd22, msi1); mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (ucp3, ucp2); and regulators of lipid metabolism (apoa1, ldlr). Growth factors pttg1, egfr, myc, notch1, and sirt1 were notably up-regulated in muscle of good-growing fish. CONCLUSION A combinatorial pathway analysis using metabolomic and transcriptomic data collectively suggested promotion of cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation in muscle of good-growth fish, whereas muscle inflammation and apoptosis was observed in poor-growth fish, along with elevated cortisol (an anti-inflammatory hormone), perhaps related to muscle wasting, hypertrophy, and inferior growth. These findings provide important biomarkers and mechanisms by which growth is regulated in fishes and other vertebrates as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A S Rajab
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 100 Eugene Brooks Avenue, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Linnea K Andersen
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 100 Eugene Brooks Avenue, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Linas W Kenter
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - David L Berlinsky
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Russell J Borski
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andrew S McGinty
- North Carolina State University, Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory, Aurora, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peter R Ferket
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Harry V Daniels
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 100 Eugene Brooks Avenue, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Benjamin J Reading
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, 100 Eugene Brooks Avenue, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- North Carolina State University, Pamlico Aquaculture Field Laboratory, Aurora, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snauwaert E, De Buyser S, Van Biesen W, Raes A, Glorieux G, Collard L, Van Hoeck K, Van Dyck M, Godefroid N, Walle JV, Eloot S. Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Impaired Height Velocity in (Pre)School Children. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1674-1683. [PMID: 38899199 PMCID: PMC11184389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth failure is considered the most important clinical outcome parameter in childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). Central to the pathophysiology of growth failure is the presence of a chronic proinflammatory state, presumed to be partly driven by the accumulation of uremic toxins. In this study, we assessed the association between uremic toxin concentrations and height velocity in a longitudinal multicentric prospective pediatric CKD cohort of (pre)school-aged children and children during pubertal stages. Methods In a prospective, multicentric observational study, a selection of uremic toxin levels of children (aged 0-18 years) with CKD stage 1 to 5D was assessed every 3 months (maximum 2 years) along with clinical growth parameters. Linear mixed models with a random slope for age and a random intercept for child were fitted for height (in cm and SD scores [SDS]). A piecewise linear association between age and height was assumed. Results Data analysis included data from 560 visits of 81 children (median age 9.4 years; 2/3 male). In (pre)school aged children (aged 2-12 years), a 10% increase in concurrent indoxyl sulfate (IxS, total) concentration resulted in an estimated mean height velocity decrease of 0.002 SDS/yr (P < 0.05), given that CKD stage, growth hormone (GH), bicarbonate concentration, and dietary protein intake were held constant. No significant association with height velocity was found in children during pubertal stages (aged >12 years). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that, especially IxS contributes to a lower height velocity in (pre)school children, whereas we could not find a role for uremic toxins with height velocity during pubertal stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Snauwaert
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Raes
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laure Collard
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, CHC Liège, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Hoeck
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Van Dyck
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Godefroid
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sunny Eloot
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Attia N, Moussa K, Altwaim A, Al-Agha AE, Amir AA, Almuhareb A. Tackling access and payer barriers for growth hormone therapy in Saudi Arabia: a consensus statement for the Saudi Working Group for Pediatric Endocrinology. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:387-399. [PMID: 38547465 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Prompt diagnosis and early treatment are key goals to optimize the outcomes of children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and attain the genetically expected adult height. Nonetheless, several barriers can hinder prompt diagnosis and treatment of GHD, including payer-related issues. In Saudi Arabia, moderate-to-severe short stature was reported in 13.1 and 11.7 % of healthy boys and girls, respectively. Several access and payer barriers can face pediatric endocrinologists during the diagnosis and treatment of GHD in Saudi Arabia. Insurance coverage policies can restrict access to diagnostic tests for GHD and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) due to their high costs and lack of gold-standard criteria. Some insurance policies may limit the duration of treatment with rhGH or the amount of medication covered per month. This consensus article gathered the insights of pediatric endocrinologists from Saudi Arabia to reflect the access and payer barriers to the diagnostic tests and treatment options of children with short stature. We also discussed the current payer-related challenges endocrinologists face during the investigations of children with short stature. The consensus identified potential strategies to overcome these challenges and optimize patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najya Attia
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, 4917 King Abdulaziz Medical City/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Altwaim
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- International Diabetes Care Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmoein Eid Al-Agha
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes Section, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giannuzzi D, Capra E, Bisutti V, Vanzin A, Marsan PA, Cecchinato A, Pegolo S. Methylome-wide analysis of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1805-1820. [PMID: 37939836 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind bovine mastitis is fundamental for improving the management of this disease, which continues to be of major concern for the dairy industry, especially in its subclinical form. Disease severity and progression depend on numerous aspects, such as livestock genetics, and the interaction between the causative agent, the host, and the environment. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms have proven to have a role in controlling the response of the animal to inflammation. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore genome-wide DNA methylation of milk somatic cells (SC) in healthy cows (n = 15) and cows affected by naturally occurring subclinical mastitis by Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 12) and Prototheca spp. (n = 11), to better understand the role of SC methylome in the host response to disease. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) were evaluated comparing: (1) Strep. agalactiae-infected versus healthy; (2) Prototheca-infected versus healthy, and (3) mastitis versus healthy and (4) Strep. agalactiae-infected versus Prototheca-infected. The functional analysis was performed at 2 levels. To begin with, we extracted differentially methylated genes (DMG) from promoter DMR, which were analyzed using the Cytoscape ClueGO plug-in. Coupled with this DMG-driven approach, all the genes associated with promoter-methylated regions were fed to the Pathifier algorithm. From the DMR analysis, we identified 1,081 hypermethylated and 361 hypomethylated promoter regions in Strep. agalactiae-infected animals, while 1,514 hypermethylated and 358 hypomethylated promoter regions were identified in Prototheca-infected animals, when compared with the healthy controls. When considering infected animals as a whole group (regardless of the pathogen), we found 1,576 hypermethylated and 460 hypomethylated promoter regions. Both pathogens were associated with methylation differences in genes involved in pathways related to meiosis, reproduction and tissue remodeling. Exploring the whole methylome, in subclinically infected cows we observed a strong deregulation of immune-related pathways, such as nuclear factor kB and toll-like receptors signaling pathways, and of energy-related pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, no evident pathogen-specific SC methylome signature was detected in the present study. Overall, we observed a clear regulation of host immune response driven by DNA methylation upon subclinical mastitis. Further studies on a larger cohort of animals are needed to validate our results and to possibly identify a unique SC methylome that signifies pathogen-specific alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - E Capra
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA CNR), 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - A Vanzin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - P Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mulat E, Tamiru D, Abate KH. Impact of indoor Air Pollution on the Linear growth of children in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:488. [PMID: 38365615 PMCID: PMC10870508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting in children is the term for reduced linear growth and development, which is frequently brought on by a persistently inadequate diet, recurrent infections and chronic diseases or poor health conditions. Apart from the classic covariates of stunting, which include diet and illness, the relative contribution of household air pollution to chronic nutrition conditions is least studied. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate the impact of household air pollution on the linear growth of under-five children in Jimma town, Ethiopia. METHODS A prospective cohort study was employed to collect data from 280 under-five children who lived in households using solid fuel (exposed group, n = 140) and clean fuel (unexposed group, n = 140). Height-for-age Z scores were compared in both groups over a 12-month follow-up period. The difference in differences estimators were used for comparison of changes in the height-for-age Z scores from baseline to end line in exposed and non-exposed groups. The independent effect of the use of solid fuels on height-for-age Z scores was analyzed through a multivariable linear regression model. Statistical Significances were declared at P < 0.05 and 95% CI level. RESULTS In an unadjusted model (Model 1), compared with the clean fuel type, the mean difference in the height-for-age Z score of children in households using solid fuel was lower by 0.54 (-0.54, 95% CI -0.97, -0.12, P = 0.011). The beta coefficient remained negative after adjusting for age and sex (Model 2 -0.543, 95% CI -1.373, -0.563) and sociodemographic variables (Model 3: -0.543, 95% CI -1.362, -0.575). In the final model (Model 4), which adjusted for wealth quantile, dietary practice, water, sanitation and hygiene status and household food insecurity access scale, the beta coefficient held the same and significant (beta: -0.543, 95% CI -1.357, -0.579, P < 0.001). Higher HAZ scores were observed among female child (β: = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.69), Child with father attended higher education (β: = 0.304 95%CI: 0.304, 95% CI 0.19, 0.41) as compared to male gender and those who did not attend a formal education, respectively. In contrast, child living in households with poor hygiene practices had lower HAZ score (β: -0.226, 95% CI: -0.449, -0.003), P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to indoor air pollution was inversely related to linear growth. Furthermore, sex, educational status and hygiene were found relevant predictors of linear growth. In such a setting, there is a need to step up efforts to design and implement public education campaigns regarding the health risks associated with exposure to household air pollution. Promoting improvements to kitchen ventilation and the use of improved cooking stoves, which will help to mitigate the detrimental effects of indoor air pollution on child growth impairment and its long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Mulat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Hassen Abate
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Putri RR, Danielsson P, Marcus C, Hagman E. Height and Growth Velocity in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Obesity Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e314-e320. [PMID: 37453086 PMCID: PMC10735311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pediatric obesity affects endocrine conditions, which may alter growth. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the effect of obesity severity and obesity treatment outcome on growth. METHODS This prospective cohort study included children (aged 3-18 years) enrolled in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS) (1998-2020). Obesity was categorized as class I and class II obesity. Obesity treatment outcome was measured as body mass index (BMI) z score changes and categorized into good (BMI z score reduction of ≥0.25), intermediate, and poor (increasing BMI z score). Height for age z score, final height, and growth velocity were compared between class I and class II obesity. Further, the effect of obesity treatment outcome on growth velocity during 2-year follow-up was assessed. RESULTS A total of 27 997 individuals (mean age 10.2 ± 3.6 years) were included. Individuals with class II obesity were on average taller than those with class I obesity during childhood. Among males, reduced growth spurt was observed in class I obesity, and even absent in class II obesity. Females exhibited a similar but less pronounced pattern. Good obesity treatment outcome yielded lower growth velocity at ages 3 to 9 years but higher growth velocity at ages 10 to 13 years compared to poor treatment outcome. CONCLUSION Obesity severity is positively associated with height and growth velocity in childhood. A hampered growth spurt during puberty should be anticipated, particularly in adolescents with severe obesity. Therefore no difference in final height between class I and class II obesity is expected. Successful obesity treatment does not harm, but rather normalizes, the growth velocity pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Resthie R Putri
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 57, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Danielsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 57, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 57, Sweden
| | - Emilia Hagman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 57, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bai X, Sun H, Jia L, Xu J, Zhang P, Zhang D, Gu Y, Chen B, Feng L. Chondrocyte targeting gold nanoparticles protect growth plate against inflammatory damage by maintaining cartilage balance. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100795. [PMID: 37766899 PMCID: PMC10519832 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage destruction caused by inflammation is a clinical challenge. Many studies have investigated cartilage destruction in adults, but little research was conducted on children. In this study, the protective effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the cartilage of children was realized by counteracting chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in a young mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced growth plate (GP) cartilage damage. Initially, engineered AuNPs can be efficiently absorbed by chondrocytes, approximately 20 times the amount absorbed by macrophages, resulting in a 29% ± 0.05% increase in chondrocyte viability. Then, AuNPs exposure significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and secretion of ECM degradation factors induced by LPS. Subsequently, AuNPs were applied to resist LPS-induced cartilage destruction in young mice. AuNPs inhibited the formation of gaps, without chondrocytes and extracellular matrix, between the proliferative and hypertrophy zones of the GP cartilage, and the gaps were noticeable in the LPS group. This finding can be attributed to the capability of AuNPs to reduce the LPS-induced apoptosis rate of mouse chondrocytes by 72.38% and the LPS-induced ECM degradation rate by 70.89%. Further analysis demonstrated that remission is partly due to AuNPs' role in maintaining the balance of catabolic and anabolic factors in the ECM. Altogether, these findings indicate that AuNPs can partially protect the cartilage of children from inflammatory damage by suppressing chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Clinical Applied Biomechanics, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lina Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Clinical Applied Biomechanics, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H, Mohtashami B, Dehghan-Banadaky M, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, Ghaffari MH. Effects of fat source in calf starter on growth performance, blood fatty acid profiles, and inflammatory markers during cold season. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18627. [PMID: 37903888 PMCID: PMC10616091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of different fat sources in calf starters on growth performance, health, blood fatty acid profiles, and inflammatory markers during the cold season in dairy calves. A total of 48 Holstein calves (24 males and 24 females) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 starter diets throughout the experiment (d 3 to 65): (1) no supplemented fat (CON), (2) 3% calcium-salts of soybean oil (Ca-SBO), (3) 3% calcium-salts of fish oil (Ca-FO), and (4) 3% mixture of Ca-SBO and Ca-FO (1.5% each, DM basis; MIX). Calves were given free access to starter feed and water and were raised individually in pens from 3 to 65 d of age. Calves fed Ca-SBO consumed a greater proportion of n-6 FA, while calves fed Ca-FO consumed a greater level of n-3 FA compared to the other dietary treatments. Fat supplementation increased the intake of linoleic acid, the major n-6 FA, with the greater intake observed in the Ca-SBO group compared to the other dietary treatments. Calves fed the Ca-FO and MIX diets consumed more long-chain n-3 FA than the other diets. In addition, calves fed Ca-SBO and Ca-FO diets consumed more starter feed and total dry matter than calves fed MIX and CON throughout the experiment (d 3 to 65). Calves fed Ca-FO had higher average daily gain throughout the trial (d 3 to 65) than the other treatment groups. Of all treatment groups, calves fed Ca-FO achieved the highest final body weight and showed the greatest feed efficiency. Random forest analysis revealed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid were the serum levels of FA most affected by the diets. The principal component analysis of blood FA profile, blood parameters, and inflammatory markers showed distinct differences between dietary treatments. Calves fed Ca-SBO had higher plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, while calves fed Ca-FO had higher plasma concentrations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA than the other treatment groups. Plasma inflammatory markers were lower in calves fed Ca-FO and higher in calves fed CON than in the other treatment groups. The Ca-FO group had lower levels of inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interferon-γ, haptoglobin, and interleukin-6 compared to the other experimental treatments. Also, the blood malondialdehyde levels, an indicator of oxidative stress, were lower in calves fed Ca-FO compared with calves fed the other treatment diets. In conclusion, the performance of preweaned dairy calves can be improved by adding fat to their starter feed under cold conditions. Overall, the type of fat in milk may affect growth and inflammation of dairy calves before weaning under cold conditions, with n-3 FA (Ca-FO) promoting growth and reducing inflammation more effectively than n-6 FA (Ca-SBO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - B Mohtashami
- Department of Animal Science, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - M Dehghan-Banadaky
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 3158777871, Iran
| | - M Kazemi-Bonchenari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miao J, Lai P, Wang K, Fang G, Li X, Zhang L, Jiang M, Bao Y. Characteristics of intestinal microbiota in children with idiopathic short stature: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:4537-4546. [PMID: 37522979 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic short stature (ISS) accounts for more than 70% of childhood short stature cases, with an undefined etiology and pathogenesis, leading to limited treatment. However, recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota may be associated with ISS. This study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota in children with ISS, effect of treatment with growth hormones, and association between specific bacterial species and ISS. This study enrolled 55 children, comprising 40 diagnosed with ISS at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University, and 15 healthy controls. The subjects with ISS were divided into the untreated ISS group (UISS group, 22 children who had not been treated with recombinant human growth hormone [rhGH]), treated ISS group (TISS group, 18 children treated with rhGH for 1 year), and control group (NC group, 15 healthy children). High-throughput sequencing was used to determine the intestinal microbiota characteristics. Higher abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Agathobacter and Roseburia were found in the UISS and TISS groups than in the control group, whereas Bifidobacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Romboutsia were less abundant. The composition of intestinal microbiota in the UISS and TISS groups was almost identical, except for Prevotella. The TISS group had significantly lower levels of Prevotella than did the UISS group, which were closer to those of the NC group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the abundances of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Subdoligranulum were effective in differentiating between the UISS and NC groups. CONCLUSION Alterations in intestinal microbiota may be associated with ISS. Specific bacterial species, such as Prevotella, may be potential diagnostic markers for ISS. WHAT IS KNOWN • ISS is associated with the GH-IGF-1 axis. • Recent studies indicated an association between the GH-IGF-1 axis and intestinal microbiota. WHAT IS NEW • Children with ISS showed alterations in intestinal microbiota, with a relative increase in the abundance of gut inflammation-related bacteria. • The relative abundances of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Subdoligranulum may serve as potential diagnostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panjian Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Linqian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunguang Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University and Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cuestas E, Hillman M, Galetto S, Gaido MI, Sobh V, Damico LT, Rizzotti A. Inflammation induces stunting by lowering bone mass via GH/IGF-1 inhibition in very preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1136-1144. [PMID: 36941338 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained systemic inflammatory response (SIR) was associated with poor postnatal growth in very preterm infants (VPI). We hypothesize that VPI with sustained SIR will exhibit linear growth retardation related to lower bone mass accrual mediated by GH/IGF-1 axis inhibition at term corrected age (CA). METHODS C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, anthropometric, nutritional, neonatal and maternal data were collected prospectively in 23 infants <32 weeks gestational age. Body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at term CA. Analysis was undertaken with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS At term CA 11 infants with sustained SIR compared with 12 infants without sustained SIR present significantly lower IGF-1, length z-score (LZS), bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass (LM), and higher GH and fat mass (FM). LZS was associated significantly with PCT, BMC with IGF-1, FM and LM with CRP, GH with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and CRP, and IGF-1 with invasive mechanical ventilation, CRP and PCT. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known effect on linear growth failure, sustained SIR induces lower bone mass accrual related to higher GH and lower IGF-1 levels in VPI. IMPACT Very preterm infants (VPI) with sustained systemic inflammatory response (SIR) compared with VPI without SIR present stunting, lower bone mass, higher GH and lower IGF-1 levels at term corrected age. SIR may help to explain the influence of non-nutritional factors on growth and body composition in VPI. SIR induces postnatal stunting related to lower bone mass accrual via GH/IGF-1 axis inhibition in VPI. VPI with SIR need special attention to minimize inflammatory stress, which could result in improved postnatal growth. Research on inflammatory-endocrine interactions involved in the pathophysiology of postnatal stunting is needed as a basis for new interventional approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cuestas
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Hillman
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Galetto
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Gaido
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Sobh
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Conci-Carpinella, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Alina Rizzotti
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xing T, Xu Y, Li J, Wen L, Xu Q, Liang W, Liang P, Liu Y, Tan R, Liu Y, Zhong X. Associations between insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score and overall nutritional parameters in patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2257-2266. [PMID: 36853448 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between insulin-like growth factor-1 and nutritional status indicators in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS Patients undergoing MHD for > 3 months were included in this single-center cross-sectional study in March 2021. Clinical, demographic, and body mass data and blood samples were collected before the hemodialysis sessions. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay, and serum IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) was calculated for MHD patients according to age and sex. The nutritional status of patients was assessed using serum albumin, serum prealbumin, handgrip strength, pinching strength, upper arm muscle circumference, lean body mass, phase angle, seven-point subjective global assessment (SGA) score, and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). The patients were divided into groups according to tertiles of serum IGF-1 SDS levels. Spearman correlation analyses and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between serum IGF-1 SDS and nutritional status parameters. RESULTS A total of 155 MHD patients (male: female = 90:65) were enrolled in the study, with a median dialysis vintage of 28.0 (11.0, 55.0) months, and an average age of 66 (65.5 ± 13.0) years. The median of IGF-1 SDS was - 0.1 (- 0.6 to 0.6). Compared to patients with higher IGF-1 SDSs, patients with lower IGF-1 SDSs had lower levels of serum ceruloplasmin (341.0 [287.5, 416.0] vs 395.0 [327.0, 451.0] vs 409.0 [349.5, 507.5], p = 0.002), serum albumin (34.7 ± 3.0 vs 37.0 ± 3.1 vs 37.8 ± 2.6, p < 0.001), serum prealbumin (270.3 [233.7, 327.8] vs 326.0 [279.3, 355.6] vs 363.0 [324.2, 398.2], p < 0.001), handgrip strength (13.8 [10.0, 20.7] vs 17.7 [10.7, 22.5] vs 23.3 [16.6, 27.8], p < 0.001), pinch strength (4.6 [3.9, 6.0] vs 4.9 (3.9, 6.9) vs 6.5 [4.7, 8.7], p = 0.002), phase angle (3.3 [3.0, 3.8] vs 3.9 [3.4, 4.7] vs 4.3 [3.6, 5.2, p < 0.001), modified Creatinine Index (83.1 ± 19.7 vs 93.1 ± 23.4 vs 113.9 ± 24.3, p < 0.001), intracellular water (14.5 ± 4.4 vs 16.1 ± 4.9 vs 16.9 ± 4.4, p = 0.031), higher extracellular water (26.9 ± 5.8 vs 25.7 ± 5.5 vs 25.1 ± 3.1, p = 0.042), and higher malnutrition risk as defined by GNRI (49.0% vs 15.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001) and SGA (53.9% vs 23.5% vs 7.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower IGF-1 SDSs are independently associated with higher malnutrition risk in patients with MHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xing
- Clinical Collage of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luona Wen
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongshao Tan
- Clinical Collage of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Street ME. Obesity, Inflammation, Growth, and Metabolism: Evolution of Understanding and Evolving Functions of Old and New Peptides. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3913. [PMID: 37373607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known low-grade chronic inflammatory disease that leads to metabolic derangements, cardiovascular complications, changes in growth, timing of puberty, bone formation, and changes in the ability to face infection [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gabain IL, Ramsteijn AS, Webster JP. Parasites and childhood stunting - a mechanistic interplay with nutrition, anaemia, gut health, microbiota, and epigenetics. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:167-180. [PMID: 36707340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Globally, stunting affects approximately 149.2 million children under 5 years of age. The underlying aetiology and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to stunting remain elusive, and therefore few effective treatment and prevention strategies exist. Crucial evidence directly linking parasites to stunting is often lacking - in part due to the complex nature of stunting, as well as a lack of critical multidisciplinary research amongst key age groups. Here, based on available studies, we present potential mechanistic pathways by which parasitic infection of mother and/or infant may lead to childhood stunting. We highlight the need for future multidisciplinary longitudinal studies and clinical trials aimed at elucidating the most influential factors, and synergies therein, that can lead to stunting, and ultimately towards finding solutions to successfully mitigate against it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel L Gabain
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; London Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, W2 1NY, UK.
| | | | - Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; London Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, W2 1NY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Sun Q, Li H, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang Z. Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in patients with chronic insomnia disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1102642. [PMID: 37151979 PMCID: PMC10160412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a crucial neurotrophin that is produced in the brain and periphery and may play an important role in insomnia and mood disorders. We aimed to analyze its serum concentrations in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). Methods Patients with CID were enrolled in this study and divided into the CID group [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score < 10] and the CID with anxiety group (GAD-7 score ≥ 10). Age-and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality and the GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess emotional status. All subjects were monitored via polysomnography, and the serum IGF-1 concentrations in their peripheral blood were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results We enrolled 65 patients with CID (of whom 35 had anxiety) and 36 controls. The PSQI score and IGF-1 concentration in the CID and CID with anxiety groups were higher than those in the control group. The apparent difference in IGF-1 concentration between the CID and CID with anxiety groups was not statistically significant. The IGF-1 concentration in patients with CID was linearly correlated with the GAD-7 score, PSQI score, and stage 3 non-rapid eye movement (stage N3) time. Conclusion The serum IGF-1 concentration in patients with CID was lower than that of participants without CID, negatively correlated with anxiety score and sleep quality, and positively correlated with stage N3 time.
Collapse
|
15
|
Urlacher SS, Kim EY, Luan T, Young LJ, Adjetey B. Minimally invasive biomarkers in human and non-human primate evolutionary biology: Tools for understanding variation and adaptation. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23811. [PMID: 36205445 PMCID: PMC9787651 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs - physiological biomarkers obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and medicine over the past several decades. The MIB approach is a methodological strength in the field of human and non-human primate evolutionary biology (HEB). Among humans and our closest relatives, MIBs provide unique opportunities to document phenotypic variation and to operationalize evolutionary hypotheses. AIMS This paper overviews the use of MIBs in HEB. Our objectives are to (1) highlight key research topics which successfully implement MIBs, (2) identify promising yet under-investigated areas of MIB application, and (3) discuss current challenges in MIB research, with suggestions for advancing the field. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A range of MIBs are used to investigate focal topics in HEB, including energetics and life history variation/evolution, developmental plasticity, and social status and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, we identify gaps in existing MIB research on traits such as physical growth and gut function that are central to the field. Several challenges remain for HEB research using MIBs, including the need for additional biomarkers and methods of assessment, robust validations, and approaches that are standardized across labs and research groups. Importantly, researchers must provide better support for adaptation and fitness effects in hypothesis testing (e.g., by obtaining complementary measures of energy expenditure, demonstrating redundancy of function, and performing lifetime/longitudinal analyses). We point to continued progress in the use of MIBs in HEB to better understand the past, present, and future of humans and our closest primate relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of AnthropologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Child and Brain Development ProgramCIFARTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Y. Kim
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Department of BiologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Tiffany Luan
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Lauren J. Young
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Brian Adjetey
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The role of environmental enteric dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Schistosoma mansoni-associated morbidity in school-aged children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010837. [PMID: 36197916 PMCID: PMC9576041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have implicated schistosomiasis as a cause of intestinal barrier disruption, a salient feature of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), as eggs translocate from the sterile bloodstream through the gut wall. We examined the longitudinal impact of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment on a) EED biomarkers and b) Insulin growth factor I (IGF-1), a key driver of childhood linear growth, since EED has been implicated in linear growth stunting. Methodology 290 children infected with S. mansoni in Brazil were treated with PZQ at baseline. EED biomarkers lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and intestinal fatty acid binding-protein (I-FABP) were measured, as well as IGF-1 at baseline, 6 and 12-months. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to assess associations between S. mansoni intensity and plasma biomarkers (LPS, I-FABP, and IGF-1), controlling for potential confounding variables. Principal findings At baseline, S. mansoni infection intensities were 27.2% light, 46.9% moderate, and 25.9% heavy. LPS concentrations were significantly reduced at the 12-month visit compared to baseline (p = 0.0002). No longitudinal changes were observed for I-FABP or IGF-1 in the 6- or 12-month periods following baseline treatment. After 6-months, I-FABP concentration was significantly higher in high vs low intensity (p = 0.0017). IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower among children with high and moderate vs low intensity infections at each study visit. Conclusions/significance We report that S. mansoni infection impacts LPS, I-FABP and IGF-1. These findings suggest a mechanistic role for EED in schistosomiasis-related morbidities, particularly linear growth. Schistosoma mansoni is a tropical parasitic infection that causes intestinal schistosomiasis. In infected humans, the parasite worms shed eggs that migrate across the gut barrier, which damages intestinal structure and function. In children, intestinal schistosomiasis leads to anemia, undernutrition, and linear growth stunting. The mechanistic pathways between schistosomiasis and stunting are not fully understood, but this research explores the role of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in schistosomiasis-related morbidity. EED is an intestinal condition that affects children living in areas of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene and also leads to impaired growth and stunting. In a longitudinal cohort of Brazilian children infected with S. mansoni, we measured blood biomarkers of EED and linear growth at three time points over 12 months. All of the children were treated for schistosomiasis at baseline, and after 12 months, we observed a significant decrease in a marker of EED, suggesting improvement in gut integrity. We also found that children who had higher parasite egg burden at the baseline visit had lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, a hormone that drives growth in children. Our findings suggest that EED may play a role in schistosomiasis-related stunting and furthers our understanding for S. mansoni pathogenesis in children.
Collapse
|
17
|
Auxological and Endocrinological Features in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144041. [PMID: 35887806 PMCID: PMC9323690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations that lead to deficient or dysfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteins. Patients typically present malnutrition resulting from the malabsorption of fundamental nutrients and recurring lung infections, with a progressive worsening of the respiratory function. For these reasons, the clinical management of CF requires a multidisciplinary team. From an endocrinological point of view, patients often present major complications, such as diabetes, bone disease, thyroid disorders, delayed growth and puberty, hypogonadism and infertility, which negatively affect their quality of life and, in some cases, significantly reduce life expectancy. These complications can arise as a direct result of CFTR dysfunction and/or as a consequence of a deterioration in the function of the organs affected. The objective of this review is to analyze all the possible endocrinological complications that can occur in patients with CF by evaluating the most recent papers in the literature.
Collapse
|
18
|
Isa HM, Mohamed MS, Alahmed FA, Mohamed AM. Linear Growth Impairment in Patients With Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e26562. [PMID: 35967138 PMCID: PMC9362837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Linear growth impairment (LGI) is one of the complications of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to assess the linear growth of patients with pediatric IBD and to detect the frequency and the possible risk factors of LGI. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records of patients with pediatric IBD was conducted in the pediatrics department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, from 1984 to 2019. Demographic and anthropometric data were gathered. World Health Organization (WHO) standards and references were used to define LGI. According to WHO, stunting and severe stunting were defined as length/height for age of <-2 standard deviations and <-3 standard deviations from age and sex-specific reference means, respectively. To determine the possible risk factors for LGI, stunted patients were compared with normal height patients in regard to demographic data, clinical presentations, and treatment used. Results Out of 130 patients with pediatric IBD, 88 (67.7%) had anthropometric data available. Fifty-five (62.5%) were males. Forty-seven (53.4%) had Crohn’s disease and 41 (46.6%) had ulcerative colitis. The mean age at presentation was 10.7±3.8 years. The median age at the time of growth measurement was 14.2 (interquartile range=12.1-24.4) years. Fifteen (17%) patients were stunted, and seven (46.7%) of those stunted patients were severely stunted. Weight at presentation was lower in stunted patients (21.6±5.9 kilograms) compared to normal height patients (31±13.4 kilogram) (p=0.048). Sex, delivery type, birth weight, height at presentation, age at presentation, age at growth measurements, IBD type, disease duration, presence of extraintestinal manifestations, and prednisolone and biologic therapy use were not significant factors of stunting. Conclusion Patients with pediatric IBD have a high prevalence of LGI compared to the general population. Low weight at disease presentation is the only significant risk factor for LGI. This might indicate that IBD as a disease by itself is having the main negative impact on linear growth.
Collapse
|
19
|
Late Endocrine Effects after Stem Cell Transplant in a Young Girl with Griscelli Syndrome. Case Rep Pediatr 2022; 2021:9981306. [PMID: 34987878 PMCID: PMC8723881 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9981306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare disorder characterized by partial albinism and silver hair with alteration in genes necessary for melanin transport. Type 2 GS is fatal due to severe immunodeficiency without curative stem cell transplant (SCT). Late endocrinopathies are quite common in other disorders after SCT. These complications have not been reported in GS. Case Presentation. A 7-year-old female presented for growth failure with a history of GS status post curative SCT and consequently developed graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). She also had a history of eosinophilic enterocolitis, for which she was taking supraphysiologic glucocorticoids for the past year. She presented with severe short stature along with mild hyperthyroxinemia with subsequent diagnosis of Graves' disease, which was treated with methimazole. GH therapy was commenced due to persistent growth failure, with a robust increase in growth parameters. She started spontaneous puberty; however, initial biochemical evaluation revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with undetectable anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) consistent with low ovarian reserve and premature ovarian failure. Discussion. Growth failure was multifactorial due to her inflammatory condition and poor weight gain from multiple underlying illnesses, including hyperthyroidism, as well as chronic supraphysiologic glucocorticoid use. Although hypothyroidism is more commonly seen after SCT, rare cases of hyperthyroidism have been reported. In addition to SCTs, GvHD and GS have been associated with autoimmune conditions. It is important to monitor pubertal progression as the majority of those treated with alkylating agents prior to SCT have pubertal and ovarian failure and remain at risk for premature menopause.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilson K, Usami Y, Hogarth D, Scheiber AL, Tian H, Oichi T, Wei Y, Qin L, Otsuru S, Toyosawa S, Iwamoto M, Abzug JM, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Analysis of Association between Morphometric Parameters of Growth Plate and Bone Growth of Tibia in Mice and Humans. Cartilage 2021; 13:315S-325S. [PMID: 31997656 PMCID: PMC8804827 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519900800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study are to evaluate which growth plate parameters are associated with bone growth in mice and to compare the mouse results with those in humans. DESIGN The sagittal sections of the proximal growth plate of the mouse tibia from neonate to young adult stages were subjected to histomorphometric and functional analyses. The radiographic images of tibias of human patients until puberty were analyzed to obtain the tibia length and the proximal growth plate height. It was found that a linear correlation best modeled the relationship between the growth plate variables with the tibia growth rate and length. RESULTS In mice, total height, resting zone height, combined height of the proliferation and prehypertrophic zones, proliferation activity, and the total width of tibia growth plate showed high linear correlation with tibia bone length and bone growth rate, but the hypertrophic zone height and the growth plate area did not. In both mice and humans, the total growth plate width of tibia was found to have the strongest correlation with tibia length and growth rate. CONCLUSIONS The results validated that growth plate total height, the height of the resting zone and cell proliferation activity are appropriate parameters to evaluate the balance between growth plate activity and bone growth in mice, consistent with previous reports. The study also provided a new growth plate parameter candidate, growth plate width for growth plate activity evaluation in both mouse and human tibia bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka
University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Danielle Hogarth
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda L. Scheiber
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongying Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takeshi Oichi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulong Wei
- Mckay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Mckay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka
University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua M. Abzug
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto, Department of
Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 20 Penn
Street, HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alaaraj N, Soliman A, Rogol AD. Growth of malnourished infants and children: how is inflammation involved? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:213-216. [PMID: 34289758 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1956903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Alaaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Ashraf Soliman
- Alexandria University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alan D Rogol
- University of Virginia, Department of Pediatrics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reis LC, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Araujo FN, Leal AF, Ozaki CY, Sevillano OR, Uscata BA, Goto H. Pleiotropic Effect of Hormone Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Immune Response and Pathogenesis in Leishmaniases. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6614475. [PMID: 34036108 PMCID: PMC8116165 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are diseases caused by several Leishmania species, and many factors contribute to the development of the infection. Because the adaptive immune response does not fully explain the outcome of Leishmania infection and considering that the initial events are crucial in the establishment of the infection, we investigated one of the growth factors, the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), found in circulation and produced by different cells including macrophages and present in the skin where the parasite is inoculated. Here, we review the role of IGF-I in leishmaniasis experimental models and human patients. IGF-I induces the growth of different Leishmania species in vitro and alters the disease outcome increasing the parasite load and lesion size, especially in L. major- and L. amazonensis-infected mouse leishmaniasis. IGF-I affects the parasite interacting with the IGF-I receptor present on Leishmania. During Leishmania-macrophage interaction, IGF-I acts on the arginine metabolic pathway, resulting in polyamine production both in macrophages and Leishmania. IGF-I and cytokines interact with reciprocal influences on their expression. IL-4 is a hallmark of susceptibility to L. major in murine leishmaniasis, but we observed that IGF-I operates astoundingly as an effector element of the IL-4. Approaching human leishmaniasis, patients with mucosal, disseminated, and visceral diseases presented surprisingly low IGF-I serum levels, suggesting diverse effects than parasite growth. We observed that low IGF-I levels might contribute to the inflammatory response persistence and delayed lesion healing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis and the anemia development in visceral leishmaniasis. We must highlight the complexity of infection revealed depending on the Leishmania species and the parasite's developmental stages. Because IGF-I exerts pleiotropic effects on the biology of interaction and disease pathogenesis, IGF-I turns up as an attractive tool to explore biological and pathogenic processes underlying infection development. IGF-I pleiotropic effects open further the possibility of approaching IGF-I as a therapeutical target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C. Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Fernanda N. Araujo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane F. Leal
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Y. Ozaki
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando R. Sevillano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardina A. Uscata
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Street ME. The Role of MicroRNAs in Influencing Body Growth and Development. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:7-15. [PMID: 31914447 DOI: 10.1159/000504669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Body growth and development are regulated among others by genetic and epigenetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that act at the post-transcriptional level, thereby exerting a strong influence on regulatory gene networks. Increasing studies suggest the importance of miRNAs in the regulation of the growth plate and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis during the life course in a broad spectrum of animal species, contributing to longitudinal growth. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in regulating growth in different in vitro and in vivo models acting on GH, GH receptor (GHR), IGFs, and IGF1R genes besides current knowledge in humans, and highlights that this regulatory system is of importance for growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Mother and Child, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
d’Angelo DM, Di Donato G, Breda L, Chiarelli F. Growth and puberty in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:28. [PMID: 33712046 PMCID: PMC7953722 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in children, with an annual incidence of 2-20 cases per 100,000 and a prevalence of 16-150 per 100,000. It is associated with several complications that can cause short-term or long-term disability and reduce the quality of life. Among these, growth and pubertal disorders play an important role. Chronic inflammatory conditions are often associated with growth failure ranging from slight decrease in height velocity to severe forms of short stature. The prevalence of short stature in JIA varies from 10.4% in children with polyarticular disease to 41% of patients with the systemic form, while oligoarthritis is mostly associated with localized excessive bone growth of the affected limb, leading to limb dissymmetry. The pathogenesis of growth disorders is multifactorial and includes the role of chronic inflammation, long-term use of corticosteroids, undernutrition, altered body composition, delay of pubertal onset or slow pubertal progression. These factors can exert a systemic effect on the GH/IGF-1 axis and on the GnRH-gonadotropin-gonadic axis, or a local influence on the growth plate homeostasis and function. Although new therapeutic options are available to control inflammation, there are still 10-20% of patients with severe forms of the disease who show continuous growth impairment, ending in a short final stature. Moreover, delayed puberty is associated with a reduction in the peak bone mass with the possibility of concomitant or future bone fragility. Monitoring of puberty and bone health is essential for a complete health assessment of adolescents with JIA. In these patients, an assessment of the pubertal stage every 6 months from the age of 9 years is recommended. Also, linear growth should be always evaluated considering the patient's bone age. The impact of rhGH therapy in children with JIA is still unclear, but it has been shown that if rhGH is added at high dose in a low-inflammatory condition, post steroids and on biologic therapy, it is able to favor a prepubertal growth acceleration, comparable with the catch-up growth response in GH-deficient patients. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis of puberty and growth disorders in children with JIA, which can help the pediatrician to properly and timely assess the presence of growth and pubertal disorders in JIA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Di Donato
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luciana Breda
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:469-475. [PMID: 33613096 PMCID: PMC7882400 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the immune system are complex, bidirectional, but not fully explained. Current reviews based on numerous studies have indicated that chronic inflammation could suppress the GH/IGF-1 axis via several mechanisms such as relative GH and/or IGF-1 insufficiency, peripheral resistance to GH and/or IGF-1 resulting from down-regulation of GH and IGF-1 receptors, disruption in the GH/IGF-1 signalling pathways, dysregulation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), reduced IGF bioavailability, and modified gene regulation due to changes in the microRNA system. It is well-known that relationships between the immune system and the GH/IGF-1 axis are mutual and GH as well as IGF-1 could modulate inflammatory response and the activity of systemic inflammation. Available data indicate that the GH/IGF-1 axis exerts both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), and interleukin-1b (IL-b) are some of the most significant factors, besides malnutrition, chronic stress, and prolonged use of glucocorticoids, which impair the activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis, and consequently lead to growth retardation in children suffering from childhood-onset chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the impact of chronic inflammation on the GH/IGF-1 axis and growth processes during childhood and adolescence, based on a number of experimental and human studies.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Potential Importance of MicroRNAs as Novel Indicators How to Manage Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis More Effectively. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9473508. [PMID: 33575364 PMCID: PMC7864733 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9473508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, noncoding sequences of ribonucleic acid called microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. As they draw increasing attention of rheumatologists, there is a growing body of evidence concerning specific molecules that may affect the long-term care of patients with inflammatory arthritides. Findings involving children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are still limited though. The aim of the study was to browse the available data on microRNAs which may be utilized as potential biomarkers helpful in diagnosing and monitoring JIA patients. The review contains a brief summary on the most studied sequences: miR-16, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223. It is complemented with other miRNAs possibly relevant for JIA (miR-145, miR-23b, miR-27a, and miR-204) and discussion on challenges for using miRNAs in pediatric rheumatology (particularly, issues regarding specificity of biomarkers and measurements involving synovial fluid).
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen Y, Gao H, Liu Q, Xie W, Li B, Cheng S, Guo J, Fang Q, Zhu H, Wang Z, Wang J, Li C, Zhang Y. Functional characterization of DLK1/MEG3 locus on chromosome 14q32.2 reveals the differentiation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1422-1439. [PMID: 33472171 PMCID: PMC7835058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent the neoplastic proliferation of the anterior pituitary gland. Transcription factors play a key role in the differentiation of PitNETs. However, for a substantial proportion of PitNETs, the etiology is poorly understood. According to the transcription data of 172 patients, we found the imprinting disorders of the 14q32.2 region and DLK1/MEG3 locus associated with the differentiation of PitNETs. DLK1/MEG3 locus promoted somatotroph differentiation and inhibited tumor proliferation in PIT1(+) patients, furthermore, the level of DLK1 played a critical role in the trend of somatotroph or lactotroph differentiation. Anti-DLK1 monoclonal antibody blockade or siMEG3 both indicated that the DLK1/MEG3 significantly promoted the synthesis and secretion of GH/IGF-1 and inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, loss of DLK1 activated the mTOR signaling pathway in high DLK1-expressing and PIT1(+) GH3 cell lines, a mild effect in the low DLK1-expressing and PIT1(+) MMQ cell lines and no effect in the PIT1(-) ATT20 cell line. These findings emphasize that expression at the DLK1/MEG3 locus plays a key role in the differentiation of PitNETs, especially somatotroph adenomas, and provide potential molecular target data for patient stratification and treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 830001, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Brain Tumor Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Altered GH-IGF-1 Axis in Severe Obese Subjects is Reversed after Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss and Related with Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082614. [PMID: 32806629 PMCID: PMC7463679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disorders are common in obesity, including altered somatotropic axis. Obesity is characterized by reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, although the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery in the GH–IGF-1 axis in extreme obesity, in order to investigate IGF-1 values and the mechanism responsible for the alteration of the GH–IGF-1 axis in obesity. We performed an interventional trial in morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. We included 116 patients (97 women) and 41 controls (30 women). The primary endpoint was circulating GH and IGF-1 values. Circulating IGF-1 values were lower in the obese patients than in the controls. Circulating GH and IGF-1 values increased significantly over time after surgery. Post-surgery changes in IGF-1 and GH values were significantly negatively correlated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and free T4 values. After adjusting for preoperative body mass index (BMI), free T4 and CRP in a multivariate model, only CRP was independently associated with IGF-1 values in the follow-up. In summary, severe obesity is characterized by a functional hyposomatotropism at central and peripheral level that is progressively reversible with weight loss, and low-grade chronic inflammation could be the principal mediator.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cirillo F, Catellani C, Lazzeroni P, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Vezzani C, Fulghesu AM, Madeddu E, Amarri S, Street ME. HMGB1 is increased in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and decreases after treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:588-593. [PMID: 32054355 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1725967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS treatment should be based on pathophysiology. High-mobility-group-box-1 (HMGB1) was shown to increase in PCOS patients as a consequence of reduced cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) expression in the ovary, and was associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, both features of PCOS. Inositols and ALA derivatives could have positive effects on insulin sensitivity, reduce androgens, and improve ovulation rhythm. The aim of this study was to verify changes in HMGB1, in metabolic and endocrine parameters in adolescents with PCOS compared with controls and after treatment with a combination of MYO + ALA. Twenty-three PCOS adolescents and 21 controls matched for age and BMI were enrolled. In all subjects, metabolic and hormonal parameters were assayed. Homeostatic index (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio were calculated. Ovarian volumes were evaluated. Patients were treated with MYO + ALA for 6 months. HMGB1 was measured using a specific ELISA assay. HMGB1 was increased in PCOS compared with controls (19.76 ± 5.99 versus 5.65 ± 1.88 ng/ml; p < .05) and normalized after treatment (2.27 ± 0.36 ng/ml, p < .05). Treatment significantly reduced insulin (24.0 ± 4.11 versus 12.13 ± 2.13 uU/ml), HOMA-IR (3.91 ± 0.41 versus 2.42 ± 0.45), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.20 ± 0.15 versus 0.78 ± 0.11 ng/ml). Cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, 17-β-estradiol, delta 4-androstenedione, and testosterone were unchanged. Circulating HMGB1 was increased in PCOS adolescents, and treatment was effective in normalizing HMGB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Vezzani
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fulghesu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Madeddu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria E Street
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
LPS-induced inflammation disorders bone modeling and remodeling by inhibiting angiogenesis and disordering osteogenesis in chickens. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:765-777. [PMID: 32444883 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a negative role in the growth and development of bone. However, the underlining mechanisms of inflammation caused abnormal bone development and even bone disease are still poorly understood, especially in chickens. In this study, we explored the influence of inflammation on bone formation in broilers for the first time by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish systemic inflammatory models in chickens with tibia as the research object. The measurements of production and tibial parameters showed an inefficient production performance and lower growth rate in LPS group. We also found a large amount of platelets, inflammatory cells in chickens' blood and higher levels of inflammatory factors in serum after LPS injection, meanwhile, increase in thrombus, chondrocyte nucleolysis, and osteoclasts and a reduction in blood vessels were observed in growth plate through histological observation. The qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, TLR4, TF, TPO, and its receptor C-MPL enhanced, while VEGFA was inhibited in LPS group. In addition, in OPG/RANKL system, OPG was decreased while RANKL enhanced. It was also observed that the mRNA levels of MMP-9 and its inducing factor CD147 enhanced in LPS group. The western blot results were basically in consistent with mRNA test. Thus, we infer that inflammation can inhibit bone modeling and remodeling by affecting angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and result in negative effect on bone formation furtherly.
Collapse
|
31
|
Guillán-Fresco M, Franco-Trepat E, Alonso-Pérez A, Jorge-Mora A, López-Fagúndez M, Pazos-Pérez A, Gualillo O, Gómez R. Caffeine, a Risk Factor for Osteoarthritis and Longitudinal Bone Growth Inhibition. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1163. [PMID: 32325753 PMCID: PMC7230935 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease, is mainly characterized by a progressive degradation of the hyaline articular cartilage, which is essential for correct joint function, lubrication, and resistance. Articular cartilage disturbances lead to joint failure, pain, and disability. Hyaline cartilage is also present in the growth plate and plays a key role in longitudinal bone growth. Alterations of this cartilage by diverse pathologies have been related to longitudinal bone growth inhibition (LBGI), which leads to growth retardation. Diet can play a crucial role in processes involved in the OA and LBGI's onset and evolution. Specifically, there is ample evidence pointing to the negative impacts of caffeine consumption on hyaline cartilage. However, its effects on these tissues have not been reviewed. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize all current knowledge in the PubMed database about caffeine catabolic effects on articular and growth plate cartilage. Specifically, we focus on the correlation between OA and LBGI with caffeine prenatal or direct exposure. Overall, there is ample evidence indicating that caffeine intake negatively affects the physiology of both articular and growth plate cartilage, increasing consumers predisposition to suffer OA and LBGI. As a result, caffeine consumption should be avoided for these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Miriam López-Fagúndez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Andrés Pazos-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research Laboratory 9, Institute of Medical Research, SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-F.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (A.J.-M.); (M.L.-F.); (A.P.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cystic fibrosis (CF) is commonly associated with compromised growth especially in severe cases when the pulmonary function (PFT) deteriorates. As growth optimization is an important aspect of CF management, this review will summarize the current knowledge on the prevalence of growth failure in CF patients, and focus on the mechanisms leading to poor growth, on the association of poor linear growth with reduced PFT and on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in CF patients. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the improvement in CF care in the last 2 decades, compromised linear growth is still quite prevalent. The pathophysiology of growth failure in CF is multifactorial. Malnutrition due to decreased energy intake increased energy expenditure and malabsorption of ingested nutrients secondary to pancreatic insufficiency, all probably play a major role in growth restriction. In addition, chronic inflammation characteristic of CF may contribute to growth failure via alteration in the GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and other changes in the growth plate. rhGH and new CFTR modulators may improve some growth parameters. SUMMARY Beyond optimizing nutrition and malabsorption, and controlling chronic inflammation, children with CF may benefit from the anabolic effects of rhGH therapy to improve their anthropometric parameters. Whether this translates into better PFT and improved long-term outcomes is yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Lavi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Pediatric Pulmonology and CF Unit, Department of Pediatrics
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zangen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pagani S, Bozzola E, Acquafredda G, Terlizzi V, Raia V, Majo F, Villani A, Bozzola M. GH-IGF-1 Axis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Med Res 2019; 17:82-89. [PMID: 31462537 PMCID: PMC6886888 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2019.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression plays a role in growth of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), as a consequence of the chronic inflammatory condition and malnutrition. DESIGN We enrolled 49 prepubertal patients (24 males and 25 females) affected by CF in a stable clinical condition, 19 of whom had been diagnosed through newborn screening and 30 following presentation of symptoms. Patients had no significant comorbidity affecting growth or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related diabetes requiring insulin therapy. Blood was collected during two follow-up visits to measure insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP), and GHR gene expression. Recruited as a control group were 52 healthy children, sex- and age-matched, were recruited as a control group. METHODS We compared body mass index (BMI), height, weight, IGF-I, GHBP, and GHR gene expression values (evaluated by Chemiluminescent Immunometric assay; ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively) in CF patients diagnosed through newborn screening (NBS) or by symptoms (late diagnosis [LD]) and in healthy controls. RESULTS BMI increased significantly in patients between the time of diagnosis and check-up (P<0.001), particularly in the LD group; median value was lower at diagnosis and significantly higher (P<0.001) at follow-up visits compared to controls. At initial evaluation, higher levels of IGF-I (not statistically significant) were found in both the NBS group and the LD group compared to the control group. At the second evaluation, significantly higher levels of IGF-I (P=0.003) were found in both the NBS and LD groups compared to controls; GHR mRNA expression had significantly increased (P=0.013) in LD patients compared with the first evaluation and was significantly higher in the NBS and LD groups than in controls. GHBP values had significantly increased (P=0.047) in the NBS group after one year of therapy compared to first visit levels and were significantly higher (P<0,0001) in the NBS and LD groups compared to controls. CONCLUSION In our LD patients during childhood, we observed good auxological values and a GH/IGF-I axis function within normal range for the factor evaluated. However, earlier diagnosis through NBS might further minimize and prevent growth retardation, by reducing the duration of symptoms before treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagani
- Unit of Pediatrics and Adolescentology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzola
- Pediatrics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Acquafredda
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vito Terlizzi
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Majo
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Pediatrics Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Bozzola
- Unit of Pediatrics and Adolescentology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Valentine CJ, Dingess KA, Kleiman J, Morrow AL, Rogers LK. A Randomized Trial of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammation in Extremely Preterm Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:388-392. [PMID: 31058771 PMCID: PMC6706290 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal supplementation with 1000 mg/day docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provides third trimester DHA accretion levels in breast milk for the preterm infant. We hypothesized that DHA supplementation to mothers providing breastmilk for extremely preterm infants would result in decreased inflammatory markers, in the infant. Mother/infant dyads (n = 27) were enrolled at birth and mothers were assigned to receive 200 or 1000 mg/day of DHA. Milk and plasma samples were analyzed for fatty acids and inflammatory markers. Decreases in inflammation were observed in both maternal and infant plasma and correlated with red blood cell (RBC) DHA levels. The fact that maternal DHA supplementation decreases infant markers of inflammation implies that DHA, delivered through breastmilk, has the potential to decrease inflammation in the infant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CJ Valentine
- The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
- Reckitt Benckiser, Evansville, IN
- Central Ohio Newborn Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - KA Dingess
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Kleiman
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Center for Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - AL Morrow
- The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - LK Rogers
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Increased pain and inflammatory sensitivity in growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106362. [PMID: 31301405 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), in addition to metabolic and endocrine effects, play a role in the modulation of pain and inflammation. We aimed to elucidate the consequences of GHRH deficiency on acute nociceptive stimulation and on both acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli in a mouse model of GH deficiency. Mice with generalized ablation of the GHRH gene (GHRH knock out, GHRHKO, -/-) were compared to wild type (GHRH +/+) mice. Responsiveness to acute nociceptive stimulation and to acute inflammatory stimulation was evaluated by conventional hot plate apparatus and formalin test, respectively. We also evaluated responsiveness to colonic inflammation induced both in vivo, after dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment, or ex vivo, by incubating colon segments with bacterial lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Macroscopical and histological examinations were performed, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels and cyclooxigenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene expression were measured. Compared to controls, -/- mice showed decreased response latency during the hot plate test, and increased licking/biting time in formalin test, particularly in the second phase of inflammation. DSS treated -/- mice showed a significant increase of colonic inflammation compared to controls. Moreover DSS treatment increased PGE2 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, along with COX-2 and TNF-α gene expression more markedly in colon specimens of -/- mice compared to controls. LPS-induced PGE2 and 8-iso-PGF2α production from colonic segments incubated ex vivo was also increased in -/- mice. Generalized GHRH gene ablation increases sensitivity to thermal pain and both acute and persistent inflammatory stimuli in male mice.
Collapse
|
36
|
Östling H, Kruse R, Helenius G, Lodefalk M. Placental expression of microRNAs in infants born small for gestational age. Placenta 2019; 81:46-53. [PMID: 31138431 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular mechanisms behind poor foetal growth are not fully known. The aim of this study was to explore global microRNA expression in placentas of infants born small for gestational age (SGA) compared to infants with a normal birth weight (NBW). METHODS Placental biopsies from term infants were identified in a biobank and divided into four groups: infants born SGA with (n = 13) or without (n = 9) exposure to low maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and infants born with NBWs with (n = 20) or without (n = 26) exposure to low GWG. All women and infants were healthy, and no woman smoked during pregnancy. Only vaginal deliveries were included. Next-generation sequencing was performed with single read sequencing of >9 million reads per sample. Differential microRNA expression was analysed using ANOVA for unequal variances (Welch) with multiple testing corrections through the Benjamini-Hochberg method. A fold change >2 and a corrected p value < 0.05 were considered significant. Adjustments for possible confounding factors were made using a linear regression model. RESULTS A total of 1870 known, mature human microRNAs were detected in the sample. MiR-3679-5p and miR-193b-3p were significantly upregulated, and miR-379-3p, miR-335-3p, miR-4532, miR-519e-3p, miR-3065-5p, and miR-105-5p were significantly downregulated after adjustment for potential confounding factors in SGA infants with normal GWG compared to infants with NBWs and normal GWG. DISCUSSION Infants born unexplained SGA show differential microRNA expression in their placenta. Important pathways for the differentially expressed microRNAs include inflammation and the insulin-IGF system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Östling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - R Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Helenius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, SE-701 82, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Lodefalk
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cuestas E, Aguilera B, Cerutti M, Rizzotti A. Sustained Neonatal Inflammation Is Associated with Poor Growth in Infants Born Very Preterm during the First Year of Life. J Pediatr 2019; 205:91-97. [PMID: 30340934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a sustained neonatal systemic inflammatory response was associated with poor postnatal growth among infants born very preterm during the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN We studied prospectively 192 infants born preterm (birth weight ≤1.5 kg and gestational age ≤31 weeks). Weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth, term, 4, and 12 months of corrected age. Serial C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were measured at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of age and averaged for each infant. A sustained neonatal systemic inflammatory response was defined as an average C-reactive protein level greater than the median for the group. Analysis was undertaken with linear mixed models. RESULTS Decreases in mean z scores for weight, length, and head circumference were associated with the presence of a sustained neonatal systemic inflammatory response from birth to 12 months of corrected age (β [95% CI] = -0.282 [-0.306 to -0.258]; -1.899 [-2.028,-1.769]; -0.806 [-0.910, to -0.701], P < .001, respectively) in main effect models. This association remained significant after including interaction terms for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (β [95% CI] = -0.393 [-0.520 to -0.265]; -2.128 [-2.754, -1.503]; -1.102 [-1.604, -0.600]; P < .001; respectively) in interaction models. CONCLUSIONS A sustained neonatal systemic inflammatory response was associated with poor postnatal growth, particularly poor linear growth. Serial C-reactive protein and procalcitonin may be useful markers for identifying infants at risk for postnatal growth failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cuestas
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Belén Aguilera
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel Cerutti
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alina Rizzotti
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte/macrophage activation is increased among people with HIV, and may contribute to the heightened risk of atherosclerosis and neurocognitive dysfunction in this population. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been shown to attenuate the innate immune response in animal models of atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated, for the first time, relationships of circulating IGF-1 with monocyte/macrophage-specific indices among HIV-infected individuals and uninfected controls. DESIGN Observational. METHODS One hundred and thirty-one HIV-infected patients and 65 well matched controls without known cardiac disease or viral hepatitis were recruited previously. IGF-1, expressed as a z-score relative to the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted population mean, was related to log-transformed inflammatory markers within HIV and non-HIV groups. RESULTS In HIV, IGF-1 inversely related to sCD163 (r = -0.28, P = 0.002), sCD14 (r = -0.29, P = 0.002), and high-sensitivity IL-6 (r = -0.27, P = 0.006). There was no association of IGF-1 with high-sensitivity CRP, MCP-1, IL-18, or LPS in HIV, or between IGF-1 and any inflammatory marker in controls. Relationships of IGF-1 with sCD163 and sCD14 remained significant in HIV after controlling for age, sex, smoking, BMI, visceral fat, statin use, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy. For every one-unit decline in IGF-1 z-score, sCD163 and sCD14 increased by 14% (95% CI, 0.23-29%) and 29% (95% CI, 1.4-63%), respectively. CONCLUSION Low IGF-1 was robustly associated with high sCD163 and sCD14 in HIV. Prospective studies are needed to investigate augmentation of IGF-1 as a novel strategy to reduce monocyte/macrophage activation in this population.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cirillo F, Lazzeroni P, Catellani C, Sartori C, Amarri S, Street ME. MicroRNAs link chronic inflammation in childhood to growth impairment and insulin-resistance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|